【英语】2018届二轮复习语法主谓一致学案

【英语】2018届二轮复习语法主谓一致学案

二轮复习语法主谓一致学案 学习重点、难点：‎ ‎1.回顾前面学过的名词（可数与不可数、集体名词及其修饰词）和代词（不定代词）‎ ‎2.找出句中作主语的中心词（排除介词干扰）‎ ‎3.从句、非谓语作主语以及一些特殊的句式 课前预习：《名师导学》p198-199‎ 考点归纳：‎ 考点一 ‎   1. Dr. Smith，together with his wife and daughters, ______（visit）Beijing this summer.      ‎ ‎   解析：该句主语的中心词是Dr. Smith，所以谓语动词用单数形式；再根据状语this summer可知用一般将来时。答案为is going to visit。‎ ‎  2. The father as well as his three children_ _____（go）skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter. ‎ ‎    解析：C。as well as his three children在句中充当主语的修饰成分，真正主语是The father，表示单数概念；every Sunday暗示该句是一般现在时。答案为goes。    3. Professor Smith，along with his assistants，______(work)on the project day and night to meet the deadline.    ‎ ‎  解析：该句真正主语是Professor Smith，谓语动词与它保持一致用单数。答案为is working。‎ ‎   4.Many a student are running on the playground. ‎ ‎ is ‎5.More students than one is required to finish the task. ‎ ‎ are 自我归纳：在“名词／代词+介宾结构+谓语+……”结构中，谓语动词与名词／代词保持一致，介宾结构看作修饰成分。该结构中的常见介词有with／together with／along with／as well as／like／rather than／more than／but／except／besides／including／in addition to等。‎ 考点二 ‎      1. The population of Jiangsu ______(grow)to more than twice what it was in 1949. The f igure is now approaching 74 million. ‎ ‎        解析：population构成短语作主语时谓语用单数形式(但population再被分数或百分数修饰时则谓语动词要用复数形式)。答案为has grown。  2. The teacher together with the students ______（be）discussing Reading Skills that ______ (be)newly published in America. ‎ ‎     解析：该句真正主语是The teacher，与together with the students无关，所以第一空谓语动词用单数形式；第二空that引导定语从句作主语指代先行词Reading Skills(书名)，所以谓语也用单数形式。答案为is；was   3. A survey of the opinions of experts ______（show）that three hours of outdoor exercise a week ______(be)good for one's health.    ‎ ‎     解析：第一空主语是单数可数名词a survey；第二空主语是three hours，两个谓语均为单数。答案为shows；is。    4. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ______ （not decide）yet.   ‎ ‎  解析：“疑问词+动词不定式”作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。答案为has not been decided。‎ ‎5. What we need is good teachers. ‎ ‎     are ‎6. More than twenty years has passed since we graduated. ‎ ‎ have ‎ 7. Four hours are enough to do the work. is 自我归纳:：当单数可数名词／不可数名词／复合不定代词／单个不定式(疑问词+不定式)、动名词或主语从句／“时间、价值、重量、距离、书名”等作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。      但what引导的主语从句所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。  如果强调数目，谓语动词用复数。‎ 考点三 ‎ 1. As a result of the serious flood，two-thirds of the buildings in the area ______（need ）repairing.   ‎ ‎  解析：分数构成短语作主语时，谓语动词取决于of后的名词或代词。答案为need。‎ ‎ 2. Most of what has been said about the Smiths ______（be）also true of the Johnsons.     ‎ ‎ 解析：Most of构成短语作主语时，谓语取决于of后名词或代词，该句what has been said about the Smiths指抽象概念，所以谓语用单数。答案为is。‎ ‎  3.Plenty of the graduates _______(send) to the mountain areas as voluntary teachers recent years. ‎ ‎ 解析：Plenty of the graduates后接可数名词，谓语用复数形式，答案为have been sent ‎4.The rest of the book remain untouched. ‎ ‎ remains ‎5.Part of the audience was excited. ‎ ‎ were 自我归纳: all／a lot／plenty／part／the rest／most等+of+名词作主语以及分数／百分数构成短语作主语时，谓语动词单复数形式取决于of后的名词或从句。表示复数概念用复数动词；表示单数概念用单数动词。‎ 考点四 ‎ 1. The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities ______（be）rising steadily since 1990.   ‎ 解析：the number of构成短语作主语时表示“……的数目”，谓语动词用单数形式。答案为has been。   2. Nowadays，a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, ______（work）in the clothing industry. ‎ ‎   解析：a number of构成短语作主语时表示“许多”，谓语动词用复数形式。答案为work。‎ ‎ 3.A great deal of petrol are wasted. ‎ ‎ is ‎4. A total of ten thousand dollars was donated last month. were ‎5.The total of dollars donated last month were 100,000 dollars. ‎ ‎ was 自我归纳: a number of／an average of／a total of等构成短语作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；而the number of／the average of／the total of等构成短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。      “a great (large)／small number of, many, a few, a good (great) many +可数名词复数”‎ 的结构作主语时，谓语动词常用复数。a little，much，a great deal of, a large amount of只能修饰不可数名词，其谓语动词用单数形式。 ‎ 考点五 ‎ 1. At present, one of the arguments in favor of the new airport ______（be）that it will bring a lot jobs to the area. ‎ ‎  解析：该句是one of结构充当主语，所以谓语动词用单数形式。答案为is。‎ ‎ 2. My father was one of the managers in the office that ______（invite）to attend the meeting last week.    解析：该定语从句的先行词是one of the managers，其中心词是the managers，所以定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式。