2018届北师大版选修8一轮复习：Unit24Society单元学案（20页）

2018届北师大版选修8一轮复习：Unit24Society单元学案（20页）

Ⅰ.高考单词→识记·思考·运用 ‎1.核心词汇 ‎①________n.重担，负担 ‎②________vt.&vi.辞职 ‎③________vt.着手做，从事 ‎④________n.判决 ‎⑤preserve vt.保存，保管________n.维护，保存 ‎⑥edit vt.编辑，校订________n.编辑，校订者________n.版，版本 ‎⑦volunteer v.自愿做 n.志愿者________adj.自愿的 ‎⑧abundant adj.大量的________n.大量 ‎⑨sign v.签名；打手势 n.招牌；迹象；符号________n.签名 ‎⑩govern vt.统治，管理________n.统治者，总督________n.政府 ‎⑪adjust vt.调整，调节vi.使适应________n.调整，调节 ‎⑫elect vt.选举，推选________n.选举；当选；选择权 ‎⑬mercy n.宽容，仁慈________adj.宽大的，仁慈的 ‎⑭rot vt.&vi.腐烂；腐朽n.腐败________adj.腐烂的 ‎⑮thirst n.口渴________adj.口渴的 ‎⑯contain vt.包含；装有；容纳；控制________n.容器；集装箱 ‎⑰consequent adj.作为结果的；必然的________adv.所以，因此________n.结果，后果 答案　①burden　②resign　③undertake　④sentence　⑤preservation　⑥editor；edition　⑦voluntary ⑧abundance　⑨signature　⑩governor；government　⑪adjustment　⑫election　⑬merciful　⑭rotten　⑮thirsty　⑯container　⑰consequently；consequence ‎2.常考词汇 ‎①accumulate v.________‎ ‎②vacant adj.________‎ ‎③diverse adj.________‎ ‎④delete vt.________‎ ‎⑤shrink vi.________‎ ‎⑥virtue n.________‎ ‎⑦deposit vt.&vi.________‎ ‎⑧currency n.________‎ ‎⑨revenge n.________‎ ‎⑩fragrant adj.________‎ 答案　①积累　②未住人的，空置的　③各种各样的　④删除 ⑤(使)收缩，缩小　⑥优点，长处　⑦存储，储蓄　⑧货币　⑨复仇，报复　⑩有香味的 用所给单词的适当形式填空 ‎1.The ________(mercy) king saved the young officers from death.‎ ‎2.If you are willing to do ________work，you can be a ________.(voluntary)‎ ‎3.She was a bright and eager student and，________(consequent)，did well in school.‎ ‎4.The wood was so ________(rot) that you could put your finger through it.‎ ‎5.Fruit and vegetables grew in ________(abundant) on the island.‎ ‎6.To ________herself to the study abroad，she had to make some necessary ________to her habits.(adjustment)‎ ‎7.In the latest ________，Mary was ________chairwoman of the Student Union.(elect)‎ ‎8.Please give me a ________.I want to use it to ________some water.(container)‎ ‎9.She used to ________newspapers，and now she is the ________of a dictionary which is now in its sixth ________.(edition)‎ ‎10.I’m really ________and only ice water can quench (解渴) my ________.(thirst)‎ ‎11.He undertook ________(contribute) 5，000 yuan.‎ ‎12.The new ________ is governing the state very well, which makes its ________ well received by people.(govern)‎ 答案　1.merciful　2.voluntary；volunteer　3.consequently　4.rotten 5.abundance　‎ ‎6.adjust；adjustments　7.election；elected　8.container；contain　9.edit；editor；edition　10.thirsty；thirst　11.to contribute　12.governor；government ‎【联想·积累】‎ ‎❶表示“因果”关系的词汇 ‎①as a result of 因为，由于 ‎②therefore 所以 ‎③consequently 因此，所以 ‎④as a result 结果 ‎⑤thus 因此，所以 ‎⑥in consequence 由于 ‎⑦as a consequence 结果 ‎⑧owing/due/thanks to由于 ‎❷由shrink想到的动词 ‎①extend延伸；伸出 ‎②increase增加 ‎③enlarge扩大；放大 ‎④expand扩大；膨胀 ‎⑤decrease减少 ‎⑥reduce减少 ‎❸“再者”过渡词集锦 ‎①moreover再者，此外 ‎②furthermore此外，而且 ‎③besides况且，再说 ‎④in addition此外 ‎⑤what’s more更有甚者 ‎❹virtue相关词汇小结 ‎①optimism乐观 ‎②faith忠诚 ‎③modesty谦虚 ‎④bravery勇敢，勇气 ‎⑤justice正义 ‎⑥diligence勤勉 ‎⑦generosity慷慨 开心词场→核心单词串记 After he resigned from a government department，he volunteered to undertake social work.He was thirsty for shrinking and even abolishing collision in society.As a consequence，he deserved admiration and respect.‎ Ⅱ.重点短语→识记·思考·运用 ‎1.动词＋介词/副词 ‎①contribute ________促进，有助于 ‎②wind sb ________故意惹恼某人 ‎③show ________炫耀，夸耀 ‎④knock ________sb撞上某人；偶然遇到 ‎⑤break ________闯入；突然开始(笑、唱等)‎ ‎⑥sentence sb________death判某人死刑 ‎⑦do away ________废除；摆脱，消灭 答案　①to　②up　③off　④into ⑤into　⑥to　⑦with ‎2.