2019届一轮复习外研版版选修六modlule6warandpeace语言点学案

2019届一轮复习外研版版选修六modlule6warandpeace语言点学案

On June 6,1944, allied (联盟的) troops from different countries invaded Normandy, France to Nazi Germany in World War Ⅱ. This is considered one of the most important events in the world. Here are some facts about DDay that you should know, the first day of the invasion of Normandy during World War Ⅱ.‎ The invasion of northwest Europe was called Operation Overlord. The landing operations were called Operation Neptune and the actual day of the landings was referred to as DDay. In preparation for the invasion, the actual day of the landings was not known in advance because it depended on the weather conditions. In fact, DDay was originally scheduled for June 5 at that time, but the weather conditions were unsuitable for a landing. Thus the operation was pushed back to June 6,1944.‎ Over 150,000 soldiers were involved. They mainly came from the United States, the UK, France, Norway and Canada. The landing operation had two parts. First, more than 20,000 soldiers would be parachuted (伞降) into Normandy, and then would land from ships. About 5,000 ships and more than 10,000 planes were used.‎ Surprise was key to the success of the attack. The weather helped hide the invasion, as did missions called Operation Glimmer and Operation Taxable to make the Germans believe that the landing was going to take place at different beaches. ‎ Operation Neptune began on June 6, 1944 (DDay) and ended on June 30, 1944. It was a success. There were five key beaches along the Normandy's coastline. The troops gave these beaches names: Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juno and Sword. The forces took control of the five key ‎ beaches, allowing major invasion force to be landed. Paris was freed from Nazi control on August 25,1944. The fighting on Omaha beach was the fiercest and many troops lost their lives as they tried to occupy the beaches.‎ Section_ⅠIntroduction & Reading — Prereading ‎[原文呈现]‎ The DDay Landings — Passage 1‎ In September 1939, Britain declared war on① Germany after Germany invaded② Poland. The war, which lasted③ until 1945④， is known as⑤ the Second World War. During the war, Germany occupied⑥ many countries, including France. The most important battle of the war in Europe was Operation⑦ Overlord, the military operation in 1944 to invade France.‎ Operation Overlord started when boats full of⑧ soldiers landed on the beaches⑨ of Normandy in France, known as the DDay landings. More than 5,000 ships crossed the English Channel, carrying 130,000 troops⑩ to the French coast⑪.‎ ‎[读文清障]‎ ‎①declare war on向……宣战 ‎②invade/In'veId/v.入侵，侵略 ‎③last/lɑːst/v.持续 ‎④which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰the war。‎ ‎⑤be known as作为……而闻名 be known for因为……而闻名 be known to为……所熟知 ‎⑥occupy/'ɒkjʊpaI/v.占领 be occupied in doing/with忙于做/从事……‎ ‎⑦operation/ˌɒpə'reIʃn/n.行动 the military operation军事行动 ‎⑧full of装满，是形容词短语作后置定语。‎ ‎⑨beach/biːtʃ/n.海滩 ‎⑩troop/truːp/n.部队；士兵 ‎⑪现在分词短语作伴随状语。‎ D日登陆——文章1‎ ‎1939年9月，英国在德国入侵波兰后向德国宣战。这场持续到1945年的战争就是著名的第二次世界大战。二战中，德国侵占了包括法国在内的许多国家。1944年进军法国的“霸王行动”是第二次世界大战中欧洲战场最重要的军事战役。‎ ‎“霸王行动”开始于D日登陆。当日，满载盟军士兵的战船在法国诺曼底海滩登陆。5 000多艘战船装载着13万人的军队穿越英吉利海峡抵达法国海岸。‎ Troops from the United States, Britain and Canada took part in⑫ the DDay landings. The operation was extremely⑬ dangerous and many soldiers were killed before they even got off the boats. American soldiers attempted⑭ to land at the most dangerous place, known as Omaha Beach.‎ The situation at Omaha Beach was so bad that⑮ the US army commanders⑯ thought about abandoning⑰ the invasion. Eventually⑱， the soldiers made a breakthrough⑲ and the DDay landings were successful. It was the beginning of the end of the Second World War.‎ Operation Overlord started as a story of danger and confusion⑳ and ended as a story of bravery and acts of heroism.‎ ‎⑫take part in参加 play a/an ... part in在……中起……作用 ‎⑬extremely adv.极其，很 ‎⑭attempt to do sth.企图/试图做某事 make an attempt to do/at doing sth.企图/试图做某事 ‎⑮so ... that ... 如此……以至于……，引导结果状语从句。‎ ‎⑯commander/kə'mɑːndə/n.指挥官 ‎⑰abandon/ə'bændən/v.放弃，抛弃 ‎⑱eventually/I'ventʃuəli/adv.最后，最终 ‎⑲make a breakthrough取得重大突破(进展)‎ ‎⑳confusion n．混乱　in confusion迷惑地 heroism/'herəʊˌIzm/n.英雄主义，英雄气概 来自美国、英国和加拿大的军队参加了D日登陆。这次登陆行动异常危险，很多士兵甚至还没来得及下船就牺牲了。美军士兵试图在最危险的奥马哈海滩登陆。‎ 奥马哈海滩的形势非常严峻，以至于美军指挥官都考虑放弃进攻了。最后，登陆战士取得了突破，D日登陆得以告捷。D日登陆是二战结束的前奏。,“霸王行动”以惊险和混乱开始，以英勇和无畏结束。‎ The DDay Landings — Passage 2‎ The soldiers of Able Company crossed the English Channel in seven boats early on the morning of 6 June 1944. When they were about 5 kilometres from the beach, the Germans started firing artillery shells at them but the boats were too far away. The Germans continued ‎ firing and Boat 5 was hit one kilometre from the beach. Six men drowned before help arrived. Twenty men fell into the water and were picked up by other boats. As a result， they missed the fighting on the beach. They were lucky. If they had reached the beach, they would probably have been killed.‎ When Boat 3 was a few metres from the beach, the soldiers jumped out, but the water was so deep that some of them disappeared under the water. Many of the men were either killed or wounded by machine gun fire.‎ artillery/ɑː'tIləri/n.大炮 shell/ʃel/n.炮弹 fire (...) at (用……)瞄准……进行射击 drown/draʊn/v.淹死，使溺死 fall into落入，掉进 pick up停下来让某人搭车(船等)；救起 as a result 因此，结果 If they had reached the beach是虚拟条件句，表示与过去事实相反的情况，主句用would have done的形式，从句用过去完成时。‎ deep/diːp/adj.深的 either ... or ...或者……或者……‎ wound/wuːnd/v.使受伤 D日登陆——文章2‎ ‎1944年6月6日清晨，“A连”的战士们乘坐7艘战船横渡英吉利海峡。当船离海滩5 ‎000米左右时，他们遭到了德军炮火的轰炸，但由于距离太远而没有被击中。德军继续射击。在离海滩1 ‎000米时，五号船被击中。6人在救援到来之前被淹死。另外20名战士落水后被其他船上的人救起。结果，他们没赶上海滩上的激战。他们很幸运。要是他们抵达了海滩就很有可能没命了。‎ 当三号船离海滩数米远时，战士们跳入海中。但由于海水太深，有的人沉入了海底。许多人被机枪射死或射伤。‎ The soldiers on Boat 1 and Boat 4 jumped into the water, but it was too deep and most of them drowned. Half an hour after the first attack， two thirds of the company (a company is a group of about 100 soldiers) were dead. The survivors lay on the beach, exhausted and shocked.‎ After an hour and fortyfive minutes, six of the survivors tried to climb up the cliff to get off the beach. Four were too exhausted to reach the top. The other two, Private Jake Shefer and Private Thomas Lovejoy, joined a group from another company and fought with them. Two ‎ men. Two rifles. This was Able Company's contribution to DDay.‎ attack n．攻击 two thirds三分之二 分数表达法：分子用基数词，分母用序数词；分子大于1时，分母用复数形式。‎ company/'kʌmpni/n.