河北省衡水中学2021届高三英语上学期二调试题（Word版附解析）

河北省衡水中学2021届高三英语上学期二调试题（Word版附解析）

河北省衡水中学 2021 届上学期高三年级二调考试 英语 第一部分 听力(共两节,满分 30 分 第一节 (共 5 小题;每小题 1.5 分,满分 7.5 分) 听下面 5 段对话。每段对活后有一个小题,从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选 出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小 题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1.What are the children probably doing? A.Making orange juice.B.Listening to loud music.C Cooking a meal. 2.Who might Allie be? A.The speakers' pet B.The neighbours’ turkey. C.The speakers' child. 3.What are the speakers mainly discussing? A.Trip plans. B.Ticket prices. C.Holiday celebrations. 4.What season is it now? A.Spring B.Summer. C.Winter 5.Where does the conversation take place? A.At a fast-food restaurant. B.At a butcher C.At a cafe 第二节(共 15 小题;每小题 1.5 分,满分 22.5 分) 听下面 5 段对话或独自。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题 5 秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第 6 段材料,回答第 6、7 题。 6.How old was the women when she was allowed to drive by her parents? A.18 B.21 C.23 7.What month was the man born in? A.December B.November C.September 听第 7 段材料,回答第 8、9 题 8.What do we know about the camping area? A.It's totally free. B.It's a little cold. C.It's very crowded 9How long was the man gone for? A.One night B.Two night C.Three nights. 听第 8 段材料,回答第 10 至 12 题 10.What problem does Roger have with exam? A.He isn't clever B.He isn't confident. C.He doesn’t work hard. 11.How does the man decide to help Roger? A.By helping him to stay calm B.By finding an expert for hi C.By giving him some advice about his future. 12.What do we know about the woman? A.She is easy to be tired. B.She often feels nervous. C.She finds exercise is a good way to relax. 听第 9 段材料,回答第 13 至 16 题 13.How does the woman feel about her job hunt? A.Very excited. B.A little unsatisfied. C.Quite angry. 14.What do we know about The Creator? A.It gives less holiday time than other companies. B.It gets a lot of great reviews from the customers. C.It provides medical insurance. 15.What was the probable relationship between the speakers? A.Colleagues. B.Classmates C.Parent and child. 16.What will the woman probably do next? A.Search online for her salary. B.Negotiate her salary offer. C.Ask about her benefits package. 听第 10 段材料,回答第 17 至 20 题 17.What is the main idea of the talk? A.Some orders are given to deal with the virus in the UK B.The health service in the UK is unsufficient. C.The coronavirus is spreading in the UK. 18.How do people in the UK feel about the announcement? A.Astonished B.Angry. C.Calm 19.How many times a day can people exercise outdoors according to the announcement A.Three B.Two. C.One. 20.When can people leave their homes according to the announcement? A.For a haircut B.For public gatherings. C.For necessary work. 第二部分阅读(共两节,满分 40 分) 第一节 (共 15 小题;每小题 2 分,满分 30 分) 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A It was several years ago when my wife asked me to meet her at the local department store on Black Friday morning. They had advertised a child's bike that she wanted to purchase for our son. We stood with a very large crowd, waiting for the manager to blow the whistle. After a while the whistle blew. It was like throwing a basket of chum into a tank of sharks. I told my wife that if we obtained a bike, fine, but if we did not, I was OK with that too. As the boxes of bikes began to gradually decrease, I saw my opportunity to wrap my hands around the corner of one of them. I lifted it off and suddenly felt some mild resistance. I looked up to see one of the largest men I had ever seen in my life. Frightening was not enough to describe his presence. He was decorated with numerous leather belts with metal buttons around both arms and even his neck. Tattoos (纹身) were an obvious passion of his. I started to loosen the box but he gently pushed it back in my direction and back into my hands. He then directed it into my shopping cart. He looked at me, smiled, and said, “Merry Christmas.” My wife and I went to the checkout, paid for the bike and went home. All the way home I was thinking that this moment was by far the best Christmas gift I had ever received. The kindness of a human heart in a simple act of a stranger broke all preconceived notions (先入为主) I may have had. I will never forget it. 1. What does the underlined word “chum” mean in Paragraph1? A. Gifts B. Food. C. Goods. D. Souvenirs. 2. Why did the author loosen the box when seeing the man? A. The author didn't want to buy it. B. The man needed it more. C. The author was frightened by the man. D. The man got the box first. 3. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. The Best Christmas Gift. B. The Largest Man I Have Ever Seen. C. An Unforgettable Bike. D. A Shopping Experience. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 【解析】 本文是一篇记叙文。当地百货商店在 Black Friday 促销，作者夫妇希望给儿子买一辆打折的自 行车作为圣诞礼物。在争抢过程中一位壮汉把到手的自行车让给了作者，这令作者非常感动。 【1 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第一段的 It was like throwing a basket of chum into a tank of sharks.(这就像把 一篮 chum 扔进一箱鲨鱼)及上文内容可知，购物的人群在等待经理的哨声，哨声响起人群就 涌进了商店，就像在鲨鱼池投入食物一样引起骚动。由此可知，划线词 chum 相当于 food。故 选 B。 【2 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中 I looked up to see one of the largest men I had ever seen in my life. Frightening was not enough to describe his presence. He was decorated with numerous leather belts with metal buttons around both arms and even his neck. Tattoos were an obvious passion of his.