【英语】2019届人教版高考英语一轮复习考点精编：（11）阅读理解细节理解

【英语】2019届人教版高考英语一轮复习考点精编：（11）阅读理解细节理解

阅读理解-细节理解 A British International Schools in China Harrow International School Beijing The mission statement of the school is “Leadership for a better world”，which draws on the great tradition of famous leaders studying in Harrow School such as Winston Churchill and Pundit Nehru.Established in 2005，the Harrow International School Beijing is known for its reputation for having the highest academic standards and close personal tutoring.All students have a personal tutor to take care of their personal concerns.The tuition fee per year ranges from 80，100 to 258，400 yuan($12，60040，600) for half day，prenursery to year 13.Read more via www.harrowbeijing ‎.cn.‎ Dulwich College Shanghai Dulwich College Shanghai is made up of about 1，500 students from age 2 to age 18，with over 40 different nationalities.Dulwich College Shanghai opened in 2003 and has been recognized as one of the best international schools in Shanghai.About 70 percent of the school's teachers are British.The school's annual payment ranges from 225，500 to 269，500 yuan ($35，50042，000) for year 1 to year 13.Click here to know more.‎ Wellington College International Shanghai Wellington College，UK，is one of the world's top coeducational day and boarding schools founded by royal sponsors on behalf of Queen Victoria in 1859.Wellington College International Shanghai opened its doors in 2014 and now has over 600 students，aged 2 to 18 years old.Annual tuition ranges from 234，000 to 285，000 yuan($36，80044，800) for year 1 to year 13.Wellington College also has a campus in Tianjin.Click here to learn more about both locations.‎ The British School of Guangzhou Established in 2005 for students aged 2 to 18，the British School of Guangzhou has gained a reputation for academic excellence.The school's two campuses are located about 25 minutes north of Guangzhou's city center，overlooking scenic South Lake.The annual tuition ranges from 157，840 to 197，690 yuan ($24，80031，000) for year 1 to year 13.Click here to know more.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了中国的几所英国国际学校。‎ ‎1．If you want to make friends with students from different countries，you may choose ________．‎ A．Harrow International School Beijing B．Dulwich College Shanghai C．Wellington College International Shanghai D．The British School of Guangzhou B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“with over 40 different nationalities.Dulwich College Shanghai opened in 2003 and has been recognized as one of the best international schools in Shanghai”可知，Dulwich College Shanghai 这所学校有来自40多个国家的学生，而且是上海最好的国际学校之一，所以在这所学校你能够交到来自不同国家的朋友，故选B。]‎ ‎2．What do Wellington College and the British School of Guangzhou have in common?‎ A．They both have two campuses.‎ B．Their annual tuition fees are the same.‎ C．They are both sponsored by the royal family.‎ D．They are both the world's best boarding school.‎ A　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“also has a campus in Tianjin”和第四段中的“The school's two campuses are located about”可知，这两所学校都有两个校区，故选A。]‎ ‎3．In which section of a website can we probably read this passage?‎ A．Lifestyle. B．Opinion.‎ C．International News. D．Culture Exchange.‎ D　[文章出处题。本文主要介绍了中国的几所英国国际学校，这些国际学校存在中英两国之间教育文化方面的交流，故选D。]‎ B ‎(2017·东北三省四市教研联合体模拟)‎ A survey has shown that what you do on a plane can be determined by which nationality is listed on your passport.‎ According to the results of an international passenger survey，Australians are the biggest drinkers on board with 36 percent choosing to down the hatch，compared to 35 percent of Americans and 33 percent of Brits.‎ The Airline Passenger Experience Association (APEX) spoke to around 1，500 people，aged 18 and older，who have travelled by plane at least once during the last three months and were living in the United States，the United ‎ Kingdom，Germany，Japan，China，Singapore，Australia or Brazil.‎ The results found Chinese travellers are most likely to nod off once the seat belt sign switches off.They are also the first to reach for their credit card for some inflight shopping and the biggest fans of gaming.Americans on the other hand like to use their time in the air more productively—when not drinking—choosing to work while flying at 35，000 feet.‎ Meanwhile，Brits and Germans are the best at making chat with random strangers—spending 50 percent more time than any other nationality.Comparatively，Brazilians conduct their conversations online via email，messaging apps or social media.‎ Despite plane food having a bad reputation，seven out of ten interviewees said they were happy to eat up the selection of inflight snacks and meals.Inflight magazines were also popular with four out of five passengers claiming to read them.