(陆军的)连，连队 survivor/sə'vaIvə/n.幸存者 survive v．幸存，存活 exhausted adj.疲惫不堪的 shocked/ʃɒkt/adj.(感到)震惊的，惊骇的 get off离开 too ... to ...太……而不能……‎ private/'praIvət/n.兵，士兵 contribution to对……的贡献 make a contribution to或make contributions to表示“对……做出贡献”。‎ 一号船和四号船上的战士也跳入海里。由于海水太深，大多数人都淹死了。第一次进攻开始之后半小时，该连队三分之二的将士都阵亡了(一个连大约有100名士兵)。死里逃生的战士躺在海滩上，疲惫不堪，心有余悸。,1小时45分钟后，6位幸存的战士试图爬上悬崖，离开海滩。其中4名战士由于筋疲力尽未能爬上顶端。另两位战士杰克·谢弗和托马斯·洛夫乔伊加入了另一连队，与他们并肩作战。两名战士，两支来复枪，这就是“A连”对D日登陆所作出的贡献。‎ The DDay Landings — Passage 3‎ On 6 June 2004, survivors of the DDay landings from many different countries returned to France to remember their lost comrades. Many of them went to the cemetery and memorialwhich overlooks Omaha‎ ‎Beach.‎ The cemetery and memorial are situated on a cliff overlooking the beach and the English Channel, from where the boats attempted their landings. The cemetery contains the graves of 9,386 Americans who died during the landings. The memorial also contains the names of more than 1,500 men who were never found.,cemetery n．墓地，公墓 memorial/mə'mɔːriəl/n.纪念碑；纪念馆 overlook/ˌəʊvə'lʊk/v.俯视，往下看 which overlooks Omaha Beach是定语从句，修饰the cemetery and memorial。‎ be situated on坐落于 from where引导非限制性定语从句，表示“从那里”。‎ grave/greIv/n.墓，墓穴 who died during the landings是定语从句，修饰9,386 Americans。‎ who were never found是定语从句，修饰more than 1,500 men。‎ D日登陆——文章3‎ ‎2004年6月6日‎，来自不同国家的D日登陆幸存者们回到法国，纪念他们阵亡的战友。他们当中有许多人去了俯瞰奥马哈海滩的公墓和纪念碑。‎ 公墓和纪念碑坐落在一处悬崖之上，从那里可以俯瞰海滩和英吉利海峡，当时一艘艘船只就试图从那里登陆。公墓包括登陆时阵亡的9 386位美军战士的坟墓。纪念碑上还刻有1 500多名失踪战士的名字。‎ On the memorial, there is part of a poem called “For the Fallen”， which was written by an English poet， Lawrence Binyon: ‎ They shall not grow old, as we that are left grow old.‎ ‎ Age shall not weary them, nor the years condemn.‎ At the going down of the sun and in the morning We will remember them.‎ The poem was first published in The Times Newspaper on 14 September 1914 and can be seen on war memorials in many parts of the world.,which was written by an English poet是非限制性定语从句，修饰“For the Fallen”。‎ weary/'wIəri/v.使人疲倦；使人厌烦 condemn/kən'dem/v.责难；谴责 go down(日、月)西落，落到地平线下 publish v．出版，发行 war memorial战争纪念碑 纪念碑上镌刻着英国诗人劳伦斯·比尼恩所作诗歌《致倒下的战士》中的一节：‎ 他们永远不会变老，当我们活着的人都已老朽；‎ 年华不能使他们厌倦，岁月也不会让他们愧疚；‎ 日落日出，我们缅怀他们直到永久。‎ 这首诗最初刊载于‎1914年9月14日的《泰晤士报》上，在世界许多地方的战争纪念碑上都能见到。‎ Prereading Please match the words with their proper meanings.‎ ‎1．abandon　　　 A．to have or give a view from above ‎2．drown B．to save or set free from harm, danger or loss ‎3．last C．to damage the body of sb.‎ ‎4．occupy D．to continue existing or happening ‎5．eventually E．to express very strong disapproval of sb./sth.‎ ‎6．wound F．to enter a place in a large group and take control of it ‎7．shocked G．at the end of a process or period of time ‎8．overlook H．to die by being under water too long and unable to breathe ‎9．condemn I．to leave someone when you should stay with him and look after him ‎10．rescue J．very surprised and upset by something bad that happens unexpectedly ‎1～5　__________　6～10　__________‎ 答案：1～5　IHDFG　6～10　CJAEB Leadin The pictures below show us scenes before the DDay landings on the Normandy coast of Germanoccupied France.How much do you know about the DDay landings?‎ 参考答案：In_the_Second_World_War,_Germany_occupied_many_countries._In_these_countries_France_is_included._The_United_States,_Britain_and_Canada_united_to_invade_France_against_Nazi_domination._We_call_the_event_that_the_soldiers_of_these_countries_landed_on_the_beaches_of_Normandy_in_France_the_DDay_landings.‎ Whilereading ‎ Fastreading Skim the passages and choose right main ideas for them.‎ Passage ‎1　‎ A．describing the memory of the DDay landings Passage 2 B．introducing the reason of the DDay landings Passage ‎3 ‎ C．telling us the history of the Able Company Passage 1：　Passage 2：　Passage 3： Carefulreading ‎(Ⅰ)True (T) or False (F)．‎ ‎1．The Second World War lasted for five years.__F__‎ ‎2．The soldiers getting off the ships were killed by German soldiers.__F__‎ ‎3．Twenty soldiers were not killed because they didn't reach the beach.__T__‎ ‎4．The survivors of Able Company went on fighting with another company.__T__‎ ‎5．The poem “For the Fallen” written by an American poet can be seen in many countries of the world.__F__‎ ‎(Ⅱ)Read the text carefully and choose the best answers.‎ ‎1．From the text, we know ________ troop took the most dangerous task in the DDay Landings.‎ A．Canadian　　　　　　 B．British C．American D．French ‎2．From Passage 2 we know that ________.‎ A．only two companies took part in the attack B．Able Company was an example of bravery and heroic acts C．only Able Company fought hard D．Able Company's contribution to the DDay Landings was too small ‎3．How many soldiers of Able Company were left to take part in the following battles?‎ A．Six. B．Two.‎ C．Twentysix. D．One.‎ ‎4．Passage 3 is intended to ________.‎ A．tell us not to forget those who lost their lives in the DDay Landings B．tell us of the importance of the DDay Landings C．tell us about the cemetery and memorial built for those who lost their lives D．introduce a famous British poem to us 答案：1～4　CBBA Studyreading Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.‎ ‎1．Operation Overlord started when boats full of soldiers landed on the beaches of Normandy in France, known as the DDay landings.‎ ‎[句式分析]　when引导时间状语从句；full of soldiers 作后置定语修饰boats; known as the DDay landings作后置定语，修饰的是Operation Overlord。‎ ‎[尝试翻译]　“霸王行动”开始于D日登陆。当日，满载盟军士兵的战船在法国诺曼底海滩登陆。‎ ‎2．When Boat 3 was a few metres from the beach, the soldiers jumped out, but the water was so deep that some of them disappeared under the water.‎ ‎[句式分析]‎ ‎[尝试翻译]　当三号船离海滩数米远时，战士们跳入海中。但由于海水太深，有的人沉入了海底。‎ ‎3．The cemetery and memorial are situated on a cliff overlooking the beach and the English Channel, from where the boats attempted their landings.‎ ‎[句式分析]　本句为复合句。from where 为“介词＋关系副词”引导的非限制定语从句，修饰English Channel；主句中overlooking the beach and the English Channel为现在分词短语作状语。‎ ‎[尝试翻译]　公墓和纪念碑坐落在一处悬崖之上，从那里可以俯瞰海滩和英吉利海峡，当时一艘艘船只就试图从那里登陆。‎ Section_ⅡIntroduction_&_Reading_—_Language_Points 一、这样记单词 记得准·写得对 记得快·记得多 Ⅰ.基础词汇 ‎ ‎1.drown v．　　　　　　淹死，使溺死 ‎2.eventually adv. 最后，最终 ‎3.overlook v. 俯视，往下看 ‎4.condemn v. 责难；谴责 ‎5.nationality n. 国籍 ‎6.rescue v. 营救，拯救 ‎7.backpack n. 背包 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 ‎1.shocked adj.(感到)震惊的，惊骇的→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shock vt.使震惊 n．震惊，吃惊 ‎2.invade v．入侵，侵略→invasion n．侵入，侵略 ‎3.abandon v．放弃，抛弃→abandoned adj.被抛弃的 ‎4.operation n．行动；操作；经营→operate v．操作；运转 ‎5.survivor n．幸存者→survive vi.幸存，比……活得长→survival n．