【英语】2019届二轮复习语法复习专题三代词（10页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习语法复习专题三代词（10页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习语法复习专题三代词 近三年高考对代词的考查仍集中在代词的基本用法上。解题时：‎ ‎1．根据代词充当的成分进行判断。如果处于主语位置，一般用人称代词主格形式；如果位于宾语位置，一般应该用宾格代词、反身代词或者名词性物主代词；如果作表语，就常用宾格代词或者名词性物主代词；如果作定语，常用形容词性物主代词；如果作状语，常用不定代词等。总之，正确分析句子成分是解决此类题目的关键。‎ ‎2．根据句意判断用单数还是复数，用his还是her等，考生一定要仔细阅读上下文，这样才能得到答案。‎ 人称代词 人称代词是用来代替人或事物的代词，表示“我”“你”“他”“我们”“你们”“他们”“它们”等。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化。人称代词共分三种人称，每个人称又分为单数和复数(第二人称单数和复数同形)。人称代词还有主格和宾格之分，作主语用主格；作宾语、表语用宾格，其形式如下：‎ 人称 主格 宾语 第一人称 I，we me，us 第二人称 you you 第三人称 he，she，they，it him，her，them，it ‎[即学即练]‎ 单句改错 ‎1．You can ask he to help you.‎ ‎2．This is our new car.I bought yesterday.‎ ‎3．It was she who I met last week.‎ 答案：1.he→him　2.bought后加it　3.she→her 物主代词 ‎1．英语中形容词性物主代词包括your，my，his，her，our，their，its。形容词性物主代词通常在句中作定语，常表示物体的所属。‎ ‎2．英语中名词性物主代词包括yours，mine，his，hers，ours，theirs，its ‎。名词性物主代词在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语，但不可以作定语。‎ ‎3．形容词性物主代词(用one’s替代)常构成的固定短语有：‎ try/do one’s best　尽最大努力 make up one’s mind 下定决心 lose one’s way 迷路 take one’s time 慢慢来 in one’s opinion 在某人看来 make one’s way 前往 keep one’s word 守信 hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸 ‎[即学即练]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎4．I remember a friend of ________ (I)．‎ ‎5．We lost ________ (we) way in the dark.‎ ‎6．This is ________ (I) book；________ (you) is on the desk.‎ 答案：4.mine　5.our　6.my；yours 反身代词 反身代词在句子中可以作enjoy，teach，hurt，buy，introduce等动词和by，for，to等介词的宾语，还可以作主语或宾语的同位语，译作“亲自，本人”，但不能作主语。反身代词的常用固定短语有：‎ for oneself亲自 by oneself 独自，单独 dress oneself 自己穿衣 come to oneself 苏醒 devote oneself to 把自己奉献给……‎ enjoy oneself 过得愉快 help oneself to 随便吃 say to oneself 心里想 call oneself 自称 teach oneself 自学 seat oneself 坐下 make yourself at home 请不要拘束 apply oneself to 专心于……‎ behave oneself 举止得体 ‎[即学即练]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎7．All in all，we students should behave ________ (we) and keep away from violence.‎ 答案：ourselves ‎8．At first，I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by ________ (I)．‎ 答案：myself ‎9．If you would like some fish，do help ________ (you)．‎ 答案：yourself Ⅰ.one，the one，that，those，the ones 为避免重复，one(s)，that，those等都可以用来代替上文出现的名词：one代替的是前面提到的同名异物中的任何一个，所代替的名词是可数名词，其前面可带冠词或修饰语，如果代替复数名词，则用ones；that代替前面提到的同名异物中特指的事物，所代替的名词可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词，其前面通常不能有修饰语，但可以有后置定语；those代替前面提到的同名异物中特指的事物，只能指代可数名词复数，相当于the ones。概括如下：‎ ‎[即学即练]‎ 单句改错 ‎10．I have lost my pen.I am going to buy it.‎ ‎11．Hand me my coat.It’s one hanging on the wall.‎ 答案：10.it→one　11.one→the one Ⅱ.all，both，either，neither，none，any ‎1．both，neither，either：肯定句中表示“两者都”用both，否定句中表示“两者都不”用neither，表示“两者中的任一”用either。‎ ‎2．all，none，any：表示“三者或三者以上都”用all，表示“都不”用none，表示其中的“任一”用any。‎ ‎3．