上海市徐汇区2020届高三二模考试英语试题 Word版含解析

上海市徐汇区2020届高三二模考试英语试题 Word版含解析

www.ks5u.com ‎2019学年第二学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷 高三英语 试卷 ‎(满分140分，考试时间120分钟)‎ I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.‎ ‎1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ A. To answer the door. B. To fix the doorbell.‎ C. To get a job. D. To ask for instructions.‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】W: Did you call the manager?‎ M: Yes. I told him our doorbell doesn’t work. He said he’d come over tomorrow.‎ Q: Why did the man call the manager?‎ ‎2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ A. At the airport. B. In a restaurant.‎ C. In a booking office. D. At the hotel reception.‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】W: I’m sorry, sir. We don’t seem to have a reservation for you.‎ M: But my wife said that she had reserved a room for me here. I phoned her this morning just before I boarded the plane.‎ Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?‎ ‎3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ - 37 -‎ A. She has lost a lot of weight. B. She lost some money last year.‎ C. She spent a lot on cosmetic surgery. D. She is having health problems.‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】M: You look quite different from what you used to.‎ W: Sure. I started exercising regularly two years ago and went from 207 pounds to a healthy 140 pounds.‎ Q: What do we know about woman?‎ ‎4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ A. Taking photographs. B. Downloading images.‎ C. Fixing cameras. D. Painting pictures.‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】W: Do you let people know when you are taking pictures of them?‎ M: I try not to. You know, I don’t want people in my picture to look unnatural.‎ Q: What are the speakers talking about?‎ ‎5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ A. The woman is going to hold a party tomorrow.‎ B. The man asks the woman not to attend the party.‎ C. The woman doesn’t know how to get to the party.‎ D. The man offers to drive the woman to the party.‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】W: I can’t decide what to do about the party tomorrow.‎ M: You don’t have to go if you don’t want to, but I’ll be glad to give you a ride if you do.‎ Q: What do we learn from the conversation?‎ - 37 -‎ ‎6.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ A. Tokyo is a city with a short history.‎ B. He can provide little useful information.‎ C. He can show the woman around the city.‎ D. He has lived in Tokyo for a long time.‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】W: I need to talk to someone who knows Tokyo well. I was told you once lived there.‎ M: Oh, yes. But I was really young at the time.‎ Q: What does the man imply?‎ ‎7.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ A. She will meet the man in his office.‎ B. She has an appointment with the man.‎ C. She had a traffic accident that morning.‎ D. She can’t finish making the jam before 9.‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】W: Hello, Fred. I got stuck in a traffic jam. I’m afraid I can’t make it before 9.‎ M: Never mind. I’ll be waiting for you in your office.‎ Q: What can we learn about the woman from the conversation?‎ ‎8.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ A. Play some music. B. Remove the power plug.‎ C. Repair the sound box. D. Start the car engine.‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ - 37 -‎ ‎【原文】M: Did you check the power plug and press the play button?‎ W: Yes. The power was on and it was running. But somehow the sound didn’t come through.‎ Q: What is the woman probably trying to do?‎ ‎9.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ A. She can’t stand the hot weather. B. The beach resort is a better choice.‎ C. She enjoys visiting the art museums. D. The man should develop a taste for art.‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】M: Oh my god! The heat is simply unbearable here. I wish we’d gone to the beach instead.‎ W: Well, with these art museums, I’ll be happy here no matter what the temperature.‎ Q: What does the woman mean?‎ ‎10.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ A. He is satisfied with his new job. B. He wants his workload to be shared.‎ C. He doesn’t like his new office. D. He gets pressure from his new position.‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 原文】W: I heard about your promotion. You must be so excited.‎ M: Not really. My new office is huge, but the work load has doubled.‎ Q: What do we learn about the man from the conversation?‎ Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible - 37 -‎ ‎ answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.‎ Questions are based on the following passage.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ ‎11. ‎ A. A promotion of outdoor clothes. B. An introduction of West Virginia.‎ C. A weekend vacation to a famous resort. D. A free trip to an unknown destination.‎ ‎12. A. Regretful. B. Frustrating. C. Worthwhile. D. Comfortable.‎ ‎13. A. Mystery trips. B. Outdoor adventures. C. Social media. D. Travel destinations.‎ ‎【答案】11. D 12. C 13. A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】When Christina answered an advertisement on social media, her sister warned her that she could have problems. The ad was a weekend vacation to an unknown destination.‎ The West Virginia Division of Tourism organized the free trip earlier this month. The goal was to advertise West Virginia as a perfect place to visit during the autumn months. The social media ad said next to nothing about the destination. It only suggested that people wear layered clothes and strong footwear. It also recommended they have a sense of adventure.‎ In parts of the United States, mystery trips have grown into their own industry. Whether traveling by bus, train or airplane, these vacations have different lengths, costs and destinations. Often, organizers give people a general idea about where they are going. But sometimes they do not. The group Christina went with enjoyed dinner, nature and horseback riding. They watched musical acts at a former general store and spent the night at Canaan Valley Resort.‎ ‎“I would absolutely do it again,” Christina said. “It got me out of my comfort zone. It’s part of the adventure.”‎ - 37 -‎ Questions:‎ What was the ad on social media probably about?‎ What did Christina think of her experience?‎ What is the passage mainly about?‎ Questions are based on the following passage.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ ‎14. ‎ A. Goods are scarce and hard to get for ordinary consumers.‎ B. People aim for social distinction through what they own.