高考英语一轮复习第1部分基础知识解读Unit1Womenofachievement教师用书新人教版必修4

高考英语一轮复习第1部分基础知识解读Unit1Womenofachievement教师用书新人教版必修4

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 Unit 1 Women of achievement Ⅰ.写作单词——会拼写 1．campaign n． 运动；战役 vi. 作战；参加运动 2．respect vt.&n. 尊敬；尊重；敬意 3．support n．&vt. 支持；拥护 4．deliver vt. 递送；生(小孩儿)；接生；发表(演说等) 5．shade n. 荫；阴凉处 vt. 遮住光线 6．achieve vt. 取得；实现 →achievement n. 成就；功绩 7．connect vt. 联系 →connected adj. 有联系的 →connection n. 连接；关系 8．organize vt. 组织 →organization n. 组织；机构；团体 9．behave vt.&vi. 举动；(举止或行为)表现 →behaviour n. 行为；举止；习性 10．observe vt. 观察；观测；遵守 →observation n. 观察；观测 11．argue vt.&vi. 讨论；辩论；争论 →argument n. 争论；争辩；争吵 12．crowd n. 人群；观众 vt. 挤满；使拥挤 →crowded adj. 拥挤的 13．inspire vt. 鼓舞；激发；启示 →inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞 14．refer vi. 谈到；查阅；参考 →reference n. 查阅；参考 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 15．intend vt. 计划；打算 →intention n. 目的；意图 16．consider vt. 考虑；体谅 →considerate adj. 考虑周到的 →consideration n. 考虑；体谅 Ⅱ.阅读单词——要识记 17．project n． 项目；工程；规划 18．specialist n. 专家；专业工作者 19．modest adj. 谦虚的；谦让的；适度的 20．worthwhile adj. 值得的；值得做的 21．outspoken adj. 直言的；坦诚 22．entertainment n. 款待；娱乐；娱乐表演 23．audience n. 观众；听众；读者 24．emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况 高频短语——会默写 1．fight for 为……而战 2．crowd in (想法、问题等)涌上心头；涌入脑海 3．look down upon/on 蔑视；瞧不起 4．refer to 查阅；参考；谈到 5．come across (偶然)遇见；碰见 6．move off 离开；起程；出发 7．lead a ...life 过着……的生活 8．by chance 碰巧；凑巧 9．catch one's eye 引起某人注意 10．carry on 继续；坚持 11．as well as 和；也；又 教材原句——会背诵 句式仿写——能应用 1.Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. 1.只有相互理解和相互学习，我们才能共同 幸福地度过这些日子。Only by understanding and learning each other can we spend these days together happily. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 (only ＋状语位于句首时的部分倒装) 2.Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time. (“It hits /hit sb.＋从句”表示“某 人突然想起……”。) 2.我突然想到我把护照落在厨房的桌子上 了。 It suddenly hit me that I had left my passport on the table in the kitchen. 3.Further reading made me realize that it was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school.(强调句型) 3.只有在战争爆发后，人们才意识到和平的 重要性。 It was only after the war broke out that people realized the importance of peace. 4.Once I stop，it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories. (once 引导条件状语从句，意为“一 旦”。) 4.一旦学会了利用失败，那么失败就能为你 的生活做出积极的贡献。Failure can make a positive contribution to your life once you learn to make use of it. 精讲 6 个考纲单词 behave vt.&vi.举动；(举止或行为)表现 [高考佳句] One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train their children to behave socially.(2016 年江苏高考·阅 读理解) 一种原因是这些本能在大多数父母开始训练孩子表现的社会性前在他们很小的时候就 显现了。 (1)behave well/badly to /towards sb. 对待某人好/差 behave oneself 守规矩；表现得体 (2)wellbehaved 表现好的 badlybehaved 表现差的 (3)behaviour n. 举止；行为 mind one's behaviour 注意某人的举止 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 ①They behaved badly towards the guests，which made us disappointed. 他们对客人很不礼貌，这使我们非常失望。 ②If parents do not teach their child how to behave himself(he)，he will do anything at will. 如果父母不教给他们的孩子如何守规矩，他做任何事情都我行我素。 【导学号：30892085】 ③I think all of us should mind our behaviour(behave) in public places. 我认为我们大家都应该注意在公共场所的行为举止。 observe vt.观察；注意到；观测；遵守；庆祝 [一词多义] 写出下列句中 observe 的含义 ①Therefore，rules should be worked out and strictly observed.遵守；遵从 ②It is a tradition for the people here to observe the Spring Festival.庆祝 ③The scientist devoted most of his lifetime to observing the behavior of the chimps. 