【英语】2020届二轮复习语法专题情态动词havedone和动词的-ing形式作状语学案

【英语】2020届二轮复习语法专题情态动词havedone和动词的-ing形式作状语学案

‎2020年高考英语专题复习：情态动词+have done和动词的-ing形式作状语 一、学习目标 ‎1. 情态动词+have done的用法 ‎2. 动词的-ing形式作状语的用法 二、重点、难点 重点：情态动词＋have done的用法 难点：动词的-ing形式作状语的用法 三、考情分析 ‎1. 现在分词和情态动词是每年高考的重点，主要分布在单项选择、完形填空中，书面表达要注意时态的使用。‎ ‎2. 每年的高考题中，这两类语法在单项选择题中的比重很大，能占到3-4分；完形填空中也有非谓语动词及其情态动词的填空。‎ 一、情态动词+have done 考点 情态动词+have done的几种类型及其意义 ‎【用法1】‎ 情态动词＋have done 用法 must have done 表示对过去发生的行为进行推测，意为“想必/准是/一定做了某事”。‎ can/could have done 表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定，通常用在否定句和疑问句中。‎ could have done 可用于肯定句中，表示“可能已经……”；此外，还可表示过去没有实现的可能性，意为“本来可以……”。‎ may/might(not) have done 表示对过去已发生行为的推测，用于肯定句中，表示“也许已经……”；在否定句中表示“可能不”，用might则表示语气更加不肯定。‎ should/ought(not) to have done 用于肯定句中，表示“本该做某事，而实际上未做”；用于否定句中，则表示“不该做的事反而做了”。‎ needn’t have done 表示“本来没必要做某事”，指做了本来不必去做的事。‎ ‎【例句】‎ It must have rained last night , for the ground is still wet. ‎ 昨晚肯定下雨了，地面还是湿的。‎ They should have received the package. We had it delivered yesterday morning. ‎ 我们昨天早上发出的包裹。他们应该已经收到了。‎ I can’t find my purse now. I might have left it in the taxi. ‎ 我的钱包找不到了，我可能把它忘在出租车里了。‎ You couldn’t have known about him ten years ago, when he was still unknown. ‎ 十年前你不可能认识他，那时他还不出名。‎ Oh，Mom！You needn’t have prepared so much food. Dad and Diana will not come back for supper. ‎ 妈妈！你不必做这么多饭。爸爸和戴安娜不回家吃晚饭了。‎ ‎【考题链接】‎ ‎1. I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She ____________ have spoken at the meeting. ‎ A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. couldn’t 答案：D 思路分析：句意：“我今天早上在会议室没有看到她。她不可能在会议上讲话。”couldn’t have done sth. 表示对过去的情况进行推测，意为“过去不可能发生过某事”。‎ ‎2. —Why didn’t she come to the meeting yesterday? ‎ ‎—I’m not so sure. She______________ ill. ‎ A. should be B. should have been C. must be D. might have been 答案：D 思路分析：从时间上看，由于是昨天没来开会，所以推测“她生病”也是在昨天，故排除A和C。从语境上看，既然上文说 I’m not so sure，那么说明说话者对自己的推测没有很大把握，故选D。‎ ‎【用法2】 needn’t have done与didn’t need to do用法的区别 ‎（1）needn’t have done表示过去没有必要做某事，但实际上却做了，常译为“本没有必要做……”。‎ ‎（2）didn’t need to do表示过去没必要做而事实上也没做某事。‎ ‎【例句】‎ You needn’t have taken a taxi there, for it’s very near.‎ 你本没有必要乘出租车到那里的，因为距离很近。‎ He didn’t need to buy a ticket at all, for he was only a 5-year-old boy then.‎ 他没有必要买票，因为他当时才五岁。‎ ‎【考题链接】‎ I _______________ up early this morning, so I stayed in bed until 8 o’clock a.m. ‎ A. needn’t have got B. didn’t need to get C. shouldn’t have got D. can’t have got 答案：B 思路分析：考查情态动词及虚拟语气的用法。need用作行为动词时，前面借助助动词do表示否定或者疑问。此句中的didn’t need to do sth. 表示“没有必要做某事（未做）”；needn’t have done sth. 表示“做了一件没有必要做的事”；shouldn’t have done sth. 表示“做了不应该做的事”，是一种表示责备的语气；can’t have done sth. 表示“一定没有做过某事”。‎ ‎【即学即练】‎ ‎1. Why did you just sit and watch? You ______________ me. ‎ A. could help B. should help C. could have helped D. must have helped 答案：C 思路分析：根据上文的过去时态可知，此句谈的是过去的事。