动词＋名词＋介词 ‎①keep an eye ________注意，留意 ‎②play an important role ________...在……中起重要作用 答案　①on　②in ‎3.其他形式 ‎①come into ________形成，存在 ‎②________principle根据原则 ‎③be well/better ________过得好/过得更好 ‎④take...________认真对待……‎ ‎⑤above ________最重要的是；首先 ‎⑥to start ________首先 ‎⑦take...into ________考虑 ‎ 答案　①being　②on　③off ④seriously　⑤all　⑥with ⑦account 用左栏所给短语的适当形式填空 ‎1.As the President’s car arrived，the crowd ____________loud applause.‎ ‎2.The driver lost control of his car and it ____________a tree.‎ ‎3.Children should learn ____________how to observe good manners at table.‎ ‎4.Honesty and hard work ____________success and happiness.‎ ‎5.They ____________those rules at those schools years ago.‎ ‎6.We must ____________the stranger who is looking back and forth all the time.‎ ‎7.The society today offers the young generation more chances to ____________their ‎ talent and skills.‎ ‎8.Do you know when the Great Wall ____________？‎ 答案　1.broke into　2.knocked into　3.above all　4.contribute to　5.did away with　6.keep an eye on　7.show off　8.came into being ‎【联想·积累】‎ ‎❶do相关短语 ‎①do away with 废除；摆脱；消灭 ‎②do harm to对……有害 ‎③do justice to公平对待；适当处理 ‎④do one’s best尽力 ‎⑤do one’s duty尽职责 ‎⑥do one’s hair做头发 ‎⑦do up重新整修；收拾整齐 ‎⑧do without不用 ‎❷eye的相关短语 ‎①keep an eye on留神注意；留意；照看 ‎②have a good eye for对……有鉴赏眼光 ‎③look sb in the eye直视(正视)某人 ‎④catch one’s eye 引起某人注意；吸引某人的目光 Ⅲ.经典句式→识记·思考·运用 原句背诵感悟 ‎1.As a society，it’s high time that we took these issues more seriously.‎ 作为整个社会来讲，到了我们应该更加认真地考虑这些问题的时候了。‎ ‎2.I’d rather you didn’t mention that.‎ 我宁愿你不要提那件事。‎ ‎3.What if some married people have affairs?‎ 要是一些已婚的人有了婚外恋怎么办？‎ ‎4.They were then able to place guards at the entrances of the various hutongs，which made it easier to keep an eye on people’s movements.‎ 然后他们就可以在各个胡同路口设置哨兵，这样更便于监视人们的举动。‎ 句型公式仿写 ‎1.It’s high time that sb did/should do sth“该是某人做某事的时候了”‎ ‎____________________ to preserve the natural resources.‎ 到了我们采取措施保护自然资源的时候了。‎ ‎2.would rather 后接从句时，从句应该用虚拟语气 I’d rather you ____________ him the news that day.‎ 我真希望你那天没有把那个消息告诉他。‎ ‎3.what if “要是……怎么办”‎ ‎____________ it is gong to rain?‎ 要是明天下雨会怎么样呢？‎ ‎4.make＋宾语＋宾语补足语 Rising costs ____________ for us to buy a house in Beijing.‎ 成本不断上涨，对我们来说在北京买所房子很难。‎ 答案　1.It’s high time that we should take/took measures　2.hadn’t told　3.What if　4.made it hard ‎【联想·积累】‎ ‎❶would rather接从句的用法 would rather后常接从句，从句用一般过去时表示对现在或将来的虚拟；用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟。‎ ‎❷What if...？的用法 What if...？意为“如果……将怎么办？”可以看作What will happen if...？的省略形式；还可表示“即使……又有什么关系”，看作是What does it matter if...的省略形式。‎ ‎[单 词 点 睛]‎ 高考必备词汇——精讲精练 ‎1.abundant adj.大量的；丰盛的；充裕的 ‎[高考佳句]Thus，good learning habits can help us gain great learning results including high scores and abundant knowledge.(2013·四川，书面表达)‎ 因此，好的学习习惯可以帮助我们获得好的学习结果，包括高分数和大量的知识。‎ ‎(1)be abundant in富有……；……很丰富 ‎(2)abundance n.丰富 an abundance of丰富的，许多的 in abundance大量；富裕 单句语法填空/写作运用 ‎①If you travel in the sea，you will see ________abundance of marine creatures.‎ ‎②South Africa is a developing country ______________ natural resources.‎ 南非是一个自然资源丰富的发展中国家。‎ ‎③One quality the team possessed ________________ was fighting spirit.‎ 该队的一大特点是斗志昂扬。‎ 答案　①an　②which is abundant in　③in abundance ‎2.elect vt.选举，推选；选择 ‎[高考佳句]Besides，I have such a good command of English that I am elected as assistant to my English teacher.