‎ The international flyers did，however，express their desire for better inflight entertainment.“The industry has greatly improved the comfort，entertainment and onboard service，and passengers are accepting those improvements，” said Russell Lemieux，APEX executive director.“At the same time, passengers are demanding more from their air travel experiences which will drive more improvements touching all aspects of the journey，” he added.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项关于乘机习惯的调查结果。在飞机上，无论是喝杯酒放松自己，还是埋头阅读杂志亦或与隔壁座的乘客攀谈，这些乘机习惯都可能由乘客的国籍决定。‎ ‎1．What can you probably see in the flight according to the passage?‎ A．Brazilians choose to drink.‎ B．Germans chat to kill their time.‎ C．Americans do inflight shopping.‎ D．The Chinese switch off the seat belt sign.‎ B　[细节理解题。根据第五段的“Meanwhile，Brits and Germans are the best at making chat with random strangers”可知，德国人会和陌生人聊天以消磨时间，因此选B。]‎ ‎2．When on board the plane，________．‎ A．most passengers like to read inflight magazines B．passengers from one nation have little in common C．more than half of the passengers don't enjoy plane food D．most people tend to use inflight time to have a good sleep A　[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Inflight magazines were also popular with four out of five passengers”可知，大部分乘客喜欢阅读飞行杂志。]‎ ‎3．What can we learn from the last paragraph?‎ A．Flyers care little about entertainment.‎ B．Flyers are expecting better flight experiences.‎ C．Flyers are not satisfied with the improvements.‎ D．Flyers have more and more demands for airlines.‎ B　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“At the same time, passengers are demanding more from their air travel experiences”可知，乘客要求航空公司提供更好的服务，希望自己能有更好的乘机体验，因此选B。]‎ ‎4．What's the purpose of the passage?‎ A．To entertain readers with interesting stories.‎ B．To encourage people to behave well in public.‎ C．To criticize impolite behavior on the plane.‎ D．To inform readers of the results of a survey.$来&源：ziyuanku.com D　[写作意图题。本文主要告诉我们一项关于乘机习惯的调查结果，因此选D。]‎ C ‎(2017·泉州高三质量检查)When students read articles about scientific discovery，they learn what worked.Scientists present the methods that got the best result.They often show only the results that are significant and important.What they won't show are the mistakes or failures that came first.Yet sometimes those mistakes pointed the way to success.ziyuanku.com It can take a long time and many experiments to achieve scientific success.Robbin，16，and Annabelle，15，learned that while working this summer in a biochemistry lab at Stony Brook University in New York.What's more，they learned that failure is not necessarily something to fear.‎ ‎“I like the idea of scientific research，” says Robbin.It's the basis for “every lesson you learn in school and understanding everything you see in life”. This summer，Robbin has been working with Lauren，a chemistry student，who is making new drugs to fight harmful bacteria.At first，the tests made Robbin anxious.She worried that she might be making costly mistakes.But Lauren reassured her that finding out what doesn't work is “just part of the learning process”．With time，the teen got comfortable with the idea that every experiment wouldn't ‎ succeed.ziyuanku.com Annabelle also learned a lot about failure and success.She worked with graduate student Agnieszka Gil.“Sometimes I try something and it takes a while for the experiment to run.”This means that finding out whether Annabelle did something wrong can be a stressful waiting game，because “if you did something wrong you need to do it again”．But she's now learning to be patient and not to expect instant success.$来&源：ziyuanku.com In science，figuring out why something failed is what may just put them on the road to success.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　在阅读科学发现的文章时，人们往往对科学成就过度关心，其实科学成就往往是建立在无数次失败的基础之上的。Robbin和Annabelle在实验室里体会到了坦然接受实验失败的价值。‎ ‎1．What impresses students most in articles about scientific discovery?‎ A．Scientists' achievements.‎ B．The reasons for success.‎ C．The cause of mistakes.‎ D．Stressful process of research.资*源%库 ziyuanku.com A　[细节理解题。根据第一段的第一句“When students read articles about scientific discovery，they learn what worked.”以及第二段的第一句“It can take a long time and many experiments to achieve scientific success.”可知，学生在阅读科学发现的文章时，对科学成就的印象最为深刻，故A项正确。]‎ ‎2．What can we learn from the passage?‎ A．Robbin is a graduate student.‎ B．Lauren managed to make new drugs.‎ C．Annabelle learns the value of patience.‎ D．Agnieszka expected instant success.