(我 抬头看到了我一生中见过的最大的男人之一。恐怖还不足以形容他的存在。他的手臂甚至脖 子上都装饰着许多金属纽扣的皮带。纹身显然是他的爱好)可知，这位和作者一同抓住箱子的 男士身材壮硕，穿着怪异并且身上有纹身。由此推断，作者有点胆怯，不由自主就松开了手。 故选 C。 【3 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中 All the way home I was thinking that this moment was by far the best Christmas gift I had ever received.(在回家的路上，我一直认为这一刻是我收到的最好的圣诞礼 物)可知，文章背景是圣诞节期间，一位陌生人主动把自行车让给作者，作者非常感动，感觉 这是自己收到的最好的圣诞礼物，由此可知 A 项“最好的圣诞礼物”不仅切合文章主题，而 且能够吸引读者兴趣。B 项“我见过的最高大的人”和 C 项“一辆难忘的自行车”关注的方 向偏离主题；D 项“一次购物经历”略显平淡，没有突出文章主题，也很难勾起读者阅读的欲 望。故选 A。 B One of the costs of being a lover of old trees is the all-too-frequent loss of a beautiful soul you've grown fond of.Last summer was harder than most for old trees and their human supporters.The spring's nonstop rains flooded soils and caused root systems of many large,old trees to rot in part.Then,when the summer came,trees could not tap deep sources of water that would normally have maintained(维持）them.Many valuable old trees died. When I volunteered on the Mount Rainier Tree Commission,I heard from many people concerned about their trees.We had little to offer them.That's because public and private urban tree resources and programs were aimed almost entirely at planting trees and not at all maintaining trees.No state or province program that I could find provided any financial resources for maintaining tree health. Small and under resourced cities such as ours were on their own. This is backward.Scientists are learning that large,old trees are the most valuable,especially in cities.They put on wood fastest and take the most carbon out of the air. They harbor the most wildlife.They can lower summer temperatures by 20 degrees or more.In a recent study,researchers found that Boston would get more benefit from keeping the trees it has alive than from planting new trees.There's reason to think this finding would apply in other cities,too. Now,our public and private tree programs often ignore old trees until it is too late.As long as we abandon our old trees,planting more is merely to keep pace with growing losses. We want trees to help protect us,but we leave them unprotected.Consider this in the human world:Nobody would send a baby into the world and expect it to just make it. Children need caring for and it's why we have schools and child health-insurance programs.We could get so much more out of our trees if we just put a little more into them. 4. What does the underlined part in paragraph1 suggest? A. Strong determination to plant trees. B. Real regret at growing old trees. C. Great concern about tree problems. D. Deep love for valuable old trees. 5. Why was the author almost powerless to help people worried about their trees? A. The urban tree programs were faced with financial problems. B. The author's knowledge of maintaining tree health was limited. C. The focus of the tree resources and programs was on tree planting. D. The organization the author volunteered on was short of tree experts. 6. The author argues in paragraph 3 by. A. comparing different cases B. presenting research findings C. referring to scientists' sayings D. carrying out some experiments 7. Why does the author give the example of nursing babies in the end? A. To stress the importance of tree insurance programs. B. To show the close connection between trees and babies. C. To advocate protecting trees as humans care for babies. D. To persuade human beings to pay more attention to babies. 【答案】4. D 5. C 6. B 7. C 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。通过对一些古树死去，大树能够提供人们的资源的描述，来提 倡我们要保护树木，才能从树木身上获取更多的益处。 【4 题详解】 推 理 判 断 题 。 根 据 第 一 段 Last summer was harder than most for old trees and their human supporters. … Many valuable old trees died. 去年夏天对于古树和它们的人类支持者来说比以往 任何时候都艰难。春季不间断的雨水淹没了土壤，导致许多大型古树根系部分腐烂。然后， 当夏天到来时，树木就不能从深层的水源中获取水分，而这些水分通常可以维持它们的生长。 许多珍贵的古树死了。对于古树和人类支持者来说都很艰难，因为他们失去了他们喜爱的古 树。由此可以推断第一句主要描述的是古树爱好者对古树的爱，故选 D。 【5 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段 When I volunteered on the Mount Rainier Tree Commission, I heard from many people concerned about their trees. We had little to offer them. That's because public and private urban tree resources and programs were aimed almost entirely at planting trees and not at all maintaining trees.当我在雷尼尔山树木委员会做志愿者时，我听到许多人关心他们的树木。我 们几乎没有什么可以提供给他们。这是因为公共和私人城市树木资源和项目几乎完全是为了 种树，而不是维护树木。由此可知作者无力帮助担心树木的人们，是因为树木资源和计划的 重点是植树。故选 C。 【6 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段 In a recent study, researchers found that Boston would get more benefit from keeping the trees it has alive than from planting new trees. There's reason to think this finding would apply in other cities, too. 在最近的一项研究中，研究人员发现，波士顿从保持现 有树木存活中获得的好处要比种植新的树木多。我们有理由认为，这一发现也适用于其他城 市。由此判断出本段是通过提出调查结果来进行论证的。故选 B。 【7 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段 Consider this in the human world: Nobody would send a baby into the world and expect it to just make it. Children need caring for and it's why we have schools and child health-insurance programs. We could get so much more out of our trees if we just put a little more into them. 想想人类世界的情况吧：没有人会把一个婴儿送到这个世界上，然后指望他能活下 来。孩子们需要照顾，这就是为什么我们有学校和儿童健康保险计划。我们可以从我们的树 木中得到更多，如果我们只是多关心他们一点。由此比喻可以推断作者是在呼吁人们要关心 和保护树木。故选 C。 