2019届一轮复习译林版必修二Unit1Talesoftheunexplained学案(1)

2019届一轮复习译林版必修二Unit1Talesoftheunexplained学案(1)

Unit 1Tales of the unexplained 学案 自然与环境之(一) ——难解之谜 [一积词汇见多识广] [课内单词回扣] (一)阅读词汇写其义 1．incident n．发生的事情 2.flash n. & vi.闪光，闪耀 3．construction n．施工；建筑物 4.occur vi.发生 5．evidence n．证据 6.appropriate adj.适当的 7．case n．案件；具体情况，实例 8.dismiss vt.不予考虑；解雇；解散 9．laughter n．笑，笑声 10.ancestor n．祖先，祖宗 11．attack v．& n．攻击；进攻 12.statement n．陈述；声明 13．enthusiastic adj.热情的 14.reserve n．保护区；储备 vt.预订 (二)表达词汇写其形 1．witness n．目击者，证人 vt.目击，见证 2.journalist n．记者 3．exist vi.存在 4.humour n．幽默 5．discount n．折扣 6.examine vt.检查 7．award n．奖，奖品，奖金 vt.授予，奖励 8．aboard adv.& prep.在(轮船、飞机、火车等)上；上(轮船、飞机、火车等) 9．base n．基地，大本营；底部；基础 vt.以……为基础 (三)拓展词汇灵活用 *1.amazing adj.令人惊奇(惊叹)的→amazed adj.吃惊的，感到惊奇的→amaze vt.使惊异/ 惊奇→amazement n．惊异，惊奇 2.unexplained adj.无法解释的，神秘的→explain vt.解释；说明→explanation n．解释； 说明 *3.puzzled adj.困惑的，茫然的→puzzle vt.使困惑；使为难→puzzling adj.令人困惑的 4.injury n．伤害→injure v．伤害→injured adj.受伤的 5.disagree vi.不同意→disagreement n．不同意→agree vi.同意→agreement n．同意；一 致 6.organize vt.组织，筹备；安排，处理→organization n．组织；安排→organizer n．组 织者 *7.strength n．力量，力气→strengthen vt.加强，巩固→strong adj.强壮的，有力的 *8.convince vt.使确信，使相信→convincing adj.令人信服的→convinced adj.确信的，感 到信服的 *9.survive vi. & vt.生存；挺过(难关)→survival n．幸存，生存→survivor n．幸存者 用上面加*号的单词的适当形式填空 1．The present situation here is puzzling,_and we are all puzzled about what will happen in the days to come. 2．It's a convincing speech and I'm convinced that many people will benefit from it. 3．Luckily, the boy survived the terrible car crash last week and he was the only survivor of the accident. 4．We were amazed by the amazing news that an eightyearold child should be admitted to Tsinghua University. 5．To make yourself strong or increase your strength,_you should get more exercises to strengthen your muscles. [话题单词积累] 1．mystery /'mɪstri/ n．秘密，谜；神秘，神秘的事 2．attract /ə'trækt/ vt. 吸引；引起 vi. 吸引；有吸引力 3．aircraft /'eəkrɑːft/ n． 飞机，航空器 4．strange /streɪn(d)ʒ/ adj. 奇怪的；陌生的 5．scientific /saɪən'tɪfɪk/ adj. 科学的；系统的 6．discover /dɪ'skʌvə(r)/ v. 发现；发觉 7．frighten /'fraɪtn/ vt. 使惊吓；害怕 8．interesting /'ɪntrəstɪŋ/ adj.有趣的；引人入胜的 9．memorize /'meməraɪz/ vt. 记住；记忆 10．technology /tek'nɒlədʒɪ/ n. 技术；工艺 11．solve /sɒlv/ vt. 解决；解答 vi. 作解答 12．explore /ɪk'splɔː(r)/ vt.探测；探险；考察；探究 13．notice /'nəʊtɪs/ n. 通知，布告 vt. 注意到 14．scenery /'siːn(ə)rɪ/ n. 风景；景色 15．religion /rɪ'lɪdʒ(ə)n/ n. 宗教；宗教信仰 16．theory /'θɪərɪ/ n. 理论；原理；学说 17．unlike /ʌn'laɪk/ prep. 和……不同，不像 18．regular /'regjʊlə/ adj. 定期的；有规律的 19．light /laɪt/ n. 光；光线 adj. 轻的；明亮的 vt. 照亮；点燃 vi. 点着；变亮；着火 20．probably /'prɒbəblɪ/ adv. 大概；或许；很可能 21．puzzle /'pʌz(ə)l/ n. 谜；难题 22．rewarding /rɪ'wɔːdɪŋ/ adj. 有益的，值得的； 有报酬的 23．crash /kræʃ/ n. 撞碎；坠毁 vi. 坠落 24．reflect /rɪ'flekt/ vt. 反映；反射，照出 vi. 反射，映现 25．environment /ɪn'vaɪrənm(ə)nt/ n. 自然环境 26．existence/ɪg'zɪstəns/ n. 存在 [二积短语顿挫抑扬] [课内短语回扣] (一)根据汉语写出下列短语 *1.step_up 加紧，加强，促进 *2.due_to 由于，因为 *3.show_up 出现 *4.take_charge_of 负责，掌管 5.make_up 编造；弥补；构成 *6.look_into 调查 7.dozens_of 许多，很多 *8.belong_to 属于；是……一员 9.make_one's_way_to 前往，到……去 10.carry_out 实现；完成；执行 11.run_into 偶遇，无意中碰见 12.leave_out 遗漏；省去；不考虑 13.believe_in 信任 14.be_based_on 以……为基础 15.be_enthusiastic_about 对……热情 16.pick_up 拾起；学会；用车接 (二)用上面加*号的短语完成下列句子 1．In the north of India, the population is booming due_to high birth rates. (2017·江苏高考任 务型阅读) 2．As I looked_into my car, I could not see inside the car, like all the windows were just black. (2018·上海一模) 3．To their anger, when they were seated at the table, the host didn't show_up yet. 4．Kevin took_charge_of the company while the manager was away. 5．According to the law, the larger house belongs_to Soc Page and her family. 