2021届高三英语北师大版一轮总复习教师用书：定语从句

2021届高三英语北师大版一轮总复习教师用书：定语从句

www.ks5u.com ‎.‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, which she opened with her late husband Les. ‎ 解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知此处是一个非限制性定语从句，且关系词在句中替代先行词a pet shop在从句中作宾语，故用关系代词which。‎ ‎2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)They were well trained by their masters who had great experience with caring for these animals. ‎ 解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知had great experience with caring for these animals为定语从句，修饰先行词masters，masters为人，故填who。‎ ‎3．(2019·浙江卷)On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth that/which gives off light in the dark.‎ 解析：考查定语从句。分析句式可知，先行词是cloth，后面是定语从句，且在从句中作主语，故用关系代词that/which。‎ ‎4．(2019·北京卷)The students benefitting most from college are those who/that are totally engaged (参与) in academic life, taking full advantage of the college's chances and resources (资源)．‎ 解析：考查定语从句的引导词。those做先行词时，关系代词一般用who；又因为that也可以指人，故填who/that。‎ ‎5．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soiltesting program that/which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011，fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.‎ 解析：先行词program后接定语从句；在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为“物”。‎ ‎6．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both，which is not good for the health.‎ 解析：which引导非限制性定语从句，which在从句中作主语，指代前面主句的内容。‎ ‎7．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But Sarah，who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.‎ 解析：根据句子结构可知，此处应是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是Sarah，在从句中作主语，故关系代词用who。‎ ‎8．(2017·浙江卷)Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden，where it remained until the carrot's leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it.‎ 解析：根据句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为the garden，在从句中作地点状语，故要用关系副词where。‎ ‎9．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，who lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC, influenced the development of chopsticks.‎ 解析：句中先行词为the great Chinese scholar Confucius，定语从句中缺少主语，故填who。‎ ‎10．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s，when I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.‎ 解析：句中先行词为the mid1980s，定语从句中缺少时间状语，故填when。‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them.what改为that/which 解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知．..is created for them为定语从句，修饰先行词the historical environment，先行词在定语从句中作主语，故填that或which。‎ ‎2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house.that→which 解析：关系词的混用。that不能够引导非限制性定语从句，故改为which。‎ ‎3．(2016·四川卷)The dishes what I cooked were Mom's favorite.what→that/which，或者去掉what 解析：首先判断dishes后面的从句为定语从句，what不引导定语从句；其次定语从句中缺少宾语。‎ ‎4．(全国卷Ⅱ)Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner，that might not be served until 8 o'clock at night.that→which 解析：关系词的混用。that不能够引导非限制性定语从句，故改为which。‎ ‎1．which与that引导定语从句的区别 ‎(1)which引导非限制性定语从句，在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词前。‎ The little girl is reading a book, in which there are many cartoons.‎ 小女孩在读书，书里有许多漫画。‎ ‎(2)that的用法 ‎①先行词是all, much, little, few, something, anything, everything, none, nothing等不定代词；‎ ‎②先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级所修饰；‎ ‎③先行词被the only, the very, the last等词修饰 ‎④先行词既指人又指物 She is the only person that understands me.‎ 她是唯一理解我的人。‎ The famous writer and his book that you referred to just now are wellknown now.‎ 你刚才提到的那位著名作家和他的书现在非常有名。‎ ‎2．which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别 which as 先行词 先行词可以是一个名词也可以是整个主句 先行词只能是主句 位置 只能放在先行词的后面 位置灵活，可位于句前、句中也可置于句后 搭配 无动词的限制 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see, hear, know, expect, remember等 词意 意为“这一点”‎ 表示“正如……，正像……的那样”‎ ‎　She married again, as we expected.‎ 正如我们预料的那样，她再婚了。‎ She married again, which was unexpected.‎ 她再婚了，这是始料不及的。‎ ‎3．the same...that...与the same...as的区别 ‎(1)the same...as...表示相似的东西。‎ This is the same book as he lent me last week.‎ 这和他上星期借给我的那本书属于同一类。