‎ C　[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的最后一句“But she's now learning to be patient and not to expect instant success.”可知，Annabelle学会了耐心，不期望立即成功；据此可以判断，Annabelle知道了耐心的价值，故C项正确。]资*源%库 ziyuanku.com ‎3．What did Robbin and Annabelle have in common in their experiments?‎ A．They did their experiments independently.‎ B．They realized not all experiments would succeed.‎ C．They assisted graduate students to make new drugs.‎ D．They made severe mistakes in the experiments.‎ B　[细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句“With time，the teen got comfortable with the idea that every experiment wouldn't succeed.”可知，Robbin坦然接受了并不是每次实验都会成功的事实；根据第四段的最后一句“But she's now learning to be patient and not to expect instant success.”可知，Annabelle学会了耐心，不期望立即成功；据此可知，Rabbin和Annabelle的共同点是她们都意识到了不是每次实验都会成功，故B项正确。]‎ ‎4．What does the writer intend to tell us?‎ A．The cause of making errors in science.‎ B．The significance of scientific discovery.‎ C．The importance of doing experiments.‎ D．The correct attitudes towards failures.‎ D　[目的意图题。通读全文可知，本文的主题句是文章最后一段“In science，figuring out why something failed is what may just put them on the road to success.”；由此可知，探索科学世界，失败是成功之母；据此可以判断，本文旨在告诉人们对待失败的正确态度，故D项正确。]‎ D ‎(2017·太原一模)Whether it is Mozart or Miley，your choice of music could determine whether you will perform well at your job.A new study suggests that listening to music in the office improves the speed and accuracy of tasks such as data entry，proofreading and problem solving.In an officebased experiment，88 percent of participants were found to produce their most accurate work when listening to music.‎ The study also found that 81 percent completed their work fastest when music was played.And it matters what type of music you listen to.For instance，if you're doing your tax returns，then classical music is the most effective as it improves maths skills.‎ Listening to Jessie J or Justin Bieber could also improve your speed，with 58 percent of participants completing data entry tasks faster while listening to pop songs.During proofreading，dance music，such as David Guetta，had the biggest positive impact with participants increasing their speed by 20 percent compared to tests undertaken with no music at all.Dance music also had a positive effect on spellchecking with a 75 percent pass rate compared to 68 percent when no music was played at all.资*源%库 The research，undertaken by Brightonbased Mindlab International，suggests that silent offices may be the least productive.The Music Works experiment revealed a positive correlation between music and productivity.Overall，it showed that when listening to music，nine out of ten people performed better，said Dr David Lewis，chairman of Mindlab International.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇调查报告。音乐在人们的日常生活中起着重要的作用。研究表明，不同音乐对不同种类的工作有着不同的影响。‎ ‎1．Whose music can help you do maths homework according to the study?‎ A．The music of Justin Bieber.‎ B．The music of Mozart.‎ C．The music of David Guetta.‎ D．The music of David Lewis.‎ B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“classical music is the most effective as it improves maths skills”可知，古典乐对做与数学有关的事最有效。因此莫扎特的古典乐有助于你做数学作业。故B项正确。]‎ ‎2．Which of the following is NOT mentioned according to the passage?‎ A．Music makes you relaxed.‎ B．Music helps you to enter data faster.‎ C．Music improves maths skills.‎ D．Music has a positive effect on spellchecking.‎ A　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A new study suggests ...such as data entry”可排除B项；根据第二段中的“then classical music is the most effective as it improves maths skills”可排除C项；根据第三段中的“Dance music also had a positive effect on spellchecking”可排除D项。A项文中未提及。故A项正确。]‎ ‎3．The result of the experiment showed that when music was played，________．‎ A．88% of people worked faster B．81% of people did their most accurate work C．90% of people worked better D．75% of people completed data entry task faster C　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Overall，it showed that when listening to music，nine out of ten people performed better”可知，百分之九十的人在听着音乐时的表现更好。故C项正确。]‎ ‎4．What can we conclude from the passage?‎ A．Music may be helpless to people in office.‎ B．Silent offices can make people work better.‎ C．Different kinds of music have the same effect.‎ D．Silent offices may make people work least profitably.‎ D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句中的“silent offices may be the least productive”可知，研究表明在安静的办公室工作，人们的效率最低。故D项正确。] ‎ E ‎(2017·浙江省新高考名校信息卷)‎ My dearest son and daughter，‎ The story of New Jersey high school student Rachel Canning suing(起诉)her parents for child support and high school education inspired me to write you a little letter.Let me just put this out there：The only way I expect to see you in a court is as a lawyer or a judge.