【英语】2019届一轮复习人教版必修二Unit1Culturalrelics教案

【英语】2019届一轮复习人教版必修二Unit1Culturalrelics教案

Unit 1 Cultural relics教案 本单元以cultural relics为话题，旨在通过单元教学使学生了解世界文化遗产，学会描述它们的起源。发展和保护等方面的情况，复习并掌握定语从句，能在英语口语交际过程中判断别人给出的依据，并给出自己的观点，能回信并就如何保护和处理世界文化遗产给出自己的观点。‎ ‎1.Warming up假设你是一个文化遗产部门的工作人员，被派往一个小村镇，去调查一个罕见的明朝花瓶被盗事件。这时有一个男的试图阻止你，并坚持认为这个花瓶是属于他家的，那么对此，你要对他说些什么？‎ ‎    2. Pre-reading是Reading的热身部分，有两个问题组成。第一个问题是想出一个你了解的文物遗产，如果这个文物遗产不见了，你会感觉如何，为什么会有这样的感觉？第二个问题是你发现了一个文物遗产，那么你会怎么处理它？这样的两个问题便为引出Reading: In Search of the Amber Room做好了铺垫。‎ ‎    3. Reading是关于寻找丢失了的普鲁士国王威廉一世送给俄罗斯沙皇的那个琥珀屋的建立、被毁、重建的整个历史。第一段说The Amber Room has “strange” history，并对它进行详细的描述。第二段叙述了The Amber Room的来历及其在俄国的用途：沙皇的冬宫和会见重要客人的会客室。第三段叙述了叶卡捷琳娜二世派人把琥珀屋搬到了圣·彼得堡郊外她避暑的宫殿中，并按照她的意愿对这个琥珀屋进行了重新设计，使之成为世界上最伟大的奇迹之一。第四段，叙述了1941年9月，纳粹德军入侵圣·彼得堡，并掳走了琥珀屋，使之成为一个谜。第五段，讲述了现在德俄两国人民依据旧的琥珀屋，在夏宫建立了一个新的琥珀屋。设计这篇文章的目的是让学生从文化遗产的历史中，体验人类文明发展的过程，提高学生保护文化遗产的意识，并进行整体评价，由易到难，有较好的梯度，全面考查了学生对文章的理解。通过真实有趣的内容，不仅让学生在阅读过程中学习相关的语言知识，提高阅读技能，还帮助学生增加了对琥珀屋作为文化遗产历史知识的认识。让学生学习与文化遗产描述和保护有关的词汇、短语、句型。让学生了解琥珀屋的历史，了解世界文化遗产，特别是中华民族的文化遗产，增强文化遗产保护意识，从而增强民族自豪感和对国家、对社会、对全人类的热爱。‎ ◆ 教学目标 Knowledge objectives:‎ Get students to know about what a cultural relic is.‎ Learn some detailed information about the Amber Room.‎ Ability objectives:‎ ‎1. Train students’ ability to grasp key information by skimming、 scanning、careful reading and listening.‎ ‎2. Enable students to talk about the story of the Amber Room.‎ Emotion objectives:‎ Get students to understand that cultural relic is a symbol of a country.‎ Cultivate the students’ loving for cultural relics.‎ Target language objectives:‎ ‎ 1. Important words and phrases culture, state, look into, rare, vase, belong to, in search of, gift, ton, stone, melt, once, heat, design, fancy, style, jewel, king, artist, in return, reception, light, wonder, at war, remove, furniture, secretly, wooden, doubt, remain, mystery, apart, take apart.‎ ‎2. Important sentence style In return, the Czar gave the King of Prussia 55 of his best soldiers.  ‎ This was a time when the two countries were at war.‎ There was no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for …..‎ After that , what really happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery.‎ I think highly of those who are searching for the Amber Room.‎ ◆ 教学重难点 ◆ Enable the students to get the key information by skimming 、scanning、careful reading and listening.‎ Enable the students to talk about the story of the Amber Room.‎ ◆ 教学方法 ◆ Listen to the tape.‎ Presentation and group discussion.‎ Cooperative learning and speaking.‎ ◆ 课前准备 ◆ A recorder, a computer, multi-media ◆ 教学过程 Step1. Greetings and revision.‎ Review what cultural relics are and show some examples of them.‎ ‎(设计意图：通过呈现图片，引起学生对本单元话题的兴趣，使学生明确文化遗产的概念)‎ Step2. Lead-in Show some pictures of amber and the Amber Room. Ask students some questions and let them predict what this passage is about according to the title-----In search of the Amber Room.‎ ‎(设计意图：通过让学生观察琥珀，琥珀饰品和琥珀屋回答问题，使学生把琥珀和文化遗产联系起来，从而引入阅读主题。并让学生根据课文标题预测阅读内容，培养学生的阅读技巧—predicting from the title)‎ Step3. Reading.