幸存，生存 ‎6.last v．持续→lasting adj.持久的，永恒的 ‎7.occupy v．占领→occupation n．职业，占有 ‎8.commander n．指挥官→command v．& n．命令，指挥 ‎9.deep adj.深的→deeply adv.深深地→depth n．深度 ‎10.wound v．使受伤→wounded adj.受(刀、枪等)伤害的 ‎1.drown v．淹死，使溺死 ‎[联想]　①drowning adj.快淹死的 ‎②drowned adj.溺死的 ‎[词块]　①a drowning person一个溺水的人 ‎②a drowned person一个溺死的人 ‎2.eventually adv.最后，最终 ‎[同义]　①finally adv.最后　②at last 最后；终于 ‎③in the end 最后 ‎3.condemn v．责难；谴责 ‎[联想]　①scold vt.责备 ②blame vt.责备 ‎4.rescue v．营救，拯救 ‎[联想]　①save v．救，救助　②deliver v．解救，拯救 ‎5.occupy v．占领 ‎[串记]　He is a teacher by occupation, and his time is fully occupied with his students. He always thinks about his work, and how to teach the students well occupies his mind.‎ ‎6.survivor n．幸存者 ‎[串记]　Only two passengers survived the air crash. When the two survivors were interviewed, they said their survival was a miracle (奇迹)．‎ 二、这样记短语 记牢固定短语 多积常用词块 ‎1.declare war on　　　　对……宣战 ‎1.including France　　　　　　包括法国 ‎2.take part in 参加 ‎3.get off 下车/船/飞机 ‎4.make a breakthrough 取得重大突破(进展)‎ ‎5.pick up 停下来让某人搭车(船等)；救起 ‎6.be situated on 坐落于……，位于……‎ ‎7.fight with sb. 与某人并肩作战 ‎8.be related to 与……有关(相关)；与……是亲戚(同族)‎ ‎9.far from 远离……；远非，非但 ‎2.on the morning of 6 June 1944 在‎1944年6月6日早上 ‎3.fall into the water 落水 ‎4.on the beach 在海滩上 ‎5.disappear under the water 消失在水下 ‎6.jump into the water 跳入水中 ‎7.climb up the cliff 爬上悬崖 ‎8.half an hour 半小时 ‎9.as a result 因此，结果 ‎10.return to France 返回法国 三、这样记句式 先背熟 再悟通 后仿用 ‎1.The operation was extremely dangerous and many soldiers were killed before they even got off the boats.‎ 这次登陆行动异常危险，很多士兵甚至还没来得及下船就牺牲了。‎ 句中before为连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“还未……就……；还没来得及……就……”。‎ Before_I_could_say anything more, Holmes had rushed off.‎ 没等我把话说完，福尔摩斯已经匆匆离去了。‎ ‎2.The survivors lay on the beach, exhausted and shocked.‎ 死里逃生的战士躺在海滩上，疲惫不堪，心有余悸。‎ 形容词短语在句中作伴随状语，说明句子主语的特点或处于某种状态。‎ The children climbed up to the top of the mountain, tired_and_exhausted.‎ 孩子们爬到了山顶，累得筋疲力尽。‎ ‎1．(教材P72)In September 1939, Britain declared war on Germany after Germany invaded Poland.‎ ‎1939年9月，英国在德国入侵波兰后向德国宣战。‎ declare war on ... 向……宣战 declare for/against ...　　　　 宣布赞成/反对 declare sb. to be ... 宣布某人为……‎ declare ... open 宣布……开幕 declare oneself 发表意见；表明身份 ‎①The people in the mountainous areas have declared war on poverty. ‎ 山区的人民已向贫穷宣战。‎ ‎②Most of the people had declared for peace. ‎ 大多数的人主张和平。‎ ‎③He declared himself to_be (be) a member of their party. ‎ 他自称是他们团体的成员。‎ ‎2．(教材P72)During the war, Germany occupied many countries, including France.‎ 二战中，德国侵占了包括法国在内的许多国家。‎ occupy v. 占领，占据(时间、空间、某人头脑等)；使忙碌 ‎ occupy sb./oneself (in) doing sth.‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　 使某人/自己忙于做某事 occupy sb./oneself with sth. 使某人/自己忙于某事 be occupied in doing sth. 忙于做某事 be occupied with sth. 忙于某事 ‎①Reading occupies most of my free time.‎ 阅读占去了我大部分的空闲时间。‎ ‎②Tom occupied himself (in) solving some arithmetic problems. ‎ ‎＝Tom occupied_himself_with some arithmetic problems.‎ 汤姆忙着做算术题。‎ ‎③I don't have much spare time. I'm fully occupied with my work. ‎ 我没多少业余时间。我工作忙得不可开交。‎ ‎3．(教材P72)The situation at Omaha Beach was so bad that the US army commanders thought about abandoning the invasion.‎ 奥马哈海滩的形势非常严峻，以至于美军司令官都考虑放弃进攻了。‎ abandon v. 放弃，抛弃， (不得已而)舍弃，丢弃，离开；中止n.放任，放松 ‎ abandon oneself to　　　　 沉湎于；放纵(感情)‎ abandon ... to ... 把……丢弃/舍弃给……‎ abandon hope of (doing) sth. 放弃(做)某事的希望 abandon sth. for 放弃……而选择……‎ with abandon 纵情，放任地 ‎①(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)However, these plans were abandoned because of financial problems.‎ 然而，由于财政问题，这些计划被放弃了。‎ ‎②To his mother's disappointment, the boy abandoned_himself_to_playing computer games.‎ 令他母亲失望的是，这个男孩沉迷于玩电脑游戏。‎ ‎③The girls jumped up and down and waved their arms with_abandon.‎ 那些女孩子跳上跳下，尽情地挥舞着手臂。‎ ‎[名师点津]　abandon oneself to中的to是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。‎ ‎[语境串记]　The boy was abandoned by his parents when he was a baby, so he tended to abandon himself to despair when meeting trouble in life.‎ 这个男孩从小就被父母遗弃，所以在生活中遇到困难时他很容易陷入绝望。‎ ‎4．(教材P73)Twenty men fell into the water and were picked up by other boats.‎ ‎20名士兵落水后被其他船上的人救起。‎ pick up 救起；捡起；停下来让某人搭车(船等)；用(车辆)去接(某人)；接收，收听；(偶然)学会；好转，增强 ‎ ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句中pick up的含义 ‎①The student bent down and picked up a book. Then he got down to picking up an English program on the radio.‎ 捡起；收听 ‎②If you go to England, you'll soon pick up English.(偶然)学会 ‎③We'll send the ambulance to pick him up.用(车辆)去接 ‎④Her health soon picked up after a few days' rest.好转 pick out　　　　　　　　 挑出，辨别出 pick off 摘掉；去除 ‎⑤Pick_out the good apples and throw away the rest. ‎ 挑出好苹果，将其余的扔掉。‎ ‎[巧学助记]‎ pick up词义虽多变，口诀巧记挺简单；‎ 救起捡起开车接，接收收听开视野；‎ 好转改善又增强，偶然学会不要忘。‎ ‎5．(教材P73)Age shall not weary them, nor the years condemn.‎ 年华不能使他们厌倦；岁月也不会让他们愧疚。‎ condemn v. 责难，谴责；给……判罪/判刑 condemn sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而责备某人 condemn ... to death 判……死刑 condemn ... as ... 指责……为……‎ ‎①The murderer who was found guilty was condemned to death.‎ 被发现有罪证的那个杀人凶手被判处了死刑。‎ ‎②The law has been condemned as an attack on personal liberty.‎ 这项法律被指侵犯人身自由。‎ ‎③The officer was condemned for neglect of duty. ‎ 该官员因玩忽职守而受到责备。‎ ‎6．(教材P73)．.. most of the men were rescued from the water.‎ ‎……大多数人从水中被救了上来。‎ rescue vt.营救，拯救n.解救，救助，抢救 go/come to sb.'s rescue　　　 进行援救，营救某人 rescue sb. from ... 从……中救出某人 rescue team 救援队 ‎①(2016·北京高考)Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.‎ 现在电击训练和药物治疗正在帮助拯救这些大鸟。‎ ‎②We were about to abandon the hope of survival when a rescue team came to our rescue.‎ 我们正要放弃生存的希望，这时一个救援队来救我们了。‎ ‎③He was unexpectedly rescued from the desert. ‎ 他绝处逢生，从沙漠被救了回来。‎ ‎7．(教材P73)Many of the men were either killed or wounded by machine gun fire.‎ 许多人被机枪射死或射伤。‎ wound v．使受伤 n．伤(口)；伤害 wounded adj.　　　　　 受伤的 the wounded 受伤的人 ‎①He died from the wounds he had received to his chest.‎ 他由于胸部受伤而死亡。‎ ‎②Many of the wounded died on their way to hospital.‎ 许多伤员在去医院的途中死了。‎ ‎③This wounded (wound) soldier was unconscious from his loss of blood.‎ 这名受伤的士兵由于失血过多而昏迷不醒。‎ ‎[辨析比较]　wound, injure, hurt wound 多指用武器(刀、枪等)伤害身体某部位 injure 多指意外事故等对人造成伤害或损害名誉、成就、面容等 hurt 一般用语，可指伤害精神、肉体、感情等，作不及物动词使用，表示“疼痛”‎ 形象记忆 选用上述单词填空 ‎④Wang Suxia, in her late 50s, injured her left arm recently while farming.‎ ‎⑤She wanted to keep children safe and avoid hurting their feelings.‎ ‎⑥Two soldiers died and three others were wounded in the attack.‎ ‎1．The operation was extremely dangerous and many soldiers were killed before they even got off the boats.