2019届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit4Earthquakes单元学案（15页word版）

2019届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit4Earthquakes单元学案（15页word版）

‎2019届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit4Earthquakes单元学案 单元基础知识过关复习 Ⅰ.多项选择 ‎1．(2014·当阳高三月考)As its name ________， the Volunteer Farm relies on volunteers to weed, plant and harvest.‎ A.suggests　　　　　　　　　 B．ruins C．predicts D．possesses ‎2．(2014·湖北十堰高三联考)Accidental deaths have decreased obviously since the police launched a ________ to reduce road accidents.‎ A．event B．battle C．fight D．campaign ‎3．Jewish Americans are ________ successful in the fields of business, entertainment and science.Twentyfive percent of the 400 wealthiest Americans are Jewish Americans.‎ A．completely B．extremely C.eventually D．unconditionally ‎4．(2014·湖北十堰联考)You will ________ your chances of getting a pay rise if you don’t work harder than others.‎ A．injure B．wound C．harm D．ruin ‎5．(2014·杭州高三质检)It is reported that ________ of this week the price will have risen by about 10%. ‎ A．by the end B．at the end ‎ C．in the end D．at an end ‎6．(2013·南昌二模)Thanks to the great efforts by netizens and the journalists’ determination to ________ the truth, anticorruption has been accelerating.‎ A．take out B．check out C．pick out D．dig out ‎7．(2014·山西太原五中模拟)Some parents are just too protective. They want to ________ their kids from every kind of danger, real or imagined.‎ A．spot B．dismiss C．shelter D．distinguish ‎8．Pictures on TV show the earthquakehit city ________ to ruins and helpless survivors waiting eagerly for relief.‎ A．decreased B．destroyed C．returned D．reduced ‎9．We experience so many things in all our life, but we only remember those big ________ clearly.‎ A．affairs B．events C．matters D．incidents ‎10．Many public advertisements are broadcast on TV to ________ the massage that we should be friendly to environment.‎ A．get over B．get across C．get along D．get away Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎1．(2014·湖北十堰联考)Having stayed in hospital for two months, he felt ________________________ from the outside ‎ world.(cut)‎ 他在医院住了两个月的院，感觉自己像与世隔绝了一样。‎ ‎2．(2014·黄冈市高三期末)Maria has written two novels, ________________________ into television series.(make)‎ Maria已经写了两部小说，这两部小说都已经被制作成了电视剧。‎ ‎3．The rescue team has saved more than thirty people ______________________________ since the earthquake occurred.(trap)‎ 自从地震发生以来，救援队已经救出了三十多个被困在垮塌建筑物下的人。‎ ‎4．I was about to go shopping ________________________ my house.(burst)‎ 我正要出去购物，突然一个陌生人闯进我的房子。‎ ‎5．The police are searching for the murderer with ________________________.(lead)‎ 由狗在前带路，警方正在搜索那个杀人犯。‎ ‎6．Be careful because the ice is __________________ your weight.(support) ‎ 当心，因为冰太薄了承受不了你的重量。‎ ‎7．I just wouldn’t like to ________________________ by this failure as well.(frustrate)‎ 我只是不想让你们也因为这次失败而觉得沮丧。‎ ‎8．The nation ________________________ the news that the famous film star was killed in the accident.(shock)‎ 全国人民对那个著名电影明星死于车祸的消息感到很震惊。‎ ‎9．As far as I know, never before in history ___________________ so completely.(destroy)‎ 据我所知，历史上从来没有一个城市被如此彻底的摧毁。‎ ‎10．It was at the bookstore around the corner ________________ this dictionary, and I took it on the spot.(spot)‎ 我是在拐角的那家书店看到这本词典的，我当场就买了。‎ 答 案 Ⅰ.1.选A　考查动词辨析。句意：正如它的名字所暗示的，志愿者农场依靠志愿者来除草、种植和收获。suggest意为“暗示”，符合题意。ruins意为“毁坏(……的名声)”；predict意为“预计”；possess意为“拥有”。‎ ‎2．选D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：自从警察开展减少道路交通事故的运动以来，意外死亡已经明显降低。launch a campaign“开展一场运动”，符合句意。