观察 ④The thief was observed to open the window and run away. 注意到 (1)observe sb.do sth. 观察某人做某事(全过程) observe sb.doing sth. 观察某人正在做某事 observe that... 观察…… (2)observe the traffic rules 遵守交通规则 observe Christmas 过圣诞节 ⑤When I passed his house，I observed him playing (play) in his yard. 当我经过他家时，我注意到他正在院子里玩耍。 ⑥The police observed that the driver did not observe the traffic rules． 警察注意到那位司机没有遵守交通规则。 respect vt.尊敬；尊重；敬意 n．细节；方面；敬意；问候 [高考佳句] When I have a different opinion，I may choose to give it up and respect the opinion of the majority.(2015 年浙江高考·书面表达) 当我有不同的意见时，我可能会选择放弃并尊重多数人的意见。 (1)respect sb.for sth. 因某事而尊重某人 (2)have/show respect for sb. 尊重某人 give/send one's respects to sb. 向某人表示敬意 out of respect for... 出于对……的尊敬；顾及 (3)in all/many respects 在各个方面/在许多方面 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 in respect of 关于；就……而言 ①In addition，you should respect all the teachers who unselfishly help you to gain much knowledge. →In addition，you should show respect for all the teachers who unselfishly help you to gain much knowledge.此外，你应该尊重帮助你获得知识的所有无私的老师。 ②Please give my respects (respect) to your parents. 请代我向你父母问好。 ③Chinese children grow up with warnings not to waste a single grain of rice， out of respect for farmers' labor. 中国的孩子在很小的时候就受到不能浪费每一粒粮食的教育，这是出于对农民劳动的尊 重。 argue vi.&vt.讨论；争论；说服；辩论 [高考佳句] Some argued that attention should be paid to our heavy road traffic.(2015 年江苏高考·书面表达) 一些人争论说应该多注意我们拥堵的道路交通。 (1)argue with sb.about/over sth. 与某人争论某事 argue for/against sth. 赞成/反对某事 argue sb.into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事 argue that... 主张/认为…… (2)argument n. 争论；争辩；论点 beyond argument 无可辩解 ①It's no use arguing with him about the question for he won't change his opinion. 关于这个问题和他争论是没有用的，他是不会改变自己的观点的。 ②As far as I know，they argue for the right to vote. 据我所知，他们据理力争选举权。 ③We tried many ways to argue him into accepting our advice，but in vain. 我们想尽各种办法劝说他接受我们的建议，但都是徒劳。 [链接写作] 一句多译 说服农民相信科学种田是我们的任务。 ①It is our task to argue the peasants into believing scientific farming.(argue) ②To persuade the peasants into believing/to believe scientific farming is our task.(persuade) ③Our task is to talk the peasants into believing scientific farming.(talk) 【导学号：30892086】 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 intend vt.计划；打算 [教材原句] I looked carefully at the text and realized that it was intended for women in the countryside.我细细地看了这篇文章，了解到那是为农村妇女写的。 (1)intend doing/to do sth. 打算做某事 intend sb.to do sth. 打算让某人做某事 had intended to do sth./intended to have done sth. 本来打算做某事 intend that...(should) do sth. 打算……；主张…… (2)be intended to do sth./for sth. 专门为……；专门给…… (3)intention n. 意图，目的 with an/the intention of 抱有……的目的；打算…… ①They had intended(intend) to go into the country for the day，but were put off by reports of traffic jams.他们本来打算那天到乡下去，但由于交通拥挤就推迟了。 ②The agreement，intended(intend) to help homeless people，was signed in Paris last week. 这个旨在帮助无家可归者的协议于上周在巴黎签署。③This program was set up with an intention(intend)of providing help to homeless people. 设立这个项目是为了帮助无家可归者。 support n. & vt.支持；拥护 [经典例句] He had to do an extra job after work，for he had a big family to support.他下班后得去做另外一份工作，因为他有一大家人要养活。 (1)support sb./a family 支持某人/支撑一个家庭 support sb.in (doing) sth. 在(做)某事方面支持某人 support oneself 自力更生 (2)in support of sb./sth. 支持或支援某人/某物 (3)supporter n. 支持者 ①We'll support you heart and soul in your new experiment. 我们将会全心全意地支持您进行新的实验。 ② Only a few people spoke in support of his plan ， which made him very disappointed. 