none，no one，nothing：none可指人或物，常接表示范围的of短语，可回答how many 或how much引导的问句；而no one只能指人，相当于nobody，不能接of短语，可回答who引导的问句；nothing指物，一般回答what引导的问句。‎ ‎[即学即练]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎12．As the two dictionaries are useful，I’ll take ________ and ________ of them is very important to me.‎ ‎13．Tom asked Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him，but ________ of them wanted to.‎ 答案：12.both；either　13.neither other，the other，another，others，the others other表示泛指，常与复数名词或不可数名词连用；others表示泛指，相当于“other＋复数名词”；“the other＋单数可数名词”特指两者中的另一个，常有one...the other...“一个……另一个……”的搭配，其复数形式为the others或“the other＋复数名词”，特指在某些人或物中，除去一部分后，其余的人或物；another指三者或三者以上中的另一个，表示泛指，后接单数名词，也可用于“another＋数词＋名词复数”。‎ ‎[即学即练]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎14．He has two sons；one is a doctor and the ________ is a lawyer.‎ ‎15．Two boys will go to the zoo，and the ________ will stay at home.‎ 答案：14.other　15.others it的用法 ‎1．指天气、时间、距离或环境情况等。‎ ‎2．用作人称代词，用来指代事物或上文提到过的内容。‎ ‎3．it常用来替代动词不定式、动名词或从句作主语位于句首，而被替代的真正主语后置。‎ ‎4．动词不定式、动名词短语或从句作宾语时，如果后面带有宾语补足语，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语的后面。‎ ‎5．起指示代词的作用，指不知性别的孩子和婴儿或不明确的人。‎ ‎6．用于强调句型：It is/was＋被强调的成分＋that/who＋其他。‎ 强调句型可以用来强调句子中的主语、宾语、状语等，但不能强调定语和谓语。在这种句型中，把It is/was...that/who去掉，句子仍是完整的。‎ ‎[即学即练]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎16．________ is dangerous for you to swim in the river.‎ ‎17．He didn’t make ________ clear that the meeting was put off.‎ ‎18．The doctor thought ________ would be good for you to have a holiday.‎ 答案：16.It　17.it　18.it 代词是历年来高考考查的重点之一。高考对代词的考查主要集中在不定代词、替代词及it上，考查它们在特定结构中的指代用法及在特定语境中的意义和功能的差别。‎ 解答代词试题的必备知识：‎ ‎1．名词替代词one，ones，that，those与it的用法比较 ‎2．不定代词all，both，either，neither，each与one的用法比较 ‎3．none，nobody/no one与nothing的用法比较 none 既可指人又可指物 后面可跟of短语；表示可数的人或事物作主语时，谓语动词用单数或复数均可 强调量，可回答how many/ much引导的问句 nobody/no one 二者相同，只能指人，不指物 后面不可跟of短语；作主语时，用单数谓语 不强调量，可回答who引导的问句 nothing 指事物 作主语时，用单数谓语 不强调量，可回答what引导的问句 ‎4．another，others，other，the other 与the others 的用法比较 ‎5．little，a little，the little，few，a few与the few的用法比较 ‎　　区别点 代词　　‎ 意义 作用 用法 little 几乎没有 主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语 修饰不可数名词 a little 有一点 the little 仅有的一点 few 几乎没有 主语、宾语、表语、定语 修饰可数名词 a few 有几个 the few 特定的少数 ‎6.复合不定代词 ‎(1)something和anything在用法上的区别与some和any的区别是一样的。‎ ‎(2)somebody，anybody，everybody不能拆开写；someone，anyone和everyone当其后接有介词短语时要分开来写。‎ ‎(3)修饰something，somebody等不定代词的形容词应后置。‎ ‎7．代词it的用法 ‎8．分析句子结构，正确运用人称代词、反身代词 ‎9．分析特定语境，结合常见搭配，巧用不定代词 something of 可以说是；可以算得上；有点儿 nothing but(＝only) 只不过 do nothing but＋动词原形 除了……之外什么都不做；只是做……‎ have nothing to do but/except＋动词原形 除……之外别无选择 anything but 并不；决不 单句语法填空/单句改错 ‎1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)The railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months，more than 25,000 people were using ________ every day.‎ 解析：it　指代前句的railway。‎ ‎2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school。