【点睛】推理判断题的推断对象主要包括隐含意思、目标读者、观点态度、文章出处、写作 意图等。以推断隐含意义的题目居多。推断隐含意义，即要求根据文章的某个句子、段落或 全文所提供的事实进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到、没有明说或者可能发生的事实。题 干中常含 infer（推断），suggest（暗示），imply（暗示），indicate（暗示），conclude（推断， 得出结论）等词语。解此类题，首先找到相关信息，然后细读、理解相关信息的字面意义， 最后结合语境和常识，在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。 如 小 题 1 ， 根 据 第 一 段 Last summer was harder than most for old trees and their human supporters. … Many valuable old trees died. 去年夏天对于古树和它们的人类支持者来说比以往 任何时候都艰难。春季不间断的雨水淹没了土壤，导致许多大型古树根系部分腐烂。然后， 当夏天到来时，树木就不能从深层的水源中获取水分，而这些水分通常可以维持它们的生长。 许多珍贵的古树死了。对于古树和人类支持者来说都很艰难，因为他们失去了他们喜爱的古 树。由此可以推断第一句主要描述的是古树爱好者对古树的爱，故选 D。 C Time and how we experience it have always puzzled us. Physicists have created fascinating theories, but their time is measured by a pendulum (钟摆) and is not psychological time, which leaps with little regard to the clock or calendar. As someone who understood the distinction observed, ''When you sit with a nice girl for two hours it seems like a minute, but when you sit on a hot stove, a minute seems like two hours. '' Psychologists have long noticed that larger units of time, such as months and years, fly on swifter wings as we age. They also note that the more time is structured with schedules and appointments, the more rapidly it seems to pass. For example, a day at the office flies compared with a day at the beach. Expectation and familiarity also make time seem to flow more rapidly. Almost all of us have had the experience of driving somewhere we've never been before. Surrounded by unfamiliar scenery, with no real idea of when we’ll arrive, we experience the trip as lasing a long time. But the return trip, although exactly as long, seems to take far less time. The novelty of the outward journey has become routine. When days become as identical as beads (小珠子)on a string, they mix together, and even months become a single day. To counter this, try to find ways to interrupt the structure of your day-- to stop time, so to speak. Learning something new is one of the ways to slow the passage of time. One of the reasons the days of our youth seems to be full and long is that these are the days of learning and discovery. For many of us, learning ends when we leave school, but this doesn't have to be. 8. What is the underlined sentence in paragraph 1 used to show? A. Psychological time is quite puzzling. B. Time should not be measured by a pendulum. C. Physical time is different from psychological time D. Physical theory has nothing to do with the true sense of time 9. Why do units of time fly faster as we grow older? A. Our sense of time changes. B. We spend less time at the beach C. More time is structured and scheduled D. Time is structured with too many appointments. 10. What does ''Novelty'' in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. excitement B. unfamiliarity C. imagination D. amusement 11. What is the purpose of the passage? A. To give various explanations about time B. To describe how we experience time physically C. To show the differences of two kinds of time D. To explain why time flies and how to slow it down 【答案】8. C 9. C 10. B 11. D 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是同样的事情，同样的时间，但是心理层面的时间和物理 概念的时间是有差别的。文章解释了时间为什么过的很快，以及怎样让它变慢。 【8 题详解】 推理判断题。根据划线句子的上一句 Physicists have created fascinating theories, but their time is measured by a pendulum and is not psychological time, which leaps with little regard to the clock or calendar(物理学家创造了有趣的理论，但他们的时间是通过钟摆衡量的，而不是心理时间，心 理时间和钟表或日历没有关系。)可推测，划线句子是为了说明物理概念的时间和心理的时间 是有区别的。C. Physical time is different from psychological time(物理时间和心理时间是有区别 的)符合以上说法，故选 C 项。 【9 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的 They also note that the more time is structured with schedules and appointments, the more rapidly it seems to pass．(他们还指出，日程表和约会安排的越多，时间 似乎过得就越快。)可知，因为单位时间是被规划好的，所以越是细致规划的时间，看上去就 过的越快。C. More time is structured and scheduled(更过的时间被规划和安排)符合以上说法， 故选 C 项。 【10 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第三段的 Surrounded by unfamiliar scenery, with no real idea of when we’ll arrive, we experience the trip as lasting a long time. The novelty of the outward journey has become routine.(周围是不熟悉的环境，不知道我们何时到达，我们经历的旅行似乎持续了很长时间。 外面世界的 novelty 已经成了家常便饭。)根据句意可知，因为对周边环境的不熟悉才觉得时间 过得慢，而这种情况成为我们生活的一种常规了。由此猜测，划线部分的意思是“不熟悉”。 B. unfamiliarity(不熟悉)符合以上说法，故选 B 项。 【11 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其最后一段的 Learning something new is one of the ways to slow the passage of time. One of the reasons the days of our youth seems so full and long is that these are the days of learning and discovery. For many of us, learning ends when we leave school, but this doesn’t have to be. (学习新的东西是减缓时间流逝的方法之一。我们的青春岁月之所以 充实而漫长，其中一个原因就是这些是学习和发现的日子。对于我们很多人来说，离开学校 就是学习的结束，但这不一定非得这样。)可知，作者写篇文章的是为了陈述为什么时间过的 很快，以及怎样让时间变慢。D. To explain why time flies and how to slow it down(为了解释为什 么时间流逝的快，以及如何让它变慢)符合以上推测，故选 D 项。 