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2020年高考真题+高考模拟题 专项版解析汇编 英语—— 04 从句(教师版)
2020年高考英语真题和模拟题分项汇编 专题04 从句(名词性从句、状语从句、定语从句) 一、2020年高考真题 1. (2020江苏高考真题)Many lessons are now available online, from __________ students can choose for free. A. whose B. which C. when D. whom 【答案】B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:许多课程现在都可以在网上找到,学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句,先行词是many lessons,关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语,应使用关系代词which引导。故选B。 2. (2020江苏高考真题)It is not a problem __________ we can win the battle; it’s just a matter of time. A. whether B. why C. when D. where 【答案】A 【解析】考查主语从句。句意:我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题;这只是时间问题。A. whether是否;B. why为什么;C. when什么时候;D. where在哪里。根据下文it’s just a matter of time可知,此处指”我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题”,it是形式主语,whether引导的从句是真正的主语。故选A。 3. (2020天津高考真题)Dr. Rowan, __________ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. A. whose B. of whom C. of which D. which 【答案】A 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了,他现在只能自己打字。______ secretary resigned two weeks ago是非限制性定语从句,修饰Dr. Rowan,引导词在从句中作定语,表示“Dr. Rowan’s ”,表示“……的” ,应用关系代词whose引导该从句,故选A。 4. (2020天津高考真题)The student completed this experiment to make come true __________ Professor Joseph had said. A. that B. what C. when D. where 【答案】B 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:为了使约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实,这个学生完成了这个实验。_________ Professor Joseph had said作make的宾语从句,该从句中,空处在从句中作said的宾语,表示”……所说的话”,因此应用what引导该从句。故选B。 5. (2020新课标Ⅲ卷高考真题)In ancient China lived an artist 61 paintings were almost lifelike. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:中国古代有一位画家,他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist,且先行词在从句中作定语,故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。 6. (2020浙江高考真题)Over thousands of years,they began to depend less on 57 could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown. 【答案】what 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:在几千年的时间里,他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物的依赖,而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子,宾语从句部分缺主语,所以引导词应为“连接代词”。根据句意,此处缺“什么”之意。故填what。 二、2020届模拟题 1.(2020届江苏省连云港市赣榆区高三高考仿真训练)––Why does Jack Ma still work so hard __________ he has already owned so much money? –– Maybe he pursues more than money. A. while B. as C. when D. before 【答案】C 【解析】考查时间状语从句。句意:——为什么马云已经有这么多钱了,还那么努力工作?——也许他追求的不仅仅是金钱。A. while 当……时候,尽管;B. as 一边……一边;C. when 当……时候;D. before 在……之前。分析句子,此处划线部分应填入“当……时候”来引导时间状语从句。while虽可译为“当……时候”,但是它强调主从句动作同时发生,且都必须是持续性动词。此处不合题意。故选C项。 2. (2020届天津市河西区英语高三二模)It is by no means clear __________ the local government will do with the buildings of poor quality. A. what B. how C. whether D. which 【答案】A 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:目前还不清楚当地政府将如何处理这些质量差的建筑。分析句子,在形式主语中,真正的主语部分缺“will do”的宾语。