‎ Skimming Ask students to read through the article without details to check their prediction and find out the main idea.‎ ‎(设计意图：请学生略读课文内容，检查自己预测是否准确，并对课文内容有大体的了解)‎ Scanning Ask students to find out important names appearing in the text. Fill in the chart with information about how they are related to the Amber Room.‎ ‎(设计意图：通过填表让学生学会根据时间、人物等关键词快速确定主要信息)‎ Careful reading ‎（1）Listen to the first paragraph and try to get the main idea.‎ ‎（2）Read the second paragraph and find out what happened to the Amber Room.‎ ‎（3）Read the third paragraph and fill in the blanks.‎ ‎（4）Read the last two paragraphs and complete the missing words and answer questions.‎ ‎（5）Ask students to read the complete article and put the statements in right order.‎ ‎(设计意图：通过仔细阅读和分析课文重点内容培养学生的分析能力，同时使他们进一步理解和掌握文章的细节内容)‎ Retelling Encourage students to retell what happened to the Amber Room according to the given time sequence.‎ ‎ (设计意图：通过复述检查学生对文章大意的了解程度，并检测学生的归纳总结和口语表达能力) ‎ Step4. Discussion Do you think it is worthwhile to rebuild lost cultural relics such as Yuan Mingyuan? Give your reasons.‎ ‎(设计意图：通过讨论培养学生勤于思考的习惯，锻炼口语表达能力；同时增强学生保护文化遗产的意识)‎ Step5. Language points ‎1. In search of the amber room in search of 寻找；搜寻 The policemen started at once in search of the missing girl. （to search for)‎ 警察立刻动手去寻找那个失踪的女孩。‎ My father was in search of an old fellow soldier. ‎ ‎ 我爸爸在寻找一位老战友。‎ ‎【用法归纳】‎ in search of寻找；搜寻 search for＝look for＝hunt for 寻找 search sb./ sth. (for sb./ sth.) 搜查某人/某物（以搜寻到某人/某物） ‎ make a search for...搜查，搜寻 search sb./sth. out 找出某人/某物 The police searched the house for the stolen jewellry. ‎ I looked everywhere in search of my lost pen. ‎ I searched for the lost pen. ‎ 完成句子。‎ ‎①They started off at once __________________ the missing girl.他们立即出发，寻找失踪的女 孩。‎ ‎② The police ________ her ______ drugs. 警察搜查她，看她身上是否有毒品。‎ ‎【拓展】‎ in face of 面对……‎ in need/want of 需要 in honour of 为了纪念；为向……表示敬意 in praise of 歌颂……；表扬……‎ in place of 代替 in charge of 负责 in control of 控制 高考链接 ‎1.（2011湖北卷）30. When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside ___ younger men. ‎ A. in terms of B. in need of C. in favor of D. in praise of ‎2. (2009湖北卷)You’d sound a lot more polite if you make a request a question. ‎ A. in search B. in the form of C. in need of D. in the direction of ‎ ‎3. （2008天津卷） Many Chinese universities provided scholarships for students ______ financial aid. ‎ A. in favour of B. in honour of C. in face of D. in need of ‎4. Frederick William I, the King of Prussia, could never have imagined that this greatest gift to the Russian people would have such a amazing history. 普鲁士国王威廉一世绝不可能想到他送给俄罗斯人的大礼会有这样一段离奇的历史。（P.1 L1-2） ‎ ‎【知识点1】 could never have imagined为情态动词表推测的用法.‎ ‎ can /could +have done 常用于疑问句和否定句中，表示对过去发生的事情的可能性推测。‎ He couldn’t have gone abroad, as I saw him just now. ‎ Could/Can he have been told the news? ‎ ‎ can /could接原形，表示对现在或一般情况的否定推测。 ‎ The light is out. They can‘t be at home. ‎ ‎【拓展】could have done用于肯定句，则表示“本来能够做到却没有做到”， 即和过去事实相反的语气，表示对过去发生事情的遗憾和谴责之情，此时 could不能换成 can。‎ You could have passed the exam. 你本来可以通过考试的。