‎ ‎(2)the same...that...表示同一人或物。‎ This is the same book that he lent me last week.‎ 这是他上星期借给我的那本书。‎ ‎4．such/so...as...与such/so...that...的区别 ‎(1)such/so...as...引导定语从句，意为“像……那样”‎ ‎，as在从句中作主语、宾语等。‎ This is such an easy question as I can answer.‎ 这是一道我可以回答的简单问题。‎ ‎(2)such/so...that...引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”，that在从句中不作成分。‎ This is such an easy question that I can answer it.‎ 这是一道如此简单的问题以至于我都可以回答。‎ ‎5．其他关系代词的用法 关系代词 先行词 句法功能 who 人 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语 whom 人 宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)‎ whose(＝of ‎ whom/of which)‎ 人或物 定语 His wife, who is a famous actress, will visit America.‎ 他妻子，一位著名演员，将要访问美国。‎ The house, whose roof was damaged, has now been repaired.‎ 那栋屋顶损坏了的房子现在已经修好了。‎ 关系副词 先行词 句法功能 when 时间 时间状语 where 地点、情形、状况、活动、关键点等 地点状语 why 原因 原因状语 ‎　I will never forget the day when Shenzhou Ⅹ was sent up into space.‎ 我永远不会忘记神舟十号发射升空的那一天。‎ This is the village where we worked ten years ago.‎ 这就是十年前我们工作过的那个村庄。‎ Do you know the reason why he is absent?‎ 你知道他缺席的原因吗？‎ 构成 句法功能 用法指津 名词(代词)＋介词＋关系代词 主语 可转化为“whose＋名词”结构 数词(形容词最高级)＋of＋关系代词 主语 数词还可以被some, many, most, each等不定代词替换 介词(短语)＋关系代词 状语 关系代词只能用which或whom且不能省略，但可与关系副词互换 介词＋关系代词＋名词 状语 关系代词常用which和whose 介词＋关系副词 状语 有时为了表达清楚，还可以在关系副词where/when前加介词from或to ‎　Recently, I bought an ancient vase, the price of which was very reasonable.‎ 最近，我买了一个古代花瓶，它的价格很合理。‎ He has ten cousins, the youngest of whom is very clever.‎ 他有十个表兄弟，最小的那个很聪明。‎ We are looking for the person to whom the book belongs.‎ 我们正在寻找这本书的主人。‎ Lily might possibly come, in which case I'll ask her.‎ 莉莉可能会来，要是那样的话我就去问她。‎ There is a big window in my room, from where I can see the railway station.‎ 我的房间有一个大窗户，透过它我可以看到火车站。‎ ‎1．分隔式定语从句 ‎ 分隔式定语从句是指先行词与关系代(副)词分隔。‎ Great changes around us take place before our eyes every day to which we pay little attention.(先行词great changes与定语从句to which we pay little attention分隔)‎ 我们很少关注眼前在我们周边每天发生的巨大变化。‎ ‎2．插入式定语从句 插入式定语从句是指关系代词与从句之间有插入语。‎ We must believe in ourselves, which, in my opinion, is the most important in our life.(关系代词which与从句其他成分之间有插入语in my opinion)‎ 我们必须要相信自己，在我看来，这是我们生活中最重要的。‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Well, he likes the idea of studying there, but he has friends who/that will stay here, and his girlfriend may stay here too.‎ ‎2．Brown fat burns energy, which helps us lose weight.‎ ‎3．Anyone who/that upgrades their professional knowledge to a new level can apply for these courses.‎ ‎4．There once lived a boy named Woo Sing, whose father brought home a mirror.‎ ‎5．I have also heard that another reason for growing GM food is that the producers want to be able to successfully grow the best crops that have a high nutritional value.‎ ‎6．Well, second, be sure to do some research on the company for which you are being interviewed.‎ ‎7．Secondly you are to take part in different parties and know the history of China and Chinese culture, especially Chinese holidays, which will impress you deeply.‎ ‎8．I was puzzled and didn't know how to deal with the relationship between job and family until one day, during my business trip in Chicago, I ‎ came across an old family friend Dan, who was once a patient of my father.‎ ‎9．They also supervised slaves who/that did all the cooking, cleaning and planting of the crops.‎ ‎10．I have been a member for four years now and I've taken part in a lot of interesting projects, which include fun activities such as holiday camps and discos.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．From there we went to Brisbane, that is the capital city of Queensland, Australia.that→which ‎2．Last but not least, my physics teacher is my role model, which influence on me has spread to my whole life.which→whose ‎3．You are supposed to have lunch together with some students in the school dining hall, that you can have a free talk with students from different classes.that→where ‎4．Ah Bao did all he could to save my little brother, that moved all the people present.that→which ‎5．