2020届一轮复习人教版必修四Unit3学案设计（40页word版）

2020届一轮复习人教版必修四Unit3学案设计（40页word版）

‎2020届一轮复习人教版必修四Unit3学案设计 话题素材——幽默 好词 ‎1.amusing adj. 好笑的 ‎2.relaxingadj. 令人放松的 ‎3.entertain v. 娱乐；招待 ‎4.comedyn. 喜剧 ‎5.optimistic adj. 乐观的 ‎6.a_sense_of_humor 幽默感 ‎7.burst into laughter 开怀大笑 ‎8.make_a_joke 说笑话 ‎9.have_an_effect_on 对……有影响 ‎10.be of much help to 对……很有帮助 ‎11.have_fun_with 与……玩得开心 ‎12.bring happiness to 给……带来快乐 ‎13.full of energy and passion 充满活力与激情 ‎14.create_a_friendly_atmosphere 创造一种友好的氛围 ‎15.be in low/high spirits 情绪低落/高涨 佳句 ‎1.A sense of humor is one of the ways in which we relax and recreate ourselves.‎ 幽默感是我们放松和娱乐的途径之一。‎ ‎2.Humor can clearly be of much help to our work, study and life, as it is beneficial to our physical and mental health.‎ 因为幽默有益于我们的身心健康，所以对我们的工作、学习、生活无疑都大有帮助。‎ ‎3.As far as I'm concerned, we should develop a positive attitude towards life. Life_consists_of_not_only_sunshine_but_also_hard_times. We should be brave when faced with difficulties.‎ 就我个人而言，我们应该对生活采取积极的态度。生活中不仅充满阳光而且困难重重。面对困难，我们应该勇敢。‎ ‎[精美语篇]‎ Why we need humour in our life We badly need humour in our life. There are various reasons.‎ Firstly, life is faster than we can imagine. We are always busy with endless work. Therefore, it isimportant for us to set ourselves free from hard work for a while. Humour can help relieve us of such pressure.‎ Secondly, humour can make people laugh and feel happy. It makes you attractive and people will never feel dull together with you.‎ Thirdly, humour can always keep you in high spirits, which will do good to both your mental and physical health. Humour changes the colour of the whole world before you. Fourthly, humour makes people laugh at a time when they feel depressed so they can feel more content with their lives. What's more, humour can be a most effective means of dealing with difficult situations. Humour is the best medicine in life.‎ In a word, humour is very important to all of us. Let's fully enjoy humour in our lives.‎ 高频单词 ‎1．content (adj.)满足的；满意的(n.) 满足(vt.) 使满足 ‎2．ordinary (adj.) 平常的；普通的 ‎3．overcome (vt.&vi.) 战胜；克服→overcame (过去式)→overcome(过去分词)‎ 第 53 页 共 53 页 ‎4．failure (n.) 失败(者)→fail (v.) 失败 ‎5．comedy (n.) 喜剧→tragedy (n.) 悲剧 ‎6．throughout (prep.) 遍及；贯穿(adv.) 到处；始终；全部 ‎7．worn (adj.) 用旧的；用坏的；破烂的 ‎8．slide(vt.&vi.) (使)滑动；(使)滑行(n.) 滑；滑动；幻灯片 ‎9．outstanding (adj.) 突出的；杰出的；显著的 ‎10．occasion (n.) 时刻；场合→occasional (adj.) 偶尔的；偶然的→occasionally (adv.) 偶尔；偶然；有时候 ‎11．whisper (n.) 耳语；低语(v.)耳语；低声说 ‎12．astonish (vt.)使惊诧→astonishing (adj.)令人感到惊讶的→astonished (adj.)感到惊讶的 ‎→astonishment (n.)惊诧；震惊 ‎13．fortunate (adj.)幸运的；吉利的→unfortunately (adv.)(反义词)不幸地→fortune (n.)运气；财富 ‎14．entertain (vt.&vi.) 使欢乐；款待→entertainment (n.) 娱乐→entertaining (adj.) 有趣的；使人愉快的 ‎15．convince (vt.) 使信服→convincing (adj.) 令人信服的 ‎16．direct (vt.&vi.)导演；指示；指挥(adj.) 直的；直接的；直率的→direction (n.) 指导；方向 ‎→director(n.) 导演→directly (adv.&conj.) 直接地；径直地；一…就……‎ ‎17．react(vi.) 作出反应；回应→reaction (n.) 反应；回应 ‎18．humour(n.) 幽默；滑稽→humorous (adj.) 幽默的 ‎19．performer (n.) 表演者；演出者→perform(vt.)执行；表演→performance (n.) 执行；演出 ‎20．particular(adj.) 特殊的；特别的(n.)细节；细目→particularly (adv.) 特殊地；特别地 ‎21．explanation (n.) 解释；讲解；说明→explain (v.) 解释；说明 ‎22．mountainous (adj.) 多山的；山一般的→mountain (n.) 山脉；高山；山岳 重点短语 ‎1．up_to_now 直到现在 ‎2．feel/be_content_with 对……满足 ‎3．badly_off 穷的；缺少的 ‎4．pick_out 挑出；辨别出 ‎5．cut_off 切断；断绝 ‎6．as_if/as_though 好像 ‎7．star_in 在……担任主角；主演 ‎8．be_particular_about 对……挑剔 ‎9．break_into 强行闯入；进入 ‎10．react_to 对……作出反应；回应 热点句型 ‎1．as 引导的定语从句，代替后面整个句子的内容 As Victor Hugo once said(正如……曾经说过), “Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face”， and up to now nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin.(教材 P18)‎ ‎2．it 作形式宾语 You may find_it_astonishing (发现它是令人震惊的) that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk. (教材 P18)‎ ‎3．动词-ing 形式作结果状语 Unfortunately his father died, leaving_the_family_even_worse_off ‎(使得家境更加艰难), so Charlie spent his childhood looking after his sick mother and his brother.(教材P18)‎ ‎4．by 表示“到……为止”，句子常用完成时 By_his_teens(到他十多岁的时候), Charlie had, through his humour,‎ ‎ become one of the most popularchild actors in England.(教材 P18)‎ 巩固训练 在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎1．No one was ever bored ________ (watch) him—his subtle acting made everything ________(entertain)．