名词性从句,若从句部分缺主语。则引导词用“连接代词”。又因句意缺“什么”之意。故选A项。 3. (2020届江苏省南京市高三第三次模拟)Optimism is the essential ingredient of top performers, __________ we assume separates the high achievers from the rest. A. as B. who C. which D. that 【答案】C 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意:乐观是优秀表现者的基本要素,我们认为这是成功人士与其他人的区别。分析句子结构可知,此处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the essential ingredient,且先行词在从句中作主语,指代the essential ingredient应用关系代词which,we assume为插入语。A选项中as引导非限制性定语从句时,有“正如”之意;B选项who在从句中指代人,不符合;D选项that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故选C。 4. (2020届天津市河西区英语高三二模)Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents’ opinion __________ he wants their support. A. since B. once C. unless D. after 【答案】C 【解析】考查状语从句的从属连词。句意:汤姆非常独立,除非他想得到父母的支持,否则他从不征求父母的意见。A. since 自从……以来;B. once 一旦;C. unless 除非;D. after在……之后。此处表示“除非”需要父母的支持,所以是unless引导的条件状语从句。故选C。 5. (2020届天津市河西区英语高三二模) We have entered into an age __________ dreams have the best chance of coming true. A. which B. what C. that D. when 【答案】D 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我们已经进入了梦想最有可能实现的时代。此处age是先行词,在后面的定语从句中作时间状语,所以由when引导。故选D。 【点睛】 分析定语从句关键抓住两点:第一、找准先行词;第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。先行词往往为名词或代词,如本题中先行词为名词age,再分析先行词age 在定语从句中所作的成分,将先行词age带到从句中可知,只能作时间状语,故确定关系词为when。 6. ( 2020届江苏省连云港市赣榆区高三高考仿真训练)—How did you find your way here? —It was by following the travel brochure __________ the route is clearly clarified. A. that B. how C. where D. which 【答案】C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:——你怎么找到这里的路的?——通过遵循旅行手册,其中明确的路线。分析句子结构可知,此处是所填空引导的定语从句,先行词为the travel brochure,从句中不缺少主宾表,缺少地点状语,所以用where。故选C。 【点睛】 分析定语从句关键抓住两点:第一、找准先行词;第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。先行词往往为名词或代词,本题中先行词为名词the travel brochure,再分析先行词the travel brochure在定语从句中所作的成分,将先行词the travel brochure带到从句中可知,只能作地点状语,故确定关系词where。 7. (2020届江苏省南京市高三第三次模拟)— The designers are over the moon. What’s up? —They’ve reached an agreement on __________ the bonuses are to be divided later. A. why B. how C. where D. when 【答案】B 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:——这些设计者们兴高采烈的。怎么了?——他们刚刚就奖金怎么分配达成了一致。分析句子可知,空白处与其后句子一起作介词on的宾语,属于宾语从句,空白处需要引导词,其中句子成分完整,结合句意考虑用连接副词how作方式状语,表示“如何”。故选B项。 【点睛】 宾语从句连接词的判断是一个重要考点,一般分为三种类型:1.由that引导,that在句中无实意,只起连接作用,其后接一般的陈述句;2.由whether,if引导,在句中表示“是否”,其后句子可以还原成一般疑问句;3.由wh-系列的连接副词和连接代词引导,这些词在句中都要担任一定的成分,连接代词担任主、宾、表等成分,连接副词则担任状语。在具体题目中进行选择时,首先判断宾语从句中是否缺少成分,该小题中就可以看到不缺主、宾、表等成分,结合选项是缺少状语,这时就可以结合句意进行排除选择,从而得出正确答案。 8. (2020届江苏省南京市高三第三次模拟)Unfortunately, __________ we should expect gratitude, we often find the opposite. A. what B. that C. how D. where 【答案】D 【解析】考查地点状语从句。句意:不幸的是,在我们应该期待感激的地方,我们经常发现的是相反的东西。设空所在句子“____________ we should expect gratitude”描述的是主句“we often find the opposite”发生的地点,所以是地点状语从句;地点状语从句的引导词为where。故选D项。 【点睛】地点状语从句容易和定语从句混淆,要区别好两种从句一定要结合定义去理解。Where引导的定语从句前面有表示地点的先行词,而where引导的地点状语从句前面并没有表示地点的先行词。