‎ We could have lent him the money but he didn’t tell us he needed the money. ‎ 我们本来可以把钱借给他，但他没有告诉我们他需要钱。‎ 完成句子：‎ ‎(1) He knew nothing about the book. He _______ it before. 他对那本书一无所知，他以前不可能读过。 ‎ ‎(2) Since the road is wet, it _______ last night. 路面还是湿的，昨晚准是下雨了 ‎(3) He _______ here on time, but he missed the last bus.他本来可以准时到这儿的，但是他错过了最后一班车。‎ ‎(4) He paid for a seat, when he have entered free.他本可以免费进入，却买了票。‎ ‎【知识点2】amazing adj. 令人惊喜的，了不起的 an amazing achievement/discovery 惊人的成就/发现 Winning the first prize is an amazing achievement. 得一等奖是了不起的成就。‎ She has an amazing talent in music. 她在音乐方面有了不起的才华。‎ ‎【同根词】amazed adj. 吃惊的，惊奇的；amaze vt. 使惊愕；amazement n. 惊奇 ‎ ‎(2015四川) Little Tom sat watching the monkey dancing in front of him，_____ (amaze).‎ ‎3. This gift was the Amber Room, which was given this name because almost seven thousand tons of amber was used to make it. 这件礼物就是琥珀屋，它之所以有这个名字，是因为造这间房子用了将近7，000吨琥珀。（P.1 L2-3） ‎ One of his most famous films is “The Gold Rush”，which was made in 1925.他的最著名的电影是“淘金潮”，是在1925年拍摄的。 ‎ Chaplin lived the last years of his life in Switzerland，where he was buried in 1977. 卓别林的晚年是在瑞士度过的，并在1997年葬于瑞士。 ‎ ‎【运用】‎ Jenny is always absent from school, ____ I suppose is why she is criticized now and then.‎ ‎【辨析】‎ ‎（1）be used to do sth 是被动语态，意为“被用来做……”，‎ Coal can be used to produce electricity. 煤可以用来发电。 ‎ ‎（2）be used to sth. /doing sth. “习惯于……”，used为形容词， to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名.‎ When I was a child, I was used to walking long distance ‎ ‎ I have got used to going to school without breakfast. 我已习惯不吃早饭便去上学。 ‎ ‎（3）used to do “过去常常做……”，是情态动词，后跟动词原形，表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作或状态现在已经结束。‎ 否定形式为：didn’t use to do sth.或usedn’t to do sth.‎ 疑问形式为：Did he use to come?或 Used he to come? ‎ People used to believe that the earth was flat．过去，人们总以为地球是扁平的。（现在已不再这样认为）‎ ‎【运用】用used to/be used to do/be used to (doing) sth.填空。‎ ‎①He ________ go swimming, but now he doesn't.‎ ‎②The old couple (not) ________ living in the city.‎ ‎③Bamboo can ________ build houses.‎ ‎4. The design for the room was of the fancy style popular in those days. 屋子的设计是当时流行的极富艺术表现力的建筑样式。（P.1 L4-5） ‎ ‎(1) fancy adj. 奇怪的；异样的 ‎ vt. 想象；设想；爱好 n．想象力；幻想；爱好 fancy dress/clothes 奇装异服 fancy (one's) doing 想象(某人)做某事 Do you fancy going out this evening？今晚你想不想出去？‎ fancy用做动词，有时用于祈使句，表示惊奇，不相信，震惊等，后加名词、代词、动名词等做宾语。‎ Fancy meeting you here! 想不到在这儿遇见了你！‎ ‎(2) of后常接value, use, help, importance, difference等抽象名词，而且这些名词前也可用little, some, any, no, great等词修饰。‎ This dictionary is of great value to students. 这本词典对学生很有价值。 ‎ You will find the map of great help to travelers. 你会发现这副地图对旅游者很有帮助。 ‎ He is a man of great importance.‎ That's of no importance. 这无关紧要。‎ ‎[运用] This matter is of great importance to us. = This matter is very ___________‎ ‎5. It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels, which took the country‘s best artists about ‎ ten years to make. 琥珀屋嵌装着金银珠宝。一批国家最优秀的艺术家用了十年时间才把它完成。