江苏省2021届 新高考名师预测卷（二）英语试题 Word版含解析

江苏省2021届 新高考名师预测卷（二）英语试题 Word版含解析

江苏省新高考名师预测卷(二) 英语 （满分 150分,考试时间 120分钟） 第一部分 听力(共两节,满分 30分) 第一节 (共 5小题;每小题 1.5分,满分 7.5分) 听下面 5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选 出最佳选项。听完每段对话后你都有 10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一 小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. Who does the woman want to call? A. George B. Drake C. Daniel 2. What will the speakers do first? A. Wait for Robert B. Call Robert up C. Pick Robert up 3. What is the weather now? A. Sunny B. Warm C. Rainy. 4. What is the most important for the woman? A. Eating healthy food B. Keeping enough sleep C. Trying different sports 5. Which activity does the woman waste her money on? A. Eating out. B. Renting movies. C. Buying clothes 第二节(共 15小题;每小题 1.5分,满分 225分) 听下面 5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小 题 5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出 5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第 6段材料,回答第 6,7题。 6. What is the probable relationship between the two speakers? A. Classmates B. Brother and sister C. Mother and son 7. Why was Cathy upset? A. She failed to get a prize. B. She received her mom's call. C. She missed the teacher's praise. 听第 7段材料,回答第 8,9题。 8. What happened to Bill? A. He lost his job B. He quarreled with Shelly C. He annoyed the boss 9. What can we learn about Bill? A. He has a baby called Shelly B. He often changes his job C. He is probably an engineer 听第 8段材料,回答第 10至 12题 10. What are they talking about? A. The soup B. The vegetables. C. The price 11. What information can we probably get about Maria? A. She is sick B. She likes sugar. C. She likes onions most 12. What does the man think of the woman now? A. She is stronger than before B. She has the same taste as before C. She likes strong taste 听第 9段材料,回答第 13至 16题。 13. What is the man's favourite about China? A. Scenery B. Food C. Tradition 14. Where will the woman arrive at last? A. New York. B. Los Angeles C. Seattle 15. How did the man book a hotel? A. Calling the hotel B. Visiting the website. C. Visiting the hotel 16. What does the man advise the woman to take? A. Some thick clothes. B. A beautiful umbrella C. A pair of sunglasses 听第 10段材料,回答第 17至 20题。 17. What is the speaker? A. A teacher B. A doctor C A scientist. 18. What does the speaker do on Monday morning? A. Writing B. Working C Washing, 19. When will the first appointment finish on Tuesday? A. 6:30 B. 8:15. C. 9:00 20. How does the man find his schedule? A. He hates it B. He has to stand it C. He is fond of it 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节满分 50分) 第一节(共 15小题;每小题 2.5分,满分 37.5分 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Windermere Jetty This new museum will trace 200 years of boats and boat-building in the Lakes. The vessels on show will range from historic steam launches to record-breaking speed boats. The conservation workshop will also allow visitors to watch the restoration work take place. Venture out on to the water on cruise boats and grab the opportunity to sail on the Osprey, a restored Edwardian steam boat. .Opens 23 March, adult £ 9, under 16s £7. Yorkshire Sculpture Park This art-filled landscape has 500 acres of rolling hills home to works by many artists. The newly-built visitor centre, the Weston, is to open to the public, with a gallery space,restaurant and a shop selling produce that includes honey made at the park. .Park Is open year round. new visitor centre opens 30 March, admission free, parking from £ 3 an hour. National Centre for Children's Literature Neverland is real after all. The "enchanted land", surrounding Moat Brae, a Georgian townhouse in Dumfries, south-west Scotland, was the inspiration behind the tale of Peter Pan. The house is being restored to its former glory and transformed into a cultural centre celebrating children’s literature. It will include an interactive exhibition, garden adventure trails, bookshop, cafe, as well as hosting workshops and events. .Opens 3 May , tickets on sale in April. Adventure Parc Snowdonia New activities at this redeveloped adventure centre in Wales include indoor climbing and artificial caving, and an adventure playground. The centre was the world's first inland surf hub. Currently there's pod and camping, including use of hot tubs and sauna, with plans for an on-site hotel and spa for 2020. .Off-peak surfing £ 35 adult, £ 25 child; surf lessons from £ 50 adult, £ 40 child. 1. What can be expected in Windermere Jetty? A. Different crafts B. Great scenery C. Riding a steam boat D. Restoring some ships 2. Where can local produce be accessed? A. Windermere Jetty B. Yorkshire Sculpture Park C. National Centre for Children's Literature D. Adventure Parc Snowdonia 3. Which of the following was inspired by the tale of Peter Pan? A. Neverland B. Moat Brae C. Dumfries. D. Scotland 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 【解析】 本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四处旅游胜地。