event“(尤指重要、有意思或不寻常的)事件”；battle“战役”；fight“战斗”。‎ ‎3．选B　考查副词词义辨析。句意：犹太裔美国人在商业、娱乐和科学领域极其成功，在400个最富有的美国人中，有25%是犹太裔美国人。extremely“极其；极度”，符合句意。completely“完全地”；eventually“终于；最终”；unconditionally“无条件地”。‎ ‎4．选D　考查动词词义辨析。ruin可用其引申含义，意为“毁坏”，此时其宾语通常是health, fame, chance等。injure侧重身体上的伤害；wound侧重战场上的刀伤、枪伤等；harm指“对……有害”。‎ ‎5．选A　考查短语的用法。“by the end of＋将来时间”‎ 时，谓语动词用将来完成时。‎ ‎6．选D　考查动词短语辨析。句意：由于网民的努力和记者挖掘真相的决心，反腐工作加快了。dig out“找出；发掘”，符合句意。take out“获得”；check out“核实；检查(是否一切正常)”；pick out“精心挑选”。‎ ‎7．选C　考查动词词义辨析。根据前一句中的内容可知父母想给孩子提供“庇护”，让他们避免各种危险，无论是真实的还是想象的。spot“认出；发现”；dismiss“开除；解散”；distinguish“区分”，都不符合语意。‎ ‎8．选D　句意：电视的画面显示，遭受地震袭击的城市被夷为平地，无助的幸存者在焦急地等待救济品。reduce“减少”，reduce to ruins“夷为平地”，在句中为过去分词短语作后置定语。decrease“下降”；destroy“毁灭”；return“返回”。‎ ‎9．选B　句意：我们一生经历了许多的事情，可我们只记得那些重大事件。event“重大事件”。affair“事物；事件(强调事物之间的关系)”；matters“事情；情况”；incident“小事件”。‎ ‎10．选B　句意：许多公益广告在电视里播放以传达一个信息：我们应该爱护环境。get across“传达”。get over“克服”；get along“进展”；get away“摆脱”。‎ Ⅱ.1.as if/though he was cut off ‎2．both of which have been made ‎3．trapped under the collapsed buildings ‎4．when a stranger burst into ‎5．the dog leading the way ‎6．too thin to support ‎7．leave/have/make you frustrated ‎8．were greatly shocked by ‎9．was a city destroyed ‎10．that I spotted 单元能力提升训练 Ⅰ.阅读理解 ‎(2017·河北省冀州中学高三年级考试)‎ The Healthy Habits Survey(调查)shows that only about one third of American seniors have correct habits. Here are some findings and expert advice.‎ ‎1．How many times did you brush your teeth yesterday?‎ Finding: A full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.‎ Step: Remove the 300 types of bacteria in your mouth each morning with a batteryoperated toothbrush. Brush gently for 2 minutes, at least twice a day.‎ ‎2．How many times did you wash your hands or bathe yesterday?‎ Finding: Seniors, on average, bathe fewer than 3 days a week. And nearly 30% wash their hands only 4 times a day—half of the number doctors recommend.‎ Step: We touch our faces around 3,000 times a day—often inviting germs(病菌)to enter our mouth, nose, and eyes. Use ‎ toilet paper to avoid touching the door handle. And, most important, wash your hands often with hot running water and soap for 20 seconds.‎ ‎3．How often do you think about fighting germs?‎ Finding: Seniors are not fighting germs as well as they should.‎ Step: Be aware of germs. Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge (海绵) that can carry more germs than anything else? To kill these germs, keep your sponge in the microwave for 10 seconds.‎ ‎1．What is found out about American seniors?‎ A．Most of them have good habits.‎ B．Nearly 30% of them bathe three days a week.‎ C．All of them are fighting germs better than expected.‎ D．About one third of them brush their teeth only once a day.‎ ‎2．Doctors suggest that people should wash their hands ________.‎ A．twice a day B．three times a day C．four times a day D．eight times a day ‎3．Which of the following is true according to the text?‎ A．We should keep from touching our faces.‎ B．There are less than 300 types of bacteria in the ‎ mouth.‎ C．A kitchen sponge can carry more germs than a toilet.‎ D．We should wash our hands before touching a door handle.‎ ‎4．The text probably comes from ________.‎ A．a guide book B．a popular magazine C．a book review D．an official document 答案与解析 本文为说明文。文章介绍的是一个对美国老年人健康习惯调查的结果以及专家给出的对策。‎ ‎1．D　细节理解题。根据文章开头部分可知，多数美国老年人没有好的习惯，故A项错误；30%的美国老年人每天洗手四次，而不是每周洗澡三天，故B项错误；根据第三个问题下Finding中的内容“Seniors are not fighting germs as well as they should.”可知C项错误。根据第一个问题下Finding中的内容“A full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.”