（P.1 L5-6）‎ 过去分词短语做a treasure定语 I have a typewriter made in England in 1948. ‎ Everyone agreed that it was the best and biggest work of amber art ever made. ‎ ‎【高考】(2012安徽卷)After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading, only to be told that it_____ (decorate). ‎ ‎【运用】(1) It is one of the funniest things ______（find）on the Internet so far this year.‎ ‎(2) Peter received a letter just now _____ (say) his grandma would come to see him soon. ‎ ‎6. However, the next King of Prussia, Frederick William, to whom the amber room belonged, decided not to keep it. 它是为腓特烈一世的宫殿制作的。然而，后来继位的普鲁士皇帝却决定不要它了。（P.2 L7-8）‎ ‎【知识点1】“介词+whom/which”引导定语从句。‎ She is the right person on whom we should depend. 她正是值得我们信赖的人。(depend on sb. 依赖某人)‎ Can you lend me the magazine about which you talked yesterday? 你能把昨天谈到的那本杂志借给我吗？（talk about谈论）‎ ‎【运用】‎ ‎(1) For me, Gone with the Wind is a very happy discovery, ____ I shall return frequently.‎ ‎(2) He was then admitted to a key university, ____ he graduated with honors. ‎ ‎【知识点2】belong to (在所有权等方面)属于；是……的成员 , 是……的组成部分, 是……的属性、职能等。‎ What political party does he belong to? 他属于哪个政治党派？‎ All the goods here belong to the school. 这里所有的物品都属于学校。‎ ‎【用法归纳】‎ ‎(1) belong to不用于被动语态，也不用于进行时态。‎ ‎(2) belonging to作后置定语。The garden belonging to me is large.‎ ‎(3) 后面在表达习惯上不要受汉语的影响用所有格，要接代词的宾格或名词作宾语。‎ 误：The house is belonging to my grandfather.‎ 误：The house is belonged to my grandfather.‎ 误：The house belongs to my grandfather’s.‎ ‎【运用】完成句子 ‎(1) That dictionary ____________ the library.那本词典是图书馆的。‎ ‎(2)As is known to us all，China is a developing country ________(belong) the third world.‎ ‎【知识点2】belong to (在所有权等方面)属于；是……的成员 , 是……的组成部分, 是……的属性、职能等。‎ What political party does he belong to? 他属于哪个政治党派？‎ All the goods here belong to the school. 这里所有的物品都属于学校。‎ ‎【用法归纳】‎ ‎(1)belong to不用于被动语态，也不用于进行时态。‎ ‎(2)belonging to作后置定语。The garden belonging to me is large.‎ ‎(3)后面在表达习惯上不要受汉语的影响用所有格，要接代词的宾格或名词作宾语。‎ 误：The house is belonging to my grandfather.‎ 误：The house is belonged to my grandfather.‎ 误：The house belongs to my grandfather’s.‎ ‎【运用】完成句子 ‎(1) That dictionary ____________ the library.那本词典是图书馆的。‎ ‎(2)As is known to us all，China is a developing country ________(belong) the third world.‎ ‎【高考链接】‎ ‎(1) (2014·浙江卷) While staying in the village, James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything ______ .‎ ‎   A. in return            B. in common           C. in turn               D. in place ‎(2)（2010江西卷）We give dogs time, space and love we can spare, and _____, dogs give us their all. ‎ A in all B in fact C in short D in return ‎【运用】完成句子 ‎①He gave her some roses _____________ her kindness.他送给她一些玫瑰答谢她的好意。‎ ‎②They let us use their computers, and ____________ we give them the results of our research.他们让我们使用他们的电脑，作为交换，我们给他们提供我们的研究成果。‎ ‎8. This was a time when the two countries were at war. 这是两国交战的时期。（P.2 L18-19） ‎ ‎【知识点1】when引导定语从句，修饰先行词a time。‎ We are living in an age when many things are done on computer. 我们生活在一个许多事情都在电脑上做的时代。‎ ‎【运用】There was time I hated to go to school .‎ A．a; that B．a; when C．the; that D．the; when ‎ ‎【知识点2】at war “处于战争状态”。at表示“处于……状态”。