‎ 答案：watching; entertaining ‎2．They are ________ hungry that they try boiling a pair of leather shoes for their dinner.‎ 答案：so ‎3．He cuts off the leather top of the shoes as if it ________ (be) the finest steak.‎ 答案：were ‎4．The acting is so ________ (convince) that it makes you believe that it is one of the ________ (good)meals he has ever tasted!‎ 答案：convincing; best ‎5．He is loved and remembered ________ a great actor ________ could inspire people with greatconfidence.‎ 答案：as; who ‎6．Instead he and another man are hiding in a small hut during a snowstorm with nothing ________(eat)．‎ 答案：to eat ‎7．He made people laugh at a time ________ they felt depressed, so they ‎ could feel more content with their lives.‎ 答案：when ‎8．I think of ________ short life is and how long the universe has lasted.‎ 答案：how ‎9．Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson went ________ (camp) in a mountainous area.‎ 答案：camping ‎10．In ________ 1990s, Mr Bean became a star using mime to highlight difficult social situations much________ Charlie Chaplin had done.‎ 答案：the; as ‎1 content adj.满足的；满意的 n．内容；目录；容量；满足 vt.使满足 He made people laugh at a time when they felt depressed，so they could feel more content with their lives.(P18)‎ 在人们感到沮丧的时候，他可以使他们开怀大笑，于是人们就对自己的生活感到比较满足。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎(1)be content to_do sth. (＝be willing/ready to do sth.)‎ 乐于做某事；满足于做某事 feel/be content with sth.(＝feel/be satisfied/pleased with sth.) 对某事感到满意/满足 ‎(2)content oneself with 使(某人)自己对……感到满足 ‎(3)to one's heart's content 尽情地 名师点睛 ( 1( content 作形容词时，通常作表语、后置定语或状语，作前置定语时要用 contented，如 a contented expression “满足的表情”。‎ ( 2(在充当表语表示“非常满意”时，用 be well content 而不能用 be very content。‎ 语境助记 ‎①[2016·四川高考]Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium_content,_which helps people to relax.‎ 以前的研究也表明牛奶有助于睡眠，因为牛奶中的钙可帮助人放松。‎ ‎②She dropped her purse and the contents fell out on the floor.‎ 她的皮包掉了，里面的东西散落在了地板上。‎ ‎③Andy is_content_with the toy. It is the best he has ever got.‎ 安迪对这个玩具很满意，这是他曾得到的最好的玩具。‎ ‎④I am_content_to_admire the mountains from below.‎ 我乐于从山脚下观赏山景。‎ ‎⑤We should never content_ourselves_with only book knowledge.‎ 我们永远不要仅仅满足于书本知识。‎ ‎2 convince vt.使确信；使信服 The acting is so convincing that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted.(P18)‎ 卓别林的表演是那么有说服力，以致你会相信这顿饭是他所尝过的最美味的一餐。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎(1)convince sb. of sth.使某人信服某事 convince sb.to_do sth. 说服某人做某事 convince sb. that 使某人确信……‎ ‎(2)convincedadj. 信服的；相信的 be convinced of/that... 确信……‎ ‎(3)convincing adj. 令人信服的 语境助记 ‎①[2016·江苏高考]Stephen Francis observed then eighteen－year－old Shelly－Ann at a track meet and was_convinced_that he had seen the beginnings of true greatness.‎ 斯蒂芬·弗朗西斯在田径赛场上观察了当时 18 岁的谢利安并且相信自己发现了真正的天才。‎ ‎②[2016·天津高考]I tried to convince myself that the trouble was with the problem itself, not with me.‎ 我努力使自己相信麻烦是问题本身的事而不是我的原因。‎ ‎③You need to convince your interviewer of your ability to master the work.‎ 你需要让你的面试官相信你有熟练掌握这种工作的能力。‎ ‎④His mother has been trying to convince him to_see a doctor.‎ 他妈妈一直设法说服他去看医生。‎ ‎⑤I'm convinced that sooner or later we will succeed.‎ 我坚信我们迟早会成功的。‎ ‎⑥There is now convincing evidence that smoking causes lung cancer.‎ 现在有令人信服的证据证明，吸烟可引起肺癌。‎ ‎3 direct vt.& vi.导演；指挥；指示 adj.径直的；直接的；直率的 adv.直接地 Charlie Chaplin wrote，directed and produced the films he starred in.(P18)‎ 查理·卓别林自编、自导、自制他主演的电影。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎(1)direct sb. to_do sth. 指示(令)某人做某事 direct＋that... (should)＋do ... 指示……‎ ‎(2)directionn. 方向；方位； 指点；指示；说明书 in the direction of... 朝……方向 under the direction of... 在……指导下 in all directions(＝in every direction) 朝四面八方 directions(＝instructions) n. (常用复数) 说明(书)‎ ‎(3)directlyadv. 直接地；径直地；坦率地；马上 conj.(＝as soon as＝immediately＝instantly) 一……就……‎ 名师点睛 direct 表示“命令”时，后可以引导 that 从句，从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用( should( do。‎ 语境助记 ‎①Would you please direct_me_to the zoo?‎ 请问去动物园怎么走？‎ ‎②His boss directed_him_to_cancel the meeting.‎ 他的老板指示他取消这次会议。‎ ‎③The judge directed_that the child (should)_be taken good care of by his mother.‎ 法官判决孩子由母亲好好照看。‎ ‎④It is an adventure film directed_by Peter Sallis.‎ 这是一部由彼得·萨利斯导演的冒险电影。‎ ‎⑤When the police arrived, the crowd scattered in_all_directions.