6．As we know, the company had stepped_up production of the latest model.,[话题短语积累] 1．Unidentified Flying Objects (UFO) 不明飞行物 2．in a scientific way 用科学的方式 3．look like 看起来像 4．pay a visit to 访问，参观 5．contribute to 导致；促使 6．take photos 拍照 7．human race 人类 8．in reality 实际上；事实上 9．have something in common 有共同点 10．lose sight of 看不见 11．cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋 12．to one's surprise 令某人吃惊的是 13．in time 及时，终于 14．account for 解释；导致 15．seek for 寻找 16．make use of 利用 17．pay attention to 注意 18．think of 想起，想到 19．be curious about 对……好奇 [三积句式写作扮靓] [课内句式仿写] 1．感官动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语 [例句] Witnesses also say they saw Justin walking towards his house at 10.45 p．m. [仿写] 在春天，我们可以随时发现一些孩子在野外放风筝。(2016·四川高考满分作文) In spring, we can always find_some_children_flying_kites in the field. 2．完全倒装结构：v.ing 短语＋be＋主语 [例句] Standing inside were lots of strange creatures with white skin and large black eyes. [仿写] 许多老人和孩子正站在街道两旁。(2016·北京高考写作佳句) Standing_on_both_sides_of_the_street_are many old people and children. 3. do“的确，确实”，用来强调谓语动词 [例句] Though he has never met any aliens, he believes they do exist. [仿写] 如果你对郊游有兴趣，一定要让我们提前知道。(2017·6 月浙江高考满分作文) If you are interested in the outing, do_let_us_know ahead of time. 4．Sb./Sth. be said to do ... [例句] The Yeti is said to be a large, hairy animal that walks on two feet like a human being. [仿写] 据说一些世界著名的队员将被邀请来讲课。(2017·全国卷Ⅲ满分作文) Some famous players from the world are_said_to_be_invited to give lessons. [话题佳句背诵] 1．People call these strange objects Unidentified Flying Objects (UFOs)． 人们称这些奇怪的物体为不明飞行物(UFO)。 2．Some of the reports about them are difficult to believe. 一些关于他们的报道很难相信。 3．It seemed to be an object rather like a big plate. 它似乎是一个物体，尤其像一个大盘子。 4．He was being watched in the darkness. 有人在黑暗中注视着他。 5．It is the scientists who can turn some new bit of science into a new technology to solve these problems. 是科学家把一些新的科学转化为一种新的技术来解决这些问题的。 [四背语段语感流畅] Last weekend, Tom and I paid a visit to the Summer Palace, which proved to be very interesting and rewarding. The moment we entered the park, Tom was attracted by the beautiful scenery. Soon, we noticed an elderly man practicing handwriting on the ground. To our surprise, he invited Tom to have a try. Before we left, we took photos together to memorize this valuable experience. 上周末，我和汤姆参观了颐和园，这是非常有趣和有意义的。 我们刚一进入公园，汤姆就被美丽的风景所吸引了。很快，我们注意到一位老人在地上 正在练习书法。 令我们吃惊的是，他邀请汤姆试试。在我们离开之前，我们一起拍了照片来纪念这一宝 贵的经历。 [第一板块 重点词汇突破] [师生共研词汇] 1．puzzled adj.困惑的，茫然的 [教材原句] Boy missing, police puzzled 男孩失踪，警方茫然 (1)be puzzled about 对……感到困惑 (2)puzzle vt. 使……困惑/迷惑 n. 难题；谜 be a puzzle to sb. 对某人来说是个谜 (3)puzzling adj. 使人困惑的，令人不解的 ①The police are still puzzled about how the accident could have happened. 警察仍在苦思这起事故是怎么发生的。 ②Alice read the letter with a puzzled (puzzle) expression on her face. 艾丽丝读了信，一脸的困惑。 ③The thing I find most puzzling (puzzle) is that he never mentions his family. 我发现最令人困惑的事情是他从不提他的家人。 [名师点津] v．ed 形式的分词形容词，如 puzzled, confused, frightened, excited, surprised 等，除了可以用来描述人的心理活动以外，还可以用来修饰与人有关的一些名词，如 look, voice, smile, expression, face 等。 2．witness n．[C]目击者，证人 vt.目击，见证 [教材原句] Witnesses also say they saw Justin walking towards his house at 10.45 p．m. 目击者也说，当晚 10 点 45 分他们看见贾斯廷朝自己家的方向走去。 (1)a witness to sth. 某事的证人/证明 give witness to sth. 为……作证；证明 (2) witness to (doing) sth. 证明(做)某事 witness for 为……作证 witness (sb.) doing sth. 目击(某人)做某事 ①At Jackson's trial, two witnesses (witness) affirmed that Jackson was with them in another location at the time of the crime.(2018·西安一模) 在杰克逊的审判中，两名证人确认杰克逊在案发时和他们一起在另外一个地方。 ②The little boy was_the_only_witness_to the accident yesterday. 这个小男孩是昨天事故的唯一证人。 ③Luckily, several people volunteer to witness for my father.(2018·兰州一模) 幸运的是，有几个人自愿去为我的父亲作证。 ④He arrived home just in time to witness his brother being_taken (take) away by the police. 他回到家正好看到他的弟弟被警方带走。 [名师点津] see, witness, find 等一些动词，可以用地点或时间名词作主语，表示某地或 某时“经历、发生、目睹”了某事。这是一种拟人修辞法。 ⑤The last thirty years have witnessed/seen the great changes of China. 过去的 30 年见证了中国发生的巨大变化。 3．assume vt.假定；认为 [教材原句] However, since Mrs Foster thought that Justin was spending the night with a friend, she assumed that Kelly was having a bad dream, and sent her back to bed. 但是，因为福斯特夫人以为贾斯廷在一个朋友家过夜了，所以她认为凯莉只是做了个噩 梦，于是将她打发回了床上。 (1) assume that ... 设想/认为…… assume ... to be ... 假定/假设……是…… It is assumed that ... 一般认为…… (2)assumption n. 假定；假设 make an assumption 认为；假定 (3)assuming (that) ... 假设/假定…… ①It_is_generally_assumed_that stress is caused by too much work. 人们普遍认为，压力是工作过多所致。 ②This is based on the assumption (assume) that science is universal, objective and reliable. 这是基于这样的假设：科学是普遍的、客观的和可信的。 ③Assuming (assume) you are interested in it, please send an email to 123456@sina.com. (2017·全国卷Ⅲ满分作文) 如果你对它感兴趣，请发邮件到 123456@sina.com。 [熟词生义] 读句子猜词义 ④I made a mistake and I will assume responsibility for it. 承担 [联想发散] “假设，如果”的表达法有： if＝ assuming that ... supposing/suppose that ... providing/provided that ... on condition that ... in case ... 4．occur vi.发生；想到；出现 [教材原句] Mr Foster was working that night on his road construction job, and was not home when these events occurred. 福斯特先生当晚在忙着路面施工，因此当这一切发生时他并不在家。 sth. occurs to sb. 某人突然想起某事 It occurs to/strikes/hits sb. that ... 某人突然想起…… It occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人想到要做某事 ①A good idea occurred_to me when I woke up this morning. 今天早上醒来我突然想到一个好点子。 ②It_suddenly_occurred_to/struck/hit_me_that while we tried to teach our children all about life, they actually taught us what life was all about. 我突然想起，当我们试图教我们的孩子们关于生活的一切时，他们实际上却教会了我们 什么是生活的全部。 ③It never occurred to her to_ask (ask) anyone when she was in trouble. 当她遇到困难时从未想到过求助他人。 5．award vt.授予，奖励 n.奖，奖品，奖金 [ 教 材 原 句 ] We could offer awards to the winning team and the most enthusiastic players. 我们可以给获胜队伍和最热情的运动员发奖。 (1)award sb. for sth. 因为某事而奖励某人 award sb. sth.＝award sth. to sb. 给予/授予/判给某人某物 be awarded ... for ... 因……而被奖励…… (2)win/receive awards for 获奖/接受颁奖 ①The school has won/received_awards_for its pioneering work with the community. 这所学校因其针对该社区具有开创性的工作而获奖。 ②The judges awarded her the first prize for her picture. 评委把她的画评为一等奖。 ③The chairman awarded her the gold medal. ＝The chairman awarded the gold medal to her. 主席给她颁发金牌。 ④Dr. Yuan was_awarded_many_prizes_for his research. 袁博士因为他的研究荣获许多奖项。 [易混辨析] award vt.颁奖，授奖，给予 award sb. sth.＝award sth. to sb. n.奖品，奖，奖状(与 prize 近义) reward vt.报答，酬谢 reward sb. for sth.“因……报答某人” reward sb. with sth. “用……酬谢某人” n.酬金，回报(奖金或一些非金钱的报酬) prize n.多指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽奖中所赢得的奖金或有价值的东西 ⑤After being awarded the first prize,_he expressed that he would continue to reward the people and the society with his hard work. 在获得一等奖后，他表示将继续努力工作，回报人民和社会。 6．strength n．[U]力量，力气；[C]长处，优势 [教材原句] In one case, a group of engineers ran after the creature, which moved with amazing speed and strength. 有一次，一群工程师追赶这种生物，而它却以惊人的速度和力量奔跑起来。 (1)strengths and weaknesses 长处与弱点 build up one's strength 增强体质 have the strength to do sth. 有做某事的力气 with all one's strength 竭尽全力 (2)strengthen vi.& vt. 加强；增强；巩固 ①Practising Chinese kung fu can not only build_up_one's_strength,_ but also develop one's character. 练中国功夫不但能增强体质，还能培养一个人的品质。 ②Everyone has his or her strengths (strong) and weaknesses. 