could have done 表示“本来能够做某事，但事实上未做”，符合句意。‎ ‎2. —You ______________ your teacher for help. He is kind-hearted. ‎ ‎—Yes. A whole day ______________. ‎ A. can ask; will waste B. must have asked; had wasted C. could have asked; was wasted D. shouldn’t have asked; would be wasted 答案：C 思路分析：could have done sth. 结构在此表示“责备”，指过去本来可以做某事但实际上未做。第二空陈述的是过去的事实，应用was wasted。‎ ‎3. —Is there a flight to London this evening? ‎ ‎—There ___________ be. I’ll phone the airport and find it out. ‎ A. must B. might C. would D. can 答案：B 思路分析：根据下文的 I’ll phone the airport and find it out. 可知，说话人对自己的推测没有很大把握，故选 might。must语气太强，不合语境；can 表推测，通常不用于肯定陈述句中。‎ ‎4. —Show me your permit, please. ‎ ‎—Oh, it’s not in my pocket. It _____________. ‎ A. might fall out B. could fall out C. should have fallen out D. must have fallen out 答案：D 思路分析：既然“通行证现在不在口袋里”，那么它“掉出去”应发生在过去。must have done “肯定做过某事”；should have done “应该做某事”，根据句意，应选D项。‎ 二、动词的-ing形式作状语的用法 ‎【用法1】语法结构分析 ‎1. 动词的-ing形式作状语，与主句的主语存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即动词的-ing形式的逻辑主语与主句的主语逻辑上保持一致。‎ ‎2. 动词的–ing形式的基本形式及其意义 类型 结构 意义 一般式 doing ‎ 表示与谓语动词动作同时或紧接着发生的动作。‎ 完成式 having done 表示发生在谓语动词之前的动作。‎ 否定式 not doing/not having done 一般式的否定式/完成式的否定式 被动式 being done/having been done 一般式的被动式/完成式的被动式 ‎【例句】‎ Shopping in the mall, I encountered Mary, who I had not seen for many years.‎ 在商场购物时，我遇到了多年不见的玛丽。（encounter与shop同时进行）‎ Seeing his friends meeting him at the airport, he felt excited. ‎ 看到朋友们在机场迎接他，他感到很兴奋。（felt与see紧接着发生）‎ Having finished his homework, he went home.‎ 完成了作业后，他回家了。(先做完作业，再回家)‎ ‎【考题链接】完成句子 ‎1. 听到这个消息，他们很激动。‎ ‎_________________________, they got excited. ‎ ‎2. 过马路的时候小心点。‎ Be careful while/when _________________________. ‎ ‎3. 因为被蛇咬过，她很害怕它。‎ ‎___________________ by a snake, she was frightened at it. ‎ 答案：1. Hearing the news 2. crossing the street 3. Having been bitten ‎【用法2】动词的-ing形式作时间状语 ‎1. 一般式：即动词的-ing形式，表示的动作一发生，谓语动词的动作紧接着发生，其动作发出者是句子的主语，此时的动词-ing形式相当于一个由when、while引导的时间状语从句。‎ ‎2. 完成式：动词-ing表示的动作完成后，谓语动词动作才发生。分词动作的发出者依然是句子的主语。‎ ‎【例句】‎ Comparing the differences of the two cultures, you may find that they have a lot in common. 当你比较两种文化的不同时，你可能会发现两者有很多的相似之处。 ‎ Having finished his homework, the boy went out to play. ‎ ‎= After he finished his homework, the boy went out to play. 完成作业后，男孩出去玩了。‎ ‎【考题连接】‎ Dina, _______________ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency. ‎ A. struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D. to struggle 答案：C 思路分析：句意：“迪娜努力了好几个月，想找一份侍者的工作，终于在当地的一家广告公司找到了一个职位。”现在分词的完成式“having struggled”作状语，“struggle”的动作发生在主句的动作“took”之前，所以选C。‎ ‎【用法3】动词的-ing形式作方式或伴随状语 主要用来说明动作发生的背景或状况。