只有少数人支持他的计划，这使他很伤心。 诠释 3 个核心短语 look down upon/on 蔑视；轻视；瞧不起 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 [高考佳句] Therefore，there is no reason for us to look down upon/on ordinary jobs.(2013 年广东高考·读写任务)因此，我们没有理由轻视普通的工作。 look forward to 盼望；期待 look up to 尊敬；仰视 look into 调查；观察；窥视 look up 抬头看；查阅 look back on/at 回顾 look out (for...) 注意；留意；留神(……) look through 浏览；仔细查看 ①I often look up the words I don't know in the dictionary or on the Internet. 我常在字典里或网上查阅不认识的单词。 ②Meanwhile，I am looking forward to hearing(hear) from you as soon as possible. 同时，我期待着尽快收到您的回信。 refer to 提及；谈到；参考；查阅；提交；把……称作…… [一词多义] 写出下列句中 refer to 的含义 ①If you don't know the exact meaning of the word，you may refer to the dictionary. 查阅 ②Your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test. 参考 ③We have reached an agreement that we will not refer to the matter again. 提及 (1)refer to ... as ... 把……称作…… refer ... to ... 把……提交给……(以求获得帮助) (2)reference n. 言及；提及；参考；查阅 ④The scientist referred to the discovery as the most exciting new development in this field.这位科学家把这一发现称作是这个领域中最令人兴奋的新发展。 ⑤The textbooks and dictionaries can be used as reference(refer) books while the magazines serve as reading materials.(2015 年天津高考·书面表达) 课本和字典可以用作参考书而杂志可作为阅读材料。 carry on 继续；坚持；经营；进行(生意、谈话等) [经典例句] We must carry on till success in spite of the extremely difficult conditions. 尽管条件极其困难，我们必须坚持下去，直到成功。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 8 （1）carry on with sth. doing sth. 继续做某事 （2）carry out 实行；执行；进行；履行（诺言、义务等） carry through 帮……渡过（难关等）；维持；完成 ①If you carry on working like that，you will break down sooner or later. 如果你继续那样工作，你迟早会累垮的。 ②The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise，if carried out regularly， can improve our health. 这项实验表明，如果有规律地进行适当的运动能够改善我们的身体健康。 【导学号：30892087】 [名师点津] carry on 既可用作及物动词短语，也可用作不及物动词短语。 突破 2 个高考句型 (教材 P2)Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.突然我想起在那个年代，一个女子去学医是多么困难啊。 句中使用了“It hit(s) me＋从句”结构，意思是“我突然想到……”，it 在句中作 形式主语。 It occurs to sb.that ... (某人)突然想到…… It strikes sb.that ... (某人)突然想到…… It happens that ... 碰巧…… ①It hit me that I had been paying attention to what was going wrong with my life rather than what was right.我突然意识到我一直都在关注生活中错误的而不是正确 的事情。 ②It happened that they spent their childhood in the same village. 碰巧他们的童年是在同一个村子度过的。 [链接写作] 一句多译 他突然想到第二天上午他要参加一个重要的会议。 ①It occurred to him that he had an important conference to attend the next morning.(occur) ②It hit him that he had an important conference to attend the next morning.(hit) ③ It struck him that he had an important conference to attend the next morning.(strike) (教材 P2)Once I stop，it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories. 我一旦停下来，所有的一切都会涌上心头，我就会想起实验室的黑猩猩。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 9 once 在本句中引导条件状语从句，意为“一旦……就……”。 如果 once 引导的从句的主语与主句的主语一致，且从句中的谓语动词含有 be 动词的某 种形式，或从句为“it be...”形式，从句中的“主语＋be”或“it be”可以省略。 ①Once we have a common interest，a friendship can begin.(2015 年安徽高考·任 务型读写) 一旦我们有共同的兴趣，友谊便开始形成了。 ②Once (he was)a worker，he now becomes a famous singer. 他曾经是个工人，现在变成了一位著名的歌手。 ③Once broadcast(broadcast)，the TV play will be very popular with young people. 一旦开播，这部电视剧就会为年轻人所喜欢。 [多角快练]——练单词 练短语 练句型———————————— 基础考点全面练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Seeing both his sons admitted to key universities，he felt a sense of (achieve)． 2．As is known to us，there is a direct (connect) between smoking and heart disease. 