‎ at war处于交战状态 at work在上班 at play在玩 ‎ at peace处于和平中 at school在上学 at breakfast在吃早饭 ‎ at table在吃饭 at desk 在学习 at rest静止 ‎9. In less than two days 100,000 pieces were put inside twenty-seven wooden boxs. 在不到两天的时间里，6名工程师把琥珀屋拆卸成的10万个部分装进了27个木箱。（P.2 L21）‎ less than少于，小于(某一数目或数量)‎ It took me less than an hour to finish the work．完成那项工作花了我不到一个小时的时间。‎ It’s not far from here，so we can get there in less than five minutes．它离这儿不远，因此我们不用5分钟就到达那儿。‎ ‎【辨析】‎ less than 少于 not less than 不少于，至少 no less than 和……一样，多达(强调多) more than 多于；不仅仅 not more than 不多于，不超过，至多 no more than 仅仅(强调少)‎ ‎【运用】 (2009·浙江高考) It took _____ building supplies to construct these energy-saving houses．It took brains，too．‎ ‎ A．other than B．more than C．rather than D．1ess than ‎【用法归纳】‎ I don't doubt that...我确信……‎ I doubt whether (if)．..我怀疑是否……‎ There is no doubt that从句。毫无疑问……‎ beyond/out of doubt 毫无疑问地；确实地 without doubt 无疑地；确实地 注意：doubt 在肯定句中用 whether或 if引导从句，‎ ‎ 但在疑问句和否定句中用 that引导从句。‎ ‎11. After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery. 从那以后，琥珀屋的最终所归就成了一个谜。（P.2 L23）‎ ‎ (1) remain a mystery结构中，remain为系动词，意为“(继续)保持，仍然处于(某种状态)”，后接名词、形容词、分词、介词短语等做表语。‎ Where he has gone remains a mystery. 他去哪里了仍然是个谜。‎ If you won’t eat，you’ll just have to remain hungry! 如果你不吃只好饿着吧。‎ Much work remains undone. 还有大量的工作未做。‎ They remained listening. 他们一直在听。‎ The patient remained in danger. 病人仍处在危险中。‎ That remains to be seen. 那还有待观察。‎ ‎（2）remain还可用做不及物动词，意为“剩下，还有；( 继续)待在某处，继续存在，留下” ，不用于被动语态。 ‎ ‎ When others had gone, Mary remained and put back the furniture. 其他人走了以后，玛丽留下，并将教具放回原处。 ‎ The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the remaining 20 dollars. 这位女士说她要用剩下的20美元为她的女儿买一件礼物。‎ ‎【运用】‎ ‎(1)（安徽高考卷）It was already past midnight and only three young men in the tea house．‎ A．left B．remained C．delayed D．deserted ‎ ‎(2) （辽宁高考卷）Please remain ___（seat）； the winner of the prize will be announced soon.‎ ‎(3) Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains （see) whether they will enjoy it. ‎ ‎12. Is it worth rebuilding lost cultural relics such as the Amber Room or Yuan Mingyuan in Beijing? 重建丢失的文化遗迹如琥珀屋或北京的圆明园值得吗？（P.2 Comprehending）‎ worth prep. 值得的；相当于……的价值。n．价值；作用 adj. 值钱的 The picture is worth at least twenty pounds. 这张图片至少值二十英镑。 ‎ The question is not worth discussing again and again. 这个问题不值得一再讨论。‎ The book is well worth reading.这本书很值得一读。‎ 答案：1. such 2. which 3. to make 4. had 5. decorated 6. to be 7. to 8. it 9. In 10. as Step6. Discovering useful structures ‎ The Attributive Clause (Ⅱ) 定语从句（二）‎ 课文观察后的发现 ‎①This gift was the Amber Room, which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it.‎ ‎②The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellowbrown colour like honey.‎ ‎③It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels, which took the country's best artists about ten years to make.‎ ‎④However, the next King of Prussia, Frederick William Ⅰ， to whom the amber room belonged, decided not to keep it.‎ ‎⑤Later, Catherine Ⅱ had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers.‎ ‎⑥In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted.‎ ‎⑦This was a time when the two countries were at war.