‎ C. Manufacturers make more money by mass production.‎ D. Growth of consumerism is restricted by artificial products.‎ ‎15. ‎ A. To cut down on labour costs by reducing working hours.‎ B. To make customers feel they own something rare.‎ C. To increase their coffee price without losing customers.‎ D. To focus more on quality and customer satisfaction.‎ ‎16. ‎ A. Consumer awareness. B. Social distinction.‎ C. Artificial scarcity. D. Mass production.‎ ‎【答案】14. B 15. B 16. C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】Once upon a time, goods were scarce, and hard to get for all but the extremely wealthy. But industrial mass production has changed all of that. Factories all over the world are pumping out bright and beautiful objects. When everyone has to wait and save up for new things, owning them feels exciting and special. But when lovely things are available every day, they stop being a treat.‎ One of the features of consumer society is that we aim for social distinction through what we own. But if everyone has lots of stuff, how can we impress anyone with our purchases? All of this takes the fun out of shopping and means there’s a limit to how much consumerism can grow.‎ - 37 -‎ This is deeply worrying to companies, and some of them have started to fight it, by creating artificial scarcity. For example, in Singapore, a small cafe only opens on random days. It sometimes stays closed for over a week at a time. This trend means we can again own something rare. But the risk for these companies is that in a world of so much stuff, if they make their products too hard to get, we’ll just buy from someone else instead.‎ Questions:‎ What is one of the features of consumer society according to the passage?‎ Why does the small cafe in Singapore stay closed sometimes?‎ What is the passage mainly about?‎ Questions are based on the following passage.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ ‎17. A. In the gym. B. At a bookstore. C. At the library. D. In the classroom.‎ ‎18. ‎ A. Wait for a month. B. Keep the receipt.‎ C. Mark on the book. D. Accept a discount.‎ ‎19. ‎ A. The man doesn’t need the book now. B. He’s afraid he might damage the book.‎ C. The book costs too much for him. D. He prefers the edition with footnotes.‎ ‎20. ‎ A. Bargain with the woman. B. Go to another bookstore.‎ C. Wrap his book. D. Surf the Internet.‎ ‎【答案】17. B 18. B 19. D 20. D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】W: Can I help you? Are you looking for something in particular?‎ M: Yes, well I’m looking for the English literature section.‎ W: Oh, it’s right down here. What are you looking for?‎ - 37 -‎ M: I’m looking for a novel we’re supposed to read: Jane Austen’s Sense and Sensibility.‎ W: Jane Austen. Hmm. Oh, here it is. Here you are.‎ M: Eighteen dollars? The price is right, but, erm, it’s just the text. There don’t seem to be any footnotes. Is this the only edition you have here?‎ W: Yes, it is. Sorry.‎ M: Would it be OK if I bought this now, and then returned it if I can find a better edition on the internet?‎ W: Yes, certainly. But you’ll need to keep your receipt, of course, and be sure that the book is not marked up or damaged in any way.‎ M: Sure, that’s fair enough.‎ W: Did you want me to check whether we can find you another edition?‎ M: I don’t think I have time. It usually takes so long to get a book through a bookstore.‎ W: Unfortunately, that’s often true.‎ M: Thanks anyway. I’ll take this then. And I’ll go back and see if I can find a better edition on the internet. Thanks a lot for your help.‎ W: Thank you. Have a nice day.‎ Questions:‎ Where are the two speakers?‎ What must the man do if he wants to return the book?‎ What can be learned from the conversation?‎ What will the man probably do later?‎ II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.‎ Discovering a Lost Brother - 37 -‎ Kieron Graham always knew he had an elder brother named Vincent. His adoption papers, ___21___ (sign) when he was three months old, listed a brother named Vincent but no last name. Though Kieron spent years thinking about Vincent, he could never track him down.‎ That changed in December 2017, when Kieron’s adoptive parents gave him an DNA test as a Christmas gift. When his results came back, he was surprised ___22___ (find) he had a lot of DNA matches for relatives who had also taken the test. Most were distant connections, but one match was so strong that it ___23___ (label) “close family.” His name was Vincent Ghant. Kieron looked for him on Facebook and soon made a possible connection.‎ When they connected, it was ____24____ they had known each other their whole lives. As they talked, the brothers realized they lived about 20 minutes from each other. ___25___(surprisingly), they attended the same university and majored and minored in the same subjects.‎ Vincent was nine when Kieron was born and remembers caring for his baby brother. But times were tough, and Shawn, who worked 15-plus hours a day as a nurse, decided that ___26___(place) Kieron for adoption would give him the best chance to succeed.‎ ‎“She was very emotional about that time, to the point ___27___ it was hard for her to put into words anything about what happened,” Vincent says.‎ Now the brothers had the chance to make up for lost time. They decided to meet at a local tea shop that week. One of Vincent’s concerns was that Kieron ___28___ hate his birth family for placing him for adoption. He was relieved Kieron didn’t, and ___29___ he’d grown up in a loving family. After that first meeting, the brothers played football together and celebrated Christmas with their families. “We’ll keep growing our relationship ________30________ it’s time to leave this planet,” says Vincent. That shouldn’t be hard. As Kieron says, “We’ve got years and years to catch up on.”‎ ‎【答案】21. signed ‎ ‎22. to find ‎ ‎23. was labeled/labelled ‎ - 37 -‎ ‎24. as if/though ‎ ‎25. More surprisingly ‎ ‎26. placing ‎ ‎27. where 28. might ‎ ‎29. that 30. until/till ‎【解析】‎ 本题是一篇记叙文。讲述了主人公寻找到失散了多年哥哥的故事。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查过去分词作后置定语。分析该句“His adoption papers, ____ (sign) when he was three months old, listed a brother named Vincent but no last name.”，其中主语为his adoption papers，谓语动词为list，宾语为a brother，句子主谓宾成分齐全，故sign应使用非谓语形式，sign与adoption papers之间是被动关系，应填入sign的过去分词作adoption papers的后置定语。故填signed。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查不定式作原因状语。be surprised to do sth…其中to do不定时做“惊喜”的原因。故填to find。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查被动语态。该空前的it的指代的是one match，与label（标签，标为）之间为被动关系，又因为此处描述的是过去的事情，所以采用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was labeled/labelled。