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据Windermere Jetty一段中“Venture out on to the water on cruise boats and grab the opportunity to sail on the Osprey, a restored Edwardian steam boat.”（冒险乘坐游船出海，抓 住机会乘坐“鱼鹰”号，这是一艘经过修复的爱德华时代的蒸汽船。）可知，在Windermere Jetty 里，人们可以乘坐蒸汽船游行。故选 C项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Yorkshire Sculpture Park 一段中“The newly-built visitor center, the Weston, is to open to the public, with a gallery space, restaurant and a shop selling produce that includes honey made at the park.”（新建的游客中心，韦斯顿，将对公众开放，有画廊空间，餐厅和商 店出售农产品，包括在公园制作的蜂蜜。）可知，在 Yorkshire Sculpture Park（约克郡雕塑公 园）可以买到当地农产品。故选 B项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据National Centre for Children's Literature一段中“Neverland is real after all.The "enchanted land", surrounding Moat Brae, a Georgian townhouse in Dumfries, south-west Scotland, was the inspiration behind the tale of Peter Pan. ”（梦幻岛毕竟是真实存在的。“魔法 之地”环绕着护城河布雷，这是苏格兰西南部邓弗里斯的一座乔治王朝时期的联排别墅，是 彼得·潘故事的灵感来源。）可知，Neverland（梦幻岛）的灵感来源于故事《彼得·潘》。故选 A项。 B At the age of 14, James Harrison had a major chest operation and he required 13 units (3.4 gallons) of blood afterwards. The blood donations saved his life, and he decided that once he turned 18, he would begin donating blood as regularly as he could. More than 60 years and almost 1,200 donations later, Harrison, whose blood contains an antibody (抗体) that has saved the lives of 2.4 million babies from miscarriages (流产), retired as a blood donor on May 11. Harrison’s blood is valuable because he naturally produces Rh-negative blood, which contains Rh-positive antibodies. His blood has been used to create anti-D in Australia since 1967. “Every bottle of anti-D ever made in Australia has James in it,” Robyn Barlow, the Rh program director told the Sydney Morning Herald. “It’s an amazing thing. He has saved millions of babies. I cry just thinking about it.” Since then, Harrison has donated between 500 and 800 milliliters of blood almost every week. “I’d keep going if they let me,” Harrison told the Herald. His doctors said it was time to stop the donations. They had already extended the age limit for blood donations for him, and they’re cutting him off now to protect his health. Harrison’s retirement is a blow to the Rh treatment program in Australia. Only 160 donors support the program, and finding new donors has proven to be difficult. But Harrison’s retirement from giving blood doesn’t mean he’s completely out of the game. Scientists are collecting and cataloging his DNA to create a library of antibodies and white blood cells that could be the future of the anti-D program in Australia. 4. Why did James Harrison decide to donate blood as regularly as he could? A. Because he wanted to be a celebrity. B. Because he was saved by the blood donations when he was young. C. Because his blood is valuable. D. Because the Rh treatment program in Australia need him. 5. What can we learn from the underlined sentence in paragraph 3? A. Robyn Barlow was sad because millions of babies suffer from blood disease. B. Robyn Barlow was worried because Harrison may die of losing too much blood. C. Robyn Barlow was moved by Harrison’s donations. D. Robyn Barlow was frightened by Harrison’s crazy behavior. 6. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Harrison’s retirement will not affect the Rh program. B. After Harrison’s retirement, the Rh program will fail. C. Harrison’s influence to the Rh program will still exist after his retirement. D. A library has been built for the study of Harrison’s DNA . 7. Which word can best describe Harrison? A. Patient. B. Diligent. C. Talented. D. Devoted. 【答案】4. B 5. C 6. C 7. D 【解析】 【分析】 本文为记叙文。文章主要叙述 Harrison因别人的献血挽救了自己的生命，因此决定 18岁以 后自己也参与献血。60年里他献血近 1200次，他自然产生 RH阴性血，其中含有 RH阳性 抗体，拯救了数百万婴儿。他的献血也促进了未来的澳大利亚抗 D计划。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。第一段“At the age of 14, James Harrison had a major chest operation and he required 13 units (3.4 gallons) of blood afterwards. The blood donations saved his life, and he decided that once he turned 18, he would begin donating blood as regularly as he could.” 14 岁 时，詹姆斯·哈里森做了一次大的胸部手术，手术后他需要 13个加仑的血液。有人献血挽 救了他的生命，于是他决定一旦年满 18岁，就开始尽可能地定期献血。由此可推出，詹姆 斯·哈里森决定尽可能地定期献血是因为他小的时有人献血挽救了他。故选 B。 【5题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线部分的上句“Every bottle of anti-D ever made in Australia has James in it,” Robyn Barlow, the Rh program director told the Sydney Morning Herald. “It’s an amazing thing. He has saved millions of babies...” 罗宾说“澳大利亚生产的每一瓶抗-D药物 都含有詹姆斯的捐献，”Rh项目主管 Robyn Barlow说，“这是一件了不起的事情。他救了 数百万婴儿”。故划线句子“I cry just thinking about it”是说罗宾•巴洛为詹姆斯的献血而感 动。分析选项可知 C项（哈里森的捐款感动了罗宾·巴洛）符合题意，故选 C。