一般情况下，动词的-ing形式的动作与谓语的动作同时进行，其动作发出者就是句子的主语。谓语动词是主要动作，动词-ing是陪衬动作。伴随或方式状语位于句首或句中及句末均可。‎ ‎【例句】‎ They came here running. 他们是跑着来的。‎ The children played in the water, laughing and jumpping. ‎ 孩子们在水里玩，又笑又跳。‎ ‎【考题连接】‎ The lady walked around the shops, ____________ an eye out for bargains. ‎ A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep 答案：C 思路分析：句意：“那个女人在商场里面闲逛，留意并记住那些廉价的商品。”keep an eye out for… “注意并记住……”。keeping短语作伴随状语，不是目的或结果状语。‎ ‎【用法4】动词的-ing形式作原因状语 动词-ing的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时或紧接着发生，相当于一个原因状语从句；当动词-ing的动作发生于谓语动词表示的动作之前时，用完成式having done表示原因。‎ ‎【例句】‎ Being a student, you should concentrate most of your attention on your study. ‎ 作为一名学生，你应该将主要的注意力集中在学习上。‎ ‎【考题链接】‎ ‎__________________ all the required papers, he didn’t answer the questions fluently in ‎ class.‎ A. Having not read B. Not having read ‎ C. Not read D. Not to read ‎ 答案：B 思路分析：句意：“因为没有读完所要求的论文，所以他在课堂上回答问题不流利。”根据句意可知应选择现在分词作原因状语的用法，并且现在分词的否定式应为not+动词的-ing。‎ ‎【用法5】动词的-ing形式作结果状语 动词的-ing在句中作结果状语，通常位于句末并中间有逗号，相当于一个并列分句。为了强调语气，常在分词前加上thus, therefore等副词。往往指由于前面的动作或事件造成的相应的结果，没有完成式形式，只有一般式结构。‎ ‎【区别】动词不定式用结果状语与动词-ing形式作结果状语不同。动词不定式位于句末，其前常与only, never等副词连用，表示出乎意料的结果。‎ ‎【例句】‎ My car was held up in the traffic jam, therefore causing the delay.‎ ‎=My car was held up in the traffic jam, therefore it caused the delay.‎ ‎=我的汽车遇到交通阻塞，因此耽误了。‎ The old lady hurried to the market, only to find her money stolen on the bus.‎ 那个老太太匆匆赶到市场，结果却发现自己的钱在公共汽车上被盗了。‎ ‎【考题链接】‎ The global financial crisis has hit the country’s export-oriented economy hard, ___________ many factories in coastal areas to down shutters.‎ A. having caused B. causing C. caused D. having been caused 答案：B 思路分析：句意：“全球经济危机使这个国家的外向型经济很困难，导致了许多沿海地区的工厂倒闭。”cause和前面的句子之间是主动关系，故排除C和D；又因为是现在分词作结果状语，故选择D。‎ ‎【用法6】独立主格 动词-ing形式作状语时，它的逻辑主语要与主句的主语相一致，但有时也可以有自己独立的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。独立主格通常用来表示时间、条件、原因、伴随等情况。‎ ‎【例句】‎ The dog dying, Crusoe felt lonely on the island. ＝The dog died and Crusoe felt lonely on the island. ‎ 狗死了，克鲁索在岛上感到很孤独。‎ There being no bus available, I had to walk home. ‎ ‎= There was no bus available. I had to walk home.‎ 找不到公共汽车，我只好步行回家。‎ ‎【考题链接】‎ ‎_____________ no fresh drinking water and no farm land, it was not a comfortable place in which to live and they decided to seek another place to settle down.‎ A. There was B. There were C. There being D. There used to be 答案：C 思路分析：句意：“因为没有新鲜的饮用水和耕地，这个地方不适合生活，他们决定去寻找另一地方定居下来。”根据句型结构可知该句是并列句，所选成分应该是后面句子的原因状语，故应选独立主格结构，故选择C。‎ ‎【即学即练】‎ ‎1. ____________ the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level.‎ A. Find B. Finding C. To find D. Found 答案：B 思路分析：句意：“发现这门课程很难，她决定转向稍低水平的课程。”find与主语she是主谓关系且“发现”这一动作与句子中谓语动词的动作几乎同时发生，故使用finding。