每个人都有自己的优势和劣势。 ③Regular physical tests can strengthen (strength) people's health consciousness. 定期的体能测试可以增强人们的健康意识。 7．convince vt.使确信，使相信；说服，劝说 [教材原句] He became convinced they exist. 他开始坚信它们的存在。 (1)convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事 convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事 convince sb. that ... 使某人相信…… (2)be convinced of 确信……；相信…… be convinced that ... 确信…… (3)convincing adj. 令人信服的；有说服力的 ①I failed to convince him of his mistake. ＝I failed to convince him that_he_was_mistaken. 我没能使他相信他是错的。 ②Although I hiked with very little money and a thousand miles from home, I was convinced (convince) that I would complete my journey safely. 尽管我这次徒步旅行没有带钱，又离家 1 000 英里，但是我自信满满，我一定会安全完 成我的旅行。 ③In the New York City a friend convinced_me_to_visit Metropolitan Museum of Art. 在纽约，一个朋友说服我去参观大都会艺术博物馆。 8．survive vi.生存，幸免；幸存；生还 vt.比……活得长；幸免于；挺过(难关) [教材原句] In his opinion, this animal made its way to other parts of the world, and continues to survive even today. 在他看来，这种动物去了世界上其他地区，甚至一直活到现在。 (1)survive sth. 幸免于；从……中挺/活过来 survive from 从……存活下来；流传下来 A survive B (by ...) A 比 B 活得长(几年) (2)survivor n. 幸存者 survival n. [U]幸存；[C]残存物 ①Several written works have survived_from the Old English period. 一些书面的作品从古英语时期保存了下来。 ②Determining where we are in relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival (survive)．(2017·江苏高考) 根据周围的环境辨别方位仍然是我们生存的一项极其重要的技能。 ③The five survivors (survive) eventually reached safety, ragged, halfstarved and exhausted. 五位幸存者最终到达安全之地时已经衣衫褴褛、饥肠辘辘、精疲力尽。 ④It's said that the woman survived her husband by 10 years. 据说这位女士比她的丈夫多活了 10 年。 [自主练通词汇] 1．case n．案件；实例；情形，场合；箱子，容器 (1)写出句中 case 的含义 ①They lost their case in the High Court, and had to pay damages. 案件 ②This was found to be the case in many thirdworld countries. 情形 ③The doctor said this patient is a classic case of food poisoning. 实例 ④There are many exhibits here, which are all in glass cases.容器 (2)选词填空(in this case/in case/in no case) ⑤The traveler may fire at a wild beast to defend himself in_case he is attacked. ⑥In_this_case,_ you must keep the sail half way outside the boat. ⑦In_no_case can you miss the opportunity to go to university for further study. 2．exist vi.存在；生存 (1)单句改错 ①The man existed in bread and water for over five months. in→on ②There exist a good way to solve the existing problem at present. exist→exists (2)完成句子 ③No one knows when such a custom first came_into_existence. 没有人知道这种风俗是什么时候形成的。 ④Some strange ideas existed_in his mind. 他脑子里有一些奇怪的想法。 [词汇过关练] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．For a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for survival (survive) is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.(2018·衡水一模) 2．Expressing our sadness can also get comfort and compassion from those who care about us, strengthening (strength) our bonds.(2018·苏州一模) 3．Witnesses to the crash said they saw an explosion just before the disaster. 4．We have reinforced our packaging so as to minimize damage which may occur to the goods. 5．Men's social existence (exist) determines their consciousness. 6．Assuming (assume) that it is true, what should we do? 7．The actress's movie won several awards (award) at the international film festival. 8．To play such puzzling (puzzle) games can increase the intellectual level of children. Ⅱ.单句改错 1．That occurred to her that she might adopt a homeless child. 第一个 That→It 2．There is now convinced evidence that smoking causes lung cancer.convinced→convincing 3．She had a puzzling look on her face when she couldn't work out the maths problem. puzzling→puzzled 4．