(2015·陕西，书面表达)‎ 此外，我如此精通英语以至于被选为英语老师的助理。‎ elect sb to...选举某人进入……‎ elect sb(as/to be)...选举某人为……‎ elect to do sth选择做某事 单句语法填空 ‎①She became the first black woman to be elected ________the Senate.‎ ‎②Employees may elect ________(take) their pensions in monthly payments or as single lump sum.‎ 答案　①to　②to take ‎3.undertake v.着手做；从事；承担；许诺 ‎[高考佳句]To do so，it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.(2015·江苏，阅读C)‎ 要做到这一点，了解人们为什么从事志愿工作，为什么有兴趣做，应该对此有帮助。‎ undertake＋n./pron.承担……‎ undertake to do...着手做……，答应做……‎ undertake that...答应……‎ undertake for...为……负责 单句语法填空 ‎①I will undertake ________(feed)your dogs while you are away.‎ ‎②We’ll undertake ________ your security while you are visiting our country.‎ 答案　①to feed　②for ‎4.sentence n.& vt.判决；宣判；判刑 ‎[教材原句]In the USA in the last 100 years，23 men have been wrongly sentenced to death and there are doubts about 400 other cases.‎ 在美国，在过去的100年里，23人已被错误地判处死刑，有另外400件案例遭质疑。‎ ‎(1)serve a sentence服刑 pass/give sentence on sb 给某人判刑 a death/life sentence死刑/无期徒刑 ‎(2)sentence sb to sth给某人判……刑(常用被动语态)‎ be sentenced to death/three years in prison被判死刑/三年徒刑 单句语法填空 ‎①The judge will pass sentence ________ the murderer tomorrow after looking at the report.‎ ‎②Jack was sentenced ________ three years ________ prison for his part in the crime.‎ 答案　①on　②to；in 常考必会词汇——理解辨认 ‎1.burden n.负担，重担 vt.(使)担负(沉重或艰难的任务、职责等)‎ ‎[高考佳句]The more fat you take in before bedtime，the greater burden you will put on your body at night.(2016·四川，阅读D)‎ 你就寝之前摄入脂肪越多，在晚上你的身体负担会更大。‎ 单句语法填空/写作运用 ‎①His invalid father is becoming a burden ________him.‎ ‎②Why do you burden yourself ________your sister’s dog? ‎ ‎③Some parents complain that their children ________________.‎ 有些家长抱怨他们孩子的家庭作业繁重。‎ 答案　①to/on　②with　③are burdened with heavy homework ‎2.resign vt.& vi.辞职，辞去；使顺从 ‎[教材原句]His boss insisted that he work longer hours so he resigned.‎ 他的老板坚持要他更长时间地工作，所以他辞职了。‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①She resigned from the committee.‎ ‎＝She resigned ________ a member of the committee.‎ ‎②You must resign yourself to ________(wait)a bit longer.‎ 答案　①as　②waiting ‎3.cast v.掷；抛；投 ‎[经典例句]The storm cast the little rowboat onto the rocks.风暴把这条小划艇抛到岩石上 写出下列句中cast的词性和词义 ‎①He was cast as the most important role in the play.‎ ‎②The cast of the play included an international star.‎ ‎③She cast her eyes down to avoid direct eye contact.‎ 答案　①v.扮演　②n.全体演员　③v.垂下 ‎[短 语 点 拨]‎ ‎1.come into being形成，存在 ‎[教材原句]If laws such as these came into being，a huge adjustment would be required and there would certainly be diverse reactions.‎ 如果像这样的法律能够形成的话，社会将需要作巨大的调整，而人们的反应也一定会各有不同。‎ come into existence开始存在，建立，产生 come into effect/force生效 come into use开始使用 come into power掌权 come into sight/view看见；进入视野 come into fashion开始流行 单句语法填空/单句改错/写作运用 ‎①The new tax regulations came ________effect/force last month.‎ ‎②The newly－elected president will come into the power next month.‎ ‎③When did the term of “new－new people” ____________________？‎ ‎“新新人类”一词是什么时候出现的呢？‎ 答案　①into　②去掉第二个the　③come into being/existence ‎ 【名师指津】　come into being为不及物动词短语，没有被动语态形式。‎ ‎2.show off炫耀，夸耀；卖弄；显示 ‎[教材原句]Nobody has any desire to show off and gold and silver have no value—unlike in our society.‎ 没有人有任何欲望去炫耀，而且金和银没有价值——这与我们的社会不同。