‎ 警察来时，群众向四面八方散去。‎ ‎⑥[2016·浙江高考]During my first quarter, I spoke directly_to the Chancellor (校长), asking him for support towards my initiatives (提议)．‎ 在第一季度，我就直接跟校长说，让他支持我的提议。‎ ‎⑦He came directly I called.‎ 我一打电话他就来了。‎ ‎4 particularly adv.尤其；特别 Children particularly would burst into laughter at his behaviour.(P20)‎ 孩子们尤其对他的表演报之以大笑。‎ 归纳拓展 Particular adj.特殊的；特别的；挑剔的 n.细节；细目 be particular about... 对……讲究/挑剔 in particular＝particularly 尤其；特别；格外 语境助记 ‎①[2016·江苏高考]This function of the Internet is particularyly striking when I'm writing.‎ 在我写作时网络的功能尤其让人印象深刻。‎ ‎②Micro messages are very popular in recent years, particularly among young people.‎ 近年来，微信大受欢迎，尤其在年青人当中。‎ ‎③She is_so_particular_about her housework that servants will not work for her.‎ 她对家务如此挑剔以至于佣人们都不愿给她干活了。‎ ‎④This company has launched several types of cars this year, and one in_particular appeals to the young.‎ 今年这家公司发布了几款车型，有一款对年青人特别有吸引力。‎ ‎5 astonishing adj.令人感到惊讶的 You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk.(P18)‎ 你可能感到惊奇，查理刚会说话时大人就教他唱歌，他刚会走路时大人就教他跳舞。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎(1)astonished adj.感到惊讶的 ‎(2)be astonished at/by sth. 因/对某事感到惊讶 be astonished to_do sth. 对做某事感到惊讶 It astonishes/astonished sb. that... 令某人惊讶的是……‎ be astonished that... 对……感到惊讶 ‎(3)astonishment n. 惊讶 to one's astonishment 令某人惊讶的是 语境助记 ‎①It was astonishing that she should accept such a challenging job.‎ 令人吃惊的是她竟然接受这么具有挑战性的工作。‎ ‎②We were astonished at/by the news of her sudden death.‎ 她突然去世的消息使我们震惊。‎ ‎③What astonished me was that he didn't seem to mind.‎ 让我感到诧异的是他好像毫不在乎。‎ ‎④To_the_astonishment_of many people, Peng Liyuan gave a speech in English at the UN meeting in New York, the US.‎ 彭丽媛在美国纽约的联合国会议上用英语演讲，让很多人大吃一惊。‎ ‎⑤Much to_my_astonishment,_she still remembered my name!‎ 使我万分惊讶的是，她仍然记得我的名字！‎ 过关演练 单句语法填空 在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎1．I could hear everyone ________ (whisper), “Who in our school could draw that well？”‎ 答案：whispering 考查“hear＋宾语＋宾补”结构。everyone 与 whisper 之间为主动关系，结合语境可知，该动作正在进行，故填 whispering。‎ ‎2．Though he graduated from a famous university, he was ________ failure as a teacher.‎ 答案：a 考查冠词的用法。抽象名词具体化时，通常在名词前加不定冠词， a failure “一位失败者”。‎ ‎3．According to my own understanding, a good teacher is also a good ________ (perform) in class.‎ 答案：performer 考查词性转换。a good performer“一个好的表演者”。‎ ‎4．Lucy has a great sense of humor and always ketif her colleagues ________ (amuse) with her stories.‎ 答案：amused 考查“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构。amuse 与 her colleagues 之间为动宾关系，故填amused。‎ ‎5．I can remember few occasions ________ he was absent from class in primary school.‎ 答案：when 考查定语从句。occasion 作先行词时，若从句中不缺主语和宾语时要注意 when 与where 的选择，结合语境可知，此处应缺少时间状语，故填 when。‎ ‎6．If you had read the ________ (direct) carefully, some mistakes in the ‎ exam could have been avoided.‎ 答案：directions 考查词性转换。此处冠词后应填名词，且表示“说明”时，应为复数。‎ ‎7．The play was so ________ (humour) that the audience laughed all the way through it.‎ 答案：humourous 考查词性转换。humourous 形容词，“幽默的”。‎ ‎8．So far there is no ________ (convince) evidence that there exists life in outer space.‎ 答案：convincing 考查词性转换。结合语意及结构分析可知，此处应表示“令人信服的”，故答案是 convincing。‎ ‎9．To be honest, I'm very content ________ my life at present.‎ 答案：with 考查固定搭配。be content with 意为“对……满足/满意”。‎ ‎10．The young are ________ (particular) willing to accept this concept because at heart every child wants to grow into a happy, healthy, contributing adult.‎ 答案：particularly 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处应填副词修饰形容词，因此填particularly。‎ ‎1 badly off 穷的；缺少的 Unfortunately his father died, leaving the family even worse off, so Charlie spent his childhood looking after his sick mother and his brother.(P18)‎ 不幸的是他的父亲过世了，使得他的家境更加艰难，因此，卓别林童年时期都在照顾他生病的母亲和弟弟。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎(1)be well off 境况很好；富裕 be better off 境况较好 be worse off 更穷的 ‎(2)badly off for＝in need of 缺少……‎ ‎(3)worse_and_worse 越来越坏；每况愈下 go from bad to worse 越来越坏；每况愈下 to_make_matters_worse＝(and) what is worse 而更糟糕的是 语境助记 ‎①We were so_badly_off when we first married that we could afford to heat only one room in the house.‎ 我们刚结婚时非常穷，以致房子里只有一间屋子用了暖气。‎ ‎②The school is really quite badly_off_for books.‎ 这个学校的确非常缺少图书。