‎ 解析：all→both或者去掉all　all指代三者或三者以上；both代指两者。‎ ‎3．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.‎ 解析：your→my　此处介绍的是我的故事，因此这里应该是我高中时期的回忆。上下文的人称应该保持一致。‎ ‎4．(2017·天津卷)________ was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.‎ 解析：It　句意：就在我返回我的公寓的时候，我第一次偶遇了我的新邻居。根据语境和结构可知，本句考查强调句式，被强调部分为when引导的时间状语从句，根据基本结构“It is/was...that...”可知设空处填It。‎ ‎5．(2016·浙江卷)In many ways，the education system in the US is not very different from ________ in the UK.‎ 解析：that　句意：在很多方面，美国的教育体系和英国的教育体系很不一样。这里指代前面的名词education system，所以用that。‎ ‎6．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in a short period of time.Instead，he hopes that our business will grow steadily.____________‎ 解析：our→his　句意：……相反，他希望他的生意能够稳步增长。根据语境可知，此处与主语he对应，指他的生意，用his指代，保持人称一致。‎ ‎7．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)If we go on a trip abroad，we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books.____________‎ 解析：your→our　句意：如果我们出国旅游，我们就能拓宽视野并学到书本上学不到的知识。此处应该使用our与本句的主语we在人称上保持一致。‎ ‎8．(2016·四川卷)By that time，the panda no longer needed ________ (it)mother for food.‎ 解析：its　句意：到那时，这只熊猫不再需要从它的母亲那里获取食物。此处用形容词性物主代词its修饰mother。‎ ‎9．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)It does not cost many，yet we can still learn a lot.____________‎ 解析：many→much　句意：那样花费不多，而我们仍然可以学到很多。此处代词much指代不可数名词much money，作为动词cost的宾语，而many通常指代可数名词复数。‎ ‎10．(2016·四川卷)When he came back，I found a bunch of flowers in her hand.____________‎ 解析：her→his　句意：当他回来时，我发现他手里有一束花。根据句意可知应用his。‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空/单句改错 ‎1．(2018·深圳模拟)I noticed a young Chinese couple staring at ________ (we) when we came to a crossroads and were waiting for the light to change.‎ 解析：us　根据句子结构可知，此处用代词的宾格形式作介词at的宾语。‎ ‎2．(2018·河南八市重点高中质检)That time，I thought he was a strange man who got on ________ (I) nerves.‎ 解析：my　句意：当时我认为他是个怪人，让我感到心烦意乱。设空处后为名词，再根据提示词“I”可知设空处需用形容词性物主代词，故填my。get on one’s nerves为固定短语，意为：烦扰，使心神不定。‎ ‎3．(2018·河北唐山调研)I realized ________ was foolish to judge Al that way.‎ 解析：it　句意：我意识到那样判断Al是愚蠢的。设空处需用it作形式主语，本句中的to judge Al that way为真正的主语。‎ ‎4．(2018·山东师大附中模拟)At that moment an attractive young lady who noticed my book came up to me and introduced ________.‎ 解析：herself　句意：那时，一位迷人的年轻女士注意到了我的书，向我走来并自我介绍。设空处作宾语，该空处与主语an attractive young lady指同一人，故用反身代词herself。‎ ‎5．(2018·九江一中月考)________ is also fun to eat in restaurants there.‎ 解析：It　句意：在那里的饭店用餐也很有趣。It作形式主语，“to eat in restaurants there”作真正的主语。‎ ‎6．(2018·河南毕业班适应性考试)A man immediately rushed to the girl to give him first aid.‎ 解析：him→her句意：一个人立即冲向那个女孩儿，对他进行急救。give 的宾语是那个女孩儿，因此用her而非him。‎ ‎7．(2018·江西红色七校联考)It has been a long time since I did anything good for the environment.‎ 解析：anything→something　anything一般用于否定句和疑问句中，肯定句中应使用something。‎ ‎8．(2018·长春模拟)Success can never be easily achieved.Probably I can’t be another Edison himself，but I will work hard to be a worthy person.