‎ ‎2. The sun began to rise in the sky, ______________ the mountain in golden light.‎ A. bathed B. bathing C. to have bathed D. have bathed 答案：B ‎ 思路分析：句意：“天空中太阳开始升起，使山脉沐浴在金色的阳光中。”the sun与 bathe构成逻辑上的主谓关系。bathing为现在分词作结果状语，表主动。bathe意为“沐浴、使沐浴”。‎ ‎3. Lionel Messi, _____________ the record for the most goals in a calendar year, is considered the most talented football player in Europe.‎ A. set B. setting C. to set D. having set 答案：D 思路分析：句意：“Lionel Messi曾在一年内创造最多得分纪录，因此他被认为是欧洲最佳足球运动员。”根据横线后的名词以及逻辑主谓关系，可知此横线上的内容应该使用主动式，因此排除A项。B、C、D为非谓语形式，都表示主动意义，doing表示与谓语动词的动作同时发生，to do表示在谓语动词的动作之后发生，having done 表示在谓语动词的动作之前发生。从本句句意可知，Lionel Messi先创造纪录，然后才被誉为最佳球员，因此使用having done形式。‎ ‎4. Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and ______________ to ruins, the city took on a new look.‎ A. reducing B. reduced C. being reduced D. having reduced 答案：C 思路分析：句意：“在遭受大规模的地震和损失之后不久，那个城市即呈现出新面貌。”and为并列连词，前后是并列关系，前面的suffering from为动名词结构作after的宾语，此空填写的内容也应为after的宾语，因此使用动名词形式，从而排除B项。另外，be reduced to 为固定结构，意思为“减少到”，因此此处使用被动式。根据以上分析，可以确定答案为C。‎ 情景交际 话题一、如何与人交流 ‎【交际用语】‎ ‎【适用情景】‎ ‎1. When we meet strangers ‎ When we meet a stranger, we should actively make friends with each other. But if we lack the confidence and we are nervous, what should we do? So we must master some communication skills. We may talk about some topics that we are all interested in. We may talk about some people who we are all familiar with, such as film stars, sports stars and so on. Learn some small talk skills and develop our listening skills. ‎ ‎2. When you visit your foreign friends When you visit your foreign friend, you must find out what customs are about his/her country. Find out whether you bring some gifts or flowers. You must pay attention to some rules in case a bad thing happens. ‎ 话题二、谈论科幻小说 ‎【交际用语】‎ ‎【适用情景】‎ When discuss or retell science fiction films ‎ Transformers are a series of well-known and classic fiction movie. Transformers: Dark of the Moon is the last one and was produced with 3D skills which was a big winner. The human history was rewritten combined with the development of the transformers. Although the transformers were made up, their personalities are as distinct as human beings. They are powerful and kind-hearted. Thus sometimes the audience may be moved by them. Furthermore the 3D makes a strong visual effect. ‎ ‎2020年高考英语专题复习：情态动词+have done和动词的-ing形式作状语同步测试 ‎1. I________ through that bitter period without your generous help. ‎ A. couldn’t have gone B. didn’t go C. wouldn’t go D. hadn’t gone ‎2. —I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.