可知D项表述正确。‎ ‎2．D　细节理解题。根据第二个问题下Finding中的“And nearly 30% wash their hands only 4 times a day — half of the number doctors recommend.”可知，每天洗手四次只是医生建议的一半，由此可知，医生建议的次数是每天八次。故选D。‎ ‎3．C　细节理解题。根据第三个问题下Step内容中的“Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge (海绵) that can carry more germs than anything else？”可知C项正确。‎ ‎4．B　文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文显然不是书评(a book review)，也不是政府文件(an official document)。A项有较强的干扰性，但本文主要是面向公众的日常知识普及，而不是生活指导。故选B。‎ Ⅱ.七选五 ‎(2017·内蒙古赤峰二中月考)‎ While going through life with the pursuit of money on our mind, we're often told that money can't buy happiness. But what truth is there in the saying? Is there a relation between money and happiness? __1__‎ Humans are very sensitive to change. When we get a rise, we really enjoy it. But some studies have shown that in North America, additional income beyond 75,000 dollars a year stops impacting daytoday happiness. __2__They often end up spending all the money, going into debt, and experience ruined social relationships.‎ So surely money can't really buy happiness. Well, recent studies suggest that the problem may actually be in the way that we spend money.__3__ Studies show that people who spend their money on others feel happier. As for the people who spend money on themselves, their happiness is unchanged.‎ ‎__4__ One experiment showed that instead of an organization writing a large check to a charity, dividing the amount up among employees, allowing them to contribute to a charity of their choice, increased their job satisfaction. Similarly,‎ ‎ individuals that spend money on each other, as opposed to themselves, not only increase job satisfaction, but improve the team performance.‎ ‎__5__ Interestingly, the specific way money is spent on others isn't important. Spending something on others is the important aspect of increasing your happiness.‎ A．The same principle has been tested on teams and organizations as well.‎ B．Money has more effect on the vast majority of people in the long run.‎ C．Instead of buying things for yourself, try giving some of it to other people and see how you feel.‎ D．And if so, how can we use it to our advantage?‎ E．Almost everywhere we look in the world, we see that giving money to others is positively related to happiness.‎ F．And while you're saving up for these greatest experiences, don't forget the daily joys in life.‎ G．In fact, people who win a lottery often report becoming extremely unhappy. ‎ 答案与解析 这篇文章探讨金钱和幸福的关系。‎ ‎1．D　考查对上下文语境的理解。空前的意思是：但这个说法有何真理？金钱和幸福之间有关连性吗？这里选D(而若有的话，我们该如何善加利用它呢？)与上下文一致。‎ ‎2．G　考查对上下文语境的理解。空前的意思是：一些研究显示，在北美，一年超过75,000美元的额外收入不再影响每天的幸福。所以这里选G(事实上，赢彩票的人往往变得极度不快乐)与上下文一致。‎ ‎3．C　考查对上下文语境的理解。空前的意思是：不过，最近的研究认为这问题事实上可能在于我们花钱的方式上。空后句意：研究显示把钱花在别人身上的人感觉比较幸福。所以这里选C(与其买东西给你自己，不如试着把一些钱分给其他人，看看你的感受如何)与上下文一致。‎ ‎4．A　考查对上下文语境的理解。空后的意思：一项实验显示，与其公司组织写张巨额支票给慈善团体，不如把那金额在员工之间均分，让他们捐给自己选择的慈善团体，提升他们的工作满意度。所以这里选A(同样的原理也已在团队跟公司组织中测试过)与上下文一致。‎ ‎5．E　考查对上下文语境的理解。空后句意：有趣的是，钱以什么特定方式花在别人身上并不重要。花些钱在别人身上是提升你幸福感的重要方面。所以这里选E(我们在世界上探究几乎每个地方，发现给予别人金钱或礼物和幸福感是正面相关连的)与上下文一致。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)‎ If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of __1__ (great) and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of __2__ (achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow __3__ (be) often acceptable.‎ Most of us are more focused __4__ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive __5__ possible before lunch. This will give you ‎ the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.