‎ ‎③To_make_matters_worse,_my car broke down on the way.‎ 使得情况更糟的是，我的车在途中出了故障。‎ ‎2 pick out 挑出；辨别出；挑选；领会；理解 Then he picks out the lace of the shoe and eats it as if it were spaghetti.(P18)‎ 然后他挑出鞋带来吃，像是吃意大利面条一样。‎ 归纳拓展 pick up 拾起；捡起；收拾；整理；(偶然)学会；用车接某人；收听到；身体好转 pick off 摘掉；摘下来 pick one's pocket 扒窃；掏包 pick one's way 择路而行；小心看着路行走 语境助记 ‎①The police asked him if he could pick_out the killer from a series of photos.‎ 警察问他能否从一组照片中认出凶手。‎ ‎②It's surprising that your brother pick_up_Russian so quickly—he hasn't lived there very long.‎ 你弟弟学会俄语如此快真令人吃惊，他在俄国没待多久。‎ ‎③[2016·北京高考]The first musher, Shannon, picked_up the medicine from the train at Nenana and rode all night.‎ 第一个赶狗拉雪橇的人，香农在内南纳的车站拿到药，然后连夜赶路。‎ ‎④写出下列句子中 pick up 的含义 a．Sally walked onto the platform, picked up a piece of chalk and wrote on the blackboard：“Rule 1:‎ We are family！”拾起；捡起 b．My friend began to pick up after staying in hospital for several days.身体好转 c．I am wondering whether you can pick me up at the airport. ‎ 用车接某人 d．Here is a tip I picked up from my mother.(偶然)学会 ‎3 cut off 切断(水、电、煤气)供应；断绝 Charlie cuts off the leather top of the shoe and shares the shoe with the other fellow.(P18)‎ 查理把皮鞋上端的皮子切下来，和另一个同伴分享皮鞋。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎(1)cut sb. off 中断(电话通话)；停止(供给)‎ cut sth. off 切掉；割掉；阻挡 cut...off from... 切断……的去路；使……与外界隔绝 ‎(2)cut out 切去；删掉 cut up 切碎 cut down 砍倒；压缩；缩减 cut in 插嘴 cut through 凿穿；抄近路；剪断 语境助记 ‎①The village was_cut_off by the heavy snow for more than a month.‎ 这个村庄被大雪封闭了一个多月。‎ ‎②Don't cut_in while others are speaking.‎ 别人说话的时候不要插嘴。‎ ‎③When you give a speech, you'd better cut_down unimportant details.‎ 当你演讲时，最好删掉那些不重要的细节。‎ ‎④She was really cut_up when all her friends refused to help her.‎ 当所有的朋友都拒绝帮助她时，她真地很难过。‎ ‎⑤用 cut 相关短语填空 a．I was speaking to Ann on the phone when suddenly we were cut_off.‎ b．The ship cut her way through the wave.‎ c．Cutting_down costs is a good way to make profits.‎ d．Don't hesitate to cut_out the useless information in your passage.‎ 过关演练 选词填空 pick out； be content with； be particular about； badly off； up to now； react to； cut off； slide into； wear out； be caught in ‎1．Remember to ________ the fat before you fry the steak.‎ 答案：cut off ‎2．As the summer vacation is approaching, it's high time that parents ________ some training courses for their children.‎ 答案：picked out/should pick out ‎3．Don't be too hard on yourself. ________ what you have is the key to happiness.‎ 答案：Being content with ‎4．His marriage broke up and his company was closed down, which left him ________ than ever before.‎ 答案：worse off ‎5．He was observed ________ the house and help himself to what he liked before the owner came back.‎ 答案：to slide into ‎6．How did they ________ your suggestion at the meeting?‎ 答案：react to ‎7．I haven't had any big success ________. However, I'll keep trying.‎ 答案：up to now ‎8．________ a heavy rain should be an unforgettable experience, which I'll remember forever.‎ 答案：Being caught in ‎9．He had looked weak, ________ by meeting so many families and friends on his return.‎ 答案：worn out ‎10．He ________ food while he doesn't care about money.‎ 答案：is particular about ‎1 As Victor Hugo once said，“Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face”，‎ and up to now nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin. (P18)‎ 维克多·雨果曾经说过：“笑容如阳光，驱走人们脸上的冬天。”关于这一点，直到今天也没有人能比查理·卓别林做得更好。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎(1)as 引导非限制性定语从句，代指整个主句的内容，可放在主句之前、之后或中间，意为“正如；像”。‎ ‎(2) as 引导非限制性定语从句的常见搭配：‎ as we all know 众所周知 as often happens 正如经常发生的那样 as we expect 正如我们预料的那样 as you can see 如你所见 as has been said above 如上所述 as is often the case 这是常有的事 语境助记 ‎①As the saying goes, “A good beginning is half the battle.”‎ 常言道，“良好的开端是成功的一半”。‎ ‎②Such people as were recommended by him were reliable.‎ 他所推荐的人是可靠的。‎ ‎③As_is_often_the_case with language learning, Mandarin learning also calls for lots of practice.‎ 正如学习语言一样，学习普通话也需要大量的练习。‎ ‎④The explorer took only such men and things as he really needed into the jungle.‎ 这个探险者进入丛林时仅仅带了这些他确实需要的人和物品。‎ ‎⑤A good many proposals were raised in the meeting, as_was_expected.‎ 正如所预料的一样，许多好的建议在会议上被提出。‎ 名师点睛 在 such...as...结构中，as 引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语或宾语；而 such...that...结构中 that 引导结果状语从句，在从句中不作任何成分。