答案为were invited。  3. He is the only one of the students who _____(be) a winner of scholarship for three years. ‎ ‎  解析：他是唯一一个已获三年奖学金的学生。定语从句的先行词是the only one，而不是students。该句表示已经完成，答案为has been 。‎ ‎  4.Tom is the very one of the students who have the most question to ask. ‎ ‎ has 自我归纳: “one of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。但“one of+名词”充当先行词(关系代词作主语)时，定语从句中的谓语动词常用复数形式；而the only／right／very one of+名词+关系代词+谓语时，谓语动词用单数。‎ 考点六 ‎   1. Either you or one of your students ______(be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.     ‎ ‎     解析：该句主语由either...or...连接，根据就近一致原则，谓语动词与one of your students保持一致，而作主语时谓语一般用单数形式。答案为is.  2. Either you or the headmaster ______（hand out）the prize to the gifted students at the meeting.   解析：Either...or...连接并列主语you和headmaster，根据就近原则谓语与headmaster一致，该句是将来时态。答案为is to hand out ‎  3. Not only I but also Tom and Mary is fond of watching television. ‎ ‎ are ‎4.Not you but I are responsible for the accident. ‎ ‎ am 自我归纳: either...or...／neither...nor...／not only...but also...／not...but...／or等连接并列主语时，谓语动词要就近选择。 ‎ 考点七 ‎      1. —Why does the lake smell terrible?        —Because large quantities of water______(pollute).   ‎ ‎         解析：该句是quantities of构成的短语作主语，所以谓语动词用复数。答案为have been polluted。    2. As a result of destroying the forests，a large quantity of desert ______（cover） the land. ‎ ‎   解析：由于a quantity of后面加的是不可数名词，所以谓语动词用单数形式。答案为has covered ‎3.A pair of teenage boys was smoking cigarettes. ‎ ‎ were ‎4.The red pair of shoes are for me. ‎ ‎ is 自我归纳: pairs of／amounts of／quantities of等构成短语作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；而a pair of／an amount of／a series of构成短语作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式(a quantity of构成短语作主语时，谓语由of后的名词来定)。      当a pair(of)作“两个人”，“一对夫妇”解时，谓语动词常用复数，有时也可用单数。 ‎ 考点八 ‎      1. —Did you go to the show last night?         —Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area ______（invite）.   ‎ ‎        解析：and连接并列名词并且被every等修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。该句状语是last night，所以用一般过去时。答案为was invited  2. A poet and artist_ _____（be）coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.   ‎ ‎    解析：。a poet and artist指这个人既是诗人又是画家。所以谓语动词用单数形式；根据状语tomorrow afternoon可知答案为 is。‎ ‎  3.Every man and every woman are at work.‎ ‎ is ‎4.Many a desk and many a bench are to be taken out of the hall. ‎ ‎ is ‎5.The tenth and the last chapter was written by his father. ‎ ‎ were 自我归纳: and连接并列主语表示同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式(Fish and chips is a popular supper. 炸鱼土豆片是一种很受欢迎的晚餐。)；表示不同概念时谓语动词常用复数形式；此外，由each...and (each)...，every...and(every)...，many a...and (many a)...，no...and no...等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。         由and连接的两个带冠词单数名词有修饰语，表示复数概念时，谓语动词用复数形式。 ‎ 考点九 ‎1.My family _____(be) big and now _______(be) at table. ‎ 答案：is/are ‎2.Usually,in our area the police comes immediately after an accident, and the ‎ ‎ come injured is sent to hospital at once. ‎ ‎ are ‎3.There _____(be) four people in the classroom. ‎ ‎ 答案：are 自我归纳: cattle／police／people／clothes／goods以及复数可数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。      定冠词与形容词或分词连用作主语时，如果指“人”，谓语动词常用复数；如果指“物”，谓语动词常用单数；但也有少数的形容词或过去分词与定冠词连用指个别或表示抽象的概念时，谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎     单复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常根据句意来确定。常见的这类词有deer／fish ‎／means/sheep/species／works等。      集合名词作主语表示整体概念谓语动词用单数；表示分体概念谓语动词用复数。常见的集合名词有family/government/public/audience等。 ‎ 巩固提高 一、《名师导学》专练 二、短文改错 Some warm-blooded animals lead their usually life in winter. But a cold-blooded ‎ ‎ usual creature such as a frog or a snake has no choice but∧ hibernate. Its blood ‎ ‎ to temperature drops to just over 0℃. It breathe only once every five minutes, and the ‎ ‎ breathes movements of its heart and lungs are great reduced. So you see, hibernation is more ‎ ‎ greatly than sleep. That it is to say, it is a very deep sleep. The fat storing in the body of an ‎ ‎ 去掉 stored animal are enough to supply the energy for the greatly reduced movements. Some ‎ ‎ is animals, included some bears, only half hibernate. Their winter sleep isn't so ‎ ‎ including deeply. They can keep up their usual body temperature ‎ deep and the thick covering of fat and fur help to keep the cold out. ‎ ‎ Helps