D Hardware in general, and smartphones in particular, have become a huge environmental and health problem in the Global South' s landfill sites(垃圾填埋场). Electronic waste(e-waste) currently takes up 5 percent of all global waste, and it is set to increase rapidly as more of us own more than one smartphone, laptop and power bank. They end up in places like Agbogbloshie on the outskirts of Ghana's capital, Accra.It is the biggest e-waste dump in the world, where 10,000 informal workers walk through tons of abandoned goods as part of an informal recycling process.They risk their health searching for the precious metals that are found in abandoned smartphones. But Agbogbloshie should not exist. The Basel Convention, a 1989 treaty aims to prevent developed nations from unauthorized dumping of e-waste in less developed countries. The E-waste industry, however, circumvents the regulations by exporting e-waste labelled as “secondhand goods” to poor countries like Ghana, knowing full well that it is heading for a landfill site. A recent report found Agbogbloshie contained some of the most dangerous chemicals.This is not surprising: smartphones contain chemicals like mercury(水银), lead and even arsenic (砷 ) Reportedly, one egg from a free-range chicken in Agbogbloshie contained a certain chemical which can cause cancer and damage the immune system at a level that's about 220 times greater than a limit set by the European Food Safety Authority(EFSA), Most worryingly, these poisonous chemicals are free to pollute the broader soil and water system. This should concern us all, since some of Ghana's top exports are cocoa and nuts. Some governments have started to take responsibility for their consumers' waste.For example, Germany has started a project that includes a sustainable recycling system at Agbogbloshie, along with a health clinic for workers.However, governments cannot solve the problem alone, as there is am almost limitless consumer demand for hardware, especially when governments’ green policies are focused on issues like climate change. Only the manufacturers can fix this.A more economically sustainable and politically possible solution is through encouraging hardware manufacturers to make the repair, reuse and recycling of hardware profitable, or at least cost-neutral. 12. What can we infer from paragraph2? A. Electronic products need improving urgently. B. Electronic waste is too complex to get fully recycled. C. Electronic waste requires more landfill sites across Ghana. D. Electronic pollution is a burning question in Agbogbloshie. 13. What does the underlined word"circumvents" in paragraph 3 mean? A. Tightens B. Abolishes C. Avoids D. Follows 14. What should be the biggest concern according to the text? A. The violation of EFSA’s standard B. The lack of diversity in Ghana s exports. C. The damage to chickens immune system D. The threat of polluted food around the world 15. What does the author think is the best solution to the e-waste problem? A. Manufacturers' developing a sustainable hardware economy. B. Governments' adjusting their green policies about e-waste. C. Reducing customers' demands for electronic products. D. Letting governments take on the main responsibility. 【答案】12. D 13. C 14. D 15. A 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了电子垃圾虽被掩埋在欠发达国家，但已成为危害全人类的公 敌，因此政府和制造商都应该努力减少电子垃圾污染。 【12 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“They end up in places like Agbogbloshie on the outskirts of Ghana's capital, Accra. It is the biggest e-waste dump in the world（他们最后到了加纳首都 Accra 郊区的 Agbogbloshie 这样的地方。它是世界上最大的电子垃圾场）”可推知，作为世界最大的电子垃 圾场，Agbogbloshie 地区的电子污染是一个热点问题。故选 D 项。 【13 题详解】 词句猜测题。根据“The Basel Convention, a 1989 treaty aims to prevent developed nations from unauthorized dumping of e-waste in less developed countries.（巴塞尔公约是 1989 年的一项条约， 旨在防止发达国家未经授权向欠发达国家倾倒电子废物）”以及“The E-waste industry, however, circumvents the regulations by exporting e-waste labelled as “secondhand goods” to poor countries like Ghana（然而，电子垃圾行业却 circumvents 了监管规定，将贴着“二手货”标签 的电子垃圾出口到加纳等贫穷国家）”可知，在公约不允许发达国家未经授权向欠发达国家 倾倒电子废物的禁令下，将贴着“二手货”标签的电子垃圾出口到加纳等贫穷国家的这种行 为，实际上是为了绕过公约约束，规避监管。A. Tightens 使变紧；B. Abolishes 废除；C. Avoids 避免；D. Follows 跟随。故选 C 项。 【14 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Most worryingly, these poisonous chemicals are free to pollute the broader soil and water system. This should concern us all, since some of Ghana's top exports are cocoa and nuts.（最令人担忧的是，这些有毒化学物质不受控制地污染更广泛的土壤和水系统。 这应该引起我们所有人的关注，因为加纳最大的出口商品是可可和坚果。）”可知，因为受污 染的土壤和水系统，对外大量出口的加纳可可和坚果，会使全球范围内都受到被污染食物的 威胁。故选 D 项。 【15 题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Only the manufacturers can fix this. A more economically sustainable and politically possible solution is through encouraging hardware manufacturers to make the repair, reuse and recycling of hardware profitable, or at least cost-neutral.（只有制造商才能解决这个问 题。一个更具经济可持续性和政治上可行的解决方案是鼓励硬件制造商使硬件的修理、再利 用和再循环变得有利可图，或者至少不增加费用）”可知，作者认为解决电子垃圾问题的关 键在于硬件生产商，他们应该遵守可持续发展的原则，生产便于维修以及可回收利用的电子 产品。故选 A 项。 第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2 分,满分 10 分) 根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为 多余选项。 Improving as a runner is about more than just running all of the time.___16___In that case, you can make large improvements as a runner in a relatively short time, no matter what your sport, race, or running habits. ___17___It is common for runners to push themselves about the same amount each time, running similarly challenging runs and gradually increasing difficulty. Outstanding runners, however, alternate(交替)an easy, resting run with a very challenging one. It is during these difficult runs，when you really push yourself, that your body snakes the most significant gains.