‎ ‎—How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone ______ it. ‎ A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen ‎3. They have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. ‎ A. will B. can C. must D. should ‎4. I ________ sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me. ‎ A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come ‎5. —Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn’t finish the assignment yesterday. ‎ ‎—Oh, you____ have done it as yesterday was the deadline. ‎ A. must B. mustn’t C. should D. shouldn’t ‎6. My five-year-old boy left home three days ago. An idea that something _____to him has been worrying me a lot. ‎ A. can have happened B. should have happened C. must happen D. must have happened ‎7. —You missed a good chance.‎ ‎—Yes. I______ that job when it______.‎ A. should have taken, was offered ‎ B. should take, offered C. hadn’t taken, was offered ‎ D. might have taken, was offering ‎8.—Must I take a bus to your home?‎ ‎—No, you_______. It’s just about 5 minutes’ walk from here.‎ A. must not B. don’t have to C. shouldn’t D. don’t need ‎9. The big fire last night_______ the whole building. But the heavy rain helped it.‎ A. might be burning down ‎ B. could have burned down C. should have been burned down ‎ D. must have been burned down ‎10. There was plenty of time. She_______.‎ A. mustn’t have hurried B. couldn’t have hurried C. must not hurry D. needn’t have hurried ‎11. —Guess what? I got an A in the exam.‎ ‎—Congratulations! Well, you ____.‎ A. must have worked hard B. can work hard C. could have worked hard D. should work hard ‎ ‎12. —What does the sign over there read?‎ ‎—No person ______smoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area.‎ A. will B. may C. shall D. must ‎ ‎13. Sorry, I’m late. I ____ have misunderstood the plan and I went for another appointment.‎ A. might B. should C. can D. will ‎ ‎14. —I’m sorry. I ______ at you the other day. ‎ ‎—Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. ‎ A. shouldn’t shout B. shouldn’t have shouted C. mustn’t shout D. mustn’t have shouted ‎15. —Who told you my address?‎ ‎—I don’t remember clearly. It ______ Li Mei.‎ ‎—It ________ Li Mei. She doesn’t know it.‎ A. can be; mustn’t be ‎ B. may have been; must have been C. may have been; can’t be ‎ D. might have been; can’t have been ‎ 情态动词+have done和动词的-ing形式作状语 动词的-ing形式作状语 ‎1. In April, President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao, the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy. ‎ A. marking B. marked ‎ C. having marked D. being marked ‎ ‎2. ______ in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car. ‎ A. Waiting B. To wait C. Having Waited D. To have waited ‎3. to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed ‎4. _____ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.