‎ 这次登陆行动异常危险，很多士兵甚至还没来得及下船就牺牲了。‎ 句中before为连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“还未……就……；不到……就……；还没来得及……就……；趁……”。‎ ‎①This test was so easy and all the students finished it long before it ended.‎ 这次测试很容易所以距考试结束还有很长时间时所有学生都做完了。‎ ‎②The thief got off the bus quietly before the passengers noticed him.‎ 趁乘客们没有注意到他那个小偷悄悄地下车了。‎ before常用于以下固定句式中：‎ ‎(1)it won't be ...before ...“用不了多长时间就会……”(before从句用一般现在时)‎ ‎③It will not be long before we get used to the new school life.‎ 不久我们就会习惯新的学校生活。‎ ‎(2)it will be ...before ...“得过多长时间才……”(before从句用一般现在时)‎ ‎④It will be a long time before we finish the task.‎ 我们还需要很长一段时间才能完成这项工作。‎ ‎(3)it wasn't ...before ...“没过多长时间就……”(before从句用一般过去时)‎ ‎⑤It was not a long time before he passed the driving test.‎ 没过多久他就通过了驾照考试。‎ ‎(4)it was ... before ...“过了多长时间才/就……”(before从句用一般过去时)‎ ‎⑥It was five years before he came (come) back to his hometown.‎ 过了五年他就回到家乡。‎ ‎2．The survivors lay on the beach, exhausted and shocked.‎ 死里逃生的战士躺在海滩上，疲惫不堪，心有余悸。‎ exhausted and shocked是形容词短语，在本句中作伴随状语，说明句子主语的特点或处于某种状态。形容词(短语)充当状语时，可以位于句首或句末，相当于省略形式的状语从句。‎ ‎(1)表示原因 ‎①Much interested (＝Because/As he was much interested), he agreed to try.‎ 他很感兴趣，同意试一试。‎ ‎(2)表示动作发生的伴随情况或方式 ‎②They began to carry out the research, full_of_hope.‎ 他们满怀希望地开始进行研究。‎ ‎ (3)表示时间 ‎③Ripe (＝When they are ripe), these apples are sweet.‎ 熟了时，这种苹果很甜。‎ ‎(4)表示让步(通常是由or连接的两个或两个以上的并列形容词短语)‎ ‎④Old or young (＝Whether they are old or young), the peasants are busy with autumn harvest.‎ 农民们不论老少都在忙于秋收。‎ ‎[名师点津]　形容词(短语)作伴随状语时，可以改写成并列句。‎ ‎⑤Breathless, she rushed in through the back door.‎ ‎＝She rushed in through the back door and she was breathless.‎ 她从后门冲了进来，上气不接下气。‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Badly wounded (wound) in his left leg, the soldier walked unsteadily. ‎ ‎2．The police have declared war on drivers who persistently exceed the speed limit. ‎ ‎3．Don't interrupt your brother when he's occupied in writing a paper.‎ ‎4．They had to abandon their land to the invading forces.‎ ‎5．Sam picked up some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it.‎ ‎6．They should be condemned for having created troubles in public places by social opinion.‎ ‎7．Sixty people were rescued from the burning ship, but a great many more were drowned.‎ ‎8．Before I could stop her, she slipped out.‎ Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎1．She was back, eager_to_see_her_friends.‎ 她回来了，迫不及待地想见她的朋友们。‎ ‎2._It_will_be_some_time_before we know the full results.‎ 还要过一段时间我们才能知道全部结果。‎ ‎3．Pick_out_the_wrong_sentences and correct them. ‎ 找出错误的句子并加以改正。‎ ‎4．They abandoned_the_match because of rain.‎ 因为下雨，他们中止了比赛。‎ Section_ⅢGrammar— 虚拟语气(2)‎ 语法图解 探究发现 ‎①I wish I knew the answer to the question at the moment.‎ ‎②We wish we had studied harder when at school.‎ ‎③I wish I could fly to the moon one day.‎ ‎④I'd rather you paid the money yourself.‎ ‎⑤I'd rather she hadn't done that then.‎ ‎⑥The workers demanded that their wages (should) be increased.‎ ‎⑦The boss ordered the stuff that they (should) finish the task before this Friday.‎ ‎⑧He gave the advice that we (should) do the work carefully.‎ ‎⑨My suggestion is that we (should) think it over before accepting it.‎ ‎⑩It is important that students (should) attend all the lectures.‎ ‎[我的发现]‎ ‎(1)由①②③句可知，wish后接宾语从句，从句谓语动词需用虚拟语气。用一般过去时表示与现在相反的情况，用过去完成时表示与过去相反的情况，用“would/could/might＋动词原形”表示与将来相反的情况。‎ ‎(2)④⑤句中，would rather后接宾语从句，从句谓语动词需用虚拟语气。用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望，用过去完成时表示过去的愿望。‎ ‎(3)⑥～⑩句的名词性从句中，从句均采用虚拟语气，且从句的谓语动词为should＋动词原形，should可以省略。‎ 一、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用 ‎1．动词wish后的宾语从句 在wish后的宾语从句中，表示与现在的事实相反用一般过去时；表示与过去的事实相反用过去完成时；表示与将来事实相反用could/would/might＋动词原形。‎ I wish I were ten years younger.‎ 我希望能年轻10岁。(对现在的虚拟)‎ I wish you had come to the lecture.‎ 我但愿你当时来听报告了。(对过去的虚拟)‎ I wish all my classmates would come to the gettogether next month.‎ 我希望下个月所有的同学都来参加聚会。(对将来的虚拟)‎ ‎[即时演练1]　用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎①I wish he were (be) with us at this special moment.‎ ‎②How I wish I had_followed (follow) my parents' advice.‎ ‎③She wishes she would_be_admitted (admit) to a famous university this year.‎ ‎④I wish I had_met (meet) that film star yesterday.‎ ‎2．表示“建议、要求、命令”等的动词后的宾语从句中的谓语用“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略。‎ 常见的表示“建议、要求、命令”等的动词有：‎ suggest, insist, demand, request, desire, order, ask, advise, propose, command, recommend, require等。‎ The organization demanded that the report (should) be made public.‎ 这个组织要求应该公开这份报告。‎ They advise that children (should) keep away from the river.‎ 他们建议孩子要远离河水。‎ I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting tonight.‎ 我建议我们今晚开个会。‎ He insisted we (should) stop at a small restaurant just outside of Atlanta.‎ 他坚持让我们在亚特兰大市外不远的一家小餐馆歇歇脚。‎ ‎[名师点津]　当insist表示“坚持认为；坚持说”；suggest表示“暗示，表明”时后面的宾语从句不用虚拟语气。‎ She insisted that she had seen someone come out of her room.‎ 她坚持说她看见有人从她房间里出来。‎ The report suggested that the same trend was at work in politics.‎ 这份报告表明，同一趋势也在影响着政治。‎ ‎[即时演练2]‎ ‎(1)完成句子 ‎①He suggested that we (should)_start_off_early the next day.‎ 他建议我们第二天要早出发。‎ ‎②He requested that the meeting (should)_be_put_off to Saturday.‎ 他要求把会议推迟到星期六。‎ ‎③The man insisted that he had_not_stolen the money.‎ 这个人坚持说他绝对没有偷钱。‎ ‎(2)单句改错 ‎①(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.can→should或去掉can ‎②The smile on his face suggested that he be satisfied with our work.be→was ‎3．would rather后的宾语从句，谓语用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望，用过去完成时表示过去的愿望。‎ I'd rather that you came tomorrow.‎ 我宁愿你明天来。‎ I'd rather that you had come yesterday.‎ 你昨天来了该有多好。‎ ‎[即时演练3]‎ ‎(1)完成句子 ‎①We'd rather you_didn't_drive after drinking.‎ 我们希望你不要酒后开车。‎ ‎②I'd rather you hadn't_told_him_the_news that day.‎ 我真希望你那天没有把那则消息告诉他。‎ ‎(2)翻译句子 ‎①我宁愿你刚才就走了。‎ I_would_rather_you_had_gone_just_now.‎ ‎②我希望我们现在休息一下。‎ I_would_rather_we_had_a_rest_now.‎ 二、虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用 ‎1．在“it is essential/important/necessary/strange/surprising ... ＋that从句”中，that从句是真正的主语从句，从句中的谓语用“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略。‎ It's strange that tourists (should) never visit this village.‎ 很奇怪，游客竟然从不参观这个村子。‎ It is essential that these application forms be sent back as early as possible.‎ 这些申请表应尽早地寄回，这是很重要的。‎ ‎2．在“it is suggested/demanded/ordered/recommended/required等表示“要求、建议、命令”的过去分词＋that从句”中，that从句是真正的主语从句，从句中的谓语用“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略。