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查表语从句连词。句意：当他们联系上时，就好像早已熟知对方生活一样。作者在这里想要表达兄弟俩一见如故的情境，即好像他们很早就认识。故填as if/though。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查副词比较级。根据前文的“the brothers realized they lived about 20 minutes from each other”（兄弟俩发现他们住在相距20分钟范围内）及该空后句“they attended the same university and majored and minored in the same subjects”（他们上同一所大学，主修辅修的都是同一个科目），可发现后句子是前一个句子的递进，两者之间是递进关系。故填More surprisingly。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ - 37 -‎ 考查动名词作主语。该句“_____(place) Kieron for adoption would give him the best chance to succeed.”的谓语动词是would give，该句子缺少一个主语，所以要将place变为placing，即placing Kieron for adoption动名词充当句子的主语。故填placing。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查定语从句。该句point为先行词，而“it was hard for her to put into words anything about what happened”实际上是对point的修饰和解释，充当其定语从句作用，而先行词与小句之间缺少连词引导，结合句意及分析句子结构应使用where引导。故填where。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查情态动词。该句“One of Vincent’s concerns was that Kieron ______ hate his birth family for placing him for adoption.”Vincent担心Kieron可能会因为将他寄养给别人，从而对他原生父母记仇。作者在这里想要表达的是一种不确定性。故填might。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查宾语从句。该句补全是：He was relieved (that) Kieron didn’t（hate his birth family）, and that he’d grown up in a loving family.当句子出现由that引导的两个及以上宾语从句时，其第一个连词that可以省略，第二个及后面的that则不能省略，该空是第二个从句，故不能省略。故填that。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查状语从句。该句子想要表达的是“我们一定要不断增进之间的关系，一直到我们离开地球那一刻”，until连接时间状语从句，表示“直到……为止”。故填until/till。‎ Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.‎ A. motive B. deliberately C. convinced D. injurious E. alerts F. desperately G. swept H. accounts I. unconscious J. preserving K. charging Why Humpback Whales (座头鲸) Protect Other Species from Killer Whales - 37 -‎ Robert Pitman, a marine ecologist, describes an encounter he witnessed in Antarctica in 2009. A group of killer whales were attacking a Weddell seal. The seal swam ___31___ toward a pair of humpbacks that had inserted themselves into the action. One of the humpbacks rolled over on its back, and the seal was ___32___ onto its chest, between the whale’s massive flippers (鳍). “That incident ___33___ me,” he says. “Those humpbacks were doing something we couldn’t explain.”‎ Pitman started asking other researchers and whale watchers to send him similar ___34___. Soon he was reading through observations of 115 encounters between humpbacks and killer whales, recorded over 62 years. “There are some pretty astonishing videos of humpbacks ___35___ killer whales,” he says.‎ In a 2016 article in Marine Mammal Science, a famous scientific journal, Pitman and his co-authors describe this behaviour and confirm that such acts of do-gooding are widespread. But knowing that something is happening and understanding why it’s happening are two different things. Pitman and his co-authors openly reflected on the meaning of these encounters. “Why,” they wrote, “would humpbacks ___36___ interfere with attacking killer whales, spending time and energy on a potentially ___37___ activity, especially when the killer whales… were attacking other species of prey?”‎ Interestingly, humpbacks don’t just hit on killer-whale attacks. They race toward them like firefighters into burning buildings. And like those rescue workers, humpbacks don’t know who is in danger until they get there. That’s because the sound that ___38___ them to an attack isn’t the sad voice of the victim. It’s the excited calls of the killer whales. Pitman believes humpbacks have one simple instruction: “When you hear killer whales attacking, go break it up.”‎ I wonder what humpback whales care deeply enough about to actively swim into battle with killer whales. When I ask Pitman, he tells me that, it still comes down to selfishly ___39___ their own kind. He believes that their occasional rescues of humpback calves (后代) create a strong enough _____40_____ for them to rush in to help, even if it means they end up saving sunfish, sea lions, dolphins every now and then.‎ - 37 -‎ ‎【答案】31. F 32. G ‎ ‎33. C 34. H ‎ ‎35. K 36. B ‎ ‎37. D 38. E ‎ ‎39. J 40. A ‎【解析】‎ 本题是一篇说明文。讲述了为什么座头鲸会保护其它物种免受虎鲸的危害。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 考查副词。句意：海狮拼命地向一对座头鲸游过去。因为前面的动词swam（swim过去式）为不及物动词，该空需要填入一个副词来修饰动词swam;又根据前面语境“一群海鲸向海狮发起攻击”，所以这里体现的是海狮拼命地游。故选F项。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：其中一只座头鲸翻了一下身，海豹被卷到它的胸膛里。分析句子结构，主语是the seal，谓语动词应是被动语态，所以该空要填入动词一个过去分词，根据语境swept适合。故选G项。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：那件事情让我相信了。分析句子结构，That incident为主语，缺少谓语动词，且时态是过去式，备选项当中，convinced符合这两项。故选C项。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：Pitman开始要求其他的研究人员及鲸鱼观察员给他相似的报告。分析句子结构，该空应填入一个名词，又知后文的“he was reading through observations”（他阅读了所有的观察报告），可以判断该空填入accounts（报告、描述）。故选H项。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：有一些座头鲸袭击虎鲸视频，实在是令人震惊。分析句子结构，该空应该选择一个现在分词充当humpbacks的后置定语，结合语境，charging（猛冲进攻）符合语义。故选K项。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 考查副词。句意：座头鲸会故意插手虎鲸进攻行动么？该句子需要使用一个副词以修饰后面的动词interfere with，再结合语境，只剩下选项B符合题意。故选B项。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ - 37 -‎ 考查形容词。句意：座头鲸会花费时间和精力在很有危险的行动上？因为前文提到座头鲸会主动插手虎鲸的进攻，而此举是非常危险的，所以填入injurious ，故选D项。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：那是因为使他们意识到攻击的声音并不是受害者悲伤的声音。分析句子结构，该从句缺少一个谓语动词，且描述的是一个客观现实，所以该动词采用一般现在时。备选项当中alerts符合。故选E项。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：这要归结为他们自私地保护他们同类。改句子前的搭配come down to…（归结为，其中to为介词），分析句子结构，该空应该填入V-ing形式。故选J项。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：他认为，鲸鱼偶尔会帮助座头鲸幼崽，所以会让座头鲸产生强烈救助的动机。根据该空后面的介词，可以推断出该空填入一个名词，备选项当中motive（n.）与介词for搭配，及motive for…（……的动机，原因）。故选A项。‎ III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.‎ The true purpose of a business, Peter Drucker said, is to create and keep customers. “Customer value” has several definitions. I use the ___41___ to mean the total lifetime value of a company’s customer base. Companies can increase this value by ___42___ more customers, earning more business from existing ones, keeping them longer, making their experience simpler through digital improvements and so on. ___43___ leaders have long understood the importance of concentrating on customer value rather than pursuing short-term profits or quarterly earnings, and they’ve become enduring customer loyalty leaders in the process. It’s worth noting that a number of loyalty-leading companies are able to ___44___ shareholder pressure, or avoid it altogether, because they are founder-led, customer-owned, or not publicly traded.