‎ This is such a difficult question as nobody can work out.‎ 这是一个没人能解决的那么难的一个问题。‎ This is such a difficult question that nobody can work it out.‎ 这是一个那么难的问题，以至于没人能解决。‎ ‎2Unfortunately his father died, leaving_the_family_even ‎_worse_off...(P18)‎ 不幸的是他的父亲去世了，使得他的家境更加艰难……‎ 归纳拓展 leaving...为现在分词短语作结果状语。表示自然而然的结果。‎ 现在分词作结果状语常表示“预料、情理之中”，而不定式作结果状语常表出乎意料的结果。‎ 语境助记 ‎①[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]Today all three generations regard the move as a success, giving_them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.‎ 今天这三代人都认为这次搬家是成功的，使他们有了比居住在不同的城市更密切的关系。‎ ‎②The sunlight is white and Blinding,‎ ‎ throwing_hard-edged_shadows_on_the_ground.‎ 阳光明亮刺眼，在地上投射出轮廓清晰的影子。‎ ‎③She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.‎ 她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，摔成了碎片。‎ ‎④[2016·江苏高考]She must be one of those one－hit wonders that spring up from time to time, only to_disappear again without signs.‎ 她一定是那种偶尔出现的昙花，在没有征兆的情况下就会再次消失。‎ ‎⑤He picked up a stone, only to_have it dropped on his own foot.‎ 他搬起石头却砸了自己的脚。‎ ‎⑥They reached the company out of breath only_to_be_told they were fired.‎ 他们上气不接下气地赶到公司，不料被告知他们被开除了。‎ ‎⑦Her father ran away from home, never to_be_heard_from again.‎ 她的父亲离家出走，从此杳无音讯。‎ 过关演练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎1．The news shocked the public, ________ (lead) to great concern about students' safety at school.‎ 答案：leading 考查现在分词作状语。“leading to...”此处作结果状语。‎ 句意：这条新闻使广大民众感到很震惊，引起了人们高度关注在校学生们的安全。‎ ‎2．With everything ________ (prepare) well, he believed he could succeed.‎ 答案：prepared 考查 with 的复合结构。prepare 和 everything 在逻辑上是动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾补，表状态。句意：一切都准备好了，他相信他会成功的。‎ ‎3．The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if ________ (carry) out regularly, can improve our health.‎ 答案：carried 考查条件状语从句中的省略。carry 与逻辑主语 the experiment 之间为动宾关系，故填过去分词。‎ ‎4．Though there is no one in the hall, he stands on the stage as if he ________ (watch) and expected to deliver a speech.‎ 答案：were being watched 考查虚拟语气和动词语态。as if 后的从句表示与现在事实相反，且watch 和 expect 与 he 之间为动宾关系，且正在进行。‎ ‎5．________hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.‎ 答案：However 考查让步状语从句的引导词。结合语意和句子结构可知，此处表示“无论怎样”。‎ Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎1．From what I have seen, few do homework, instead many are on their phones and talking,________________ who actually want to do work to ‎ complete any.‎ 从我所见，很少有人做作业，相反，许多人在打电话、聊天，使得那些想做工作的人去完成任何工作都不可能。‎ 答案：making it impossible for those ‎2．________________， the exam with four subjects altogether is held on June 7th and 8th.‎ 众所周知，四门功课的考试在 6 月 7 号和 8 号进行。‎ 答案：As is known to us all ‎3．By the time the parcel reaches you, I ________________.‎ 到你收到这个包裹时，我将已离开学校了。‎ 答案：will have left the school 动词-ing 形式作表语、定语和宾补 动词-ing 形式作表语 ‎1．表示主语的内容，可以转换到句首作主语。‎ Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. (＝Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job.)‎ ‎2．表示主语的某种性质和特征，这时通常可以看作形容词。‎ The problem is quite puzzling.‎ 动词-ing 形式作定语 动词的-ing 形式可以单独作定语，也可以构成合成词作定语，但是在更多情况下是分词短语作 定语，包括限制性和非限制性(用逗号和其他部分分开)，在意义上相当于一个定语从句。‎ The baby recognized his mother's smiling face.‎ The lecture, starting at 7：00 p．m. last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.‎ 动词-ing 形式作宾语补足语 动词-ing 形式作宾语补足语时，宾语与分词动作之间是主谓关系，即宾语是其逻辑上的主语。‎ 它主要用于以下两类动词后作宾语补足语。‎ ‎1．表示感觉和心理状态的动词，如 see, hear, feel, smell, watch, find, listen to, look at, notice, observe 等。‎ Suddenly we heard someone knocking gently on the window.‎ ‎2．使役动词。如 keep, have, get, leave, catch 等，后接动词-ing 形式作宾补。‎ 第 68 页 共 68 页 Don't leave the water running all the time.‎ I'm sorry to have kept you waiting.‎ 过关演练 单句语法填空 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。‎ ‎1．[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]Yet there is evidence ________ (suggest) that the trend is growing.‎ 答案：suggesting 考查动词－ing 形式作定语。evidence 与 suggest 之间为主动关系，因此用 suggesting。‎ ‎2．The park was full of people, ________ (enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.‎ 答案：enjoying 考查非谓语动词作定语。people 与 enjoy 之间为主动关系，故填 enjoying。‎ ‎3．On the bank of the river, we found him ________ (sit) on a beach, with his eyes ________ (fix) on akite in the sky.‎ 答案：sitting; fixed 两空均考查分词作宾补。前者与逻辑主语之间为主动关系，后者与逻辑主语之间为被动关系。