‎ It is required that we (should) get everything ready this evening.‎ 要求我们今晚一切都准备就绪。‎ ‎3．在“it is＋名词＋that”引导的主语从句中，从句中谓语用“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略。这类名词都是表示建议、命令、请求、道歉、怀疑、惊奇等的名词，如：advice, desire, demand, idea, order, pity, proposal, recommendation, requirement, shame, suggestion, surprise, wonder等。‎ It is my proposal that he be sent to study further abroad.‎ 我建议派他去国外进一步学习。‎ ‎[即时演练4]　完成句子 ‎①It_is_strange_that such things (should) happen in our school.‎ 真奇怪这样的事情竟然在我们学校发生了。‎ ‎②It is suggested that you (should)_attend_the_opening_ceremony.‎ 有人建议你出席开幕式。‎ 三、虚拟语气在定语从句中的应用 It's (high/about) time (that) ...句型中，从句的谓语动词用一般过去时或“should＋动词原形”(其中should通常不可省略)，句意为“确实到了……的时候了”。‎ It is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem. ‎ 确实到了我们采取措施解决这个问题的时候了。‎ ‎[即时演练5]　判断句子正误(T or F)‎ ‎①It is time that you reflected upon your mistakes.__T__‎ ‎②It is high time that we should put an end to this controversy.__T__‎ ‎③It is high time that we take effective measures to stop fake diplomas from spreading.__F__‎ 四、虚拟语气在表语从句/同位语从句中的应用 ‎1．当某些表示建议、请求、命令等的名词作主语时，其后的表语从句中的谓语用“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略。‎ ‎2．当某些表示建议、请求、命令等的名词后面接同位语从句时，从句谓语用“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略。‎ Her advice is that we (should) leave at once.‎ 她的建议就是我们应该马上离开。‎ ‎(2016·天津高考)The manager put forward a suggestion that we (should) have an assistant.‎ 经理提出了一个建议，我们应该有一个助手。‎ ‎[名师点津]　这类表示建议、请求、命令等的名词常见的有：demand(要求)，desire (请求), requirement (要求)，advice(劝告), recommendation (建议), suggestion (建议), order (命令), proposal (提议)等。‎ ‎[即时演练6]　用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎①My suggestion is that we (should)_go (go) to Yunnan for sightseeing.‎ ‎②The professor gave orders that the test (should)_be_finished (finish) before 5 o'clock.‎ ‎③My advice is that you (should)_quit (quit) smoking.‎ 五、虚拟语气在as if/though引导的从句中的应用 在as if引导的方式状语和表语从句中，如果从句的动作指现在的情况，则用一般过去时；如果表示过去的动作，则用过去完成时；如果表示将来的动作，则用could/would/might＋动词原形。‎ He looks as if he were an artist.‎ 他看起来真像个艺术家。‎ He spoke English as though he had studied it in England before.‎ 他英语说得好像他以前在英国学过一样。‎ ‎[即时演练7]　完成句子 ‎①People treat him as if he_were_a_dangerous_person.‎ 人们把他看作是一个危险人物。‎ ‎②He talked as if/though he_had_known_it.‎ 他谈起来好像已知道此事。‎ ‎③She opened her mouth as if/though she_would_say_something.‎ 她张开嘴好像要说什么。‎ 六、虚拟语气在if only引导的感叹句中的应用 表示目前不可能实现的愿望 ‎ 从句中谓语用一般过去时，be动词常用were 表示过去不可能实现的愿望 ‎ 从句中谓语用过去完成时 表示将来不可能实现的愿望 ‎ 从句中谓语用过去将来时 If only I were a girl!‎ 要是我是一个女孩多好啊！‎ If only I had passed the last exam!‎ 要是我通过了上次的考试多好啊！‎ ‎[即时演练8]　翻译句子 ‎①要是我是一只会飞的鸟儿就好了。‎ If_only_I_were_a_flying_bird.‎ ‎②要是我的朋友现在和我在一起就好了。‎ If_only_my_friend_were_here_with_me_now.‎ Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．The doctor ordered that the patient (should)be_sent (send) to hospital without delay.‎ ‎2．It is strange that the car should_break (break) down at exactly the same place where it broke down yesterday.‎ ‎3．It is high time that we stopped/should_stop (stop) cutting down the trees.‎ ‎4．Our teacher has loved us as if we were (be) her children.‎ ‎5．Her look suggested that she was (be) angry.‎ ‎6．I wish they would_stop (stop) making so much noise so that I could concentrate on my work.‎ ‎7．His suggestion that you (should)_try (try) a second time sounds reasonable.‎ ‎8．It is required that all members (should)_be (be) present at the opening ceremony.‎ ‎9．If only I had_seen (see) the film!‎ ‎10．I would rather you didn't (not, do) go now.‎ Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)I wish_that_you_could_grasp this opportunity to learn traditional Chinese culture further.‎ 我希望你能抓住这次深入学习中国传统文化的机会。‎ ‎2．It is time we_studied_this_problem_seriously.‎ 现在是认真研究这个问题的时候了。‎ ‎3．All that is required of the students is that they_should_study_hard.‎ 对这些学生的全部要求是他们应该努力学习。‎ ‎4．It is suggested that we_(should)_hold_a_speech_contest.‎ 有人建议我们举行一次演讲比赛。‎ ‎5．I'd rather you_had_come_yesterday.‎ 我宁愿你昨天来了。‎ ‎6．It is necessary that we_should_focus_on developing the children's creativity.‎ 我们有必要着重培养孩子们的创造力。‎ Ⅲ.短文改错 My neighbor Li Hai is going to graduate college soon but he hasn't found the job yet. He was once advising to learn computer skills, so he thought it was difficult. When he saw others learning English, he shook his head, says it was too hard to remember the new word. He enjoyed watching TV, playing cards, smoking and so on. He felt it was hard for him to give up all this habits. Not long ago, he went to look for a job. When he knew that talents were great needed, he sighed and regretted the time that what he had wasted. How he wished he has worked hard in college!‎ 答案：第一句：graduate后加from; the→a 第二句：advising→advised; so→but 第三句：says→saying; word→words 第五句：this→these 第七句：great→greatly; 去掉what 第八句：has→had Section_ⅣOther_Parts_of_the_Module ‎[原文呈现]‎ DDay＋2‎ To our astonishment①， just two days after we had received our confidential② orders to join the DDay landing troops, and after a day fighting and seeing many of my friends killed by the enemy, we found ourselves outside a peaceful village in France③. It was so sudden, after the mess④ and confusion⑤ of war on the beach.‎ It was late afternoon, and the sun was setting⑥ on a perfect country scene of farm buildings, a main street, a few shops, a garage⑦ and a church. But we hesitated⑧ because we were aware that there might still have been⑨ enemy soldiers. Our lieutenant⑩ told Private Kowalski and me to ‎ advance⑪ and check the village.‎ ‎[读文清障]‎ ‎①to one's astonishment令某人惊讶的是 ‎②confidential/ˌkɒnfI'denʃl/adj.机密的，秘密的 ‎③see＋宾语(many of my friends)＋宾补(killed by the enemy)，宾补为过去分词短语；find＋宾语(ourselves)＋宾补(outside a peaceful village in France)，宾补为介词短语。‎ ‎④mess/mes/n.混乱的局面 in a mess一片混乱 ‎⑤confusion n．混乱 ‎⑥set vi.(太阳)落山 ‎⑦garage n．车库 ‎⑧hesitate v．迟疑，犹豫 ‎⑨there might have been是there be结构用于推测过去的情况。‎ ‎⑩lieutenant n．中尉 ‎⑪advance v．前进，进军 D日登陆后的第二天 ‎[第1～2段译文]‎ 令我们惊讶的是，就在我们接到加入进攻发起日登陆部队的机密命令后两天，经过一天的战斗，并亲眼目睹我的很多朋友被敌军残杀后，我们发现我们来到了一个宁静的法国村庄外面。经历了海滩上的混战之后，这一切是如此突然。‎ 时近黄昏，太阳正在落山，照在农场建筑物、大街、商店、车库和教堂上，勾勒出一幅完美的乡村景色。但是我们迟疑着(并没有贸然进村)，因为我们知道或许那里还有敌兵。我们的中尉命令我和士兵科瓦尔斯基前去搜村。‎ As we entered the main street⑫， a young woman on a tractor⑬ drove out of the garage, saw us and called out something in French. Immediately five men came out of the bar, and two more⑭ from a farmyard, holding guns. I took off⑮ my helmet⑯ and yelled⑰， “American! Put your guns down⑱！” They gathered round us, shouting and shaking our hands⑲. Some women appeared and kissed us.