3． (inspire) by my good friend，I intended to go abroad. 4．Usually a child's (behave)is a reflection of his family environment. 5．Asia，as well as other continents， (have) very rich natural resources. 6.Do you want to get this book (deliver) to your house or would you prefer to come to the shop for it yourself? 【 答 案 】 1.achievement 2.connection 3.Inspired 4.behaviour 5.has 6.delivered Ⅱ.单句改错 1．It was hard work and her determination as well as her gentle nature got her into medical school. 2．Everything is taken into consideration，he has done a good job this time. 3．It is considerate for you not to make any noise while the others are having a rest. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 10 4．He is an independent child，who does all the things by his own. 【导学号：30892088】 5．The young girl devotes all her spare time to study English. 【答案】 1.got 前加 that 2.去掉 is 3.for→of 4.by→on 5.study→studying 重难考点多维练 1intend 全面练 (1)单句语法填空 ①The school being built at present is said (intend) for the disabled children. ②The programme intended (offer) children regular opportunities to develop confidence and independence turned out to be successful. 【导学号：30892089】 ③This program was set up with an (intend) of providing help to homeless people. (2)句型转换 ④They intended that the plan should be put into practice within this year. →They intended the plan put into practice within this year.(改为 简单句) 【答案】 ①to be intended ②offering/to offer ③intention ④to be 2．carry 短语全接触 (1)单句语法填空 ①Complete tests have been carried on the patient. ②It's a difficult job but she's the person to carry it . 【导学号：30892090】 ③At last week's Oscars, a small number of films carried nearly all the prizes. ④Carry with your work while I'm away. (2)单句写作 ⑤(2013·四川高考·书面表达)如何养成习惯？第一步就是制定计划表，然后坚持去执 行它，不要放弃。 How to develop the habit? The first step ， set a timetable ， and ， don't stop. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 11 【答案】 ①out ②through ③off ④on ⑤sticked to carrying out the plan Ⅰ.课文语法填空 根据 P2 课文内容，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Jane Goodall，who 1. (intend) to work with animals in their own environment since her childhood，went to Africa and devoted herself to 2. (study)the behaviour of chimps.It was tough 3. she considered it as a worthwhile career. Through her study，we learned much more 4. chimps.She argued that the life of these animals should 5. (respect) and that they should be left in 6. wild and not used for 7. (entertain)．Besides，she was very 8. (consider) towards these animals.Now，she has achieved everything she wanted to do, 9. inspired those who want 10. (cheer) the achievements of women. 【答案】 1.had intended 2.studying 3.but 4.about 5.be respected 6.the 7.entertainment 8.considerate 9.which 10.to cheer Ⅱ.高考话题微写作 根据提示，运用本单元所学知识完成下面的小作文。 1．我在一家书店碰巧发现了一本书，这本书专门供家长使用。(by chance；intend) 2．书中有一些建议，如：如何教育孩子举止得体，尊敬他人等。(behave；respect) 3．这本书谈及一些家长和孩子，在这本书的帮助下他们取得了很大的成就。(refer to; support; achievement) 4．我认为这是一本值得读的好书。(worthwhile) 【参考范文】 One day, I found a book in the bookshop by chance which was intended for parents.There were some tips in the book，such as to teach children how to behave themselves, to respect others and so on.In addition, the book referred to some 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 12 parents and their children who had made great achievements in support of this book.All in all, I think that it is worthwhile to read the book.