‎ Companies can ___45___ customer value in a variety of ways: To increase ___46___, ‎ - 37 -‎ enterprise software companies sometimes charge corporate customers change fees that can raise the total cost of ownership to as much as three times the original price. To reduce operating costs, restaurant chains sometimes ___47___ frozen and precooked ingredients in place of fresh and made-to-order food. The resulting profits may look good on the income statement. Such strategies may even lead to short-term earnings growth. But they also ___48___ potential customers and encourage disloyalty.‎ Given the importance of customer value, leaders should track it as much as they track other key assets (资产), such as buildings, machinery, and marketable securities. They also should reveal it in their quarterly and annual earnings releases so that investors can make ___49___ judgments about company performance and how it compares with that of industry peers. But most companies ____50____believe that measuring customer value is too difficult or costly. They continue to rely on a centuries-old accounting tradition that emphasizes physical and financial assets, and neither income statements nor balance sheets offer much ___51___ into the value of a company’s customers.‎ As investors wake up to the importance of customer value, however, many growth-stage companies now direct investors’ attention to ___52___ in growing the value of their customer base. Some public companies increasingly report various types of customer value metrics (指标). One of the UK’s top energy suppliers E.ON, ___53___, reports year-over-year customer counts in its financial report. “As a customer-focused company,” E.ON noted, “we see customer value as crucial to our success.”‎ This is a start, but because there are no customer-value reporting standards or requirements, investors still have a(n) ___54___ picture. The minority of companies that do provide customer value information decide for themselves what to disclose. ___55___, firms may calculate customer metrics differently or change them to tell a desired story, or simply stop reporting them if they fail to go with the company’s preferred narrative.‎ ‎41. A. item B. version C. term D. definition - 37 -‎ ‎42. A. persuading B. consulting C. acquiring D. inspecting ‎43. A. Considerate B. Visionary C. Determined D. Powerful ‎44. A. resist B. relieve C. intensify D. maintain ‎45. A. raise B. adopt C. calculate D. destroy ‎46. A. income B. experience C. productivity D. demand ‎47. A. separate B. substitute C. forbid D. combine ‎48. A. appeal to B. rely on C. put down D. scare off ‎49. A. informed B. subjective C. definitive D. independent ‎50. A. fully B. hardly C. readily D. wrongly ‎51. A. suspicion B. extension C. literacy D. visibility ‎52. A. sacrifice B. success C. prejudice D. expense ‎53. A. as a result B. for example C. on the contrary D. in general ‎54. A. incomplete B. depressing C. convincing D. vivid ‎55. A. Instead B. Further C. Otherwise D. Therefore ‎【答案】41. C 42. C 43. B 44. A 45. D 46. A 47. B 48. D 49. A 50. D 51. D 52. B 53. B 54. A 55. B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本题是一篇说明文。讲述了顾客价值对于公司发展的重大意义。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我使用的这个术语指的是一个公司客户群的整个生命周期价值。A. item项；B. version版本；C. term术语；D. definition定义。该空上一句提及的customer value是一个术语，并不是一个定义。故选C项。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：公司通过提高这种价值来赢得更多客户。A. persuading说服；B.‎ - 37 -‎ ‎ consulting咨询；C. acquiring获得；D. inspecting视察，观察。通过“earning more business from existing ones”（从现有的客户里赚取更多的利润），可以判断出获得更多客户才有更多利润。故选C项。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有眼见的领导者早已理解将注意力转移到客户价值的重要性，而不是追求短期效益和季度效益。A. considerate体贴的；B. visionary有预见的；C. determined决绝的；D. powerful有力的。该空后提及“领导早已理解客户价值的重要性”，这里强调的是那些有远见、深谋远虑的领导。故选B项。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：值得注意的是有许多把客户忠诚度看得重的公司能够抵御股东压力。A. resist抵抗；B. relieve减轻；C. intensify加强；D. maintain维持。根据后句的“or avoid it altogether”（或者可以一同抵御它们），可以判断该空与后面的句子在语义上表达的同一个意思，即抵御风险。故选A项。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在很多方式上，公司也可能破坏了顾客价值。A. raise提出；B. adopt采纳，收养；C. calculate计算；D. destroy破坏。通过该段后文的“Such strategies may even lead to short-term earnings growth. But they…”（如此策略甚至会导致短期的收益增长，但是……）从这句可以判断出，短期策略对公司长久发展是不利。故选D项。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了提高收入，计算机公司有时向公司顾客征收公司所有权变更费，高达原始费用3倍之多。A. income收入；B. experience经历，经验；C. productivity生产力；D. demand要求。通过该段后文的“The resulting profits may look good on the income statement.”（ 结果从收入账单上看，最后收益看起来还不错）。可以看出，公司采取这些策略的目的是提高收益，减少成本。故选A项。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了减少运营成本，一些连锁餐馆有时会用速冻或预加工食材而不是新鲜的、定制的食物。A. separate分隔；B. substitute代替；C. forbid禁止；D. combine组合。该句上提及“To reduce operating costs”（为了减少运营成本），可以判断出公司会采取手段来缩减运营成本，用速冻或预加工产品代替新鲜定制的食物会提升餐馆运营效率，从而提高营业额。故选B项。‎ - 37 -‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们会把潜在客户吓跑并助长客户“不忠”。A. appeal to对……有吸引力；B. rely on依靠；C. put down放下；D. scare off吓跑。该空前一句提及“Such strategies may even lead to short-term earnings growth.”（如此策略甚至会得到短期收入增长），但话锋一转，作者使用了but，可以推断出其实这种做法并不是最可靠有效的，甚至是吓跑潜在客户群。故选D项。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：投资者可以对公司的业绩表现有一个清晰的评判。A. informed了解情况的；B. subjective主观的；C. definitive确信的；D. independent独立自主的。下文提及公司应该公开一些报表数据，从消费者角度就可以得到更多信息从而客观评价公司的业绩了。故选A项。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：但大多数公司错误地认为衡量顾客价值是一项困难且开销大的事情。A. fully彻底地；B. hardly艰难地；C. readily毫不犹豫，迅速地；D. wrongly错误地。该空前面的but可以推断出，在现实当中，大多数公司并没有像文章中那样做，而是理所当然认为衡量顾客价值的方法不可取。故选D项。‎ ‎【51题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：收入账单及结余账单都无法充足地提供关于公司客户价值数据。A. suspicion怀疑；B. extension拓展；C. literacy素养；D. visibility可见。因为上文提及好多公司并没有恒量顾客价值，自然也就没有可看得到的相关数据。故选D项。‎ ‎【52题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，许多公司都将注意力转移到如何成功提高客户群的价值上面。A. sacrifice牺牲；B. success成功；C. prejudice偏见；D. expense花费。上文提及虽然有很多公司开始考虑顾客价值这一问题，但是还是有很多公司没有考虑如何成功提升客户群价值上面了。故选B项。‎ ‎【53题详解】‎ 考查短语辨析。句意：例如，英国顶尖的能源供应商（E.ON），每年都会在财务报道中纰漏其客户人头。A. as a result因此；B. for example例如；C. on the contrary恰相反；D. in general大体上。作者在这里以英国能源供应商的实际例子来支撑客户价值意义这一观点。故选B项。‎ - 37 -‎ ‎【54题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：投资者并没有一个完整的图景（整体情况）。A. incomplete不完整的；B. depressing沮丧的，萧条的；C. convincing有说服力的；D. vivid栩栩如生的。前文提及“This is a start, but because there are no customer-value reporting standards or requirements”（这才是开始，没有客户价值体系标准及要求）可以判断，在这一“客户价值”问题还有许多事情亟待完善，所以对于投资者来说，图景是不完整的。故选A项。‎ ‎【55题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：再者，公司统计客户价值指标也各不相同，也会改变指标编造一个想得到故事。A. instead事实上；B. further进一步，再者；C. otherwise否则；D. therefore因此。该空前后提及的两种情况是递进关系，所以使用“更进一步”较为合适。故选B项。‎ ‎【点睛】完型填空技巧之学会识别句子之间关系。句子之间常见的转折词有however, but, as a matter of fact, in fact等。在实际做题中，出题人又喜欢在转折词前后设空，以考察学生的逻辑思维能力。当我们遇到这种题型就要厘清前后两句的具体关系。就本题的第8小题和第10小题而言，这两道题就是通过简单的“but”这一转折词阐明上下文之间对比关系。其实除了以上提到的关键词，文章中还有很多隐性的“连接词”，它们也是帮助我们更好地发现句子之间的逻辑关系。如第6小题，该空是一个目的状语，当我们看到表目的的句子，就要问这样一个问题，即用了什么手段要达成什么目的呢？顺着这个逻辑，我们结合下文，会发现其实一些计算机公司提高更改费的原因是想提高收益，那这道题也就迎刃而解。不管怎样，我们要时刻注意句子与句子之间的各种细微关系，这样做题才会有思路，正确率自然而然就会上升。