‎ There are two things about this case that seem to be disaster.‎ First，it's natural for parents and children to argue.I can guarantee that we will disagree.One or both of you will，at some point，scream at the top of your lungs the various ways you hate me.And I won't always like you, either.But I will always love you and do everything I can to keep your best interests as my focus，even when I'm so angry.We are family.That means we are as much a part of one another as the flesh，blood and bones in our body. And we all should think about it very deeply instead of breaking that bond.资*源%库 Second，I'll be honest, no matter how far apart we are on your life choices，your father and I will most certainly pay everything we can for your higher education.But that doesn't mean you deserve it.To be clear，that is a privilege we happily extend(给予)to you—not a right you are born with.And you will have to work hard to earn that privilege.Growing up is hard work.‎ If I do my job properly as your mother—and you do yours as my children—you would sooner get a job or two，and find a way to make your dreams come true than go to trial over what you think you have the right to.‎ Love always，‎ Mom ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一封书信。一个女孩因抚养费和大学费用问题将自己的父母告上了法庭。本文作者受此事件的启发，在信中告诉自己的孩子从此事件中应学到的两点教训。‎ ‎1．The mother writes this letter because she wants her children to ．‎ A．be prepared for education B．learn a lesson from the case C．take up the legal profession D．remember Rachel Canning ‎【解析】　推理判断题。‎ 该题提问的是母亲写这封信的原因。根据There are two things about this case that seem to be disaster.以及下文的内容可推知，妈妈给孩子写信是想要告诉孩子两个方面的道理，从而让孩子从这个案子中吸取教训。故选B。‎ ‎【答案】　B ‎2．When in disagreement, the mother expects her children not to ．‎ A．guarantee anything B．scream out their anger C．break the family bond D．forget their best interests ‎【解析】　细节理解题。‎ 该题提问的是当出现分歧时，母亲不希望看到的事情。根据And we all should think about it very deeply instead of breaking that bond.可知，妈妈希望在出现分歧的时候，双方都冷静下来反思，不要打断那份骨肉亲情。故选C。WWW.ziyuanku.com ‎【答案】　C ‎3．The mother thinks of parents' paying for their children's higher education as ．‎ A．a way in which children realize their dreams B．a test of whether parents love their children C．a privilege that children should earn D．a right that parents are born with ‎【解析】　细节理解题。WWW.ziyuanku.com 根据To be clear，that is a privilege we happily extend(给予) to you—not a right you are born with.And you will have to work hard to earn that privilege.可知，妈妈认为父母为孩子支付高等教育的费用是孩子应该努力争取的特权，而非孩子与生俱来的权利。故选C。‎ ‎【答案】　C F The ancient city of Chichen Itza in southern Mexico was one of the most powerful cities and one of the most powerful ancient cultures－the Maya.But today，no one lives there.It is only a group of old buildings.However，people from around the world still come to see it.People come to learn about its ancient culture，and the culture of the Mayan people.‎ The Mayan culture began almost 3，000 years ago and grew in parts of Central America.But about 1，000 years ago a group called the Itza invaded the city and built new parts of the city based on natural wells.They named the city Chichen Itza，which means “mouth of the well of the Itza”．‎ The most interesting structure in Chichen Itza is the Pyramid of Kukulcan(库库尔坎金字塔)，whose four sides all come together at one point at the top.Each side on the Pyramid of Kukulcan has 91 steps.And there is one more step at the top of the pyramid.The steps are as many as the days of a year.Some experts believe the Maya could have used this building to help them know when to plant crops.Each day the sun falls on a different step of the pyramid，which could be a way to follow the year.‎ The people of Chichen Itza especially designed one building to observe and study the movement of the stars and planets.Experts say that the observatory(天文台)is one of the most complex structures the Maya built.A set of steps went up and around the observatory tower.And there were windows in the tower.Each window had a purpose.Experts believe that a person looking through one of these windows could see particular stars on particular dates.The Maya might have believed that studying the stars could tell them the future.‎ Chichen Itza is now a UNESCO World Heritage site and an important part of the world's history.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了有着悠久历史和文化的古城——奇琴伊察的相关情况。‎ ‎1．Visitors came to the city of Chichen Itza to ．‎ A．view its beautiful scenery B．experience and explore the Mayan culture C．study and observe stars on the observatory D．