‎ ‎4．The teacher called Tom to his office because he was caught ________ (cheat) in the exam.‎ 答案：cheating 考查固定短语。be caught doing sth. ，意为“被抓住做某事”。句意：老师把汤姆叫进办公室，因为他被抓住考试作弊了。‎ ‎5．My favorite cartoon character is Tom and Jerry. It's so ________ (excite) that we often feel ________(excite) when seeing it.‎ 答案：exciting; excited 考查分词作表语。exciting 表示“令人兴奋的”，用来描述事物本身的特征；‎ excited 表示“兴奋的”，表述人的主观心理，结合语境可知答案。‎ Ⅰ.完形填空(建议用时 17′)‎ ‎[2017·河北阶段检测]Years ago, I would wake up two or three times each night because of terrible pains. Having watched my father die of cancer, I __1__ that I also had a cancer. So I went to a clinic. A doctor examined me, gave me some medicine and cleared my mind of __2__ that I had a cancer. He suggested I should relax. After hearing these words, I felt __3__ and acted on the doctor's __4__. One day while I was looking over an accumulation of old __5__ on matters that were past and gone, I threw them into the wastebasket one by one. __6__ I stopped and said to myself, “Bill, why don't you do the__7__ thing with your worries that you are doing with these notes？” That idea gave me immediate __8__—gave me the feeling of a weight being lifted from me. From that day, I have made it a(n) __9__ to throw into the wastebasket all the __10__ that I can no longer do anything about.Then one day while my wife was wiping the dishes happily, another idea __11__ to me. I thought,‎ ‎“Look, Bill, how __12__ your wife is. Had she thought of washing the pile of dirty dishes like a barn these years, she would have been __13__ by the thought. The reason my wife doesn't __14__ washing the dishes now is that she washes only one day's dishes at a time.” I saw what my __15__ was. I was trying to wash today's dishes and yesterday's dishes and __16__ the dishes that weren't dirty yet. I saw how __17__ I was. I used to stand in front of people, telling other people how to live, yet I ‎ myself was leading a tense, worried, hurried existence. I felt __18__ of myself. Worries don't __19__ me anymore. I now throw yesterday's anxieties into the wastebasket, and I have__20__ trying to wash tomorrow's dirty dishes today.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。作者曾经生活得过度紧张，夜不能寐，甚至怀疑自己得了绝症，但他最终通过观察生活细节悟出了让自己生活轻松、充实的办法。‎ ‎1．A. declared B．feared C．acknowledged D．confirmed 答案：B 上文提到作者过去常常晚上因剧烈疼痛而醒来两、三次及目睹了他的父亲因癌症去世，所以担心(feared)自己也会患上癌症。‎ ‎2．A. dissatisfaction B．misfortune C．doubt D．threat 答案：C 由语境可知，医生给作者检查，开了药并消除了作者的疑虑(doubt)。‎ ‎3．A. relieved B．optimistic C．content D．depressed 答案：A 结合语境可知，作者听了医生的话以后，知道自己没得癌症，可推断出作者心里感到了宽慰(relieved)。‎ ‎4．A. opinions B．experience C．promises D．advice 答案：D 作者听从医生的建议。‎ ‎5．A. books B．papers C．notes D．clothes 答案：C 依据下文第 7 空后的“doing with these notes”提示可知，此处填 notes。‎ ‎6．A. Suddenly B．Gradually C．Eventually D．Obviously 答案：A 由上下文可知，作者前面一个接一个地扔掉便条，然后突然(suddenly)停下来并对自己说。‎ ‎7．A. meaningful B．same C．important D．unique 答案：B 由下文提到的作者要扔掉自己的麻烦问题可知，这里是要做和扔掉便条一样的(same)事情。‎ ‎8．A. anxiety B．confusion C．strength D．inspiration 答案：D 由语意可知，作者的这个想法给了自己灵感(inspiration)，同时使自己有一种如释重负的感觉。‎ ‎9．A. rule B．order C．difference D．plan 答案：A 结合语境可知，从那天起，作者就培养了一个习惯。‎ ‎10．A. habits B．achievements C．failures D．problems 答案：D 根据上文第 7 空后提到了“your worries”‎ 可知，这里是扔掉所有的麻烦(problems)。‎ ‎11．A. returned B．happened C．occurred D．appealed 答案：C 句意：一天，当我的妻子正快乐地洗盘子时，我突然有一个想法。...occur to sb. 意为“某人突然想到……”。‎ ‎12．A. determined B．pleased C．surprised D．puzzled 答案：B 从前面的信息：作者妻子快乐地洗盘子可知，这里是高兴的(pleased)。‎ ‎13．A. encouraged B．disappointed C．defeated D．surprised 答案：C 句意：如果想到这些年会洗堆得像谷仓一样大的脏盘子时，她一定会被这个想法击垮的。defeat“打败；击垮”。‎ ‎14．A. enjoy B．mind C．consider D．avoid 答案：B 由语境可知，作者的妻子不介意洗盘子的原因是她一次只洗一天的盘子。mind “介意”，后接动词－ing 形式。‎ ‎15．A. thought B．embarrassment C．excuse D．trouble 答案：D 由上文中作者妻子洗盘子的做法和第 16 空所在句子表明作者自己洗盘子的做法，可知作者明白了自己的问题所在。‎ ‎16．A. even B．still C．mainly D．partly 答案：A 作者自己不仅洗今天和明天的盘子甚至(even)还洗没有脏的盘子，可知，作者看到了自己的问题(trouble)所在。‎ ‎17．A. foolish B．intelligent C．modest D．abnormal 答案：A 由下文作者提到自己过去常常站在人们面前告诉大家怎么生活，自己却过着焦虑、紧张和匆忙的生活，可知此处作者觉得自己是多么愚蠢(foolish)。‎ ‎18．A. conscious B．ashamed C．proud D．terrified 答案：B 由前句内容可知，作者对自己感到很羞愧(ashamed)。‎ ‎19．A. convince B．oppose C．excite D．bother 答案：D 由下文作者现在把昨天的焦虑都扔掉可知，担忧不再困扰(bother)作者了。‎ ‎20．A. admitted B．delayed C．stopped D．regretted 答案：C'由句意可知，作者已经停止“今天提前洗明天的盘子了”。