‎ Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.‎ ‎(A)‎ Aristotle thought the face was a window onto a person’s mind. Cicero agreed. Two thousand years passed, and facial expressions are still commonly thought to be a universally valid way to judge other people’s feelings, irrespective of age, sex - 37 -‎ ‎ and culture. A raised eyebrow suggests confusion. A smile indicates happiness.‎ Or do they? An analysis of hundreds of research papers that examined the relationship between facial expressions and underlying emotions has uncovered a surprising conclusion: there is no good scientific evidence to suggest that there are such things as recognizable facial expressions for basic emotions which are universal across cultures. Just because a person is not smiling, the researchers found, does not mean that person is unhappy.‎ This may raise questions about the efforts of information-technology companies to develop artificial-intelligence algorithms (算法) which can recognize facial expressions and work out a person’s underlying emotional state. Microsoft, for example, claims its “Emotion API” is able to detect what people are feeling by examining video footage of them. Another of the study’s authors, however, expressed scepticism. Aleix Martinez, a computer engineer at Ohio State University, said that companies attempting to obtain emotions from images of faces have failed to understand the importance of context.‎ For a start, facial expression is but one of a number of non-verbal ways，such as body posture, that people use to communicate with each other. Machine recognition of emotion needs to take account of these as well. But context can reach further than that. Dr Martinez mentioned an experiment in which participants were shown a close-up picture of a man’s face, which was bright red with his mouth open in a scream. Based on this alone, most participants said the man was extremely angry. Then the whole picture was shown. It was a football player with his arms outstretched, celebrating a goal. His angry-looking face was, in fact, a show of pure joy.‎ Given that people cannot guess each other’s emotional states most of the time, Dr Martinez sees no reason computers would be able to. “There are companies right now claiming to be able to do that and apply this to places I find really scary and dangerous, for example, in hiring people,” he says. “Some companies require you to present a video resume, which is analyzed by a machine-learning system. And depending on your facial expressions, they hire you or not, which I find really shocking.”‎ - 37 -‎ ‎56. We can learn from the second paragraph that __________.‎ A. facial expressions are universal across cultures B. it is hard to recognize some facial expressions C. emotions and facial expressions may not be related D. common facial expressions convey similar meanings ‎57. In the passage, the word “scepticism” (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to “__________”.‎ A. similar interest B. fierce anger C. strong support D. great doubt ‎58. The experiment mentioned by Dr Martinez may prove that ___________.‎ A. facial expression is an important way to communicate B. machine recognition of emotion is not reliable at all C. facial expression is not the only way to detect feelings D. people may misread facial expressions for lack of context ‎59. What does this passage mainly tell us?‎ A. Facial expressions are among the most universal forms of body language.‎ B. Computers can detect people’s mind by analyzing their facial expressions.‎ C. Facial expressions may not be the reliable reflection of a person’s emotions.‎ D. Companies can depend on machine recognition of emotion to hire people.‎ ‎【答案】56. C 57. D 58. D 59. C ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文。人脸识别功能已经广泛应用于生活方方面面，但科学家近日发现，面部表情并不能精确地反映出本人的真实心情。‎ ‎【56题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据原文的“Just because a person is not smiling, the researchers found, does not mean that person is unhappy.（科学家发现，因为一个人不笑并不意味着这个人不开心）”，可以判断脸部表情与心情之间并没有必然联系。故选C项。‎ ‎【57题详解】‎ 词句猜测题。根据原文的“Another of the study’s authors, however, expressed - 37 -‎ ‎ scepticism.（然而，另一位研究作者表示了怀疑）”，根据句中转折词however（然而），可以判断该处表达的意思与上文“Emotion API is able to detect what people are feeling by examining video footage of them.（表情APT能够通过检测视频来判别人们心中所想）”是相反的，即人脸识别并不能反应出人们内心真实心情。故选D项。‎ ‎【58题详解】‎ 推理判断题。定位到第四段落，根据“Machine recognition of emotion needs to take account of these as well.（机器表情识别也需要考量上述因素（情境））”，及根据原文“His angry-looking face was, in fact, a show of pure joy.（事实上，他看起来愤怒的表情实际上是快乐的表情）”，可判断出如果脱离了具体情境，我们就无法正确解读面部表情。故选D项。‎ ‎【59题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。全文都在讨论面部识别与人们内心情感之间的关系是否是正相关，作者通过引述科学家的言论“depending on your facial expressions, they hire you or not, which I find really shocking（凭借人脸表情识别来决定是否录用求职者，依我看是非常震惊的）”来例证脸部识别表情这一功能的不可靠，因为面部表情并非真正地反映出我们的真情实感。故选C项。‎ ‎(B)‎ IMPROVE YOUR WRITING | WRITING INSPIRATION | GET PUBLISHED RESOURCES Founded in 1887, The Writer aims to expand and support the work of professional writers with a straightforward presentation of industry information, writing instruction and professional and personal motivation. If you’re passionate about books, authors, and writing, you’ll find everything you need within our pages 12 times a year.‎ Our editors are interested in query letters (投稿信) on concrete topics written by emerging and experienced writers. We are looking for clear takeaway for our readers: What can they learn to improve their writing or advance their careers? What specific how-to tips and strategies will accomplish this?‎ In addition to a fleshed-out outline of your story idea and an estimated word - 37 -‎ ‎ count, queries should include a brief description of your background. For personal essays, we prefer writers to attach or paste the finished piece in their query email. We do not accept material that has been previously published in any form in print or online.‎ Queries should be sent by e-mail to tweditorialmadavor.com. All queries sent to any other address will be deleted.‎ Unfortunately, we receive hundreds of letters every week and cannot respond to all of them. If you haven’t heard from us in two weeks, please feel free to move your submission (投稿) to another publication. If you’re unfamiliar with our magazine, we recommend reading a few issues, subscribing, or at least signing up for our newsletter to get a feel for the kind of work we publish.‎ Article lengths vary widely from 300 to 3,000 words.‎ We recommend writers ask themselves the following questions before querying. It isn’t necessary to include them in your query, but we find it’s a good way to help us understand how your piece best fits in our pages:‎ ‎* How specifically will this story idea help our readers become more informed writers?