‎ ‎⑧There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for Königsberg, which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea.‎ ‎⑨As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health.‎ ‎⑩He kept silent all night, which was surprising.‎ ‎1．例句①中含which引导的非限制性定语从句；例②中含which引导的限制性定语从句；在形式上非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别在于：是否有逗号 。‎ ‎2．以上例句中含非限制性定语从句的有1，3， 4，8， 9，10；含限制性定语从句的有2，5，6，7。‎ ‎3．例句①⑧中的which不能替换成that，因为关系代词that不能引导非限制性定语从句。‎ ‎4．关系代词as和which都可以引导非限制性定语从句。其相同点：都可以指代主句的相同内容或部分内容；其不同点：①位置不同：as可位于主句 (例句⑨)，主句中间或主句之后； which只能位于主句之后。②译成的汉语不同：as常被译作“ 正如”之意，而则没有此意。‎ 定语从句 一、定义 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句必须置于被修饰词之后，且有引导词(关系词)引导。被修饰的词叫做先行词。关系词分为关系代词(who, whom, whose, that, which)‎ 和关系副词(when, where, why)。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中都要担任句子成分。关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等；关系副词在从句中作状语。‎ 二、非限制性定语从句引导词的选择 ‎1．关系代词的选择 ‎(1)非限制性定语从句的关系代词不能用that。指人时，如引导词作主语用who，作宾语用whom；指物时要用which。即使引导词作宾语也不能省略。‎ ‎①Mary, who is from Australia, is an old friend of mine.‎ 玛丽是我的老朋友，她来自澳大利亚。‎ ‎②The book, which our teacher bought yesterday, is very interesting.‎ 这本书很有意思，它是我们老师昨天买的。‎ 比较学习：‎ ‎1. I have a sister who works in a hospital.‎ ‎2. I have a sister, who works in a hospital.‎ ‎3. All the magazines here which have beautiful pictures in them were written by him.‎ ‎4. All the magazines here, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.‎ His father, who works in Beijing, came back yesterday.‎ 当先行词是地名人名、世界上独一无二的事物或家庭唯一成员时，通常只用非限制性定语从句。‎ Shanghai, which is in East China, is developing rapidly.‎ ‎(2)as和which的选择 as和which都可用来引导非限制性定语从句，来指代整个主句的内容。非限制性定语从句位于句末且as或which在从句中作主语、宾语或表语时，两者常可互换。‎ ① He married her, which/as was natural.‎ 他和她结婚了，这是很自然的事。（作主语）‎ ‎②He is an old kind fisherman, which/as anybody can see.‎ 任何人都能看得出来，他是一位善良的老渔夫。（作宾语）‎ ‎2．但要注意以下区别 ‎(1)如果非限制性定语从句位于主句之前或插在主句之中时，只能用as。‎ ‎①As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.‎ 众所周知，月球每月绕地球转一圈。‎ ‎②Einstein, as we all know, is a famous scientist.‎ 我们知道，爱因斯坦是一位著名的科学家。‎ ‎(2)as在从句中作主语，后面常跟行为动词的被动式； which在从句中作主语，其后常跟行为动词的主动式。‎ ‎①A big earthquake occurred in Xinjiang last night, as was reported on TV.‎ 据电视报道，昨天晚上新疆发生了大地震。‎ ‎②He passed the exam, which made his parents very happy.‎ 他通过了考试，这使得他父母很高兴。‎ ‎(3)as引导的从句在意义上不可与主句相悖，而which引导的定语从句不受此限制。‎ ‎①Chang’e I has been launched successfully, as was expected.‎ 嫦娥一号发射成功，正如所预料的那样。(语意一致)‎ ‎②The result of the experiment was very good, which we hadn't expected.‎ 试验的结果很好，这是我们没预料到的。(语意不一致)‎ ‎(4)as常用在一些固定结构中，如as we know/as is known to all(众所周知), as we all can see(正如我们大家都能看到的那样), as is often the case(情况常常是这样), as might be imagined(可以想像得到), as might be expected(正如所预料的那样), as has been pointed out(正如所指出的那样), as has been said before/above(正如前文所述), as (it) often happens(像往常一样)。‎ She has been absent again, as (it) often happens.‎ 像往常一样，她又缺席了。‎ ‎(5)当which在从句中指代的是先行词本身而不是主句时，不可用as代替which。‎ The dog, which we saw in the street yesterday, is Mary's.‎ 我们昨天在街道上见到的那条狗是玛丽的。‎ ‎ 3．关系代词和关系副词的选择 在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词和关系副词的选择方法和限制性定语从句一样：‎ 引导词在从句中作主语或宾语时，用关系代词；作状语时用关系副词。