___18___Rather, it is helping rebuild and relax the muscles needed for your big runs. Keep a relaxed but strong upper body to conserve energy efficiently. You want to keep your chin(下巴)up and your shoulders back, with loose, relaxed arm and hand muscles. Your elbows are bent at 90 degrees but swing freely. If anything, the only muscles you want to focus on keeping strong and tight are the ones in your core(核心).___19___ Use your light run to work up a light sweat. A higher body temperature ensures your muscles are loose and flexible, and your body is pumping blood effectively throughout. For everything other than easy runs, use the first five to ten minutes to build a light sweat and get your body ready for exercise.___20___Slowly pick up speed for short 10 second runs, then return to normal warm-up pace. This helps prepare your muscles for speed. A. Don't feel like an easy day is "cheating". B. Alternate easy and hard runs to build strength rapidly. C. Even five minutes of walking is a good way to get started. D. "Warming up" truly means you want to warm up your body. E. You are to pay a little attention to details and a smart training plan. F. That's because this will naturally help you efficiently channel energy. G. Remember to relax your face and neck muscles instead of tensing them 【答案】16. E 17. B 18. A 19. F 20. C 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何有技巧地训练自己成为一个杰出的跑步者。 【16 题详解】 下文 In that case, you can make large improvements as a runner in a relatively short time, no matter what your sport, race, or running habits.(这种情况下，无论你从事什么样的运动、比赛，或有什 么样的跑步习惯，你都可以在相对较短的时间内取得巨大的进步。)与 E. You are to pay a little attention to details and a smart training plan.(你需要注意一些细节并(制定)一个巧妙的训练计划) 承接自然，下文的“这种情况”就是选项所提到的“制定细节和训练计划”，故选 E 项。 【17 题详解】 根据下文的 It is common for runners to push themselves about the same amount each time, running similarly challenging runs and gradually increasing difficulty. Outstanding runners, however, alternate(交替)an easy, resting run with a very challenging one. (在跑步时逐渐增加难度、对自己 提出挑战、施加压力是很常见的。然而，杰出的跑步者会交替进行一种简单、休息式的跑步 和一种非常有挑战性的跑步。)可知，本段主要讲述跑步时要进行轻松和艰难模式的交替，且 快速积累能量。因此 B. Alternate easy and hard runs to build strength rapidly.(要交替进行轻松和 艰难的跑步，快速积聚力量。)可以作为本段中心句，故选 B 项。 【18 题详解】 下文 Rather, it is helping rebuild and relax the muscles needed for your big runs.(它帮助你为进行 大量运动重塑并放松你的肌肉。)与 A. Don't feel like an easy day is "cheating".(不要觉得轻松的 一天就是在‘作弊’。)承接自然，“轻松”的一天对你有巨大帮助，下文的 it 就指代选项中 的 an easy day，故选 A 项。 【19 题详解】 上文 Your elbows are bent at 90 degrees but swing freely. If anything, the only muscles you want to focus on keeping strong and tight are the ones in your core(核心).(将你的手肘弯曲成 90 度，自然 摆动。集中注意保持你的核心肌肉处于紧绷的状态。)与 F. That's because this will naturally help you efficiently channel energy. (因为这样会自然地帮助你有效地输送能量。)承接自然，选项是 将手肘弯曲成 90 度的作用，故选 F 项。 【20 题详解】 上文 For everything other than easy runs, use the first five to ten minutes to build a light sweat and get your body ready for exercise.(除了简单的跑步外，先用 5 到 10 分钟来做一些(能让你)轻微出 汗的运动从而让你的身体准备好去运动。)与 C. Even five minutes of walking is a good way to get started.(即使步行五分钟也是一个很好的开始方式)承接自然，five minutes 是关键词，故选 C 项。 第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分 35 分) 第一节 (共 20 小题;每小题 1 分,满分 20 分) 阅读下面短文,从每题所给的 A、B,C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选 项。 Images of her childhood flashed past her eyes. There she was, aged three, building a sandcastle on the___21___. Time flew by as those small little___22___changed into stronger ones which were trying to___23___a castle out of Lego blocks. Moving on, those hands were___24___covered with sweat, as she___25___a pen tightly, while taking her first major exam. Later on, they were slightly relaxed, as the pen was changed into a steering wheel,___26___along with family and friends. How fast time___27___, she thought. We all come into this world with a set of___28___, hopes and aspiration. We are___29___to grow up to achieve these dreams and___30___the world. But maybe sometimes in this process, we forget to___31___the journey. Yes, it is___32___to pursue your dreams and work hard to achieve them. But at the same time, it is also important to___33___time out for your loved ones, enjoy and cherish every___34___spent with them. As it is these moments that___35___some of the most beautiful___36___to be cherished for a lifetime! Every day isn't the same. The best thing in life is to take each day at a time, to cherish every moment and do what you love. Perhaps___37___is one of the best examples that show us the___38___meaning of doing what we love and doing what makes us smile. Looking at the shining face of her___39___(laughter, she realized that, perhaps she's got a second chance…chance to___40___her childhood once again! 21. A. roof B. beach C. street D. train 22. A. hands B. eyes C. legs D. feet 23. A. turn B. kick C. make D. work 24. A. suddenly B. rapidly C. strangely D. generally 25. A. threw B. bit C. caught D. held 26. A. skating B. playing C. jogging D. driving 27. A. comes on B. goes by C. runs away D. carries on 28. A. conditions B. glories C. dreams D. rules 29. A. eager B. cautious C. curious D. nervous 30. A. give up B. take over C. break into D. turn down 31. A. enjoy B. record C. share D. predict 32. A. difficult B. ridiculous C. important D. impossible 33. A. put B. watch C. reach D. take 34. A. coin B. moment C. effort D. treasure 35. A. gain B. cover C. form D. forget 36. A. minds B. memories C. desires D. interests 37. A. childhood B. friendship C. livelihood D. hardship 38. A. correct B. useful C. effective D. true 39. A. eldest B. elderly C. newborn D. teenaged 40. A. retell B. rewrite C. remark D. relive 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. A 25. D 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. A 32. C 33. D 34. B 35. C 36. B 37. A 38. D 39. C 40. D 【解析】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过描述一双手的变化来感慨时光飞逝，人生不应因追逐梦想 而忽略了沿途的风景。 