‎ We soon understood that the enemy had abandoned⑳ the village, so Kowalski went back to the others to let them know it was safe. I walked into a barbershop and stroked my chin， to show I needed to shave. The barber had a magnificent moustache， which he used wax to keep in shape. He filled a tin with cold water, and took out a razor from a drawer. He used a leather sharpener on the razor, and then gave me the best shave I had had in years. Finally he picked up a pair of scissors and a comb， and cut my hair.,⑫as引导时间状语从句，as意为“当……时候”。‎ ‎⑬tractor/'træktə/n.拖拉机 ‎⑭two more ＝ another two另外两个 ‎⑮take off摘(脱)下(衣帽、鞋子等)‎ ‎⑯helmet/'helmIt/n.头盔 ‎⑰yell/jel/v.大叫，呼喊　⑱put down放下 ‎⑲现在分词短语shouting and ...作伴随状语。‎ ‎⑳abandon v．放弃，抛弃 barbershop/'bɑːbəˌʃɒp/n.理发店 stroke/strəʊk/v.抚摸　chin/tʃIn/n.下巴，下颌 shave/ʃeIv/v.&n.刮胡子 moustache/mə'stɑːʃ/n.小胡子　‎ wax/wæks/n.蜡 keep ... in shape定型，为……保持形状 fill ... with ...用……装满……‎ razor/'reIzə/n.剃须刀 sharpener/'ʃɑːpnə/n.磨器，磨具 I had had ...是省略了that的定语从句，修饰the best shave。‎ pick up拿起，拾起　‎ scissors/'sIzəz/n.剪刀 comb/kəʊm/n.梳子 ‎[第3～4段译文]‎ 当我们进入主大街时，一个年轻妇女开着拖拉机从车库出来，看到我们并用法语大声喊着什么。立刻有五个人走出酒吧，另两个人出了农舍，拿着枪。我摘下头盔喊道：“美国人！把你们的枪放下！”他们围着我们，喊叫着并握着我们的手。有些妇女跑过来吻我们。,我们很快明白了敌人已经放弃了整个村子，于是科瓦尔斯基回到其他人那里通知他们已经安全了。我走进一家理发店，摸了摸我的下巴，表明我需要刮胡子。理发师蓄着漂亮的胡须，还用蜡定了型。他往一个罐子里加满了冷水，并从一个抽屉里拿出一把剃须刀。他在一块皮革上磨了磨剃须刀，然后给我刮胡子——这是我几年以来刮得最好的一次。最后，他拿起一把剪刀和一把梳子为我理发。‎ When the rest of our company arrived, they unloaded their baggage and bedding while the villagers brought out some jars of wine, and laid a table in the middle of the street, which they then covered with plates of potatoes and carrots， ham and sausages. Someone shouted “‎ Cheers！” in English and we all drank to liberation and to the French constitution. Some of our boys had never tasted wine before, and spat it out, thinking it was vinegar.‎ We gave stockings to the women, which they loved, and in return， they gave us perfume for our girlfriends. I was too ashamed to admit that I was too young to have a girlfriend. But the villagers treated us like heroes, and for a brief moment， I felt that all the fear and danger had been worthwhile. But I also remembered my friends who had died earlier that day， and wondered if they would have agreed.‎ unload/ʌn'ləʊd/v.卸下 jar/dʒɑː/n.罐子，广口瓶 lay v. (laid, laid)放置；摆放 carrot/'kærət/n.胡萝卜 cheers/tʃIəz/int.(用于祝酒)祝你健康！‎ drink to为……干杯 liberation/ˌlIbə'reIʃn/n.解放 constitution/ˌkɒnstI'tjuːʃn/n.宪法 vinegar/'vInIgə/n.醋 stockings/'stɒkIŋs/n.(常复)(女式)长袜 in return作为回报　perfume/'pɜːfjuːm/n.香水 ashamed adj.害羞的 for a brief moment短暂的瞬间 worthwhile/ˌwɜːθ'waIl/adj.值得做的，有价值的，有用的 常用于It is worthwhile to do/doing ...结构中。‎ who引导定语从句，修饰my friends。‎ 从句if they would ...作wondered的宾语。‎ ‎ [第5～6段译文]‎ 当全连其他人员赶到时，村民们在他们卸下行装和铺盖的时候拿出几瓶葡萄酒，在街道中间摆了一张桌子，然后在上面摆了一盘盘的土豆、胡萝卜、火腿和香肠。有人用英语大喊：“干杯！”于是我们都为解放和法国宪法干起了杯。我们中的一些男孩儿们以前从未尝过葡萄酒，把酒吐了出来，以为是醋。,我们送给妇女们长袜，她们非常喜欢，作为回礼，她们拿出香水要我们送给女朋友。我太害羞了，没有承认自己太小还没有女朋友。但是村民们把我们当成英雄来对待，一瞬间，我觉得所有的恐惧和危险都是值得的。但是我也怀念那天早些时候牺牲的朋友，不知他们是否同意我的想法。‎ ‎[原文呈现]‎ Winston Churchill's Speeches Winston Churchill is wellknown as① a statesman②， politician and as the British Prime Minister during most of the Second World War. He is especially famous for③ his speeches which many believe made people even more determined④ to defeat⑤ the enemy⑥. Many of these speeches contained lines⑦ which are remembered even today⑧.‎ Churchill made one of his greatest speeches in 1940, when he was invited to become Prime Minister of Britain⑨， and the leader of a new government. The country had been at war⑩ for over eight months, and he knew that it would suffer⑪ many great defeats before it would begin to win the war⑫. So on 13 May 1940 he promised⑬ the House of Commons⑭： “I would say to the House, as⑮ I said to those who have joined the Government⑯， ‘I have nothing to offer but blood, toil⑰， tears and sweat.’”‎ ‎[读文清障]‎ ‎①be wellknown as作为……而闻名 ‎②statesman/'steItsmən/n.政治家 ‎③be famous for因……而知(出)名 ‎④句中含有“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构。‎ ‎⑤defeat vt.击败；战胜 ‎⑥which引导定语从句，修饰his speeches。‎ ‎⑦lines n．内容，台词 ‎⑧which引导定语从句，修饰lines。‎ ‎⑨when引导非限制性定语从句，修饰in 1940。‎ ‎⑩at war处于战争状态 ‎⑪suffer v．遭受　suffer from忍受……的煎熬 ‎⑫that从句作knew的宾语；before“在……之前”，引导时间状语从句。‎ ‎⑬promise v．允诺，答应 promise to do sth.答应去做某事 ‎⑭the House of Commons下议院 ‎⑮as conj.正如　⑯who引导定语从句，修饰those。‎ ‎⑰toil/tɔIl/n.辛劳，辛苦 温斯顿·丘吉尔的演讲 ‎[第1～2段译文]‎ 温斯顿·丘吉尔在二战的大部分时间都以他作为政治家以及英国首相而闻名于世。尤其著名的是他的演讲，许多人深信他的演讲甚至让人们产生了更坚定的决心来打败敌人。这些演讲中的许多内容至今还会被记起。‎ 在1940年，当他被邀请去做英国首相和新政府的领导人时，丘吉尔发表了他最伟大的演讲之一。当时国家已经应战八个多月了，他知道在开始赢取战争之前，他们还要遭受许多大的失败。于是在‎1940年5月13日，他向下议院承诺：“我会对议会说，正如我对那些加入到政府工作中的人说的那样，‘我没有什么可以奉献，除了热血、辛劳、眼泪和汗水。’”‎ A month later, the Germany army had advanced across northern Europe, and the British Army had retreated⑱ to the coast of the English Channel. The only escape⑲ was to cross the sea back to England. Hundreds of small boats set out⑳ from ports on the English coast to bring back the soldiers from the beaches of Dunkirk in France. But Churchill encouraged people that this was only a temporary defeat in a speech which included the words， “We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender.”‎ On 18 June 1940, Churchill gave another fine speech when he drew attention to the courage of everyone defending Britain. “In years to come，” he said, “... men will say, ‘This was their finest hour.’”‎ ‎⑱retreat/rI'triːt/v.撤退，后退 ‎⑲escape n．逃生(方法)‎ ‎⑳set out动身，出发(set out for动身去)‎ set out to do着手做……　set off动身 bring back带回来，使回忆起来 encourage/In'kʌrIdʒ/v.鼓舞，鼓励 encourage sb. to do鼓励某人去做 temporary adj.暂时的 which引导定语从句，修饰a speech。‎ surrender/sə'rendə/v.投降 draw (one's) attention to使(某人)注意到……‎ 现在分词短语defending Britain作后置定语。‎ ‎ [第3～4段译文]‎ 一个月后，德国军队已经向欧洲北部进军，英国军队已经撤退到英吉利海峡的海岸上。唯一可以逃生的方法就是越过海峡回到英国。数百艘小船从英国海岸的港口出发，把位于法国敦刻尔克海岸的士兵们接回来。但是丘吉尔在一次演讲中鼓励人们说这只是暂时的失败，他说：“我们会在海岸上战斗，我们会在陆地上战斗，我们会在田野里和街巷中战斗，我们会在山上战斗；我们永远不投降。”‎ 在‎1940年6月18日，当丘吉尔号召每个人都要有保卫英国的勇气时，他作了另一场精彩的演讲。他讲道：“在不久的将来……人们会说，‘这是他们最美好的时刻。’”‎ The Germans continued their attacks on Britain from the air. A small number of pilots ‎ resisted the much larger German Air Force. Germany lost many airplanes, and was forced to change their strategy. Britain was no longer threatened by an early invasion， and on 20 August 1940, he said, “Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few.”‎ In two years, Germany began to lose some important battles. After a defeat in North Africa, on 10 November 1942 he made a speech with the famous words, “Now this is not the end. It is not even the beginning of the end. But it is, perhaps, the end of the beginning.”