‎ A. To throw B. Thrown C. Throwing D. Being thrown ‎5. We had an anxious couple of weeks, _____ for the results of the experiment. ‎ A. wait B. to be waiting C. waited D. waiting ‎6. Lucy’s new job paid twice as much as she had made, ______ in the restaurant. ‎ A. working B. work C. to work D. worked ‎7. He was busy writing a story, only ______ once in a while to smoke a cigarette. ‎ A. to stop B. stopping C. to have slopped D. having stopped ‎8. ___ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if she’d like that little doll on her bed.‎ A. Seeing B. To see C. See D. Seen ‎9. ______ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring. ‎ A. To walk. B. Walking C. Walked D. Having walked ‎10. My sister, an inexperienced rider, was found sitting on the bicycle _____ to balance it. ‎ A. having tried B. trying C. to try D. tried ‎11. Those governments agreed to hold six-party talks, _____ their concern with peace．‎ A. reflecting B. to reflect C. reflected D. having reflected ‎12. ______ at my classmates’ faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes. ‎ A. Looking B. Look C. To look D. Looked ‎13. There is a great deal of evidence ____ that music activities engage different parts of the brain. ‎ A. indicate B. indicating C. to indicate D. to be indicating ‎14. I got to the office earlier that day, ___________the 7:30 train from Paddington.‎ A. caught B. to have caught C. to catch D. having caught ‎15. The sunlight is white and blinding, hard-edged shadows on the ground.‎ A. throwing B. being thrown C. to throw D. to be thrown 情景交际 M：Lovely day, isn’t it?‎ W：Mm, yes, 1 And it’s supposed to get warmer.‎ M：Yes, that’s true. You know, though, I’m always a little worry to see winter go.‎ W： 2 ‎ M：Well, I love skating. In fact, I used to teach skating for a living.‎ W：Oh? That sounds interesting. 3 ‎ M：I work at Bank of America. How about you?‎ W： 4 ‎ M：Here?‎ W：No, I’m from Chicago. I’m just visiting here for the wedding.‎ M：Oh, I see.‎ W：By the way, 5 I’m Helen Keller.‎ M：Nice to meet you. My name is John Smith.‎ A．But what do you do now?‎ B．It’s very cold.‎ C．It’s really warm.‎ D．I guess I should introduce myself.‎ E．I’m on the radio station.‎ F．What’s your name?‎ G．Really?‎ ‎1. A 解析：句意：没有你的慷慨帮助，我不可能度过那段困难时期。由without可知是含蓄虚拟语气的标志，并且表示的是与过去事实的虚拟，故选择A。‎ ‎2. B 解析：答句句意：又找到它是多么不可思议啊！我想，也许是有人偷了它。根据上下句可知是表示对过去时间的判断、预测，故用情态动词+have done的形式；A表示将来完成时态，不符合句意；may have stolen可能已经偷了；should have stolen本该偷了，不符合题意；must have stolen一定偷了，不符合题意。‎ ‎3. D 解析：句意：他们本该午饭时间到，但是他们的航班误点了。should have done表示本应该做而事实上未做的情况。‎ ‎4. D 解析：句意：我不知道他们会等我，否则我就会早点来了。根据句意可知是考查虚拟语气，并且根据didn’t know可知是表示对过去事实的虚拟，故选择D。‎ ‎5. C 解析：句意：—对不起，斯密斯先生。我昨天没有完成任务。