【21 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：三岁的她就在那里，在海滩上建造一座沙堡。A. roof 屋顶；B. beach 海滩；C. street 街道；D. train 火车。根据上文中的“building a sandcastle”可知，此处表示在 海滩上建造沙堡。故选 B。 【22 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：时光飞逝，那些小小的小手变成了更结实的小手，它们正在用乐 高积木搭一座城堡。A. hands 手；B. eyes 眼睛；C. legs 腿；D. feet 脚。根据下文中的“those hands”可知，此处描述的是随着时间的流逝这双手的变化。故选 A。 【23 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：时光飞逝，那些小小的小手变成了更结实的小手，它们正在用乐 高积木搭一座城堡。A. turn 转动；B. kick 踢；C. make 制作；D. work 工作。根据后文 a castle out of Lego blocks 可知，这双手尝试用乐高积木制作城堡。故选 C。 【24 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：接下来，当她第一次参加专业考试时，紧紧握着笔，她的双手突 然布满了汗水。A. suddenly 突然；B. rapidly 快速地；C. strangely 奇怪地；D. generally 通常。 根据下文中的“as she________a pen tightly, while taking her first major exam”可知，此处表示 在第一次参加专业考试时，她在考试时握着钢笔的手，突然出了很多汗。故选 A。 【25 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：接下来，当她第一次参加专业考试时，紧紧握着笔，她的双手突 然布满了汗水。A. threw 抛，扔；B. bit 咬；C. caught 抓住；D. held 握住。根据下文中的“while taking her first major exam”及语境可知，她在考试时手里紧握着钢笔。故选 D。 【26 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，他们稍微放松了一下，把笔换成了方向盘，和家人朋友一 起驾驶。A. skating 滑冰；B. playing 玩耍；C. jogging 慢跑；D. driving 驾驶。根据上文中的“a steering wheel”可知，钢笔仿佛变成了方向盘，开车载着家人和朋友。故选 D。 【27 题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：时间过得真快啊，她想。A. comes on 快点；B. goes by 流逝，经过； C. runs away 逃跑；D. carries on 继续。根据上文 How fast time 可知，此处表示时光飞逝。故 选 B。 【28 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们都带着梦想、希望和抱负来到这个世界上。A. conditions 条件； B. glories 荣誉；C. dreams 梦想；D. rules 规则。根据下文中的“hopes and aspirations”和 “achieve these dreams”可知，人生来就带着梦想、希望和抱负。故选 C。 【29 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们渴望长大，实现这些梦想，统治世界。A. eager 渴望的；B. cautious 谨慎的；C. curious 好奇的；D. nervous 紧张的。根据后文 to grow up to achieve these dreams 可知，人生来就带着梦想、希望和抱负。我们渴望长大，去实现梦想。be eager to 意为 “渴望”，符合语境。故选 A。 【30 题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们渴望长大，实现这些梦想，统治世界。A. give up 放弃；B. take over 统治，接管；C. break into 闯入；D. turn down 关小。根据后文 the world 可知此处指我们 渴望长大，去实现梦想，继而统治这个世界。故选 B。 【31 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但也许有时候在这个过程中，我们忘记了享受旅程。A. enjoy 欣赏； B. record 记录；C. share 分享；D. predict 预测。根据上文中的“But”和下文中的“the journey” 可知，但是或许在追逐梦想的过程中，我们忘记了去欣赏沿途的风景。故选 A。 【32 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：是的，追求你的梦想并努力实现它们是很重要的。A. difficult 困 难的；B. ridiculous 可笑的；C. important 重要的；D. impossible 不可能的。根据下文中的“it is also important”可知，此处表示追逐梦想是重要的。故选 C。 【33 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但与此同时，抽出时间和你爱的人在一起也很重要，享受和珍惜 和他们在一起的每一刻。A. put 放置；B. watch 看；C. reach 到达；D. take 带走。根据下文中 的“time out for your loved ones”及语境可知，此处表示抽出时间和你爱的人在一起也很重要。 take time 表示“花费时间”。故选 D。 【34 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但与此同时，抽出时间和你爱的人在一起也很重要，享受和珍惜 和他们在一起的每一刻。A. coin 硬币；B. moment 时刻；C. effort 努力 D. treasure 财富。根据 下文中的“spent with them”及语境可知，抽出时间与你爱的人在一起，享受并珍惜与他们共 度的每一刻也很重要。故选 B。 【35 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为正是这些时刻，形成了一些最美好的回忆，值得珍惜一生！A. gain 获得；B. cover 覆盖；C. form 形成；D. forget 忘记。根据上文内容可知，上文提到要花时 间和家人在一起，因为正是这些时刻构成了可以珍惜一生的美好的回忆。故选 C。 【36 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为正是这些时刻，形成了一些最美好的回忆，值得珍惜一生！A. minds 思维；B. memories 回忆；C. desires 欲望；D. interests 兴趣。根据下文中的“to be cherished for a lifetime”及语境可知，正是那些我们与所爱的人一起度过的美好时光构成了可以让我们 珍惜一生的美好的回忆。故选 B。 【37 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：也许童年就是一个最好的例子，告诉我们做我们喜欢的事情和做 让我们微笑的事情的真正意义。A. childhood 童年；B. friendship 友谊；C. livelihood 生计；D. hardship 艰难。根据下文中的“a chance to _______ her childhood once again”及语境可知此处 指童年是最好的例子之一。故选 A。 【38 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：也许童年就是一个最好的例子，告诉我们做我们喜欢的事情和 做让我们微笑的事情的真正意义。A. correct 正确的；B. useful 有用的；C. effective 有效的；D. true 真实的。根据后文 meaning of doing what we love and doing what makes us smile 可知，此处 表示或许童年是最好的例子之一，告诉我们做我们喜欢的事情和让我们微笑的事情的真正意 义。故选 D。 【39 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：看着她新出生的孩子在笑声中容光焕发的脸，她意识到，也许 她还有第二次机会……重温她童年的机会！A. eldest 年龄最大的；B. elderly 上了年纪的；C. newborn 新生的；D. teenaged 十几岁的。根据下文中的“perhaps she's got a second chance... a chance to______her childhood once again”可知，此处表示她刚出生的女儿。故选 C。 【40 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：看着她新出生的孩子在笑声中容光焕发的脸，她意识到，也许她 还有第二次机会……重温她童年的机会！A. retell 复述；B. rewrite 重写；C. remark 评论；D. relive 再体验。根据语境可知，女儿让她有了再一次重温她的童年的机会。故选 D。 