‎ The old man has a daughter, who is a doctor.‎ 这位老人有一个女儿，她是医生。(who作主语)‎ ‎ 三、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 ‎1．限制性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句与从句之间不用逗号分开。引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, that, which和关系副词when, where, why ‎。这些引导词一般只有在从句中作宾语时才可省略。‎ Anyone who breaks the rule will be punished.‎ 任何违反法规的人都要受到惩罚。‎ The doctor (whom) you are looking for is in the room.‎ 你要找的那个医生在房间里。‎ ‎2．非限制性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有从句不影响主句意思的完整。一般用逗号把主句和从句分开，通常不用关系代词that。‎ I have two sisters, who are both students.‎ 我有两个姐姐，她们都是学生。‎ I have lost the pen, which I like very much.‎ 我丢了钢笔，我非常喜欢这支钢笔。 ‎ ‎3．定语从句所修饰和限制的名词没有限制；同位语从句所说明的名词大都是抽象名词。‎ 常见的用于同位语从句的名词有news, fact, idea, thought, hope, order, promise, belief, suggestion, problem等。‎ ‎4．that在引导定语从句时在从句中作句子成分； that在引导同位语从句时不作句子成分，只起连接作用。‎ The news that they won the match is true.(同位语从句)‎ 他们比赛获胜的消息是真的。‎ The news (that) you told us yesterday is true.(定语从句)‎ 你昨天告诉我们的消息是真的。‎ Mr King was quickly taken to hospital.‎ Her legs were badly hurt.‎ Mr King, whose legs were badly hurt, ‎ was quickly taken to hospital.‎ We shall make a decision about Ms King.‎ I have told you her story.‎ We shall make a decision about Ms King,‎ whose story I have told you.‎ Do you know the girl?‎ Her hair is very short in our class.‎ 随堂练习 I.用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空 ‎1．May 1st, 2010, ________ the 2010 Shanghai Expo started, will be remembered by the Chinese.‎ ‎2．Smoking, ________ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.‎ ‎3．The worker with ________ my father works is about 50 years old.‎ ‎4．Do you know the reason ________ he is absent from school?‎ ‎5．That is the day ________ I'll never forget.‎ ‎6．Great changes have taken place since then in the company ________ we are working.‎ ‎7．This is one of the best films ________ have been shown this year.‎ ‎8．I lost a book, ________ name I can't remember now.‎ ‎9．________ is known to the world, China is making great progress.‎ Step7. Writing 如何写辩论类报告 辩论是人们基于自身对于某一事物的认知的不同立场而展开争论的过程，也就是彼此用一定的理由来说明自己对某事物或问题的见解,以便最后得到正确的认识或共同的意见。‎ 辩论报告一般分为四部分:‎ 第一部分，开门见山地说明辩论的主题和参与者等;‎ 第二部分，列举支持方观点及其理由;‎ 第三部分，列举反对方观点及其理由;‎ 第四部分，得出结论或给出自己的观点。‎ 注意:1.辩论报告属于议论文，要注意论点和论据之间的逻辑性以及不同论据之间的层次性。‎ ‎2.语言要精练、准确,观点要明确，避免使用太多的修辞和隐语。‎ 常用句型：‎ ‎1.We had a heated discussion about/on ...我们就……进行了激烈的讨论。‎ ‎2.Opinions about ...are divided.关于……意见有分歧。‎ ‎3. Different people hold different ideas/opinions.‎ 不同的人有不同的意见。‎ ‎4.People have taken different attitudes towards ...人们对于……持有不同的态度。‎ ‎5.The reasons are as follows.理由如下。‎ ‎6.Some are for/in favour of the idea that ...一些人赞成……的观点。‎ ‎7.People who are for the idea think that ...支持这种观点的人认为……‎ ‎8.Most of them support it.大多数人都支持它。‎ ‎9.Some of them hold a different view that ...一些人持有不同的观点……‎ ‎10.People who are against it don’t think so.反对的人不这么认为。‎ ‎11.Some people object that ...一些人反对……‎ ‎12.People who are against the idea think that ...