‎ Many people believe that Churchill's leadership inspired people to remain brave in the face of Nazi Germany. His speeches are still remembered and quoted today, and remain some of the finest examples of spoken English.,a small number of少量的，一小部分 resist v．抵抗，抵挡 resist doing抵抗/反对做……‎ be forced to do被迫去做……‎ strategy/'strætədʒi/n.策略，战略 invasion n．入侵，侵略 conflict n．冲突，战争 否定副词never位于句首表示强调时，句子用部分倒装结构。‎ leadership n．领导才能，领导层 inspire v．激励；鼓舞 inspire sb. to do sth.激励某人做某事 in the face of面对 quote/kwəʊt/v.引用，引述 spoken English英语口语 ‎ [第5～7段译文],德军继续对英国进行空袭。少数的飞行员抵抗数目大得多的德国空军。德军损失了许多飞机，并且被迫改变他们的战略。英国不再受到早期入侵的威胁，在‎1940年8月20日，他说：“在人类战争史上，从来没有一次像这样，以如此少的兵力取得如此大的成功。”‎ 两年后，德国开始在一些重要的战役中失利。在北非战场失败后，‎1942年11月10日，他作了演讲，其中有一些名言：“现在还不是结束的时候，它甚至还不算是结束的前奏，但可能是开始的结束。”,许多人相信丘吉尔的领导才能激励着人们面对纳粹德军时仍能英勇作战。今天，他的演讲仍然被铭记和引用，并且其中一些还成为英语口语中的范例。‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　 ‎ Step 1　True (T) or False (F)．‎ ‎1．It took the landing troops a short time to enter a village in France.__T__‎ ‎2．We were welcomed by the local people the moment we entered the village.__F__‎ ‎3．We gave the villagers presents in order to exchange their perfume.__F__‎ ‎4．The villagers honored us very much.__T__‎ ‎5．We had a happy time with the villagers.__T__‎ Step 2　Choose the best answers according to the passage.‎ ‎1．Who first thought of the idea of setting up UN peacekeepers?‎ A．The Canadian Foreign Minister.‎ B．The Swedish Prime Minister.‎ C．The Australian Foreign Minister.‎ D．The Italian Prime Minister.‎ ‎2．Why were the armed UN peacekeepers sent to the Middle East in 1957?‎ A．Because they wanted to see what was happening there.‎ B．Because they wanted to protect the Suez Canal.‎ C．Because they wanted to settle a dispute about the Suez Canal.‎ D．The British was fighting against Egyptians.‎ ‎3．From the passage we can conclude that ________.‎ A. there were more international dispute before 2000‎ B．there were less international dispute during the 1990s C．there were more international dispute after 2000‎ D．there was almost no international dispute in the year of 1995‎ ‎4．Which of the following is NOT right?‎ A．The UN peacekeepers wear skyblue helmets.‎ B．The UN peacekeepers are soldiers sent from different countries.‎ C．All UN peacekeeping operations are not successful.‎ D．The UN plays an important part in keeping world peace.‎ ‎5．The author wrote this text in order to ________.‎ A．praise United Nations for its contribution to the world peace B．call for peace for all human beings C．give us some information about the UN peacekeepers D．tell us how United Nations was founded 答案：1～5　ACCBC Step 3　Fill in the form with the information in the text.‎ Time Winston Churchill's speeches ‎13 May，1940‎ I would say to the House, as I said to those who have joined the Government, “I have nothing to offer but blood, 1.toil,_tears and 2.sweat.”‎ June, 1940‎ We shall fight on the 3.beaches,_we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the 4.fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never 5.surrender.‎ ‎18 June，1940‎ In years to come ... men will say, “This was their 6.finest hour.”‎ ‎20 August，1940‎ Never in the field of human 7.conflict was so much owed by so many to so 8.few.‎ ‎10 November，1942‎ Now this is not the end. It is not even the beginning of the end. But it is, perhaps, the end of the 9.beginning.‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　一、这样记单词 记得准·写得对 记得快·记得多 Ⅰ.基础词汇 ‎1.drop v．　　　　扔下，投下 ‎2.campaign n. 作战行动，军事行动 ‎3.view n. 观点 ‎4.image n. 影像 ‎5.chaos n. 混乱，无秩序 ‎6.sacrifice n. 牺牲 ‎7.baggage n. (军队的)行装，行李 ‎8.mess n. 混乱的局面 ‎9.yell v. 大叫，呼喊 ‎10.cheers int. (用于祝酒)祝你健康 ‎11.arm v. 装备，武装 ‎12.despite prep. 不管，不顾 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 ‎1.senseless adj.无意义的，欠思考的→sense n．感觉；感官vt.感觉到；明白，了解→sensible ‎ ‎1.drop v．(dropped, dropped)扔下，投下 ‎[联想]　fall v．落下，降落 ‎2.campaign n．作战行动，军事行动 ‎[联想]　①battle n. 战斗，争斗　②war n．战争 ‎3.view n．观点 ‎[同义]　opinion n．观点，看法 ‎[词块]　in one's view/opinion依某人看 ‎4.image n．影像；形象 ‎[词块]　improve image改变形象 ‎[联想]　imagine vt.设想 ‎5.baggage n．(军队的)行装，行李 ‎[同义]　luggage n．行李 ‎6.mess n．混乱的局面 ‎[词块]　in a mess一片混乱 ‎[近义]　①confusion n．混淆，混乱 adj.明智的，理智的；合理的→sensitive adj.敏感的，感觉敏锐的 ‎2.courage n．勇气，胆量→encourage v．鼓舞，鼓励→discourage vt.使……泄气 ‎3.memorable adj.难忘的，特别的，值得回忆的→memory n．记忆力，回忆，记忆→memorial n．纪念碑，纪念馆→memorize v．记住，记录，记下 ‎4.unload v．卸下→load v. & n．装载，负担 ‎5.liberation n．解放→liberate v．解放，使获自由 ‎6.worthwhile adj.值得做的，有价值的，有用的→worthy adj.有价值的；有意义的；配得上的→worth adj.值，相等于……的价值→worthless adj.无价值的；不值钱的；没用处的 ‎7.quote v．引用，引述→quotation n．引文，引语 ‎8.disagreement n．争论，矛盾，意见不合→(反义词) agreement n．协定；协议；(意见或看法)一致 ‎②disorder n．混乱，杂乱 ‎③chaos n．混乱，混沌 ‎7.yell v．大叫，呼喊 ‎[近义]　①shout v．呼喊，高声呼叫 ‎②cry v．(大声)叫喊 ‎③scream v．尖叫 ‎8.unload v．卸下 ‎[联想]　归纳un前缀动词 ‎①unlock开启；解锁 ②unfold展开，伸展 ‎③undo解开；取消 ④uncover发现；揭露 ‎9.courage n．勇气，胆量 ‎[串记]　In the match, all my classmates encouraged me to try hard, and their encouragement gave me more confidence and courage. At last, I got an encouraging result.‎ 二、这样记短语 记牢固定短语 多积常用词块 ‎1.to one's astonishment　　令某人惊讶的是 ‎2.in the distance 在远处 ‎3.be annoyed with sb. 被……惹恼，对……很恼火 ‎4.be involved in 卷入，涉及 ‎5.a sequence of 连续的，一系列的 ‎6.drink to 为……祝酒，为……干杯 ‎7.in return 作为报答 ‎8.at war 处于战争或交战状态 ‎1.two hours later　　　　　　　　两小时后 ‎2.the following morning 第二天早上 ‎3.shake our hands 握我们的手 ‎4.keep in shape 定型 ‎5.lay the table 摆放桌子 ‎6.in the middle of the street 在街道中间 ‎7.suffer many great defeats 遭受许多大的失败 ‎8.in years to come 接下来数年里 ‎9.make a speech 做演讲 ‎9.set out 出发 ‎10.draw attention to 引起对……的注意 ‎10.win the Nobel Peace Prize 赢得诺贝尔和平奖 ‎11.during the 1990s 在20世纪90年代 三、这样记句式 先背熟 再悟通 后仿用 ‎1.James Ryan is the fourth brother to be involved in the Second World War.‎ 詹姆斯·瑞恩是被卷入第二次世界大战漩涡的第四个兄弟。‎ 当名词前有序数词、first, last等修饰或本身是序数词时，要用动词不定式作后置定语。‎ She is always the_first_to_come_and_the_last_to_leave.‎ 她总是第一个来到，最后一个离开。‎ ‎2. ...we found ourselves outside a peaceful village in France.‎ ‎……我们发现我们来到了一个宁静的法国村庄外面。‎ 本句用了“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补由介词短语充当。‎ I found_myself_in_an_entirely_new_world the moment I arrived in Beijing.‎ 我一到北京就发现自己到了一个全新的世界。‎ ‎3.Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few.‎ 在人类战争史上，从来没有一次像这样，以如此少的兵力取得如此大的成功。‎ 我以前从未看过如此令人感动的电影。‎ 本句是由never开头的倒装句。否定副词never, nor等置于句首时，句子要部分倒装。‎ Never before have_I_seen such a moving film.‎ ‎　　　　 　　　　　‎ ‎1．(教材P75)At 4 p．m.on 7 September 1940, 348 German war planes began to drop bombs on London.‎ ‎1940年9月7日下午4点348架德国战斗机开始在伦敦上空扔下炸弹。‎ drop v. 扔下，投下；降低或减少；停止，中断 drop in on sb.　　　　　　 顺便拜访某人 drop in at sp. 