如A tall building was put up at the place where there used to be a desert.这个句子就是定语从句,因为有先行词place在从句中充当地点状语;A tall building was put up where there used to be a desert.这个句子则是地点状语从句,句子中不存在先行词。 9. ( 2020届江苏省连云港市赣榆区高三高考仿真训练) The setting of the film Zootopia may be limited in the city full of kinds of animals, but __________ it exposes about human nature is quite broad. A. which B. that C. what D. whether 【答案】C 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:电影《疯狂动物城》的背景可能局限于动物种类繁多的城市,但它所揭示的人性却相当宽泛。分析句子结构可知,__________it exposes about human nature是主语从句,引导词在从句中作expose的宾语。故用what。故选C项。 11. (2020届江苏省南通等苏北七市高三三模) In the years to come, everyone will be able to take pride in __________ we responded to this challenge. A. what B. when C. that D. how 【答案】D 【解析】考查名词性从句的宾语从句。句意:在未来的岁月里,每个人都会为我们如何应对挑战的方式感到自豪。分析句子,本句为复合句。其中短语take pride in对……感到自豪,介词in 后的全部内容做介词的宾语。宾语从句we responded to this challenge.我们回应这个挑战,缺少方式状语,副词how表示方式,意为“怎样,如何”,符合句意。故选D项。 12. (2020届江苏省南通等苏北七市高三三模)The student is grateful to his English teacher, without __________ encouragement he wouldn’t have pulled through. A. what B. whose C. whom D. which 【答案】B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:这个学生很感激他的英语老师,没有老师的鼓励,他不会康复。分析句子可知,without________encouragement he wouldn’t have pulled through是定语从句,先行词是his English teacher,从句中作定语,修饰encouragement,故用关系代词whose。故选B。 【点睛】 定语从句中whose的用法whose引导的定语从句是语法重点,要学好whose引导的定语从句的用法,应注意以下六个方面。 一、whose为who的所有格,作“某(些)人的……”解,它所指代的先行词必须是人,其引导的定语从句修饰它的先行词,同时它本身在从句中作定语。 This is the little girl whose parents were killed in the great earthquake.这就是在那次大地震中失去双亲的那个小姑娘。 二、whose也可作which的所有格,作“某(些)物的……”解,它所指代的先行词必须是物,其语法功能同上。 The company whose name was Notco was in Australia.那个名叫诺特可的公司设在澳大利亚。 三、由于whose具有兼作who和 which的所有格的双重功能,故在指人时可用of whom代替whose,指物时可用of which代替whose。 13. (2020届江苏省南通等苏北七市高三三模)It was in the Lake District, a tourist attraction in England __________ they met each other and became fast friends. A. where B. which C. when D. that 【答案】D 【解析】考查强调句。句意:就是在湖区——英格兰一处旅游胜地——他们遇到了彼此并成为了朋友。分析句子结构可知,这里并非England或Lake District作先行词的定语从句,而是符合it is/was…that/who结构的强调句。强调的是介词短语。故选D项。 【点睛】 强调句与状语从句、定语从句等其他句型是比较容易混淆的,这里有一个重要的区分方法:区别强调句式与其他句子的关键是看去掉It is/was … that/who…后是否影响句子的结构与意义。如果去掉该结构不影响句子的完整性就是强调句。该小题中如果去掉It was…that后句子就变为They met each other and became fast friends in the Lake District (省略插入语),显然结构与意义都是完整的,确实为强调句。 14. (2020届江苏省南通等苏北七市高三三模)Under the regulation, restaurants and hotels shall stop offering throwaway items __________ customers request them. A. since B. once C. unless D. until 【答案】C 【解析】 考查状语从句的连接词。句意:根据规定,餐馆和酒店应停止提供一次性物品,除非顾客要求。since作为连词,表示“自从”,引导时间状语从句,表示“因为”,引导原因状语从句; once 用作连词,既可以表示“条件”(= if, as long as),也可以表示“时间”(=as soon as); unless意为“除非,如果不”,常用来引导条件状语从句;until作为连词,意为“直到......”引导时间状语从句。分析句子可知,如果顾客不要求的话,根据规定,餐馆和酒店应停止提供一次性物品。状语从句表示条件,结合选项看,选项C符合题意。故选C项。 15. (2020届江苏省南通等苏北七市高三三模)It was in the Lake District, a tourist attraction in England __________ they met each other and became fast friends. A. where B. which C. when D. that 【答案】D 【解析】考查强调句。