He died in 1940, but his wife survived him for another 20 years.for→by 5．In my amazement, he actually refused to help me.In→To 6．All passengers on aboard lost their lives when the plane crashed.去掉 on Ⅲ.单句写作(补全句子/一句多译) 1. 预计本月底会有结果。 The results are_due at the end of this month. 2. 我要预订一张从洛杉矶到东京的机票。 I want to reserve_a_seat from Los Angeles to Tokyo. 3．跑步可以帮助我们强健我们的体魄。 Running can help us build_up_our_strength. 4. 我忽然想到我告诉他们的电话号码是错的。 ①It_occurred_to_me_that the phone number I had told them was wrong.(occur) ②It_struck_me_that the phone number I had told them was wrong.(strike) ③It_hit_me_that the phone number I had told them was wrong.(hit) 5. 我们认为他是一个诚实的孩子。 ①We_assume_that_he_is_an_honest_boy.(assume that) ②We_assume_him_to_be_an_honest_boy.(assume sb.to be) ③It_is_assumed_that_he_is_an_honest_boy.(It is assumed that ...) [第二板块 短语、句式突破] 1．show up 出现，现身；露面 [教材原句] When Justin did not show up for lunch the next day, Mrs Foster became worried and told her husband to call the police. 在第二天吃午饭的时候，贾斯廷仍然没有露面，福斯特夫人开始担心了，就让丈夫打电 话报警。 (1)show sb. around/round 领某人参观 show sb. in/out 领某人进来/出去 show off 炫耀，卖弄 (2)be on show 在展览，陈列 ①The boss is_showing_us_around his factory. 老板正领着我们参观他的工厂。 ②Taking photos of food enables people to show_off and to share their mealtime moments. 对食物拍照使人们能够炫耀和分享他们的进餐时刻。 ③Quite a number of world famous paintings are_on_show in this exhibition. 有许多世界名画在本次展览会上展出。 2．make up 编造，杜撰；构成，组成；弥补；化妆；和好；整理 [教材原句] Sometimes people make up such amazing stories. 人们有时候编造出这类奇异的故事。 [一词多义] 写出句中 make up 的含义 ①The medical team was made up of twelve doctors.构成 ②You must work harder to make up for the hours lost to playing. 弥补 ③Today it is common that women and girls make up in public.化妆 ④After they quarreled many times, it was hard for them to make up.和好 ⑤Many stories about UFO are said to be made up.编造 ⑥They told the servants to make up a bed for the princess.整理 make up for 弥补；补偿 be made up of＝consist of＝be composed of 由……组成/构成 make out 辨认出；理解，明白 make way for 为……让路 make it 成功 ⑦I heard the voices, but couldn't make_out what they were saying. 我听到有声音，却听不清他们在说些什么。 3．belong to 属于，是……成员 [教材原句] Large tracks have also been discovered which some people say belong to the Wild Man. 人们也发现过一些巨大脚印，有人称它们属于野人。 (1)belong to 表示“是……的财产；是……的组成部分；是……的成员(属于)”，不能用 于进行时态和被动语态。 (2)belongings n．财产；所有物；相关事物 ①She tells her students that the future belongs_to the welleducated. 她告诉她的学生说，未来是属于受过良好教育的人的。 ②Lockers are available to store any belongings (belong)during your visit.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ阅 读) 在您到访期间，储物柜可用来存放您的任何物品。 ③In my opinion, you'd better put the book where_it_belongs. 在我看来，你最好把书放在它该在的地方。 [名师点津] belong to 不用于进行时态；但是它的现在分词形式可以作后置定语。 ④The island belonging_to_China is Diaoyu Island. 属于中国的那个岛叫作钓鱼岛。 4 ． Standing_inside_were_lots_of_strange_creatures with white skin and large black eyes. (飞船)里面站着许多白皮肤、眼睛又黑又大的奇怪生物。 (1)当表语是分词、副词、形容词、介词短语，主语比较长且主语是名词时，为了保持 平衡或强调表语，常把表语放在句首，引起句子完全倒装。句型结构为“分词/副词/形容词 /介词短语＋be＋主语”。 (2)表示处所、方位等的副词或介词，如 here, there, now, then, up, down, in, out, off 等放 在句首，且主语是名词，谓语动词通常是 be, lie, sit, stand, come, go, exist, live, rush 等不及物 动词时，句子用完全倒装。 (3)there be 句型也属于一种完全倒装句。该句型中的 be 可以替换为表示“存在”的动词， 如 live, exist, lie, stand, seem, rise, remain, happen, come, go 等。句型结构为“there＋存在类动 词＋主语”。 ①Buried_in_the_earth_was a jar with lots of ancient coins in it. 埋在泥土中的是一个装满古币的坛子。 ②Present_at_the_meeting_were the school headmaster, the English teachers, and the students' parents. 出席会议的有校长、英语教师和学生家长。 ③Out rushed_a_cat from under the bed. 从床底下跑出一只猫。 ④Then came_the_final_awards_ceremony at the end of the year. 年终颁奖典礼终于来到了。 ⑤There_remains a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project. 人们对于这个项目的实际价值仍然有一定的疑问。 [名师点津] 在倒装结构中，当主语是代词时，主谓一般不用倒装。 ⑥Away they went. 他们出去了。 5．The_Yeti_is_said_to_be a large, hairy animal that walks on two feet like a human being. 据说，野人体格高大多毛，像人类一样用两脚行走。 (1)Sb. is said to do sth.意为“据说……”。其中，不定式根据情况可用一般式(to do)、进 行式(to be doing)和完成式(to have done) Sb.＋ be＋过去分词＋ to do sth.未发生 to be doing sth.正在发生 to have done sth.已发生 (2)用于本句型的动词还有 think, believe, expect, report, consider, suppose 等。 (3) Sb. is said/thought/believed/reported/considered/supposed/...to do sth. ＝It is said/It is thought/believed/reported/considered/supposed/...that ... 据说……/大家认为……/人们相信……/据报道……/大家普遍认为……/据推测…… ①Green is said to be the most restful color. ＝It_is_said_that green is the most restful color. 据说绿色是最宁静的颜色。 ②It is reported that our city will hold a Chinese papercutting show this Sunday. (2017·全国 卷Ⅱ满分作文) ＝Our city is_reported_to_hold a Chinese papercutting show this Sunday. 据报道，我们市这个周日将举办中国剪纸艺术展。 ③It is said that carbon dioxide is heating the earth twice as quickly as previously feared. ＝Carbon dioxide is_said_to_be_heating the earth twice as quickly as previously feared. 据说二氧化碳正以先前所担忧的两倍的速度加热着地球。 [名师点津] It is suggested/hoped that ...不能转换成“主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do”结 构。 [短语、句式过关练] Ⅰ.选词填空 show up， due to， step up， make up， look into， belong to， dozens of 1.Fortunat ely, my son was picked out from dozens_of applicants for the position. 2．The editor was making_up an interesting story to catch the readers' attention. 3．His failure in his business is due_to lack of support. 4．A famous detective has been sent on the spot to look_into this matter. 5．They have stepped_up their efforts to search the buildings for survivors of the earthquake. 6．If you love someone, you will like all that belongs_to him or her. 7．We were hoping for a full team today but only five players showed_up. Ⅱ.单句改错 1 ． It was a woman who took away the bag not belonged to her by mistake. belonged→belonging 2．Lie across the river is a bridge built two hundred years ago. Lie→Lying 3．On the school gate hang a picture of a girl who was lost a month ago.hang→hangs 4．That is reported that the city mayor will come to our town next week.That→It 5．The accident was due to drive at high speed.drive→driving Ⅲ.补全句子/同义句改写 1．据说那个男孩到目前为止已背了 2 000 个单词。 The boy is_said_to_have_learned 2,000 words by heart so far. 2．我的爸爸在我小时候经常给我编一些精彩的故事。 My father often made_up_some_very__amazing_stories for me when I was a child. 3．墙上挂的是两张齐白石的画。 Hanging on the wall are_two_paintings by Qi Baishi. 4．地震发生时，那对夫妇正在前往海滩的路上。 As the earthquake happened, the couple were_making_their_way_to the beach. 5．The Prime Minister is thought to visit Moscow next month. (改用 it 作形式主语) →It_is_thought_that_the_Prime_Minister_will_visit_Moscow_next_month. 6．The days when we had to keep in touch with each other by letter are gone.(改为全部倒装 句) →Gone_are_the_days_when_we_had_to_keep_in_touch_with_each_other_by_letter. 7．You shouldn't come to her party unless invited.(改为复合句) →You_shouldn't_come_to_her_party_unless_you_were_invited. [课堂双线提能] 课堂一刻钟演练，实现教材与高考的对接 提能一 用课文词汇写高分作文 puzzled, unexplained, amazing, strength, evidence, mystery, belong to 1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语) ①人们对有些无法解释的现象感到困惑，例如雪人。 People feel_puzzled_about_some_unexplained_phenomena,_ such as the Yeti. ②据说雪人比一般的人要高，但是却以惊人的速度和力量行走。 The Yeti is said to be taller than an average human but walks with amazing_speed_and_strength. ③虽然有人报道说见过是雪人的脚印，但是没有发现有力的证据证明它的存在。 