‎ ‎* Why is this particular idea timely or relevant?‎ ‎* Why are you the perfect person to write this piece?‎ We prefer electronic queries. Please do not mail queries.‎ Payment varies.‎ Thank you for considering a submission to The Writer magazine, the voice of imagination, creation, and publication since 1887.‎ ‎60. According to the passage The Writer magazine __________.‎ A. provides practical suggestions on a writing career - 37 -‎ B. responds to all the query letters from the readers C. introduces successful writers and their works only D. prefers handwritten queries to electronic ones ‎61. When sending a query letter, a contributor must ________.‎ A. answer the three questions first B. attach a printed version of the story C. subscribe to the magazine D. include a brief self-introduction ‎62. What is this passage mainly about?‎ A. Magazine recommendations. B. Submission guidelines.‎ C. Published stories. D. Subscription information.‎ ‎【答案】60. A 61. D 62. B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本题是一篇应用文。向有意投稿的作者介绍一些投稿原则，帮助他们顺利发表文章。‎ ‎【60题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章的“The Writer aims to expand and support the work of professional writers with a straightforward presentation of industry information, writing instruction and professional and personal motivation. （《作家》提供简单易懂的产业信息展示、写作指导、激发职业及个人写作积极性，最终拓展及提升专业作家的写作）”，可以看出该杂志是提供与写作方面有关的指导。故选A项。‎ ‎【61题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据原文的“queries should include a brief description of your background（投稿信要包含投稿人简短的背景介绍）”，可以看出投稿人要附赠自己的个人介绍。故选D项。‎ ‎【62题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据原文“We recommend writers ask themselves the following questions before querying.（在投稿前，我们建议作者应该问以下几个问题）”，以及“it’s a good way to help us understand how your piece best fits in our pages（它能更好帮助我们理解你的写作是否和我们的页面契合）”，可判断该文是指导作者如何更好地写作投稿。故选B项。‎ - 37 -‎ ‎【点睛】应用文解题技巧。考场上的应用文大多选自外刊或外网的广告类文章，而这一文章有自己的特点，结构清晰、行文简单、条例清晰、关键词醒目。所以考生需要通过“速读”来了解文章的大意。如该文通过最上面的标题“The Writer”就可以对文章进行一个大致的猜测；又通过首段进一步确定该文的中心。其次，应用文有一些比较特殊的字体，如大小写、数字等。通过这些特殊标明的字体可以快速“寻读”以获取想要的信息。如本题的第1小题，the Writer就是以斜体字the Writer标明的，可以快速匹配到第一段落。‎ ‎(C)‎ There has, in recent years, been an outpouring of information about the impact of buildings on the natural environment. Information which explains and promotes green and sustainable construction design, strives to convince others of its efficacy (功效) and warns of the dangers of ignoring the issue. Seldom do these documents offer any advice to practitioners, such as those designing mechanical and electrical systems for a building, on how to use this knowledge on a practical level.‎ Although there are a good many advocates of “green” construction in the architectural industry, able to list enough reasons why buildings should be designed in a sustainable way, not to mention plenty of architectural firms with experience in green design, this is not enough to make green construction come into being. The driving force behind whether a building is constructed with minimal environmental impact lies with the owner of the building; that is, the person financing the project. If the owner considers green design unimportant, or of secondary importance, then more than likely, it will not be factored into the design.‎ The commissioning (委任) process plays a key role in ensuring the owner gets the building he wants, in terms of design, costs and risk. At the predesign stage, the owner’s objectives and expectations are discussed and documented. This gives a design team a solid foundation on which they can build their ideas. Owners who skip the commissioning process, or fail to take “green” issues into account when doing so, often come a cropper once their building is up and running. Materials and equipment are installed as planned, and, at first glance, appear to fulfil their purpose adequately. However, in time, the owner realizes that operational and maintenance costs are higher than necessary, and that the occupants are dissatisfied with the - 37 -‎ ‎ results. These factors in turn lead to higher ownership costs as well as increased environmental impact.‎ In some cases, an owner may be aware of the latest trends in sustainable building design. However, firms should not take it as read that the client already has an idea of how green he intends the structure to be. Indeed, this initial interaction between owner and firm is the ideal time for a designer to outline and promote the ways that green design can meet the client’s objectives, thus turning a project originally not destined for green design into a potential candidate.‎ Typically, when considering whether or not to adopt a green approach, an owner will ask about additional costs or return for investment. In a typical project, landscape architects, mechanical and electrical engineers do not become involved until a much later stage. However, in green design, they must be involved from the outset, since green design demands interaction between these disciplines. This increased cooperation clearly requires additional cost. However, there may be financial advantage for the client in choosing a greener design. There are examples of green designs which have demonstrated lower costs for long-term operation, ownership and even construction.‎ ‎63. What is the main reason for the lack of green buildings being designed according to the passage?‎ A. Few firms have enough experience in designing and constructing green buildings.‎ B. Construction companies are unaware of the benefits of sustainable designs.‎ C. Firms do not get to decide whether a building is to be constructed sustainably.‎ D. Firms tend to convince clients that other factors are more important than sustainability.‎ ‎64. The phrase “come a cropper” probably means ________.‎ A. experience misfortune B. change one’s mind C. notice the benefits D. make a start ‎65. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?‎ A. Most clients have a clear idea of whether they want a green building at the beginning.‎ - 37 -‎ B. Green buildings are most likely to cost more money than conventional buildings.‎ C. The commissioning process offers a good opportunity to bring up the subject of green design.‎ D. Firms should avoid working with clients who reject green designs in their buildings.‎ ‎66. The writer’s main purpose is to ________.‎ A. explain the importance of communication when a building is commissioned B emphasize the importance of green building design in protecting the environment C. explain to building owners why ignoring green issues is costly and dangerous D. inform professionals how they can influence clients to choose greener designs ‎【答案】63. C 64. A 65. C 66. D ‎【解析】‎ 本题是一篇说明文。