句意:就是在湖区——英格兰一处旅游胜地——他们遇到了彼此并成为了朋友。分析句子结构可知,这里并非England或Lake District作先行词的定语从句,而是符合it is/was…that/who结构的强调句。强调的是介词短语。故选D项。 【点睛】 强调句与状语从句、定语从句等其他句型是比较容易混淆的,这里有一个重要的区分方法:区别强调句式与其他句子的关键是看去掉It is/was … that/who…后是否影响句子的结构与意义。如果去掉该结构不影响句子的完整性就是强调句。该小题中如果去掉It was…that后句子就变为They met each other and became fast friends in the Lake District(省略插入语),显然结构与意义都是完整的,确实为强调句。 16. (2020届天津市河北区高三一模) —What do you think made the 92nd Academy Awards so special? —__________ Parasite from South Korea won a total of four Oscars. A. Because B. What C. That D. Whether 【答案】C 【解析】考查主语从句。句意:——你认为是什么让第92届奥斯卡金像奖如此特别?——那个来自韩国的《寄生虫》一共赢得了四项奥斯卡奖。根据语境,回答的内容应该是what的内容。what在句中作主语,所以答语应该能在这个句子中作主语,答语中没有疑问的意思也不缺少成分,此处应该用that。故选C项。 17. (2020届天津市河北区高三一模)—How are things going, Mr. White? —Well, they have set out to deal with the present situation __________ they think deserves their immediate attention. A. what B. where C. When D. which 【答案】D 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:——事情进展的怎么样,珍妮?——他们已经开始着手处理目前的现状,他们认为这值得引起他们的注意,下文中先行词the present situation为下文定语从句的逻辑宾语,指物,故引导词用which,故选D。 18. (2020届天津市河北区高三一模) __________ I say Tom is a smart boy, he still needs to work hard to achieve his goal. A. Because B. When C. As D. While 【答案】D 【解析】考查连词。句意:虽然我说了Tom是个聪明的孩子,但他还是需要努力学习才能完成目标。分析句意可知,前后句逻辑上呈现的是转折关系,其中只有while可以表示转折关系。故选D项。 19. (2020届天津市河东区高三学习检测) The retiring teacher made a speech __________ she thanked the class for the cooperation. A. which B. of which C. in which D. that 【答案】C 【解析】考查介词+which引导的定语从句。句意:这位即将退休的老师做了一场演讲,在演讲中她感谢全班同学的合作。分析句子结构可知,此处为定语从句修饰先行词speech,把先行词代入到从句中可得到she thanked the class for the cooperation in the speech, 因此从句中缺地点状语,因此应用in which或where引导定语从句。故选C。 【点睛】 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,是定语从句一种介词前置的定语从句句型,介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系。当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时,把介词置于关系代词前,即演变出“介词+关系代词”句型。例如: The man who/whom /that you spoke to is a teacher.=The man to whom you spoke is a teacher. 关系代词前介词选择三原则:一先,二动,三意义 1.一先,即根据定语从句中介词与先行词的搭配关系选择。例如: I never forget the day on which I came to this school. (on the day) 2.二动,即根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择。例如: This is the iPad on which I spent 3000 yuan. (spend money on sth.) 3.三意义,即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。例如: This is my pair of glasses, without which I cannot see clearly. 在本题中,句意:这位即将退休的老师做了一场演讲,在演讲中她感谢全班同学的合作。分析句子结构可知,此处为定语从句修饰先行词speech,把先行词代入到从句中可得到she thanked the class for the cooperation in the speech, 因此从句中缺地点状语,因此应用in which或where引导定语从句。故选C。 20. (2020届天津市河东区高三学习检测)I’ll cancel my visit to the exhibition __________ you can come with me. A. what B. because C. if D. unless 【答案】D 【解析】考查条件状语从句。句意:我将取消去展览会参观,除非你和我一起去。根据句意可知,本句是条件状语从句,选项中A选项what只能引导名词性从句;B选项 because引导原因状语从句,与句意不符;C选项 if意为“如果”,与句意不符;D选项unless意为“除非”,符合句意。故选D。 查看更多