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“They had already extended the age limit for blood donations for him, and they’re cutting him off now to protect his health.”可知，的医生说应该让詹姆斯·哈 里森停止献血了。他们已经延长了他献血的年龄限制，现在为了保护他的健康，他们正在切 断他的血液供应。最后一段“Harrison’s retirement is a blow to the Rh treatment program in Australia. Only 160 donors support the program, and finding new donors has proven to be difficult. But Harrison’s retirement from giving blood doesn’t mean he’s completely out of the game. Scientists are collecting and cataloging his DNA to create a library of antibodies and white blood cells that could be the future of the anti-D program in Australia.” 詹姆斯·哈里森退休对澳大 利亚的 Rh治疗计划是一个打击。只有 160名捐赠者支持这项计划，找到新的献血者是很困 难的。但詹姆斯•哈里森退出献血并不意味着他完全退出了比赛。科学家们正在收集和编目 他的 DNA，以建立一个抗体和白细胞库，这可能是澳大利亚抗 D计划的未来。由此可推断 出詹姆斯•哈里森退出这个项目，但却促进了科学家收集和编目他的 DNA，将要建立一个抗 D和白细胞库。由此可推断出哈里森退休后对 Rh 项目还有影响。分析选项可知 C项（哈里 森退休后对 Rh项目的影响仍然存在）符合题意，故选 C。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。本文主要叙述是 Harrison因别人的献血挽救了自己的生命，因此决定 18岁以 后自己也参与献血。60年里他献血近 1200次，他自然产生 RH阴性血，其中含有 RH阳性 抗体，拯救了数百万婴儿。他的献血精神就是一种奉献精神，挽救了许多人，更感动了许多。 文章中献血（即对他人的奉献精神）一词，贯穿全文。分析选项 A. Patient.耐心的；B. Diligent. 勤奋的； C. Talented. 天才的；D. Devoted.奉献精神的。故选 D。 【点睛】在阅读中我们经常会考查猜测词句题。事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词 语或句子甚至段落都有联系。运用逻辑推理猜测词句是使用最广考查最多也最易失分的猜词 方式，这要求考生具备整合分散、复杂信息的能力，充分利用上下文（各种已知信息）并结 合具体的语境推测、判断某些词或短语的词义。例如第 2小题词句猜测题。根据划线部分的 上句“Every bottle of anti-D ever made in Australia has James in it,” Robyn Barlow, the Rh program director told the Sydney Morning Herald. “It’s an amazing thing. He has saved millions of babies...” 罗宾说“澳大利亚生产的每一瓶抗-D药物都含有詹姆斯的捐献，”Rh 项目主管 Robyn Barlow告诉悉尼先驱晨报说。“这是一件了不起的事情。他救了数百万婴 儿”。故划线句子“I cry just thinking about it”是说罗宾•巴洛为詹姆斯的献血而感动。分析 选项可知 C项（哈里森的捐款感动了罗宾•巴洛）符合题意，故选 C。 C It's common knowledge that the woman in Leonardo da Vinci's most famous painting seems to look back at observers, following them with her eyes no matter where they stand in the room. But this common knowledge turns out wrong. A new study finds that the woman in the painting is actually looking out at an angle that’s 15. 4 degrees off to the observer's right-well outside of the range that people normally believe when they think someone is looking right at them. In other words, said the study author, Horstmann, "She’s not looking at you. " This is somewhat ironic, because the entire phenomenon of a person's gaze( 凝视) in a photograph or painting seeming to follow the viewer is called the "Mona Lisa effect". That effect is absolutely real, Horstmann said. If a person is illustrated or photographed looking straight ahead, even people viewing the portrait from an angle will feel they are being looked at. As long as the angle of the person's gaze is no more than about 5 degrees off to either side, the Mona Lisa effect occurs. Horstmann and his co-author were studying this effect for its application in the creation of artificial-intelligence avatars (虚拟头像) when Horstmann took a long look at the ”Mona Lisa" and realized she wasn't looking at him. To make sure it wasn't just him, the researchers asked 24 people to view images of the “ Mona Lisa" on a computer screen They set a ruler between the viewer and the screen and asked the participants to note which number on the ruler intersected Mona Lisa’s gaze. To calculate the angle of Mona Lisa’s gaze as she looked at the viewer, they moved the ruler farther from or closer to the screen during the study. Consistently, the researchers found, participants judged that?the woman in the “Mona Lisa” portrait was not looking straight at them, but slightly off to their right. So why do people repeat the belief that her eyes seem to follow the viewer? Horstmann isn’t sure. It’s possible, he said, that people have the desire to be looked at, so they think the woman is looking straight at them. Or maybe the people who first coined the term “Mona Lisa effect” just thought it was a cool name.. 8. What is generally believed about the woman in the painting “Mona Lisa”? A. She attracts the viewers to look back. B. She seems mysterious because of her eyes. C. She fixes her eyes on the back of the viewers. D. She looks at the viewers wherever they stand. 9. What gaze range in a painting will cause the Mona Lisa effect? A. B. C. D. 10. Why was the experiment involving 24 people conducted? A. To confirm Horstmann's belief B. To create artificial-intelligence avatars C. To calculate the angle of Mona Lisa’s gaze D. To explain how the Mona Lisa effect can be applied 11. What can we learn from the text? A. Horstmann thinks it’s cool to coin the term "Mona Lisa effect” B. The Mona Lisa effect contributes to the creation of artificial intelligence. C. Feeling being gazed at by Mona Lisa may be caused by the desire for attention D. The position of the ruler in the experiment will influence the viewers' judgment 【答案】8. D 9. B 10. A 11. C 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇议论文。