介绍了“绿色建筑”这一流行理念并非在建筑行业实操过程真正落地原因，及介绍如何使之落地的途径。‎ ‎【63题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据原文的“The driving force behind whether a building is constructed with minimal environmental impact lies with the owner of the building.（是否以最小的环境影响来建造的最大驱动力是建筑的拥有人）”以及“If the owner considers green design unimportant, or of secondary importance, then more than likely, it will not be factored into the design.（如果大楼拥有人认为绿色设计不重要，或将它置于次之地位，那很大程度上，绿色设计概念将不纳入设计的考虑中）”，可以判断出关键因素是大楼拥有人，公司实际不能决定是否施行环保建造。故选C项。‎ ‎【64题详解】‎ 词句猜测题。根据该段的“The commissioning (委任) process plays a key role in ensuring the owner gets the building he wants, in terms of design, costs and risk.（若要保证所属者能够得到想要的建筑，无论是从设计、成本还是风险角度而言，委任过程扮演了重要角色）”可以判断出，该段落意在说明“委任”的重要性；而从“Owners who skip the commissioning process, or fail to take “green” issues into account when doing so（所属者如果跳过委任过程，或未能将绿色概念纳入考量）”可以判断出，下一句会说如果不遵循这一过程会造成的严重失误和后果是什么，备选项A符合语境。故选A项。‎ - 37 -‎ ‎【65题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据原文的“this initial interaction between owner and firm is the ideal time for a designer to outline and promote the ways that green design can meet the client’s objectives（大楼拥有者与公司之间的初步交流对于设计者勾勒和提升绿色设计方案是一个绝佳时机，同时也满足客户的目的需求）”，这里的the initial interaction指代的就是the commissioning process，所以该句强调委任过程在绿色设计概念交流上起到的重要作用。故选C项。‎ ‎【66题详解】‎ 推理判断题。本文主要从commissioning process（委任过程）这个角度入手，介绍了其对于大楼拥有者、公司及设计者三者之间的重要作用，通过沟通设计者可以更好地将绿色概念融入到建筑当中，故该文向从业者介绍如何通过有效途径影响客户选择绿色设计。故选D项。‎ Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.‎ The Podcast (播客) Boom Do you prefer to watch TV or listen to the radio? There was a time when some people thought moving pictures would spell the end of tuning in to the radio for entertainment and information. But radio survived and boomed. __________67__________‎ Perhaps the growth in podcasting is not surprising-it offers a digital audio file that can be downloaded and stored for listening at any time. It can also be streamed from the internet and played on a computer or MP3 player. And it’s not just broadcasters, like the BBC, who are producing podcasts: now commercial broadcasters, individuals and companies with no connection to broadcasting are making them. In fact, anyone with something to say, and a few pounds to spend on the equipment, can get involved.‎ The digital audio files are cheap to produce and, thanks to the internet, easy to distribute. __________68__________ Journalist Ben Hammersley told the BBC that “two changes transformed the market-one cultural and one technical.” A technical breakthrough came in 2012 when Apple produced the iPhone podcast app, which proved - 37 -‎ ‎ a popular library system for listeners. This was followed by a dramatic improvement in inexpensive recording production and editing equipment. Finally, the development of 4G mobile phone connections and widespread wi-fi meant listeners could browse, download or stream shows whenever they wanted.‎ ‎__________69__________ It was a piece of investigative journalism hosted by Sarah Koenig, telling a non-fiction story over multiple episodes (集). To date, the first and second seasons of the show have had more than 340 million downloads. Advertisers soon realized the money-making potential of this and other successful podcasts. And where the audience goes, the money follows. From 2017 to 2018 advertising spending on podcasts in the UK went from $10.6m(£8.5m) to $19.7m, an 85% increase, according to Ovum.‎ ‎__________70__________ In fact, as Ben Hammersley explains, podcasting has brought people into broadcasting who would normally never have seen the inside of a recording studio. “There are of course professional podcasters, but there are many more people who create quality content and do it for nothing,” he says. “And that is changing not just the way we listen to audio but the way the broadcasting industry works.”‎ A. The cultural breakthrough came in 2014 with a very specific podcast-Serial.‎ B. But if you are a celebrity, podcasts can provide a new branch of business.‎ C. And now, despite the growth in smartphones offering high-definition pictures, the popularity of podcasts is booming.‎ D. Now the boom in podcasting embraces a huge range of talent, from professional broadcasters to enthusiasts offering insights on anything and everything.‎ E. Podcasts offer a chance to speak to a very precise selection of people.‎ F. But where did this trend for making portable audio programmes begin?‎ ‎【答案】67. C 68. F 69. A 70. D ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了播客发展热的原因。‎ ‎【67题详解】‎ 该空所在段落为第一段，从结构讲，首段常是引出文章的论述主题。通过题目“The Podcast - 37 -‎ ‎ Boom（播客潮）”以及第二段的“the growth in podcasting is not surprising（播客的发展并不足为奇）”，可进一步确定，该空应该引述出播客快速发展这一社会事实。故选C项。‎ ‎【68题详解】‎ 该空前“The digital audio files are cheap to produce and, thanks to the internet, easy to distribute.（数字音频文件生产成本低，由于会联网起到作用，它还易于传播）”，又因为该空后提及“two changes transformed the market-one cultural and one technical（两项改变则颠覆了单一文化市场及技术的局面）”，位于段落中部结构上起到上下过度作用，即是哪方面促使数字媒体节目的快速转播呢？备选项F符合这一语境。故选F项。‎ ‎【69题详解】‎ 该空后“It was a piece of investigative journalism（它是一档新闻调查类节目）”，该句的it为代词，根据语境可判别出这里指代的是某栏播客节目。在备选项当中，只有A项是介绍相关某个播客节目的。故选A项。‎ ‎【70题详解】‎ 该空所在段落的最后一句“And that is changing not just the way we listen to audio but the way the broadcasting industry works（播客不仅改变我们收听音频的方式，同时也在改变广播行业运作方式）”，可以推断出播客的兴起正在影响这个行业的各个方面，又因为该空位于句首，结构上起到总领段落作用，只有D项符合语义。故选D项。‎ IV.Summary Writing ‎71.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.‎ Teaching Children about Forgiveness If you’ve seen your children struggle to forgive someone for hurting them, you know that forgiveness is complicated. After all, forgiveness is complicated for adults, too. At times, we wonder why we’re trying to forgive someone anyway; later, we might think we’ve forgiven them, only to experience a sudden burst of anger. Indeed, it takes many years for us to grasp the meaning of forgiveness as we grow up.‎ It’s understandable that children may feel hurt or angry when a friend does something less-than-kind to them. Maybe the friend said something unkind or broke ‎ - 37 -‎ something precious, embarrassed them, excluded them, or told their secrets. Children may be tempted to get even with a friend who’s done them wrong, by doing something worse or telling everyone how terrible the friend is, but trying to get revenge only escalates (升级) the conflict.‎ Parents can play an important role in teaching children about forgiveness. Children watch how important adults in their lives respond when someone does something unkind. Do they complain to others or speak directly to the person involved? How long does it take them to get over being mad or hurt? How do they get over it? Parents can teach their children about the value of forgiveness by regularly practicing it in their own lives.