‎ ‎(1)show sb around/in/out领某人参观/进来/出去 show up出席，露面；暴露 ‎(2)(be) on show＝(be) on display在展出 单句语法填空 ‎①We were waiting for him all the afternoon but he failed to show ________.‎ ‎②We were shown ________ London by an elderly guide.‎ ‎③Quite a number of world－famous paintings are ________ show in this exhibition.‎ 答案　①up　②around　③on ‎3.knock into sb 撞上某人 ‎[教材原句]There is a car accident there at least once a week and today I nearly knocked into somebody crossing the road.‎ 那里每周至少有一起车祸发生，我今天差点撞上一个正在过马路的人。‎ knock down/over撞倒；打倒；拆除 knock at (on)敲(门、窗、墙等)‎ knock out撞出；敲击 knock off减价；中断，停止 单句语法填空 ‎①He would almost knock ________ me before he saw me.‎ ‎②Jim was knocked ________ by a bus，but not seriously hurt.‎ ‎③Let’s knock ________ work early and go to watch the football game.‎ 答案　①into　②down/over　③off ‎【名师指津】　knock into表示“撞上”时，相当于run into；表示“遇上”时，相当于come across，meet with或meet by chance。‎ ‎【巧学助记】‎ ‎[句 式 透 析]‎ ‎1.What if some married people have affairs? ‎ 如果有些已婚人士有婚外情怎么办呢？‎ ‎(1)What if...？此处意为“如果……怎么办？”，可看作“What shall we/I do if...？”‎ 的省略形式。what if 用于提出假设，其后句子可用陈述语气(一般现在时)，也可用虚拟语气(一般过去时或“should＋动词原形”)。‎ 写作运用 ‎①____________________ to leave Thailand?‎ 如果他不同意离开泰国怎么办？‎ ‎②____________________ that you lied to her?‎ 要是她发现你对她撒谎了怎么办？‎ ‎(2)What if...？还可意为“即使……又有什么关系？”，此时可看作是“What does it matter if...？”的省略形式。‎ ‎③____________________ to his birthday party?‎ 即使他不邀请我去参加他的生日聚会又有什么关系？‎ ‎(3)What if...？还可用于表示邀请或建议，意为“如果……怎么样？”或“如果……如何？”。‎ ‎④____________________ the sofa over there? Would that look better?‎ 要是我们把沙发挪到那边去会怎样？看上去会不会好一些？‎ 答案　①What if he disagrees　②What if she found out　③What if he doesn’t invite me　④What if we moved ‎2.They were then able to place guards at the entrances of the various hutongs，which made it easier to keep an eye on people’s movements.‎ 然后他们就可以在各个胡同路口设置哨兵，这样更便于监视人们的举动。‎ ‎(1)在which引导的定语从句中，其结构是“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”。it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语to keep an eye on people’s movements。‎ 单句语法填空/单句改错/写作运用 ‎①The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier，not to make that more difficult.‎ ‎(2)在“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”这一结构中，宾语补足语可以由名词、形容词、过去分词、不定式等来充当。‎ ‎②People in the West make it a rule ________(buy) Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.‎ ‎③We have ________________，for he is more capable of dealing with tough issues.‎ 我们选他为班长，因为他更有能力处理棘手的问题。‎ 答案　①that→it　②to buy　③made him our monitor ‎【名师指津】　‎ ‎(1)在“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”这一结构中，当“独一无二的官衔”的名词作补足语时，名词前无冠词。‎ ‎(2)在英语中，动词let，make，have，feel，listen to，look at，notice，observe，see，watch，hear等后要跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。‎ 课堂作业 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1.Yu Fang insisted that she ________(be) tired and was willing to stay the night but I insisted that she ________(go) at once.‎ ‎2.He spoke so clearly as to make himself ________(understand).‎ ‎3.I don’t want to be a burden ________ my children when I’m old.‎ ‎4.With the announcement，the principle made ________ clear when and where the ‎ graduation party would be held.‎ ‎5.Employees may elect ________(take) their pensions in monthly payments or as single lump sum.‎ ‎6.I’d rather you ________(tell)him the news that day.‎ ‎7.His wife died and he resigned himself to ________(live) alone.‎ ‎8.He likes to show ________ how well he speaks French.