Though some people reported seeing the footprints belonging_to_a_Yeti,_ no powerful evidence for its existence has been found. ④随着科学技术的发展，我们希望科学家有一天会解开这个谜。 As science and technology develops, we hope that scientists will solve_the_mystery one day. 2．升级平淡句 (1)用“it 作形式主语”改写句② It_is_said_that_the_Yeti_is_taller_than_an_average_human_but_walks_with_amazing_speed _and_strength._ (2)用“with＋宾语＋介词短语”结构改写句④ With_the_development_of_science_and_technology,_we_hope_that_scientists_will_solve_th e_mystery_one_day. 3．衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：so) People feel puzzled about some unexplained phenomena, such as the Yeti. It is said that the Yeti is taller than an average human but walks with amazing speed and strength. Though some people reported seeing the footprints belonging to a Yeti, no powerful evidence for its existence has been found.So with the development of science and technology, we hope that scientists will solve the mystery one day. 提能二 用课文句型解构高考长难句 [本单元突破点——状语从句与名词性从句的混 用] 经典例句 比较分析 真题尝试翻译 课文长 难句 However, since Mrs Foster thought that Justin was spending the night with a friend, she assumed that Kelly was having a bad dream, and sent her back to bed. 本句是主从复合句。主句是 she assumed ..., that Kelly was having a bad dream, and sent her back to bed 是 主句中的宾语从句；since Mrs Foster thought ...是原因状语从句，that Justin was spending the night with a friend 是 从句中的宾语从句。 许多农场主反 对这一计划， 因为他们担心 狼会杀死他们 农场中的牲畜 和宠物。 真题长 难句 Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ) 本句是主从复合句。主句是 Many farmers opposed the plan, 后跟 because 引导的原因状语从句，从句中 又含有 that 引导的宾语从句。 作为“自然与环境”中的子话题，“难解之谜”多涉及人类尚未探明的未知世界，其考 查形式多为说明文类的阅读理解。由于是考生并不熟悉的话题，故难度偏大。 一、话题与听力 [考题示例] (2014·全国卷Ⅱ) 听下面材料，回答第 17 至 20 题。 17．How long has the speaker lived in a big city? A．One year. B．Ten years. C．Eighteen years. 18．What is the speaker's opinion on public transport? A．It's comfortable. B．It's timesaving. C．It's cheap. 19．What is good about living in a small town? A．It's safer. B．It's healthier. C．It's more convenient. 20．What kind of life does the speaker seem to like most? A．Busy. B．Colourful. C．Quiet. [听力原文] M：Well, I'd love to share with you my personal opinions on city life and life in small towns. I grew up in a small town until I was 18 and then moved to a big city, so I have experienced the good and bad sides of both. I never thought that I would like living in a big city, but I was wrong. After ten years of living in one, I can't imagine ever living in a small town again. Surely small towns and big cities both have some problems in terms of transport. In a small town, you have to own a car to make life comfortable. You can't get around without one because there isn't any kind of public transport. Big cities generally have heavy traffic and expensive parking, but there you have a choice of taking public transport, which is cheaper than driving. So, if you don't have a car, you'd better live in the city. I also love the exciting life in big cities: I can always enjoy a lot of films, concerts, and other wonderful shows. However, these things are not common in small towns. The final thing I like about large cities is that you can meet different kinds of people. However, you seldom find such a variety of people in a smaller town. I think that living in an area where everyone was just like me would quickly become dull. Of course, safety should be considered, and that's one area where small towns are better than big cities. Still, I would rather be a bit more careful and live in a large city than feel safe but dull. [听力答案] 17.B 18.C 19.A 20.B [关键词句] 1．weather 天气 2．windstorm 风暴 3．flood 水灾 4．drought 干旱 5．environmental 环境的 6．