顺便访问某地 drop out (of ...) 退学；脱离；退出 drop down 突然下来(或落下)‎ ‎①I dropped German when I was 14.‎ 我14岁后就没再学德语。‎ ‎②When I dropped_in_on him last week, he was not in. ‎ 我上周去拜访他时，他不在。‎ ‎③On the way to the suburbs, we dropped_in_at a bookstore. ‎ 在去郊区的路上，我们顺便去了书店。‎ ‎④Teenagers who drop out of high school have trouble finding jobs.‎ 中学辍学的青少年找工作有困难。‎ ‎2．(教材P76)．..we weren't supposed to do that.‎ ‎……我们不应该那样做。‎ be supposed to 应当，理应 be supposed to be sth.　 被认为是……‎ be supposed to have done 本应做某事(但实际上没做)‎ ‎①We are supposed to do homework every day.‎ 我们每天都应该做家庭作业。‎ ‎②He is supposed to_be (be) the fastest runner of us. ‎ 他被认为是我们当中跑得最快的人。‎ ‎③You're supposed to have_finished (finish) the work by now. ‎ 到现在为止，你本该已经完成那项工作了。‎ ‎3．(教材P77)Which paragraph contains the writer's personal view of the film?‎ 哪一段包含作者对影片的个人观点？‎ view n. 观点；视野；风景 ‎ in view　　　　　　　　　　　 在视野范围内 in view of 鉴于，考虑到，由于 in one's view 在某人看来 point of view 态度，观点；看法 come into view 出现 have a good view of ... 清楚地看到……‎ ‎①In view of the weather, we will cancel the outing.‎ 因天气关系，我们要取消此次远足。‎ ‎②In my view, the actor's behavior should be criticized.‎ 我认为，那个演员的行为应该受到批评。‎ ‎③As we turned the corner, a fascinating castle came into view. ‎ 当我们转过拐角，一座迷人的城堡映入我们的眼帘。‎ ‎4．(教材P78)Why do you think the writer says, “To our astonishment ...”？‎ 你认为作者为什么说“令我们惊讶的是……”？‎ to one's astonishment 令某人惊讶的是 ‎“to one's ＋情感类名词”的常见短语：‎ to one's ‎①To my astonishment, she was there before me.‎ 令我惊讶的是，她在我之前就到了那儿。‎ ‎②To our disappointment (disappoint), he didn't even turn up at the meeting.‎ 令我们失望的是，他甚至没有在会议上露面。‎ ‎③To my great joy, I passed the difficult math exam. ‎ 令我非常高兴的是，我通过了那次很难的数学考试。‎ ‎[名师点津]　表示“使某人感到非常……的是”时用“to one's great＋n.”或“much to one's＋n.”或“much to the ＋n.＋of sb.”。‎ ‎5．(教材P79)But the villagers treated us like heroes, and for a brief moment, I felt that all the fear and danger had been worthwhile.‎ 但是村民们把我们当成英雄来对待，一瞬间，我觉得所有的恐惧和危险都是值得的。‎ worthwhile adj. 值得做的，有价值的，有用的 ‎ ‎①You'd better spend your time on some worthwhile reading. ‎ 你最好把时间花在读一些有价值的书上。‎ ‎②I don't think it is worthwhile taking/to_take (take) the trouble to explain the question to him.‎ 我认为费力给他解释这个问题是不值得的。‎ ‎[辨析比较]　worthwhile, worth, worthy worthwhile 既可作定语也可作表语，作表语时可单独使用，构成It is worthwhile that ...句型。be worthwhile后既可接动词不定式，也可接动名词 worth be worth后接sth.或doing (doing为主动形式表示被动含义)或用于It is worth doing sth.句式中，其中it是形式主语 worthy be worthy后接of sth.或of being done，或者接to be done，当表示“(人因品行好而)值得尊敬的；(计划等)值得赞赏的”时，可以用作定语 选用上述单词填空 ‎③A number of the report's findings are worthy of being noticed.‎ ‎④The book is worth reading.‎ ‎⑤It is worthwhile visiting/to visit the place.‎ ‎6．(教材P81)But Churchill encouraged people that this was only a temporary defeat in a speech which included the words，“...we shall never surrender.”‎ 但是丘吉尔在一次演讲中鼓励人们说这只是个暂时的失败，他说：“……我们永远不投降。”‎ encourage v. 鼓舞，鼓励；刺激，促进 ‎(1)encourage sb. in ...　　　　 在……上鼓励某人 encourage sb.to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事，刺激某人做某事 encourage ... in ... 助长……的……，刺激……的……‎ ‎(2)discourage v. 使泄气 discourage sb. from doing sth. 劝阻某人不要做某事 ‎①What my parents have promised always encourages me in my choice of career.‎ 在我选择职业时，我父母的承诺总是鼓励着我。‎ ‎②Her success encouraged me to_try (try)the same thing. ‎ 她的成功鼓励我尝试做同样的事。‎ ‎③We tried to discourage him from going out in the storm, but in vain.‎ 我们试图阻拦他不要在暴风雨中外出，但徒劳无功。‎ ‎[Word family]　‎ ‎7．(教材P81)The country had been at war for over eight months, and he knew that it would suffer many great defeats before it would begin to win the war.‎ 当时国家已经应战八个多月了，他知道在开始赢取战争之前，他们还要遭受许多大的失败。‎ at war 处于战争或交战状态 ‎“at＋名词”表示“处于某种状态”的常见短语还有：‎ at work　　　　　　　　 在工作 at table 在吃饭 at school 在上学 at church 在做礼拜 at play 在玩耍 at peace 处于和平状态 ‎①The country has been at war with its neighbour for two years. ‎ 这个国家与邻国已打了两年仗了。‎ ‎②I think it's about time we should stop. We've been at_work for six hours. ‎ 我想我们该停一下了，我们已经工作了6个小时了。‎ ‎③Children should learn above all how to observe good manners at_table.‎ 小孩应首先学会如何遵守餐桌礼仪。‎ ‎8．(教材P83)The UN couldn't stop a terrible civil war in the African state of Rwanda in 1995, despite warnings of the dangers from nearby states.‎ ‎1995年联合国没能制止非洲国家卢旺达境内的严重内战，尽管周边国家发出了危险警告。‎ despite prep. 不管，不顾，任凭 ‎ ‎(1)despite＝in spite of　　　　　　 尽管 despite/in spite of the fact that 尽管事实如此 ‎(2)regardless of 不理会，不顾 ‎①(2016·天津高考)And their minds are bright despite their dirty hands and clothes.‎ 尽管他们的手脏衣服脏，但是他们很阳光。‎ ‎②In_spite_of/Despite my efforts at persuasion, he wouldn't agree.‎ 尽管我努力劝说，他还是不同意。‎ ‎③Despite/In_spite_of_the_fact_that he was ill, he went to school as usual.‎ 尽管生病了，他还是像往常一样去上学了。‎ ‎④He serves the public wholeheartedly, regardless of his personal gain or loss. ‎ 他全心全意为公众服务，从不计较个人得失。‎ ‎[名师点津]　despite(＝in spite of)为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词作让步状语，不接从句(what从句除外)；而though, although或as是从属连词，引导让步状语从句。‎ Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few.‎ 在人类战争史上，从来没有一次像这样，以如此少的兵力取得如此大的成功。‎ 本句是由never开头的倒装句。表示否定意义的副词(词组)：never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, by no means, at no time, in no case, not only, no sooner, not until等置于句首时，句子用部分倒装，即将谓语的一部分置于主语之前。‎ ‎①Never have I heard or seen such a thing.‎ 我从未听说或见过这样的事情。‎ ‎②Seldom does (do) he go to the film.‎ 他很少去看电影。‎ ‎③Hardly could I recognize him yesterday.‎ 昨天我几乎认不出他来了。‎ ‎④In no case should students be allowed to smoke in school.‎ 学生无论如何都不允许在学校吸烟。‎ ‎⑤Not until I told him did (do) little John focus his attention on his homework.‎ 直到我告诉了小约翰，他才集中精力做作业。‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．We dropped in at the Chinese‎ ‎Art Museum and spent a most enjoyable morning there.‎ ‎2．You are supposed to_ask (ask) our teacher if you want to leave the classroom.‎ ‎3．In my view, social theory and practice should be strengthened. ‎ ‎4．It is worthwhile to_consider/considering (consider) this view more attentively. ‎ ‎5．The teacher encouraged us to_practise (practise) much to improve our oral English.‎ ‎6．They were at table when we called at his house.‎ ‎7．To his astonishment (astonish), the author turned out to be a young girl. ‎ ‎8．Hardly do/did I think it possible to finish the job in two days.‎ Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎1．Those children are still playing soccer excitedly despite_the_heavy_rain (尽管下着大雨)．‎ ‎2．Everybody is_supposed_to__be_equal (应该平等) before the law. ‎ ‎3．In_view_of_the_weather (考虑到天气), the event will now be held indoors.‎ ‎4．To_his_joy (令他高兴的是), he found a good job in this city. ‎ ‎5．He wants to drop_out_of_the_game (退出比赛) because of an injury. ‎