第二节(共 10 小题每小题 1.5 分,描分 15 分) 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese has overtaken French, Spanish and German to become one of the most popular foreign languages for jobseekers in the UK. Research shows graduates in Chinese earn___41___average yearly salary of £31,000 or___42___(much). “I had a lot of friends on other courses___43___didn’t do much in first or second year. But for Chinese majors, you have to spend hours and hours___44___(write) characters,” says Hannah Jackson, who graduated in Chinese Studies from Sheffield University in 2012. Hannah describes her course as “majorly intense”. “Most of my friends admitted to crying in the first week owing___45___the course intensity (强度). I was almost told at one point that I might want to reconsider and drop out.” “The degree is___46___(absolute) worth it. The efforts___47___(pay) off so far. I like that I could live, work and operate with relative ease in China. Looking around at people who have studied French or Spanish at university, I find there’s no such chance___48___(use) what they’ve learned in the workplace,” Hannah says. Hannah went to look for a job in Shanghai, where she found more employment____49____(opportunity). After working as a project manager for Intralink Group for four years, she set up___50___(she) own company earning £5,000 a day. She has now returned to the UK and works in business development for the Body Shop. 【答案】41. an 42. more 43. who/that 44. writing 45. to 46. absolutely 47. have paid 48. to use 49. opportunities 50. her 【解析】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲了英国的就业形势日益严峻，但学中文的英国毕业生却越来越 抢手。 【41 题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：研究显示，学中文的毕业生平均年薪达 3.1 万英镑以上。an average 平 均起来，该短语是固定短语，所以填 an。 【42 题详解】 考查比较级。句意：研究显示，学中文的毕业生平均年薪达 3.1 万英镑以上。文中表示“更多”， 用比较级，所以填 more。 【43 题详解】 考查定语从句。___3___didn’t do much in first or second year.作定语，修饰 friends，所以 ___3___didn’t do much in first or second year.是一个定语从句，friends 是先行词，关系词在从句 中作主语，指人，所以填 who/that。 【44 题详解】 考查固定句型。句意：但是学中文，你每天都需要花大把时间写汉字。”spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事，该句型是固定句型，所以填 writing。 【45 题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：我身边大多数中文系同学都表示，由于学习强度太大，第一周都掉眼 泪了。owing to 由于，因为…，该短语是固定短语，所以填 to。 【46 题详解】 考查副词。句意：中文学位，绝对值得拥有。该空修饰形容词 worth，用副词，所以填 absolutely。 【47 题详解】 考查时态。根据时间状语 so far，可知用现在完成时，所以填 have paid。 【48 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：我发现身边学法语和西语的同学就很难有这样好的职业发展。该空 作定语修饰 chance，用不定式，所以填 to use。 【49 题详解】 考查名词。该空作 found 的宾语，用名词。表示“就业机会”，是复数，所以用名词复数，填 opportunities。 【50 题详解】 考查物主代词。题干中表示“她建立起了她自己的公司”，用形容词性物主代词，所以填 her。 第四部分 写作(共三节,满分 45 分） 第一节 (共 5 小题;每小题 1 分,满分 5 分) 按照汉语提示,用单词的正确形式完成下列句子。 51. Early settlers________ (抓) rabbits and squirrels and even rats in order to survive.（根据汉语提 示填空） 【答案】caught 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：早期的移民为了生存，捕获了兔子，松鼠甚至老鼠。根据 Early settlers （早期移民）可知，设空处谓语动词动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时。再结合句意用 catch 表“抓住”之意，catch 过去式为 caught。故填 caught。 52. She screamed at him, and her eyes________ (看不消) with tears. （根据汉语提示填空） 【答案】were blind 【解析】 【详解】考查时态及固定搭配。句意：她冲着他尖叫，泪眼朦胧。根据句子分析及 screamed 可 知，设空处为谓语动词，且动作发生在过去，用一般过去时。根据句意泪水应该是模糊了她 的双眼，因此用固定搭配 be blind with 表“看不见，被……弄眼花”之意。故填 were blind。 53. We were struggling to keep our________ (平衡) as the boat rolled. （根据汉语提示填空） 【答案】balance 【解析】 【详解】考查名词及固定搭配。句意：当船翻滚时，我们努力保持平衡。根据句意及形容词 性物主代词 our 可知，设空处为名词，且用于固定搭配 keep one’s balance 表“保持平衡”之意。 故填 balance。 54. You will be informed when the book becomes________ (可得到的). （根据汉语提示填空） 【答案】available 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：当这本书可用时，你会得到通知的。根据句子分析可知，设空 处为形容词，在句中作表语。结合句意及汉语提示用 available 表“可得到的”之意。故填 available。 55. The skier’s red clothes stood out clearly________ (衬托) the snow. （根据汉语提示填空） 【答案】against 【解析】 【详解】考查介词。句意：滑雪者的红衣服在雪的衬托下显得格外显眼。根据句子分析可知， 设空处为介词，再结合句意 red clothes 和 the snow 颜色相反，故设空处用 against 表“与…… 相反/相衬”之意。故填 against。 第二节 (满分 15 分) 56. 假定你是李华，想邀请你的外教 Mr. Black 参加你校美食社团( Food Club)为外籍教师和学 生组织的活动。请你用英语给他写一封邀请信，内容包括: 1.活动的时间和地点； 2.活动的内容（教参与者包饺子等）； 3.活动的意义。 注意： 1.写作词数应为 80 左右; 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 ________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Mr. Black, I'm a student of yours in Grade Three. And I’m writing to invite you to take part in the activity of the Food Club in our school. Please let me introduce you more details about the activity. Firstly, the activity is going to be held at 9: 00 am on Sunday morning in the meeting room of the Food Club, whose aim is to introduce traditional Chinese food as well as Chinese culture to foreign teachers and students in our school. Secondly, all the participants will learn to make several kinds of dumplings under some Chinese cooks' guidance. And then we will enjoy the dumplings made by ourselves. Please join us and enjoy delicious dumplings together with us! I'm looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【分析】 本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给外教 Mr. Black 写封邮件，邀请他参加校美食社团（Food Club）为外籍教师和学生组织的活动。 【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：应用文 时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般将来时。 结构：说明目的——介绍活动——提出邀请 根据此结构安排，先介绍自己，简要说明活动，并邀请对方；再介绍活动具体内容；最后期 待对方接受邀请，并以这种方式安排所写内容。 要求： 1. 交代清楚活动的时间和地点； 2. 介绍活动的内容，其中包括教参与者包饺子等； 3. 点明活动的意义。 第二步:列提纲 （重点词组） Invite sb. to do sth；take part in；as well as；several kinds of；under one's guidance；by oneself； look forward to 第三步：连词成句 1. I’m writing to invite you to take part in the activity of the Food Club in our school. 2. The activity is going to be held at 9: 00 am on Sunday morning in the meeting room of the Food Club, whose aim is to introduce traditional Chinese food as well as Chinese culture to foreign teachers and students in our school. 