文章通过解析达芬奇的名画蒙娜丽莎给人的误解，来进一步解释了人们注 视对方时的角度影响着被注视人的感觉。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“It's common knowledge that the woman in Leonardo da Vinci's most famous painting seems to look back at observers, following them with her eyes no matter where they stand in the room.”（人们通常认为，达芬奇名画蒙娜丽莎似乎在回视着观察者， 无论他们站在屋里的什么地方），可知，蒙娜丽莎给人的感觉是，人们在注视她的同时，她 也在看着人们。故选 D。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章“As long as the angle of the person's gaze is no more than about 5 degrees off to either side, the Mona Lisa effect occurs.”（只要这个人凝视的视角在任何两边不超过 5 度，那么蒙娜丽莎的效应就会发生），可知，左右 5度的范围是蒙娜丽莎效应发生的视角条 件，B图符合句意。故选 B。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段，“To make sure it wasn't just him, the researchers asked 24 people to view images of the “ Mona Lisa" on a computer screen ”（为了确认不只是他有这样的感觉， 他邀请了 24个人去看电脑屏幕上的蒙娜丽莎图像），可知，他用 24个人去做实验，只是为 了验证自己的想法。故选 A。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段，“It’s possible, he said, that people have the desire to be looked at, so they think the woman is looking straight at them.”（他说，很可能是人们有被注视的渴望， 所以他们认为这个女人在看着他们），可知，大多数人觉得蒙娜丽莎看着自己，其实都是自 己的错觉。故选 C。 【点睛】 D Researchers from the Water, Peace and Security partnership(WPS) have announced the creation of a global forecasting tool that can predict where conflicts arising from water insecurity are most likely to break out. The system uses artificial intelligence to create patterns from a wide rage of geographical and socio-economic data and can identify potential conflict hotspots up to a year in advance. Susan Schme, a senior lecturer at Delft Institute for Water Education, which leads the WPS, explains predicting these types of conflicts isn't as simple as it might first appear. It isn't simply a case of conflicts increasing every time a water security incident occurs. Several regional and cultural factors also play a part, making prediction difficult. The researchers test ran the AI tool in Mali. They found that it predicted more than three-quarters of the water-related conflicts there. To achieve this, the system is fed with a variety of data. "First there's the natural side of things--so rainfall data, soil moisture and many other natural factors," explains Schme. This enables it to identify areas where availability of water is likely to become a concern. “Then we also look at vulnerability in terms of socio-economic and political developments--anything from a regime type to the state of development in a region, "she adds. This additional information is weighed up to determine whether it increases or decreases the chance of conflict. Other factors might include whether the water insecurity is likely to affect crops. The tool is just one part of a wider WPS project that aims to increase the availability of information which could help avoid water-related conflicts. Once artificial intelligence has made its predictions the WPS researchers use other analytical tools to zoom-in on a certain region and find out exactly what's driving water insecurity. This might be decreased rainfall, increased population, or water might be being diverted away from a community. The designers are now undergoing final tests of the new AI tool to make sure it's ready for a November launch date. Once widely available, Schme hopes that it will be used by local governments and also by international organizations with an interest in maintaining global stability. 12. What is the function of the tool? A. Collecting all kinds of data. B. Predicting conflict hotspots. C. Ensuring security of water. D. Stopping breakout of water pipe. 13. How did the AI tool work in Mali? A. The government discourages. B. More improvement is needed. C. It works quite effectively. D. It attracts public attention. 14. What is related to the water-related conflicts in Mali? A. Its climate. B. Its lifestyle. C. Its agriculture. D. Its population. 15. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. Peoples attitude to the AI tool. B. Study process of the AI tool. C. Designers of the AI tool. D. The future of the AI tool. 【答案】12. B 13. C 14. A 15. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了全球预测工具——AI工具预测水安全问题。 【详解】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Researchers from the Water, Peace and Security partnership( WPS) have announced the creation of a global forecasting tool that can predict where conflicts arising from water insecurity are most likely to break out. ”（水、和平与安全伙伴关系 (WPS)的研究人员宣布创建了一种全球预测工具，它可以预测由水不安全引发的冲突最有可 能在哪里爆发。）可知，这种工具的功能是预测冲突的热点地区。故选 B项。 2.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“ They found that it predicted more than three-quarters of the water-related conflicts there. ”（他们发现，它预测了那里超过四分之三的与水有关的冲突。） 可知，马里地区人工智能工具非常高效。故选 C项。 3.