ecofriendly 环保的 7．preserve 保护 8．destroy 破坏 9．disaster 灾难 10．fresh water 淡水 11．waste water 废水 12．pollute 污染 13．energy 能源 14．plastic 塑料 15．ecological balance 生态平衡 16．recyclable 可回收利用的 17．human activity 人类活动 18．do harm to 对……有伤害 19．run out 用完 20．take action/measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事 21．It's high time for us to take measures to prevent the earth from getting warm. 该是我们采取措施来阻止全球变暖的时候了。 22．It has snowed for three days, making it hard to go out. 大雪已下了三天，出门很困难。 23．What's the weather like today? 今天的天气怎么样？ 24．How smelly the river is! 这条河太臭了！ 二、话题与语篇 [考题示例] (2017·全国卷Ⅱ阅读 D) [1]When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn't sit quietly. Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short. [2]Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked. It's a plant's way of crying out. But is anyone listening ？ Apparently. Because we can watch the neighbors react. [3]Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the_tables_are_turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch. [4]In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors. The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do. [5]Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists don't know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to “overhear” the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasn't a true, intentional back and forth. [6]Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate (亲密的) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There's a whole lot going on. 32．What does a plant do when it is under attack? A．It makes noises. B．It gets help from other plants. C．It stands quietly. D．It sends out certain chemicals. 33．What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in paragraph 3? A．The attackers get attacked. B．The insects gather under the table. C．The plants get ready to fight back. D．The perfumes attract natural enemies. 34．Scientists find from their studies that plants can ________. A．predict natural disasters B．protect themselves against insects C．talk to one another intentionally D．help their neighbors when necessary 35．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．The world is changing faster than ever. B．People have stronger senses than before. C．The world is more complex than it seems. D．People in Darwin's time were more imaginative. [策略指导] (一)这样读文 第 1 步：宏观把握文章大意 分层 抓关键句 概括层意 行文结构 第 1 段 第 1 段画波浪线部分 植物被攻击时，会释放出易挥发的有 引出话题 机化合物 第 2～5 段 第 2～5 段画波浪线部分 植物能保护自己免受昆虫的伤害，并 会在受袭击时警示附近的植物，但还 不能证实植物是否会相互交谈 深入分析 第 6 段 第 6 段画波浪线部分 世界远比人类所感知的复杂 总结 第 2 步：微观突破理解障碍 [尝试翻译] 植物释放到空气中的是一种被称作挥发性有机化合物的混合化学物，简称 VOC。 (二)这样做题 [名师解题] 32．细节理解题。选 D 根据第一段的“young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant”可知，当植物受到攻击时，它会产生一些化学物质。故选 D 项。 33．句意理解题。选 A 根据第三段中的“The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.”可知，正吃午餐的袭击者变成了午餐，也就是袭击者被攻击了。故选 A 项。 34．细节理解题。选 B 根据第三段中的“Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty.”可知，植物能保护自己抵抗昆虫。故选 B 项。 35．推理判断题。选 C 根据最后一段中的“imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate (亲密的) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak.”可推知，世界比它 显现出来的更加复杂。故选 C 项。 [阅读理解系列技法 3] 句意理解题——从字面意义到内涵意义 做句意理解题时，通常需要考生猜测意思的是一个具有概括性的句子或是格言、谚语等， 要求考生通过阅读文章，用合适的语句对其进行解释。要想准确猜测句子的意义，首先要尽 可能地翻译“字面意义”，在词汇量不够的情况下，充分挖掘字面意义。然后根据上下文， 结合背景知识，进行综合分析。把“字面意义”与“综合分析”相结合，最终得出该句在文 中最准确的内涵意义。 例如第 33 题，字面意义为“桌子被反转”，根据上下文可知，此句话的真正含义是“正 吃午餐的袭击者变成了午餐”，也就是“袭击者被攻击了”。 (三)这样积累 1．pump v． 涌出 2．perfume n. 香味 3．relatively adv. 相对地 4．intentional adj. 有意的，故意的 5．under attack 受到攻击 6．send out 发出；发送；散布 7．design to do 计划做某事 8．in effect 有效；实际上