‎ ‎9.It is bad manners to show ________ your knowledge and cleverness.‎ ‎10.Vitamin B12 can be found ________ abundance in eggs，meat，fish，poultry and dairy.‎ 答案　1.was；(should) go　2.understood　3.on/to 4.it　5.to take　6.hadn’t told　‎ ‎7.living　8.off　9.off 10.in Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1.Jack has just bought another new car; he must be very good off.‎ ‎2.I’d rather we have a rest now.‎ ‎3.Don’t take it serious—he was only teasing.‎ ‎4.A volcano in Indonesia erupted on November the 16th，2010，and consequent，hundreds of people were killed.‎ ‎5.New technologies have made this possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.‎ ‎6.He failed all his attempts and now he has to resign his fate.‎ ‎7.He was elected (as/to be) the chairman of the Student Union at school.‎ ‎8.We had to break in the house because we had lost the key.‎ 答案　1.good→well　2.have→had　3.serious→seriously　‎ ‎4.consequent→consequently　5.this→it　6.resign后加to　7.去掉第一个the　‎ ‎8.in→into Ⅲ.课文缩写语法填空 Many of us in developed societies are trapped 1.________ a spending circle.We work hard so that we can earn more money.When we have more money，we spend more and because we spend more，we have to work even harder.But 2.________(strange) enough，3.________ more money we earn，the less often we see it.Instead，we start putting our signatures on credit cards and 4.________ (spend) money we don’t even have.Besides，we’re all taxpayers so the more we earn the more tax we have to pay to those 5.________ govern us.6.________，the circle goes round and round and gets more and more complicated.‎ In this spending circle，7.________ the one hand，we accumulate possessions but never feel like we have enough.On the other hand，we work towards the ownership of bigger and 8.________ (good) houses and cars and never have time to enjoy them.Instead，they feel like a burden because every month we have to hand over most of the money we earn 9.________ (pay) for them.And the result of all this is obvious.Not increased happiness，10.________ stress and less free time to be ourselves and enjoy being with our friends and families.‎ 答案　1.in　2.strangely　3.the　4.spending　5.who　6.Thus　7.on　8.better　9.to pay　10.but Ⅳ.单元考点作文串记 一、根据提示翻译句子 ‎1.李华被指控闯入一家超市，据说他在那儿偷了很多珠宝，被判处三年监禁。(be charged with，break into，abundant，jewelry，be sentenced to) ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________‎ ‎2.李华以前是个好孩子，曾被选为班里的班长。(used to，elect)‎ ‎________________________________________________________________‎ ‎3.后来他在网吧迷上了电脑游戏，染上了很多恶习。(diverse)‎ ‎________________________________________________________________‎ ‎4.是电脑游戏导致了这场悲剧。(it was...that)‎ ‎________________________________________________________________‎ ‎5.政府是时候取缔这样的坏网吧了。(It’s high time that...，ban)‎ ‎________________________________________________________________‎ 答案　1.Li Hua was charged with breaking into a supermarket.It is said that he stole abundant jewelry.He was sentenced to three years in prison.‎ ‎2.He used to be a good boy and was elected monitor in his class.‎ ‎3.Later he was addicted to computer games in the net bar and picked up diverse bad habits.‎ ‎4.It was the computer games that led to the tragedy.‎ ‎5.It is high time that the government banned such bad net bars.