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“ "First there's the natural side of things--so rainfall data, soil moisture and many other natural factors," explains Schme. ”（Schme 解释说：“首先是自然因素， 比如降雨数据、土壤湿度和许多其他自然因素。”）可知，其气候与马里与水相关的冲突有 关。故选 A项。 4.主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Once widely available, Schme hopes that it will be used by local governments and also by international organizations with an interest in maintaining global stability.”（一旦广泛使用，Schme希望它能被地方政府和维护全球稳定的国际组织所使用。） 可知，最后一段主要讲述人工智能工具的未来。故选 D项。 第二节 (共 5小题;每小题 2.5分,满分 12.5分) 根据下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项 为多余选项。 Following the outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP), also named COVID -19 by WHO, there is a general fear of the unknown virus as its full effects remain to be seen. Fever, coughing, sore throat, difficulty breathing – the NCP’s symptoms are similar to the common cold or the flu, but it’s potentially more dangerous. Viruses could be deadly, like HIV and Ebola. ____16____ How can they cause so much trouble? Viruses are non-living organisms approximately one-millionth of an inch long. Unlike human cells or bacteria, they can’t reproduce on their own. Instead, they invade the cells of living organisms to reproduce, spread and take over. Viruses can infect every living thing – from plants and animals down to the smallest bacteria. ____17____ Sometimes a virus can cause a disease so serious that it is fatal. Other viral infections bring about no noticeable reaction. Viruses lie around our environment all of the time, waiting for a host cell to come along. They can enter our bodies by the nose, mouth, eyes or breaks in the skin. ____18____ For example, HIV, which causes AIDS, attacks the T-cells of the immune system. But the basic question is, where did viruses first come from? ____19____ “Tracing the origins of viruses is difficult,” Ed Rybicki, a virologist at the University of Cape Town in South Africa, told Scientific American, “because viruses don’t leave fossils (化石) and because of the tricks they use to make copies of themselves within the cells they’ve invaded.” However, there are three main theories to explain the origin of viruses. First, viruses started as independent organisms, then became parasites (寄生者). Second, viruses evolved from pieces of DNA or RNA that “escaped” from larger organisms. Third, viruses co-evolved with their host cells, which means they existed alongside these cells. ___20___ The technology and evidence we have today cannot be used to test these theories and identify the most plausible explanation. Continuing studies may provide us with clearer answers. A. But what are viruses? B. For the time being, these are only theories. C. Once inside, they try to find a host cell to infect. D. The answer may be even less satisfactory than it now appears. E. Until now, no clear explanation for their origin exists. F. Experts are concerned about the bad effect that it had on people’s health. G. For this reason, they always have the potential to be dangerous to human life. 【答案】16. A 17. G 18. C 19. E 20. B 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。随着新冠肺炎的爆发，新冠肺炎的症状与流感相似。文章主要说明了什么 是病毒以及他们为何会造成这么多麻烦。 【16题详解】 根据后文 How can they cause so much trouble?可知他们怎么能制造这么多麻烦？由此可知， 此处与后文同为设问句，提问“什么是病毒”，好引出后文对于病毒的解释。故 A选项“但 是什么是病毒呢？”符合上下文语境，故选 A。 【17题详解】 根据上文 Viruses can infect every living thing – from plants and animals down to the smallest bacteria.可知病毒可以感染一切生物——从植物和动物到最小的细菌。由此可知，上文是在 说明为什么病毒对人类生命造成威胁的原因。故 G选项“因此，它们总是有可能对人类的 生命构成威胁”符合上下文语境，故选 G。 【18题详解】 根据上文Viruses lie around our environment all of the time, waiting for a host cell to come along. They can enter our bodies by the nose, mouth, eyes or breaks in the skin.可知病毒一直潜伏在我 们周围，等待宿主细胞的到来。它们可以通过鼻子、嘴巴、眼睛或皮肤上的伤口进入我们的 身体。由此可知，本句应当描述病毒进入身体后的行为。其中上文中 a host cell可对应到 C 选项 a host cell。故 C选项“一旦进入，它们就会试图找到一个要感染的宿主细胞”符合上 下文语境，故选 C。 【19题详解】 根据后文“Tracing the origins of viruses is difficult,” Ed Rybicki, a virologist at the University of Cape Town in South Africa, told Scientific American, “because viruses don’t leave fossils and because of the tricks they use to make copies of themselves within the cells they’ve invaded.”可知 南非开普敦大学的病毒学家 Ed Rybicki告诉《科学美国人》说:“追踪病毒的起源是困难的， 因为病毒不会留下化石，也因为它们在入侵的细胞内复制自身的技巧。”由此可知，病毒的 起源目前还没有明确的解释。故 E选项“到目前为止，对它们的起源还没有明确的解释” 符合上下文语境，故选 E。 【20题详解】 根据后文 The technology and evidence we have today cannot be used to test these theories and identify the most plausible explanation.可知我们今天掌握的技术和证据不能用来检验这些理 论，也不能用来找出最合理的解释。由此可知，目前这只是些理论，其中后文 these theories 可对应到 B选项中 these are only theories。故 B选项“目前，这些只是理论”符合上下文语 境，故选 B。 第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节,满分 30分 第一节 (共 15小题;每小题 1分,满分 15分) 阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白 处的最佳选项。 