‎ Sometimes parents can talk with their children about forgiveness, based on where kids are in their cognitive (认知的) and emotional development. For example, children need to understand that no one is perfect, so generously forgiving a well-meaning friend is a caring thing to do. If parents can help children see things a little more from other people’s perspective, this will make forgiveness easier. These conversations can change the way children think about forgiveness and help them emotionally recover when they inevitably experience harm and unfair treatment from others in life.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】Forgiveness is complicated and children’s understanding of forgiving develops as they grow older. Children may feel angry and want to revenge when they feel hurt or wronged. Parents need to be good role models themselves and have age-appropriate discussions with children to help them see things from other people’s perspective and better understand forgiveness.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇概要写作。主要讲述了在孩子眼里，“原谅”这一过程的特征，以及作为父母应如何教导孩子学会原谅。‎ - 37 -‎ ‎【详解】第一步：审题 时态：时态应为一般现在时。‎ 人称：第三人称，避免第一人称使用。‎ 注意事项： ‎ ‎1. 写出原谅这一过程特征，为什么要原谅。‎ ‎2. 父母如何教导孩子学会原谅。‎ ‎3. 避免摘抄原文词语，学会同义替换。‎ 第二步：段落总结 第一段：对于孩子来说，原来是一个复杂的认知过程，需要花费很长时间才能明白。‎ 第二段：在受到伤害时，反抗或报复是一种生理自然反应。‎ 第三段：家长要树立榜样，教学生学习“如何学习原谅”（也是文章的过渡段落）。‎ 第四段：提出一些指导原则，帮助孩子学会“原谅”。‎ 第三步：语义合并 文章第二段和第一段可以合并，写出Forgiveness is complicated and children’s understanding of forgiving develops as they grow older. Children may feel angry and want to revenge when they feel hurt or wronged.‎ 第三段和第四段可以并列，写出Parents need to be good role models themselves and have age-appropriate discussions with children to help them see things from other people’s perspective and better understand forgiveness.‎ 第四步：润色修改 V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.‎ ‎72. 开车时遮挡车牌号是违法的。(It)‎ ‎________________‎ ‎73. 在做出抉择之前，务必充分权衡这一决定将产生的后果。(weigh)‎ ‎________________‎ ‎74. 参加艺术活动不仅可以缓解压力、培养创造力，还能延年益寿。(not only)‎ ‎________________‎ ‎75. 在信息泛滥的互联网时代，我们要学会独立思考和自主判断, 而不是盲目从众。(rather - 37 -‎ ‎ than)‎ ‎________________‎ ‎【答案】72. It is illegal to cover your license plate (number) when (you are) driving. ‎ ‎73. Be sure to weigh the consequences of your decision before you make it. ‎ ‎74. Engaging in art activities not only helps relieve stress and cultivate creativity, but also extends our life spans / enables us to live longer. ‎ ‎75. In the Internet age/era of unlimited information/ flooded with information, we should learn to think independently and make our own judgments rather than blindly follow the crowd.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【72题详解】‎ 考查形式主语及时间状语从句。分析可知，因该句子描述的是客观情况，所以使用一般现在时。为避免头重脚轻，采用It引导的形式主语句型，即it + adj. + to do sth.；to cover your license plate/number（遮挡车牌号）则为真正主语；when（you are）driving做时间状语。故翻译为：It is illegal to cover your license plate (number) when (you are) driving.‎ ‎【73题详解】‎ 考查动词用法及祈使句。分析可知，句子采用时态为一般现在时。祈使句型：be sure to do sth…（务必/确保……）；充分权衡这一决定将产生的后果：weigh the consequences of your decision；before you make it做时间状语从句。故翻译为：Be sure to weigh the consequences of your decision before you make it.‎ ‎【74题详解】‎ 考查it句型及动名词作主语。分析可知，该句采用时态为一般现在时；Engaging in art activities（参加艺术活动）动名词作主语；句型not only…but(also)…不但，而且…..；缓解压力、培养创造力为help relieve stress and cultivate creativity、延年益寿为extend our life spans / enable us to live longer。故翻译为：Engaging in art activities not only helps relieve stress and cultivate creativity, but also extends our life spans/enables us to live longer.‎ ‎【75题详解】‎ - 37 -‎ 考查时间状语及连词。分析可知，该句时态采用一般现在时。在信息泛滥的互联网时代为In the Internet age/era of unlimited information；独立思考think independently；自主判断make our own judgments；连词rather than而不是；盲目从众blindly follow the crowd/follow the crowd blindly。故翻译为：In the Internet age/era of unlimited information/flooded with information, we should learn to think independently and make our own judgments rather than blindly follow the crowd.‎ VI. Guided Writing ‎76.Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.‎ 假设你叫王林，你的美国好友John来信说他最近每天晚上玩手机到深夜，导致白天没有精神且食欲不振。他对此很担心，但又管不住自己，因此写信向你求助。请你用英语给John写一封回信，谈谈你的想法并给他一些建议。‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】Dear John,‎ I am pleased to receive your letter seeking after my proposals on how to overcome the awful habit of staying up late. Therefore, I am writing to give you a helping hand. From my point of view, there are two accounts for this. For one thing, a habit is easy to form but hard to get rid of. According to the statistics, it may take a person 21 days to cultivate a habit but 90 days to get over it. For another, since mobile phones have become an indispensable part in our daily life, it is absolutely difficult to resist the tempt of it, especially for us adolescents.‎ Here are some humble suggestions for your consideration. First and foremost, you are supposed to switch off your phone and keep your phone away from you before going to bed so that it will not attract you attention. Additionally, if I were you, I would work out properly before going to bed to relax yourself both physically and mentally. Last but not least, it is high time you enhanced your awareness of early sleep. As - 37 -‎ ‎ a classic prover goes that early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.‎ Whichever suggestion you will take, please persevere in it. Hopefully, your problem would be solved soon.‎ Best wishes!‎ Yours,‎ Wang Lin ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 第一步：审题 体裁：应用文 时态：根据提示，时态多为一般现在时。‎ 要求：‎ ‎1. 给美国好友回信；‎ ‎2. 表示对于好朋友担心，并提供可行性方案帮助他解决这一问题。‎ 第二步：列提纲（重点词组）‎ overcome the awful habit of…；give you a helping hand；became an indispensable part；for your consideration；both physically and mentally…‎ 第三步：连词成句 ‎1. How to overcome the awful habit of staying up late ‎2. I am writing to give you a helping hand.‎ ‎3. Here are some humble suggestions for your consideration.‎ ‎4. You are supposed to switch off your phone and keep your phone away from you before going to bed so that it will not attract you attention.‎ ‎5. It is high time you enhanced your awareness of early sleep.‎ 第四步：连句成篇（衔接词使用）‎ ‎1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last ‎2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including,‎ - 37 -‎ ‎3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that…‎ ‎4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，‎ 第五步：润色修改，注意主谓一致、单复数、冠词等语法正确使用。‎ ‎【详解】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如I am pleased to receive your letter seeking after my proposals on how to overcome the awful habit of staying up late.运用了非谓语及宾语从句复杂句式if I were you, I would work out properly before going to bed to relax yourself both physically and mentally.。运用了虚拟条件句，使说辞更具礼貌性。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。‎ ‎ ‎ - 37 -‎ - 37 -‎