‎ 二、加入适当过渡词，连句成篇 ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎【参考范文】‎ Li Hua was charged with breaking into a supermarket，where it is said that he stole abundant jewelry.Finally，he was sentenced to three years in prison.He used to be a good boy and was elected monitor in his class.But later he was addicted to computer games in the net bar and picked up diverse bad habits.It was the computer games that led to the tragedy.So it is high time that the government banned such bad net bars.‎ 课下作业 Ⅰ.阅读七选五 Ancient Calendars Heavenly bodies—the Sun, the Moon, planets, and stars—have helped us to measure the passage of time.__1__‎ We know little about the details of measuring and recording the passage of time in prehistoric times.__2__Ice－age hunters in Europe over 20，000 years ago scratched lines and made holes in sticks and bones，possibly counting the days between cycles of the Moon.5，000 years ago, the Sumerians had an advanced calendar that divided the year into 30－day months, and divided the day into 12 periods.__3__‎ The earliest Egyptian calendar was based on the Moon’s cycles.But later the Egyptians discovered a new law.The “Dog Star” rose next to the Sun every 365 days, about when the yearly flooding of the River Nile began.__4__ It seems to be one of the earliest years recorded in history.‎ Before 2000 BC, the Babylonians used a year of 12 alternating (交替的) 29－day and 30－day months, giving a 354－day year according to the movement of the Moon.In contrast, the Mayans of Central America had more references.__5__Based on the cycles of these different planets，the Mayans established 260－day and 365－day calendars.Our present civilization has adopted a 365－day solar calendar with a leap year (闰年) occurring every fourth year.‎ A.Each of these periods was then divided into 30 parts.‎ B.Large mechanical clocks began to appear in some Italian cities.‎ C.They relied not only on the Sun and the Moon, but also the planet Venus.‎ D.These advances in design were early models of truly accurate timekeeping.‎ E.Based on this knowledge, they created a 365－day calendar around 3100 BC.‎ F.Ancient calendars were determined by observing the movement of these bodies.‎ G.However, we discover that in every culture some people were interested in timekeeping.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章介绍了古代人采用的不同历法。‎ ‎1.F　[根据本空上一句内容可推测，既然天体可以帮助人们计时，那么“古代历法”也应该跟“这些天体”有关。F项中的these bodies指代的就是本空上一句中的Heavenly bodies。]‎ ‎2.G　[本空前说我们对史前人们如何计时的细节知之甚少，本空后却介绍了古代人采用的不同历法，因此本空应该是对上文的转折(However)，并与下文衔接，说明“各个文化中都有人对计时感兴趣”。]‎ ‎3.A　[A项中的periods, divided与本空上一句内容呼应，是对上一句的补充。]‎ ‎4.E　[根据本空上一句中的every 365 days可推测，古埃及人创造了一年“365天的历法”。]‎ ‎5.C　[根据本空上一句内容可知，玛雅人比巴比伦人有更多的参照物，也就是说“他们不仅依靠太阳和月亮，还依靠金星”计时。]‎ Ⅱ.语法填空 While driving alone through the countryside, Linda saw an old woman by the side of the road, reaching out her hand.__1__was getting dark and raining.“I can’t leave her out in this weather，” Linda said to herself, so she stopped the car.‎ ‎“Shall I offer you __2__lift？” Linda asked.The old woman nodded and climbed into the car.After a while Linda asked, “Have you waited for long？” The old woman shook her head.__3__(strange) enough, the old woman didn’t say a single word all the way.Her only __4__(respond) was always a nod of the head or something else like that.