learn something about when to plant crops ‎【解析】　细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句“People come to learn about its ancient culture，and the culture of the Mayan ‎ people.”可知，游客到奇琴伊察市来是为了体验和探索玛雅文化，即B项正确。WWW.ziyuanku.com ‎【答案】　B ‎2．Why did the invaders name the city “mouth of the well of the Itza”？‎ A．Because natural wells can be seen in the city.‎ B．Because the city is large in size.‎ C．Because the city is newlybuilt.‎ D．Because its location is vital.‎ ‎【解析】　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“built new parts of the city based on natural wells”可推知，这座城市之所以如此命名，是因为它有天然的井，即A项正确。‎ ‎【答案】　A ‎3．Which of the following is TRUE?WWW.ziyuanku.com$来&源：ziyuanku.com A．Chichen Itza is one of the world heritages today.‎ B．The Pyramid of Kukulcan has 364 steps.‎ C．Windows in the tower predict the weather in the future.‎ D．The city of Chichen Itza has a long history of 3，000 years.‎ ‎【解析】　细节理解题。根据最后一段“Chichen Itza is now a UNESCO World Heritage site and an important part of the world's history.”可知A项正确。根据第三段的前三句可知，库库尔坎金字塔有“4×91＋1＝365”个台阶，故B项错误；C项与文章第四段内容不符；根据第二段的第二、三句可知，Chichen Itza距今约1 000年，故D项错误。‎ ‎【答案】　A ‎4．What's the author's purpose of writing this passage?‎ A．To evaluate the Mayan culture.‎ B．To persuade readers to pay a visit to the Pyramid of Kukulcan.‎ C．To introduce the ancient city of Chichen Itza.‎ D．To present the development of the Mayan constructions.‎ ‎【解析】　写作意图题。本章主要介绍了古城——奇琴伊察的一些相关情况，故选C项。‎ ‎【答案】　C G ‎(2018·陕西宝鸡中学一调)‎ The Crowne Plaza Hotel in Copenhagen is offering a free meal to any guest who is able to produce electricity for the hotel on an exercise bike linked to a generator(发电机)．The idea is to get people fit and reduce their carbon footprint.Guests will have to produce at least 10 watt hours of electricity — ‎ roughly 15 minutes of cycling for someone of average fitness.Guests staying at Plaza Hotel will be given meal tickets worth 36 once they have produced 10 watt hours of electricity.The bicycles will have smart phones attached to the handlebars measuring how much power is being generated for the hotel.‎ The plan，a worldfirst，will start on 19 April and run for a year.Only guests staying at the hotel will be able to take part.Frederikke Toemmergaard，hotel spokeswoman，said，“Many of our visitors are business people who enjoy going to the gym.There might be people who will cycle just to get a free meal，but generally I don’t think people will take advantage of our programme.”‎ Copenhagen has a longstanding cycling tradition and 36% of locals cycle to work each day，one of the highest percentages in the world，according to the website visitcopenhagen.dk.US environmental website treehugger.com recently voted Copenhagen the world’s best city for cyclists.“Because Copenhagen is strongly connected with cycling，we felt the bicycle would work well as a symbol of the hotel’s green profile(形象)．”‎ If successful，the electric bicycle meal programme will be spread to all Crowne Plaza hotels in the UK，the hotel said in a statement.‎ ‎1．What is the main purpose of the free meal programme?‎ A．To promote the hotel’s green concept.‎ B．To make the city known to the world.‎ C．To attract people to the hotel restaurant.‎ D．To get guests to stay longer at the hotel.‎ ‎2．How can a participant get a free meal?‎ A．By becoming a professional cyclist.‎ B．By cycling to produce some electricity.‎ C．By linking a smart phone to a bicycle.‎ D．By monitoring his or her carbon footprint.‎ ‎3．Who are most likely to enter for the programme?‎ A．The poor local people.‎ B．The environment activists.‎ C．Healthconscious hotel guests.‎ D．Visitors fond of Copenhagen food.‎ ‎4．According to Paragraph 3，Copenhagen has one of the world’s .‎ A．best chain hotels B．greenest natural environments C．longest bike paths D．highest rates of people cycling to work 语篇解读　本文讲述了哥本哈根一家宾馆推出了一项骑自行车发电免餐计划。这项计划是为了增进人们的健康，宣传环保理念，如果成功，将会推广到英国所有的Crowne Plaza宾馆。‎ ‎1．A　[细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“The idea is to get people fit and reduce their carbon footprint.”可知，这个项目旨在让人们保持健康，并减少碳的排放量，即宣传酒店的绿色理念。故选A。]‎ ‎2．B　[细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“The Crowne Plaza Hotel in Copenhagen is offering a free meal to any guest who is able to produce electricity for the hotel on an exercise bike linked to a generator(发电机)．”可知，通过骑自行车为宾馆产生一些电能的人才能得到免费的一餐。故选B。]‎ ‎3．C　[细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Only guests staying at the hotel will be able to take part.”可知，只有住在酒店的客人才能参加这项活动。故选C。]‎ ‎4．D　[细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的“Copenhagen has a longstanding cycling tradition and 36% of locals cycle to work each day，one of the highest percentages in the world”可知，哥本哈根是世界上骑车上班比例最高的城市之一，故选D。]‎