‎ Ⅱ.阅读理解(建议用时 16′)‎ A ‎[2019·天水一中考试]Recordings of angry bees are enough to send big, tough African elephants running away, a new study says. Beehives (‎ 蜂窝)—either recorded or real—may even prevent elephants from damaging farmer's crops. In 2002, scientist Lucy King and her team found that elephants avoid certain trees with bees living in them. Today, Lucy wants to see if African honeybees might discourage elephants from eating crops. But before she asked farmers to go to the trouble of setting up beehives on their farms, she needed to find out if the bees would scare elephants away. Lucy found a wild beehive inside a tree in northern Kenya and setupP1 a recorder. Then she threw a stone into the beehive, which burst into life. Lucy and her assistant hid in their car until the angry bees had calmed down. Next，Lucy searched out elephant families in Samburu National Reserve in northern Kenya and put a speaker in a tree close to each family. From a distance, Lucy switchedonP2 the pre-recorded sound of angry bees while at the same time recording the elephants with a video camera. Half the elephant groups left the area within ten seconds. Out of a total of 17 groups, only one group ignored the sound of the angry bees. Lucy reported that all the young elephants immediately ran to their mothers to hide under them. When Lucy played the sound of a waterfall (瀑布) instead of the angry bees to many of the same elephant families, the animals were undisturbed.‎ Even after four minutes, most of the groups stayed in one place.Lucy is now studying whether the elephants will continue to avoidW4 the sound of angry bees after hearing it several times. She hasn't tested enough ‎ groups yet to know, but her initial (最初的) results were promising enough to begin trials with farmers. She has now begun placing speakers in the fields to see if elephants are frightenedW5 away.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇科普说明文。科学研究发现生气的蜜蜂的声音能驱赶走大象，进而可能帮助农民保护庄稼。‎ ‎1．We know from the passage that elephants may be frightened of________.‎ A．loud noises B．some crops C．video cameras D．angry bees 答案：D 细节理解题。根据文中第一段可知，大象可能害怕生气的蜜蜂。故选 D。‎ ‎2．As mentioned in the passage, Lucy________.‎ A．works by herself in Africa B．needs to test more elephant groups C．has stopped elephants eating crops D．has got farmers to set up beehives on their farms 答案：B 细节理解题。从文中最后一段后两句“She hasn't tested enough groups yet to know...to seeif elephants are frightened away.”可知 B 正确。而 A 中“works by herself”表达错误，从文中第三段“Lucy and her assistant”可看出并非独自工作。C 项文中未提到，D 从第二段最后一句话可知错误。‎ ‎3．Why did Lucy throw a stone into a wild beehive?‎ A．To record the sound of bees.‎ B．To make a video of elephants.‎ C．To see if elephants would run away.‎ D．To find out more about the behavior of bees.‎ 答案：A 细节理解题。从文中第三段前半部分可知露西把一块石头扔进一个野生蜂窝的目的是为了录下蜜蜂的声音。‎ ‎4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A．Young elephants ignore African honeybees.‎ B．Waterfalls can make elephants stay in one place.‎ C．Elephants do not go near trees with bees living in them.‎ D．Farmers do not allow Lucy to conduct tests in their fields.‎ 答案：C 细节理解题。根据文中第二段第一句“In 2002, scientist Lucy King and her team found that elephants avoid certain trees with bees living in them.”可知选 C。A、B 两项从倒数第二段后半部分可知错误，D 项文中未提到。‎ W重点单词 ‎1．prevent vt. 阻止 2.scare vt. 使害怕 ‎3．undisturbed adj. 安静的；未被扰乱的 ‎4．avoid vt. 逃避；避免 ‎5．frighten vt. 使惊恐；吓唬 P重点短语 ‎1．set up 建立；成立 2.switch on 打开 B I always figuredW1 that comedians were the best kind of people to hangaroundwithP1 as a kid. They tell funny stories, make joke after joke, and happiness seems never to leave them. But time goes on, and we come to see these same people as clowns on the outside, but crying a river in the inside. Comedy from these people comes from a deep pain and sadness in their lives, or out of a deep－seated anger they have at the world around them.‎ Look at Richard Pryor. Need I say more? Richard seemed to have everything. For SupermanⅢ， he ended up getting more money than Christopher Reeve did. Yet he said while he was in his forties that the last truly happy moment he remembered in his life was when he was jumping around in the dirt while pretendingW2 to be a cowboy at the age of 10. This guy set himself on fire, and he played that for laugh while performing live at the SunsetStrip! Comedy was his constant weapon against pain, and he never heldanythingback.