反对这种观点的人认为……‎ ‎13.In my opinion .../As far as I am concerned .../As for me .../From my point of view ...就我而言……‎ ‎【此类话题可能用到的词汇与句子】‎ 词汇：‎ discussion, held, whether, on-line, support, opposite, view, communicate with, personally, agree with, in favour of ‎ besides, meanwhile, In a word, however, as far as I‘m concerned, are strongly against, First of all..., Secondly..., Finally... on the one hand，0n the other hand，therefore 句型：‎ ‎1. 开篇引入话题：文章的开头用简练的语言自然引入要讨论的话题。常用的表达有：‎ I’m writing to tell you about the discussion we’ve had about whether…‎ Is it a good idea to…?‎ Recently…have/ has had a heated discussion about whether…‎ Some people think that it is better a good way/a good idea…‎ Nowadays，quite a few people think/consider/ believe/ insist…‎ Quite a few changes have taken place in my school since you left schools. ‎ Things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce learning load. ‎ ‎3. 结尾简述个人看法：在文章的结尾根据写作的实际需要可简要、恰当地发表个人的看法。本部分常用的表达有：‎ I think/consider/believe/prefer…, because…‎ Personally．I agree with the view．The reason is that…‎ In my opinion, it would be much better to stay at home.‎ In a word, to read the original work is better than to see the film based on it. ‎ It is my opinion that students should place their study, health and safety before other things.‎ 写作模板 Recently we had a discussion about 　　　　　.Different people held different opinions. The results are as follows. ‎ ‎ Some people are in favour of the idea. They think 　　　　　will bring many benefits. First,　　　　　. Second,　　　　　. ‎ ‎ However, some people are against it. They argue that 　　　　　. Besides, 　　　　　. ‎ ‎ As far as I am concerned, it is wise/unwise to 　　　　　. ‎ 实战演练 阅读下面的文字，用英语写一篇120词左右的短文。‎ 许多老师和家长都希望高三的同学能住校学习，而很多同学却喜欢走读。假设你是李华，请根据下面表格中所提供的信息和你个人的看法，给某中学生英语报写一封信介绍有关情况。‎ 注意：1)信的格式已写好，但不记入总词数 ‎2)参考词汇：住宿 board v.‎ Dear Sir, ‎ I’m a student of Senior 3. I am writing to tell you about the discussion we’ve had about whether to board in the school or at home. ‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua Dear Sir,‎ ‎ I’m a student of Senior 3. I am writing to tell you about the discussion we’ve had about whether to board in the school or at home.‎ ‎ Many of our parents and teachers ask us to board in the school. They say it will be very convenient for us to ask questions whenever necessary. Besides, they think it’s possible for us to make full use of our time and develop our ability to be independent.‎ ‎ However, we students have our own thoughts. On our way to school or back home, we can get relaxed. It is quiet at home and we can study efficiently. What’s more, whatever we want while staying at home, we can be free to learn .‎ ‎ In my opinion, it is a better idea to stay at home in the evening.‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua Step8. Homework Listen to the tape and read the passage aloud, paying attention to pronunciation and intonation; sort out the sentences you don’t understand.‎ Write a short passage about how to protect cultural relics.‎ ‎(设计意图：通过让学生自己找课文中的难句和复习所学词汇培养其自学能力，鼓励学生根据讨论内容写一篇如何保护文化遗产的短文，这样既锻炼了写作能力，又增强了学生们的文化遗产保护意识)‎ ◆ 教学反思