Yesterday, a salesman called me by phone, on behalf of a telecommunication company, to sell his phone plans. I was at work and while I usually don’t ___21___ to spend time with those conversations, I ___22___ myself that I couldn’t talk yet and proposed him to call me back one hour later, at 6 pm. That’s what he did. So we ___23___ for 15 minutes. He explained his different phone plans to me, which were stated to be better than my ___24___ one. While listening to him, sometimes I was lost in my thoughts. I gave several “hmm hmm”, as a ___25___ of approbation (赞同) and to ___26___ to him that I was still there. Sometimes, I felt a bit ___27___, especially as he had a bit of difficulty in correctly talking in French. But I stayed calm and ___28___ until the end of the discussion. At the end of the conversation, he ___29___ the following to me: “Thank you, Olivier. You are the first person in a long time, with whom I had a(n) ___30___ conversation. Usually, people ____31____ at us, insult us, and treat us as thieves. Today, since 10 am, I hadn’t had a(n) ___32___ without an offense. I know you had a long day at work and you could have ___33___ in front of your TV or done something else. Instead, you listened carefully to me. I am ___34___ and I sincerely thank you. I wanted to tell it to you.” I thanked him for this revelation. I realized how much he could have been the subject of verbal ___35___, all through his working days. Yet, he was only doing his job. I hope he will have a good weekend. 21. A. forget B. pretend C. like D. dare 22. A. comforted B. excused C. reminded D. convinced 23. A. talked B. argued C. waited D. rested 24. A. previous B. useless C. favorite D. current 25. A. sign B. result C. reward D. rule 26. A. whisper B. lie C. explain D. confirm 27. A. guilty B. impatient C. nervous D. confused 28. A. silent B. polite C. indifferent D. focused 29. A. revealed B. recommended C. promised D. introduced 30. A. awkward B. enjoyable C. usual D. brief 31. A. wave B. signal C. point D. shout 32. A. interview B. order C. conversation D. quarrel 33. A. worked B. relaxed C. complained D. slept 34. A. disturbed B. embarrassed C. exhausted D. touched 35. A. violence B. communication C. agreement D. conflict 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. B 29. A 30. B 31. D 32. C 33. B 34. D 35. A 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者跟一位销售员的电话通话，作者出于礼貌的回应以及 倾听，令这位销售员非常感动。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我当时在上班，虽然我通常不喜欢花时间在这些谈话上，但我为 自己暂时不能说话找了个借口，并建议他一小时后也是就是下午六点给我回电话。A. forget 忘记；B. pretend 假装；C. like 喜欢；D. dare 敢。根据这里 while“虽然”，表示转折关系， 结合下文“I 2 myself that I couldn’t talk yet”借口不能说话，可知表示我不喜欢将时间 花在这些谈话上，故选 C项。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：参见上题。A. comforted 安慰；B. excused 找借口； C. reminded 提醒；D. convinced 使相信。结合上文，我不喜欢这类谈话，需要给自己找个借口拒绝打电 话的人。故选 B项。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以我们谈了 15分钟。A. talked 交谈；B. argued 争论；C. waited 等待；D. rested 休息。根据上文“That’s what he did.”他那样做了。由此可知，销售员“依 约”下午 6点打来电话，那么我跟他应该是交谈 15分钟。故选 A项。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他向我解释了不同的电话计划，他说比我现在的更好。A. previous 以前的；B. useless 没用的；C. favorite 最喜爱的；D. current 目前的，现在的。根 据上文“to sell his phone plans”销售自己的电话计划，由此可知，对方是想向我推销，希望 作者购买，所以他说比我现在用的好。故选 D项。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我给了几个“嗯嗯”，作为认可的标志，向他确认我还在听。A. sign 标志；B. result 结果；C. reward 报酬；D. rule 规则。根据上文“While listening to him, sometimes I was lost in my thoughts.”我一边听，一边又陷入自己的思绪中。由此可知，我没 有在认真听，但（可能出于礼貌）我依然以 “嗯嗯”回应，作为对对方的回应和认可，当 然也是向他证明我在（听）。a sign of …意为“……的标志”符合题意。故选 A项。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：参见上题。A. whisper 低声说；B. lie 撒谎；C. explain 解释；D. confirm 确认，证实。根据上题可知，我“嗯嗯”的回应就是想让他知道我在听，向他证明 我有在听他说。故选 D项。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有时，我感到有点不耐烦，尤其是他在正确用法语表述方面有 点困难时。A. guilty 内疚的；B. impatient 不耐烦的；C. nervous 紧张的；D. confused 困惑 的。结合上文，作者并没有认真听，只是在敷衍。再根据下文“as he had a bit of difficulty in correctly talking in French.”他在正确用法语表述方面有点困难时。我本来就不喜欢这样的电 话，对方再表达不清楚不准确，这样我自然会不耐烦。故选 B项。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我一直保持冷静和礼貌，直到通话结束。A. silent 沉默的； B. polite 有礼貌的；C. indifferent 不感兴趣的；D. focused 专注的。根据上文的描述，我不 喜欢这样的电话还是和销售员交谈了 15分钟，而且接电话过程也一直在回应。再根据逻辑 连接词“but”，可知空格和上文“不耐烦”是转折，综合可以判断，我是一直保持冷静和 礼貌。故选 B项。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：谈话结束时，他向我透露了以下情况：“谢谢你，Olivier。你是 我这么长时间以来第一个和我愉快交谈的人。”A. revealed 透露，揭露；B. recommended 推 荐；C. promised 承诺；D. introduced 介绍。根据最后一段开头的“I thanked him for this revelation.”我感谢他向我透露的自己的遭遇。由此可知，这里是谈话结束时，销售员将自 己的遭遇透露给作者。故选 A项。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：参见上题。A. awkward 尴尬的；B. enjoyable 愉快的；C. usual 平常的；D. brief 简短的。根据下文“ Usually, people 11 at us, insult us, and treat us as thieves. Today, since 10 am, I hadn’t had a(n) 12 without an offense.”通常，人们侮辱我 们，把我们当小偷。今天，从上午 10点开始，我没有哪一句话受到侮辱。由此可知，销售 员和其他人打电话时，没得到过尊重，再根据上文可知，我在和销售员聊天时，一直很有礼 貌，所以销售向我表示感激，认为跟我聊天很愉快。故选 B项。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：通常，人们对我们大喊大叫，侮辱我们，把我们当作小偷。A. wave 招手；B. signal 打信号；C. point 指向；D. shout 喊。