‎ Recent __6__ (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks __7__ (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for __8__ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.‎ If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you'll be less likely __9__ (bring) your work home. It could be anything—gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is, __10__ (make) sure it's a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.‎ 答案与解析 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了处理工作压力的方法。‎ ‎1．greater　考查形容词的比较级。根据空格后的“and less importance”可知，此处应用 great的比较级形式与“less”并列。故填greater。‎ ‎2．achievement　考查词性转换。根据空格前的“a real sense of”可知，空格处应用 achieve的名词形式。故填achievement。‎ ‎3．is　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据本句的主语“Leaving the less important things”可知，谓语动词应用单数；本句是在客观陈述一件事，所以应用一般现在时。故填is。‎ ‎4．on　考查介词。focus on是固定短语，意为“集中于……”，符合语境。故填on。‎ ‎5．as　考查固定句式。as...as possible是固定句式，意为“尽可能……”，符合语境。故填as。‎ ‎6．studies　考查名词复数。根据语境及谓语动词“show”可知，study在句中是名词，且应用复数形式。故填studies。‎ ‎7．regularly　考查词性转换。此处应用regular的副词形式修饰动词短语“take short breaks”。故填regularly。‎ ‎8．a　考查冠词。for a while是固定短语，意为“暂时，一会儿”，符合语境。故填冠词a。‎ ‎9．to bring　考查固定句式。sb. is likely to do sth.是固定句式，意为“某人有可能会做某事”。故填to bring。‎ ‎10．make　考查祈使句。根据“whatever it is”可知，本句是一个让步状语从句，所以应用“make”的原形在句中作谓语，构成祈使句。故填make。‎ Ⅳ.短文改错 ‎(2017·青海师大附中月考)‎ In the morning of November 18th, 1755, an earthquake shook Boston. John, professor in Harvard college felt a quake and woke up and found to be fifteen minutes past four. He hurried to downstairs to the clock. It had stopped three minutes ago. Except to stopping the clock, the quake had only thrown a key from the mantel (壁炉架)to the floor. The clock had stopped because John put some long glass tube he was using for an experiment into the case for safekeeping. The quake had been knocked the tubes over and blocked the pendulum(钟摆). So John had the exactly time of the earthquake. ‎ 答案 the morning of November 18th, 1755, an earthquake shook ‎ Boston. John, professor in Harvard college felt quake and woke up and found to be fifteen minutes past four. He hurried downstairs to the clock. It had stopped three minutes . Except stopping the clock, the quake had only thrown a key from the mantel (壁炉架)to the floor. The clock had stopped because John put some long glass he was using for an experiment into the case for safekeeping. The quake had been knocked the tubes over and blocked the pendulum(钟摆). So John had the time of the earthquake. ‎ Ⅴ.书面表达 近年来全球极端气候和重大自然灾害越来越频繁，其中很大一部分原因是人类活动。China Daily举行征文活动，警示人们要保护环境。请你写一篇短文，参加征文活动。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1. 要列举极端气候或自然灾害及其造成的影响；‎ ‎2. 分析原因；‎ ‎3. 呼吁人们关爱地球，保护环境。‎ 词数：100～120。‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________‎ 答案 Over the past years, there have been frequent extreme weather and natural disasters, such as floods, droughts, snowstorms, earthquakes and so on. These have killed millions of people and destroyed countless homes.‎ Improper human activities contribute a lot to those disasters. We have cut down too many trees, badly polluted the environment, and wasted plenty of resources. What we do is threatening human survival and development.‎ So it is high time that we protected our environment. We should plant more trees, reduce the use of vehicles, and save resources like water and electricity. Everyone can make a difference to the environment. Only if we stop damaging the earth and do our best to protect it can we make the world a pleasant place to live in.‎