UNIT 1 A LAND OF DIVERSITY（02悦享高考）2018年高考英语一轮复习（人教选修8）

UNIT 1 A LAND OF DIVERSITY（02悦享高考）2018年高考英语一轮复习（人教选修8）

高考试题之阅读理解 Passage1（2017·新课标卷全国卷III）‎ 体裁 话题 词数 难度 建议时间 ‎ 说明文 美国黄石公园重新引进灰狼 ‎ ‎ 295‎ ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎6分钟 After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.‎ Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.‎ The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations — major food sources (来源) for the wolf — grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park’s red foxes, and completely drove away the park’s beavers.‎ As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.‎ ‎ The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolvers. The ‎ U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.‎ ‎28. What is the text mainly about?‎ A. Wildlife research in the United States.‎ B. Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area.‎ C. The conflict between farmers and gray wolves.‎ D. The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park.‎ ‎29. What does the underlined word ＂displaced＂ in paragraph 2 mean?‎ A. Tested. B. Separated. ‎ C. Forced out. D. Tracked down.‎ ‎30. What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about?‎ A. Damage to local ecology. B. A decline in the park’s income.‎ C. Preservation of vegetation. D. An increase in the variety of animals.‎ ‎31. What is the author’s attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project?‎ A. Doubtful. B. Positive. ‎ C. Disapproving. D. Uncaring.‎ ‎【话题解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国黄石公园重新引进灰狼的事情。人类活动的影响使灰狼的数量逐渐减少，鹿群数量逐渐增加，从而导致植被被大量破坏。‎ ‎28.D 【解析】主旨大意题。文章开门见山地提出黄石公园引进灰狼的举措，然后在下文中详细介绍其原因以及带来的良好的转机，由此判断本文的中心话题是美国黄石公园对灰狼的引进。‎ ‎31.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章末段的最后一句可知，作者认为引进灰狼的项目是很有价值的实验，因此可推知作者对这一举措持肯定的态度。‎ Passage3（2016·新课标卷全国卷III）‎ 体裁 话题 词数 难度 建议时间 ‎ 记叙文 ‎ 女作家请纽约的朋友吃饭时发生的故事 ‎ 325‎ ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎6分钟 On one of her trips to New York several years ago, Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner. They settled in at a comfortable East Slide cafe and within minutes, another customer was approaching their table.‎ ‎ ＂Hey, aren’t you from Mississippi?＂ the elegant, white-haired writer remembered being asked by the stranger. ＂I’m from Mississippi too.＂‎ ‎ Without a second thought, the woman joined the Welty party. When her dinner partner showed up, she also pulled up a chair.‎ ‎ ＂They began telling me all the news of Mississippi,＂ Welty said. ＂I didn’t know what my New York friends were thinking.＂‎ ‎ Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine. By the time the group got up to leave, it was pouring outside. Welty’s new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab. Heading back downtown toward her hotel, her big-city friends were amazed at the turn of events that had ‎ changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi state reunion(团聚).‎ ‎ ＂My friends said: ‘Now we believe your stories,’＂ Welty added. ＂And I said: ‘Now you know. These are the people that make me write them.’＂‎ Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, looked pleased with this explanation.‎ ‎＂I don’t make them up,＂ she said of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years. ＂I don’t have to.＂‎ Beauticians, bartenders, piano players and people with purple hats, Welty’s people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss., from conversations overheard on a bus. It annoys Welty that, at 78, her left ear has now given out. Sometimes, sitting on a bus or a train, she hears only a fragment(片段) of a particularly interesting story.‎ ‎5. What happened when Welty was with her friends at the cafe?‎ A. Two strangers joined her．‎ B. Her childhood friends came in ‎ C. A heavy rain ruined the dinner．‎ D. Some people held a party there.‎ ‎6. The underlined word ＂them＂ in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty’s _______.‎ A. readers B. parties C. friends D. stories ‎7. What can we learn about the characters in Welty’s fiction?‎ ‎ A. They live in big cities.‎ ‎ B. They are mostly women.‎ ‎ C. They come from real life.‎ ‎ D. They are pleasure seekers.‎ ‎【话题解读】文章介绍了一位女作家请纽约的朋友吃饭时发生的故事。Welty是一位年纪比较大的作家，她来自密西西比。Welty的作品都是来自于现实的生活。‎ ‎5.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段的＂another customer was approaching their table＂和第三段的＂the woman joined the Welty party. When her dinner partner showed up, she also pulled up a chair＂可知，先后有两个陌生人（一位女士及其同伴）加入了Welty的聚会，故选A。‎ ‎7.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据＂I don’t make them up＂和＂Welty’s people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss., from conversations overheard on a bus.