结合下文的“insult us, and treat us as thieves”侮辱我们，将我们当小偷，可见平常销售员们遭遇的都是非善意回应，结合选项意 思，shout at…“朝……嚷”，符合题意。故选 D项。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天，从上午 10点开始，我没有哪一句话受到侮辱。A. interview 采访；B. order 命令，订单；C. conversation 交谈；D. quarrel 争吵。根据上文“spend time with those conversations”、“At the end of the conversation”以及“with whom I had a(n) 10 conversation.”可根据 conversation原词复现以及销售员是通过电话跟人交谈进行销售，故选 C项。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道你工作了一整天，你本可以在电视机前放松一下，或者做 点别的事情。A. worked 工作；B. relaxed 放松；C. complained 抱怨；D. slept 睡觉。工作 了一天，在电视前看看电视是放松的一种方式。故选 B项。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很感动，我真诚地感谢你。A. disturbed 扰乱的；B. embarrassed 尴尬的；C. exhausted 筋疲力尽的；D. touched 感动的。根据上文“Instead, you listened carefully to me.”你认真听我说话。结合上文语境，销售员收到了非善意的回应，可知我的 认真倾听让销售员很感动。故选 D项。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我意识到，在他工作的日子里，他可能一直是言语暴力的对象。 A. violence 暴力；B. communication 交流；C. agreement 同意；D. conflict 冲突。结合上文 “Usually, people 11 at us, insult us, and treat us as thieves.”通常人们会对 我们大声嚷，侮辱我们，当我们是小偷。由此可知，销售员是语言暴力的对象，故选 A项。 第二节(共 10小题;每小题 1.5分,满分 15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 How do we prevent transmission of the virus? This new virus currently has a ___36___(limit) geographic spread. ___37___, there are a number of standard hygiene(卫生) practices ___38___ have been recommended to protect against infection and further spread. These include covering your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing with a medical mask, tissue or flexed elbow; avoiding close contact with those who are unwell; the appropriate use of ___39___ (mask) and personal protective equipment, ___40___ (especial) in a healthcare setting; washing hands regularly with soap and water, or alcohol-based hand rub. Actions that can be taken to prevent infection from ___41___animal source include: avoiding unnecessary unprotected contact with animals; washing hands after contact with animals or animal products; and ensuring that animal products are cooked thoroughly before they ___42___ (consume). ___43___is important to stay home if you’re feeling unwell. But if you have a fever, cough, and difficulty ___44___ (breath), seek medical care early and share your previous travel history ___45___ your healthcare provider. 【答案】36. limited 37. However 38. that/which 39. masks 40. especially 41. an 42. are consumed 43. It 44. breathing 45. with 【解析】 本文是说明文。介绍了如何防止病毒传播的一些具体措施。 【36题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这种新病毒目前的地理传播范围有限。修饰名词短语 geographic spread 用形容词，指有限的地理传播，故填 limited。 【37题详解】 考查连词。句意：然而，有一些标准的卫生措施已被推荐，以防止感染和进一步传播。前后 句是转折关系，结合空后的逗号，故填 However。 【38题详解】 考查定语从句。句意同上。句中包含定语从句，先行词是 practices指物，在定语从句中做主 语，用关系代词 that/which引导，故填 that/which。 【39题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：适当使用口罩和个人防护设备，特别是在医疗环境中。作介词 of的 宾语用名词，the use of+名词指“……的使用”，此处前面没有冠词，表示泛指用复数，故填 masks。 【40题详解】 考查副词。句意同上。修饰后面的介词短语用副词，意为“特别是在医疗环境中”，故填 especially。 【41题详解】 考查冠词。句意：可以采取的防止来自动物源的感染措施包括：避免与动物进行不必要的无 保护的接触。animal是单数可数名词，且开头是元音因素，表示“一种”用 an，故填 an。 【42题详解】 考查动词时态语态。句意：确保动物产品在食用前彻底煮熟。句中 they指的是 animal products， 与动词 consume 是被动关系，在从句中作谓语用被动语态。结合全文是一般现在时，故填 are consumed。 【43题详解】 考查代词。句意：如果你感觉不舒服，呆在家里是很重要的。句中用 it做形式主语，不定 式 to stay home是真正主语，故填 It。 【44题详解】 考查非谓语动词。此处表示“做某事有困难”用 have difficulty (in)doing sth.故填 breathing。 【45题详解】 考查介词。句意：但是如果你有发烧、咳嗽和呼吸困难，尽早就医，和你的医疗服务人员分 享你以前的旅行经历。“和某人分享某事”是 share sth. with sb.故填 with。 第四部分 书面表达(共两节,满分 40分) 第一节 (满分 15分) 46. 假定你是李华，报名参加了“全国中学生英语能力竞赛”（ NEPCS）。赛前，为更好地 提高写作能力，请给外教Michael写封邮件，请他帮忙修改一篇作文并提出建议。 注意：1.词数 80左右； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ____ 【答案】Dear Michael, I have signed up for the NEPCS. In preparation for it, I think what I am in desperate need of is to improve my writing ability. Would you please do me a favor about it? I’ve finished an essay, but still find it far from satisfactory. I’m not sure of the proper expressions of some English words, which makes the essay lack naturalness. Besides, there may also be some mistakes in grammar and sentence pattern. So I wonder if you can help me with these problems. I would appreciate it if you could give me some suggestions. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【分析】 本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封邮件，请外教Michael帮忙修改一篇作文并提出 建议。 【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：应用文 人称：第一、二人称 时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时为主 结构：总分总法（三段式） 要点：1.说明写这封邮件的目的； 2.请外教Michael帮忙修改一篇作文并提出建议； 3.说出自己对写作存在的问题； 4.表达感谢。 第二步：列提纲（重点词组） sign up for；in preparation for；in desperate need of；writing ability；do sb. a favor；far from satisfactory；be (not) sure of；expressions；naturalness；there be；sentence pattern；appreciate； look forward to； 第三步：连词成句 1. I have signed up for the NEPCS. 2. I think what I am in desperate need of is to improve my writing ability. 