3. All the participants will learn to make several kinds of dumplings under some Chinese cooks' guidance. 4. We will enjoy the dumplings made by ourselves. 5. Please join us and enjoy delicious dumplings together with us! 6. I'm looking forward to your reply. 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。 第四步：连句成篇（衔接词） 1.表文章结构顺序：Firstly，Secondly，And then 2.表并列补充关系： As well as 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰， 【点睛】[高分句型 1] And I’m writing to invite you to take part in the activity of the Food Club in our school. （不定式作目的状语） [高分句型 2] The activity is going to be held at 9: 00 am on Sunday morning in the meeting room of the Food Club, whose aim is to introduce traditional Chinese food as well as Chinese culture to foreign teachers and students in our school. （关系代词 whose 引导的非限制性定语从句） [高分句型 3] Please join us and enjoy delicious dumplings together with us! （祈使句） 第二节(满分 25 分) 57. 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语缤写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I was a single mother in my 30s who lived down and out with my daughter Peggy in a small apartment, struggling hard to make our needs meet. One day, I headed to the downtown for an interview. I sat down in the streetcar, and there against the seat was a beautiful silk umbrella with a silver handle decorated with gold scrolls, among which there was a name carved. On impulse(冲动) I determined to find the owner myself. I got off the streetcar in the heavy rain and thankfully opened the umbrella to protect myself. Then I searched a telephone book for the name I found it immediately and called it, waiting patiently, and then a lady answered. "Yes, “she said in surprise, with extreme excitement." It was my umbrella which had been stolen a year ago.” So appealing was her pleasure that I forgot I was looking for a job and went directly to her small house. She took the umbrella, with teary eyes, explaining with choking voice that the umbrella was given by her parents, now dead, Her happiness at retrieving(找回)this special possession was such that to have accepted her reward would have spoiled something, so I refused her offer and left. The following months were hard. I can only obtain temporary employment, for a small salary. What was worse, I had just lost my last job before Christmas, with only fifteen dollars left. Unless a miracle happened, I would be homeless in January, foodless and jobless. I had prayed steadily for weeks, and there had been no answer but this coldness and darkness. The air was full of Christmas merriment, with the bells ringing and children shouting in the bitter dusk of the evening. But there should be no Christmas for me, I knew, no gifts, no remembrance whatsoever. Thinking of this, I couldn’t control my tears on my way home, but I managed a smile so could greet my little daughter. She opened the door for me and threw herself in my arms, screaming joyously and demanding desirably for her Christmas gift. There I stood, frozen, overwhelmed by misery. 注意:1.续写词数应为 150 左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答 Suddenly, the doorbell rang and Peggy rushed to answer it, calling that it must be Santa Claus. ________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Suddenly, a note attached to one package caught my eyes. ________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Suddenly, the doorbell rang and Peggy rushed to answer it, calling that it must be Santa Claus. Then I heard man talking heartily to her and went to the door, He was a delivery man, and his arms were full of parcels. “This is a mistake, " I said, but he read the name on the parcels and they were for me. When he had gone, I didn't know what to do. Later, Peggy and I sat on the floor looking at each other. What a surprise! I looked for the name of the sender. Suddenly, a note attached to one package caught my eyes. I picked up the note, which read "Thanks for returning of the umbrella. Merry Christmas! ""It was sent by the lady. Holding the note tightly, I was on the verge of tears, with a stream of warmth spreading through my body. On that cold Christmas, I forgot I had no money for the rent and only fifteen dollars in my pocket. We just sat in our small apartment unwrapping the gifts one by one in happiness. A sweet peace flooded me like a blessing which made me hopeful again. 【解析】 【分析】 本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了一个 30 多岁的单身母亲，在去面试路上的电车里捡到一把伞， 并根据伞上信息，找到伞的而主人，将伞物归原主并且拒绝了酬谢。接下来，这位母亲在穷 困潦倒的生活中迎来了圣诞节，却苦于没有钱付房租以及买食物、送礼物给女儿的故事。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“突然，门铃响了，佩吉急忙去开门，说一定是圣诞老人。”可知，第 一段可先描写门打开后，这位母亲看到的确有送包裹之人后的疑惑以及她和女儿确定包裹是 给她们时的惊喜。 ②由第二段首句内容“突然，贴在一个包裹上的一张纸条吸引了我的目光”可知，第二段可 描写这位母亲发现这个包裹的寄送人是其之前所归还伞的主人，以及这个人的此番举动为这 对母女在寒冷的圣诞节带来的温暖和希望。 2.续写线索：收到包裹——感到困惑和惊喜——发现纸条——感到温暖和希望 3.词汇激活 动作类 ①收到礼物：heard man talking heartily to her/went to the door ②读便条：pick up the note/read 情绪类 ①.热情：heartily/ kindly ②.幸福：satisfaction/ contentment/ happiness/ fulfilment/ happiness 【点睛】 [高分句型]. Suddenly, the doorbell rang and Peggy rushed to answer it, calling that it must be Santa Claus.（由连接词 that 引导的宾语从句作非谓语动词 calling 的宾语） [高分句型 2]. A sweet peace flooded me like a blessing which made me hopeful again. （由关系代词 which 引导的限制性定语从句） [高分句型 3]. Later, Peggy and I sat on the floor looking at each other. （非谓语之现在分词的熟练运用）