＂可知，Welty小说里的人物并不是虚构的，他们都来源于现实生活，故选C。‎ Passage2（2015·湖南卷）‎ 体裁 话题 词数 难度 建议时间 记叙文 芝加哥城的问题和改造方案 ‎368‎ ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎7分钟 In its early history, Chicago had floods frequently, especially in the spring, making the streets so muddy that people, horses, and carts got stuck. An old joke that was popular at the time went something like this: A man is stuck up to his waist in a muddy Chicago street. Asked if he needs help, he replies, ＂No, thanks. I’ve got a good horse under me.＂‎ The city planners decided to build an underground drainage(排水)system, but there simply wasn’t enough difference between the height of the ground level and the water level. The only two options were to lower the Chicago River or raise the city.‎ An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough convinced the city that it had no choice but to build the pipes above ground and then cover them with dirt. This raised the level of the city’s streets by as much as 12 feet.‎ This of course created a new problem: dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago. Building owners were faced with a choice: either change the first floors of their buildings into basements, and the second stories into main floors, or hoist the entire buildings to meet the new street level. Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily. But what about large, heavy structures like the Tremont Hotel, which was a six-story brick building?‎ That’s where George Pullman came in. He had developed some house-moving skills successfully. To lift a big structure like the Tremont Hotel, Pullman would place thousands of jackscrews (螺旋千斤顶)beneath the building’s foundation. One man was assigned to operate each section of roughly 10 jackscrews. At Pullman’s signal each man turned his jackscrew the same amount at the same time, thereby raising the building slowly and evenly. Astonishingly, the Tremont Hotel stayed open during the entire operation, and many of its guests didn’t even notice anything was happening. Some people like to say that every problem has a solution. But in Chicago’s early history, every engineering solution seemed to create a new problem. Now that Chicago’s waste water was draining efficiently into the Chicago River, the city’s next step was to clean the polluted river.‎ ‎61.The author mentions the joke to show_______.‎ A. horses were fairly useful in Chicago B. Chicago’s streets were extremely muddy C. Chicago was very dangerous in the spring D. the Chicago people were particularly humorous ‎62.The city planners were convinced by Ellis Chesbrough to _______.‎ A. get rid of the street dirt B. lower the Chicago River C. fight against heavy floods D. build the pipes above ground ‎63.The underlined word ＂hoist＂ in Paragraph 4 means ＂_______＂.‎ A. change      B. lift C. repair         D. decorate ‎64.What can we conclude about the moving operation of the Tremont Hotel?‎ A. It went on smoothly as intended.‎ B. It interrupted the business of the hotel.‎ C. It involved Pullman turning ten jackscrews.‎ D. It separated the building from its foundation.‎ ‎65.The passage is mainly about early Chicago’s_______.‎ A. popular lifestyles and their influences B. environmental disasters and their causes C. engineering problems and their solutions D. successful businessmen and their achievements ‎【文话题解读】本文讲述了芝加哥城的问题和改造方案。 与单元话题＂A land of diversity＂密切相关。因此建议同学们在学习的同时，广泛阅读相关话题。‎ ‎61.B 【解析】考查细节理解。从文章第一段的内容可知,作者讲这个笑话是为了证明芝加哥的路面十分泥泞。‎ ‎62.D 【解析】考查细节理解。从文章第三段第一句＂An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough convinced the city that it had no choice but to build the pipes above ground and then cover them with dirt＂可得出答案。‎ ‎63.B 【解析】考查词义猜测。根据文章第四段画线词后面的＂Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily＂可知,hoist与lift同义。‎ ‎65.C 【解析】考查主旨大意。根据整篇文章可知,本文主要讲的是芝加哥早期(关于城市规划)的工程问题以及解决方案。‎ 高考试题之书面表达 ‎【2015·新课标全国I】书面表达（满分25分）‎ 假定你是李华，你校英文报＂外国文化＂栏目拟刊登介绍美国节日风俗和中学生生活的短文。请给美国朋友彼得写信约稿，要点如下：‎ 1. 栏目介绍；‎ 2. 稿件内容；‎ 3. 稿件长度：约400词；‎ 4. 交稿日期：6月28日前。‎ 注意：‎ 1. 词数100左右；‎ 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯的；‎ 3. 开头语已为你写好。‎ Dear Peter,‎ I’d like to ask you to write an article for our school’s English newspaper. ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【参考范文】‎ Dear Peter,‎ I’d like to ask you to write an article for our school’s English newspaper.‎ The ＂Foreign Cultures＂ section in our newspaper is very popular among us students. It carries articles written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries. Would you please write something about the ‎ I’m looking forward to hearing from you.‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎ ‎