3. I’ve finished an essay, but still find it far from satisfactory. 4. Would you please do me a favor about it? 5. I’m not sure of the proper expressions of some English words, which makes the essay lack naturalness. 6. There may also be some mistakes in grammar and sentence pattern. 7. I wonder if you can help me with these problems. 8. I would appreciate it if you could give me some suggestions. 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。 第四步：连句成篇（衔接词） also；besides；so；and；but；still；if等 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰， 第五步：润色修改 【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符 合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多高分句式，如：I think what I am in desperate need of is to improve my writing ability.使用了省略 that的宾语从句和what引导的主语从句；I’ve finished an essay, but still find it far from satisfactory.使用了 but表示转折关系和 find+it+宾补结构；I’m not sure of the proper expressions of some English words, which makes the essay lack naturalness. 使用了 which引导的非限制性定语从句；there may also be some mistakes in grammar and sentence pattern.使用了 there be句型；I wonder if you can help me with these problems.使用了 if引导状语从句；I would appreciate it if you could give me some suggestions.使用了 I would appreciate it if…固定句型等；还使用了一些固定短语，如：sign up for，in preparation for，in desperate need of，do sb. a favor，far from satisfactory；be (not) sure of，look forward to等。 全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次 分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。 第二节 （满分 25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续 写的词数应为 150左右。 Sally had anxiety disorder trouble that made her fail to speak in social situations. I’m a nurse and use Bella to help children in my community, to bring them comfort and confidence the way only a dog can. I thought back to the day when I’d first brought Bella to the school. That morning in January, her teacher led us to a room. “Sally hasn’t spoken outside her home in two years,” she told me. “Her parents have taken her to doctors, but nothing has worked. ” A little girl stood shyly just inside the doorway. Her eyes brightened when she noticed my dog. “This is Bella.” I said. “She does tricks. Would you like to see?” Sally nodded. I motioned with my hand. Bella lay down and then rolled over. Sally’s eyes lit up. I showed Sally the hand signals for various commands. She was a natural with Bella, maybe because she couldn’t rely on the spoken word herself. Bella sensed that and responded. Soon Sally was able to put Bella through her paces all on her own. I could see her standing taller, more sure of herself each time we met. One morning in March when she was working with Bella, I heard a tiny voice, barely a whisper, “Good dog. " Sally didn't take her eyes off Bella, but I wanted to jump for joy. Sally spoke a little more each week, only to Bella at first, but then to me. Later, she started giving voice commands with her hand signals and her confidence rose. Now, five-year-old Sally stood nervously in front of her kindergarten class, with Bella, my trained dog, sitting calmly by her side. All the eyes of her classmates were focused on Sally. They were waiting for her to speak. It was June—only one week of school left—but they had never heard her voice. Not once. 【答案】Paragraph 1: But not a word came out. Sally had been so excited about putting on a dog show for her class. She had been quite familiar with the hand signals and had practiced for weeks. Now her eyes found mine. I nodded encouragingly. She took a deep breath and opened her mouth. Her mouth---then her whole body--- seemed to close in on itself in defeat. Sally stood off to the side, head down. I felt awful. Sally returned to her seat, not looking at anyone, not even Bella. Paragraph 2: The next week, she told me she wanted to try again, looking up at me with determination. I asked whether she was sure and suggested it would be Ok if she waited till next year. She refused and insisted giving her presentation that day. Then we headed to Sally’s classroom. The kids were sitting in a circle on the floor listening to the teacher. We walked to the front of the room. I shook Sally’s hands and stepped back. For a few seconds, she stood silently, staring at her classmates. Finally she whispered, “This is Bella.” Then, a little louder with more confidence. “Bella.” 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇读后续写作文。 【详解】通过阅读所给文章可知，文章主要讲了萨莉患有焦虑症，这使她在社交场合不能说 话。作者是一名护士，用贝拉来帮助社区里的孩子们，给他们带来安慰和信心，只有狗才能 做到这一点。在小狗贝拉的帮助下，萨莉逐渐可以在社交场合说话了。一天，在幼儿园里， 大家都在等待着萨莉说话。续写部分分为两段，第一段开头是：但是，萨莉一个字也没有说 出来，所以后文应该是讲述萨莉一言不发的尴尬场景。第二段开头是：第二个星期，她抬头 坚定地看着我，告诉我她想再试一次。本段应该写萨莉再次尝试，成功地把自己的好朋友小 狗贝拉介绍给了自己的同学们。最后还要注意所续写短文的词数应为 150左右。 【点睛】本文描写详略得当，使用了高级词汇和高级句子。如： Sally returned to her seat, not looking at anyone, not even Bella. 现在分词作伴随状语； I asked whether she was sure and suggested it would be Ok if she waited till next year.宾语从句等高级句式。