There are three people in my family and I'm the only one child, who is very common in Chinese families.who→which ‎6．On the third floor there are two rooms, one of them is used as a meeting room.them→which ‎7．The waitress, named Penny, is an easygoing and nice girl whom has a dream of becoming an actress. whom→who ‎8．The town is so primitive—all the buildings conserve their original faces, that makes it popular among the modernized world.that→which ‎9．After drinking this kind of milk, the babies had big heads while their legs and arms were still thin, it badly affected their health.it→which ‎10．It is stated in my resume, I graduated from Zhejiang‎ ‎University with outstanding academic performances.It→As Ⅲ.用适当的关系词填空 Do you know the man __1__ wrote this book？He was Jason, one of ‎ the engineers __2__ came from Russia in the 1950s.He worked in the same factory __3__ my father once worked.When he came to China, the first thing __4__ he did was to visit the factory __5__ did research on trolleybuses and found out the reason __6__ China was so backward in it.Then he spent every minute __7__ he could spare to help China develop transportation. __8__ is mentioned above, Jason was a foreigner __9__ made great contributions to our country and was a kind man to __10__ we should say thanks.‎ ‎1．who/that　2.who/that　3.where　4.that　5.which/that　6.why　7.that　8.As　9.who/that　10.whom Ⅳ.语法填空 The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. Awakening of Insects (惊蛰) __1__ (fall) on Mar. 6 and ends on Mar. 20 this year.‎ Awakening of Insects signals a rise in temperature and increased rain fall. As the __2__ (three) solar term in the lunar year, __3__ (it) name suggests the fact that animals sleeping in winter are awakened __4__ spring thunder and that the earth begins to come back to life. It is the key time for spring agricultural __5__ (activity). It is also a good time for people to enjoy fun outdoors, especially for people living in the city. __6__ (drive) to the suburbs, fishing in a lake or enjoying the singing bird will make for a perfect weekend in spring. The most popular fruit in this season is pears.‎ Eating pears around the Awakening of Insects __7__ (be) a widelypracticed custom in China. As the weather gets __8__ (warm) and the air becomes drier, people tend to feel their mouths and tongues are dry, __9__ can cause colds or coughs. A pear is sweet, juicy and cold, moistening (湿润) the lungs to arrest a cough. __10__， pears are highly recommended during the Awakening of Insects.‎ 本文是一篇文化类短文阅读，主要介绍了我国农历传统节气惊蛰的习俗。‎ ‎1．falls　‎ 解析：考查动词的时态。句意：今年的惊蛰是在‎3月6日 ‎。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。故填falls。‎ ‎2．third　‎ 解析：考查序数词。句意：作为农历的第三个节气。根据句意可知，这里表示“第三”，故用序数词。‎ ‎3．its　‎ 解析：考查代词。句意：它的名字表明正冬眠的动物被春雷唤醒，大地上万物复苏。修饰名词name，用形容词性物主代词作定语。‎ ‎4．by　‎ 解析：考查介词。句意：它的名字表明正冬眠的动物被春雷唤醒，大地上万物复苏。介词by表示“被”。‎ ‎5．activities　‎ 解析：考查名词的数。句意：这是春季农业活动的关键时刻。名词activity为可数名词，根据句意可知用复数形式。‎ ‎6．Driving　‎ 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：开车去郊区，在湖里钓鱼，或者欣赏鸟儿唱歌，这些都是春天完美的周末。分析句子可知，此处与fishing in a lake or enjoying the singing bird并列，因此用动名词作主语。‎ ‎7．is　‎ 解析：考查主谓一致。句意：在中国，惊蛰前后吃梨是一种很普遍的习俗。动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。‎ ‎8．warmer　‎ 解析：考查形容词比较级。句意：随着天气变暖，天气比较干，人们很容易口干舌燥，容易因此患上感冒或咳嗽。根据and the air becomes drier提示可知，这里用形容词比较级形式。‎ ‎9．which　‎ 解析：考查定语从句。句意：随着天气变暖，天气比较干，人们很容易口干舌燥，容易因此患上感冒或咳嗽。此处为非限制性定语从句，用which指代前面的事情。‎ ‎10．Therefore/Thus　‎ 解析：考查副词。句意：因此，在惊蛰时，强烈推荐吃梨。根据前后句之间的关系可知，这里为因果关系，根据逗号可知，这里用副词形式。‎ Ⅴ.短文改错 A man stops at a flower shop to order some flowers to be wired to his mother who lived two hundreds miles away. As he got out his car, he noticed a little girl sobbing there. When ask why, she said, “I want to buy a rose for my mother, and I have no money.” The man bought a rose for the girl. As they were leaving he offered the girl the ride home. But the girl directed him to a cemetery, when she placed the rose on a fresh dug grave (坟墓). The man returned to the flower shop, and canceled the wire order, picked up a bouquet and driving to his mother's house.‎ 答案