‎ 解析：himself→myself　句意：成功从来不是容易实现的。也许我不能成为另一个爱迪生，但是我会努力成为一个有价值的人。根据语境可知，此处用第一人称的反身代词myself。‎ ‎9．(2018·大庆模拟)Gathering her courage，I decided to step in and help her explain herself.‎ 解析：第一个her→my　此处表示鼓足勇气，我决定帮她解释。根据句意可知，此处用第一人称的物主代词my。‎ ‎10．(2018·黄山模拟)I am sorry to make a complaint about the people doing the square dance in their community，which has made most of us students terribly upset.‎ 解析：their→our　此处表示我要投诉人们在我们的社区跳广场舞。根据语境以及句中的us students可知，此处是第一人称复数，所以把their改为our。‎ Ⅱ.语篇填空 用适当的代词填空 Suddenly __1__ the lights on that crowded underground train went out.Then __2__ stopped in that dark tunnel.We waited.We expected the lights to come on again.But __3__ happened.‎ Then I began to smell __4__.People around me then began to cry out in fear.“The train is on fire！”they cried.The woman standing next to me suddenly fell on the floor.I realized she was overcome by the smoke.Then I saw flames appearing.“If something does not happen soon，”I said to __5__，“I will be burnt alive！”But as I stood there in the dark in __6__ crowded burning train，I could see no way to escape.So I cried，“God，if __7__ is not my time to die，please help me！”I heard a noise.It was on my right hand side.I at once began to push __8__ way forward to where that noise came from.For two hours I kept walking in that dark train tunnel.At last I saw a light in the distance.“Thank God！”I cried.“God must have a purpose for saving my life.He must want me to help __9__ people experience what he could do for __10__.”I decided.‎ 答案：1.all　2.it　3.nothing　4.something　5.myself ‎6．that　7.it　8.my　9.other　10.them Ⅲ.短文改错 Dear Jerry，‎ I’m glad to receive your letter ask me what I’d like to be in the future.To be the honest，I ‎ have dreamed of becoming a doctor since I was nine.I hurt one of my leg one day，which made me feel that I would not be able to walk any more. Unluckily，I was able to leave my bed a month later thanks to a doctor，who was very friendly and careful.He gave me courage I needed to recover.Besides，while in hospital，I see many sick people.Since then I’ve decided to be the doctor so that I can work for the people who are sick and in need my help.I believe my dream will be come true one day if I study hard now.‎ ‎ Yours，‎ ‎ Luo Wei 答案：‎ Dear Jerry，‎ I’m glad to receive your letter me what I’d like to be in the future.To be the honest，I have dreamed of becoming a doctor since I was nine.I hurt one of my one day，which made me feel that I would not be able to walk any more.，I was able to leave my bed a month later thanks to a doctor，who was very friendly and careful.He gave me courage I needed to recover.Besides，while in hospital，I many sick people.Since then I’ve decided to be doctor so that I can work for the people who are sick and in need my help.I believe my dream will be come true one day if I study hard now.‎ ‎ Yours，‎ Luo Wei