‎ Then Linda saw the lady’s hands, __5__were very large and covered with thick hair.She realized __6__the lady was a man! After __7__(stop) the car, Linda said, “I can’t see that mirror.Would you mind cleaning it __8__me？” The lady nodded and opened the door.As soon as the “lady” was out of the car, Linda drove off quickly.‎ When Linda arrived home, she found that the old lady __9__(leave) a handbag on the backseat.She opened it and let out a deep breath.Inside it __10__(be) two sharp knives!‎ 答案　1.It　[考查代词。设空处指代时间和天气，故填It。]‎ ‎2.a　[考查冠词。offer sb a lift意为“让某人搭便车”]。‎ ‎3.Strangely　[考查副词。设空处在句中作状语，修饰整个句子，需用strange的副词形式。]‎ ‎4.response　[考查名词。设空处在句中作主语，需用respond的名词形式。]‎ ‎5.which　[考查关系词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句修饰the lady’s hands，且在从句中作主语，故填which。]‎ ‎6.that　[考查连接词。设空处引导宾语从句且从句意义及成分均完整，故填that。]‎ ‎7.stopping　[考查动词－ing形式作宾语的用法。Linda与stop之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且设空处作After的宾语，故填stopping。]‎ ‎8.for　[考查介词。设空处意为“为”，故填for。]‎ ‎9.had left　‎ ‎[考查过去完成时。leave表示的动作发生在主句谓语动作found之前，是“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。]‎ ‎10.were　[考查倒装与主谓一致。这是一个完全倒装句，主语是后面的two sharp knives，谓语动词要用复数形式。]‎ Ⅲ.短文改错 Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen! Welcome to this year’s English speech competition. Take part in English speech competitions is helpful way to learn English. When we full prepare for the competition, we can improve our abilities to listen and speak and developed a good habit of reading. There’re some rules, to that you should pay special attention in the process of the competition. First, you should finish your speech in five minute. Second, you should try your best to express you in English fluently. Finally, you should have a good English pronounce. I hope everybody shows off your speech talent or make friends with each other.‎ Thank you!‎ 答案　‎ Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen! Welcome to this year’s English speech competition. part in English speech competitions is helpful way to learn English. When we prepare for the competition, we can improve our abilities to listen and speak and a good habit of reading. There’re some rules, to you should pay special attention in the process of the competition. First, you should finish your speech in five . Second, you should try your best to express in English fluently. Finally, you should have a good English . I hope everybody shows your speech talent make friends with each other.‎ Thank you!‎ Ⅳ.书面表达 你校英文报开辟了Chinese Idioms专栏。请根据以下提示写一篇英语短文介绍“江郎才尽”的故事及其寓意并向该栏目投稿。‎ 江郎才尽 南北朝时期有一个叫江淹的文人(man of letters)。他年轻时勤奋且才华出众，写得一手好诗文；然而后来获得名声和地位后，江淹不再努力，诗文大不如从前，人们因此说“江郎才尽”。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；‎ ‎3.短文的开头已给出，不计入总词数。‎ I want to introduce a famous Chinese idiom—Jiang Lang Cai Jin.‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎【参考范文】‎ I_want_to_introduce__a__famous__Chinese__idiom—Jiang__Lang__Cai__Jin.‎ During the period of Southern and Northern Dynasties, there was a man of letters named Jiang Yan.When he was young, Jiang Yan worked hard and could write beautiful poems and essays.However, several years later, his success prevented him from making progress.As a result, his poems and essays were not as good as his earlier ones and people around him said Jiang Lang Cai Jin，which meant Jiang Yan had used up his talent.‎ Jiang Yan’s story tells us that after success, we should be modest and make constant efforts so that we can achieve greater success.‎