—哦，你本该完成的，因为昨天是最后期限。should have done表示本该完成而未完成的动作。‎ ‎6. D 解析：句意：我五岁的孩子三天前离开了家。他肯定发生了什么事，我一直在担心。根据句意表示对过去事实的推断、预测，故应用情态动词+have done的形式，故排除C。can have happened可能发生了某事；should have happened本该发生了某事；must have happened一定发生了某事，符合句意，故选D。‎ ‎7. A 解析：句意：—你错过了一个好机会。—是的。提供给我的时候，我本该接受这份工作。offer和it之间是被动关系，故应该用被动语态，故排除B和D；should have taken本该接受；might have taken可能接受。‎ ‎8. B 解析：句意：—我一定要坐公交车去你家吗？—不，你没必要。它离这里只有5分钟的路程。must构成的一般疑问句的否定回答为：No, …needn’t或No, …don’t have to，故选B。‎ ‎9. B 解析：句意：昨天晚上的大火本能够烧毁这整个楼。但是这场大雨却帮了大忙。根据句意可知是对过去事实的推断和预测，故应用情态动词+have done，故排除A。could have burned down本能烧毁；而C和D运用了情态动词的被动结构，不正确。‎ ‎10. D 解析：句意：还有许多时间。她没必要着急。首先排除C，因为不能表示对过去事情的推断和预测；mustn’t have hurried一定不要着急；couldn’t have hurried不可能着急；needn’t have hurried没必要着急而事实上着急。‎ ‎11. A 解析：句意：—猜猜看？我考试得了A。—向你祝贺！你一定非常努力。根据I got ‎ an A in the exam.可知是对过去事件的推断、猜测和预测，故应用情态动词+have done，又根据句意选择A。‎ ‎12. C 解析：句意：—那边的标志上写着什么？—不允许吸烟或者携带点燃的香烟、雪茄或烟斗。will表示意愿；may表示可能性；shall表示责任、义务，指按规定做某事；must必须。‎ ‎13. A 解析：句意：对不起，我迟到了。我可能误解了这个计划，所以去参加了另一个约会。might表示可能性；should have done表示本应该做而事实上未做；can have done表示可能做了，可能性较大；will have done是将来完成时态。‎ ‎14. B 解析：句意：—对不起，前几天，我不应该对你大喊大叫的。—算了，我当时也有点失控。从上下文可以看出，空缺处应该是“本不应该”的意思，故用shouldn’t have done结构，另外没有D项mustn’t have shouted这种形式。‎ ‎15. D 解析：句意：—谁告诉你我的地址啊？—我记不清了。一定是李梅。—不可能是李梅。她不知道。根据句意可知所选词表示对过去事件的判断，故应该用情态动词+have done，排除A和C。can’t have done表示否定的推测，而不能用mustn’t have done. ‎ ‎1. A 解析：句意：4月，胡主席参观了青岛海军，标志着中国人民解放军海军建立60周年。marking现在分词作结果状语，表示主动。‎ ‎2. C 解析：句意：排队等了半小时，这个老人突然意识到他把支票落在汽车上。wait和the old man之间是主动关系，并且发生在谓语动作之前，故用现在分词的完成形式。‎ ‎3. D 解析：句意：我们用电话联系他们失败了，我们就发了电子邮件。fail和we之间是主动关系，故排除Ａ和Ｂ；又因为fail发生在sent之前，故用现在分词的完成形式。‎ ‎4. C 解析：句意：他们把帽子扔向空中，获胜方的粉丝大声地喊着胜利。throw和句子主语之间是主动关系，故选择现在分词形式。‎ ‎5. D 解析：句意：我们一连焦急了几周，等待实验结果。wait和we之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。‎ ‎6. A 解析：句意：露西现在的工资比原来在餐馆工作时挣的工资多两倍。work和she之间是主动关系，故用working作时间状语。‎ ‎7. B 解析：句意：他正忙着写故事，只是一会儿停一次吸支烟。stopping作伴随状语，表示主动。‎ ‎8. A 解析：句意：看到她去睡觉了，我问她是否喜欢她床上的那个小玩具。see和I之间是主动关系，故用现在分词，作时间状语；而B作目的状语。‎ ‎9. B 解析：句意：走在三月下午的田地里，他能感觉到春天的温暖。walk和句子主语he之间是主动关系，并且和谓语是同时进行的，故选B。‎ ‎10. B 解析：句意：我的妹妹，一个有经验的骑手，被发现坐在自行车上尽力保持平衡。现在分词作伴随状语。try和my sister之间是主动关系，故选B。‎ ‎11. A ‎ 解析：句意：那些政府同意举行六国会谈，以反映他们对和平的担心。现在分词作伴随状语。‎ ‎12. A 解析：句意：看着同学们的脸，我从他们的眼中读出了同样的兴奋。解答此类题时关键是把握好非谓语动词与句子主语之间的关系。此题中look与I之间为主动关系，故选looking。‎ ‎13. B 解析：句意：有大量证据表明：（人类在进行）音乐活动时调用大脑的不同部位。evidence与indicate构成逻辑上的主谓关系，因此用现在分词形式，相当于定语从句that/which indicates…，而动词不定式作定语表示将来的情况，所以选项C是错误的。故选B项。‎ ‎14. D 解析：句意：因为我赶上了来自Paddington的7:30的火车，所以那天我较早到达了办公室。根据句意可知，catch这一动作和主语I之间是主动关系，且发生在谓语动作之前，所以用having done的形式。A项表示和主语之间是被动关系，B、C两项表示意外的结果；D项表示动作发生在谓语动作之前且和主语是主动关系。故选D。‎ ‎15. A 解析：句意：阳光亮白而刺眼，在地上投射出轮廓清晰的影子。throw这一动作和主语sunlight之间是主动关系，且强调一种自然的结果，所以应用动词-ing的主动形式。B、D两项和sunlight之间是被动关系；B项表示意外的结果。‎ 情景交际 ‎1-5 CGAED