‎ The movie FunnyPeople understands very well this gloomy field many comedians have to survive in. It stars Adam Sandler as George Simmons, a famous comedian in the movie. Simmons has it all: a beautiful mansion overlookingW3 the sea, a swimming pool, great cars, and so on. But in his eyes, we see that he is a sad man who has come to truly look down upon himself for what he has become. All the wealth he has ‎ collected only serves to separate him from the rest of the world and it makes him defensiveW4 when around total strangers who cannot see him as a normal person. But now, he hears from his doctor that he has a terminal disease and has only months left to live. Simmons reacts to this news as if someone took away his blood in the heart, and it makes him clearly see just how much he hates his life. So now he has to make every minute count. Then come a series of funny stories.‎ Comedy_is_just_life_as_it_is,_isn't_it?‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。全文通过不同的例子证明了喜剧是喜剧演员把真实生活中的痛苦 进行加工和升华后创造出来的。‎ ‎5．What can we infer about “comedians” according to the text?‎ A．Comedians like to get along with kids.‎ B．Comedians' life is full of jokes.‎ C．Comedians often use their sad experiences.‎ D．Comedians often cry in their daily life.‎ 答案：C'推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句“Comedy from these people comes from a deep painand sadness in their lives, or out of a deep－seated anger they have at the world around them.”可知，喜剧来 自经历痛苦的人，即这些人会把这些痛苦经历转化为喜剧形式，并达出来。故选 C 项。‎ ‎6．When was the happiest moment for Richard Pryor?‎ A．When he played the part of SupermanⅢ.‎ B．When he got more money than Christopher Reeve.‎ C．When he pretended to be a cowboy in the childhood.‎ D．When he performed live at the SunsetStrip.‎ 答案：C'细节理解题。根据题干的关键词 Richard Pryor 可定位到文章第二段；根据第二段第五句“...the last truly happy moment he remembered in his life was when he was jumping around in the dirt while pretending to be a cowboy at the age of 10.”可直接得出答案为 C 项。‎ ‎7．Why was George Simmons unhappy?‎ A．He had no friends at all.‎ B．He spent too much on his house.‎ C．He wasn't accepted by the outside world.‎ D．He was hated by all the strangers around.‎ 答案：C'细节理解题。根据文章第三段第五句“All the wealth he has collected only serves to separate him from the rest of the world and it makes him defensive when around total strangers...”可知，是财富使西 蒙斯和外界隔离，并且他始终对陌生人有一种防备，而其他人也没有把他看作是正常人。故选 C 项(因人都讨厌他)太绝对。‎ ‎8．By saying “Comedy is just life as it is, isn't it？”， the author means________.‎ A．life like comedy will make you happy B．comedy comes from the sadness in real life C．there is no happiness at all in real life D．life is full of comedy in reality 答案：B'推理判断题。文章首段末句就明确指出喜剧来自于喜剧演员生活中的痛苦和悲伤，然后通过不同的例子来证明。作者认为生活中总是充满了痛苦，只是喜剧演员将痛苦进行了加工并以艺术形式呈现。故选 B 项。C 项(实际生活中根本没有幸福)太绝对。‎ W重点单词 ‎1．figure vt. 认为；认定；计算 2.pretend vi. 假装；佯装 ‎3．overlook vt. 忽略；不予理会；俯视 ‎4．defensive adj. 防御的；保护的 ‎5．count vi. 重要 P重点短语 ‎1．hang around with sb. 和某人长时间待在一起闲荡 ‎2．hold sth. back 不向(某人)透露某事；隐瞒某事 Ⅲ.短文改错(建议用时 8′)‎ When I was young, I had no interest on English classes. I enjoyed other subject, but I didn't like English. I was unable to pronounce those words correct. My English scores were unacceptable and I even wanted give up. Luckily, my English teacher lent me the hand. She gave me several useful tips on learning English and encouraged I to talk with her in English. Then something amazed happened. It all start to make sense. I took pride in talk to people. I didn't feel like as a failure any more and I started to ‎ make progress. In fact, English has become one of my strengths now.‎ 答案：‎ 第一处：on→in have interest in...“对……有兴趣”。‎ 第二处：subject→subjects 考查名词复数形式。other subjects“其他科目”。‎ 第三处：correct→correctly correctly 修饰动词 pronounce。‎ 第四处：wanted 后加 to want to do sth.“想要做某事”。‎ 第五处：the→a lend sb. a hand “帮某人忙”。‎ 第六处：I→me encourage sb. to do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”，该短语中 sb.应用宾格形式。‎ 第七处：amazed→amazing amazing 修饰 something 作后置定语。‎ 第八处：start→started 根据上下文可知，应用一般过去时。‎ 第九处：talk→talking 因为前有介词 in，因此用动词-ing 形式。‎ 第十处：去掉 as feel like...“感觉像/是……”，后面直接接名词，as 多余，把 as 去掉。 ‎