2019届一轮复习人教版必修3Unit4

2019届一轮复习人教版必修3Unit4

‎2019届一轮复习人教版必修3Unit 4Astronomy:the science of the stars单元学案 基础知识默写篇 一、分层单词 ‎ 写作词汇 ‎1.　　　　 prep.与……不同;不像 ‎ ‎2.　　　　adv. 因此,于是 ‎ ‎3.　　　　adj.温和的;文雅的 ‎ ‎4.　　　　 n.气候 ‎ 阅读词汇 ‎1.astronomy n.　　　　　 ‎ ‎2.system n.　　　　　 ‎ ‎3.globe n.　　　　　 ‎ ‎4.atmosphere n.　　　　　 ‎ ‎5.fundamental adj.　　　　　 ‎ ‎6.chain n.　　　　　 ‎ ‎7.multiply vt.& vi.　　　　　 ‎ ‎8.gravity n.　　　　　 ‎ ‎9.satellite n.　　　　　 ‎ ‎10.physicist n.　　　　　 ‎ ‎11.crash vi.&vt.　　　　　 ‎ ‎12.spaceship n.　　　　　 ‎ ‎13.pull n.&vt.　　　　　 ‎ ‎14.float vi.&vt.& n.　　　　　 ‎ ‎15.oxygen n.　　 ‎ 拓展词汇 ‎1.　　　　adj.猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的→　　　　 n.暴力→　　　　adv. 暴力地;猛烈地 ‎ ‎2.　　　　adj.有害的→　　　　 n.& v.伤害→　　　　  ‎ adj.无害的 ‎3.　　　　 vi.存在;生存→　　　　n.存在;生存 ‎ ‎4.　　　　 vi.&vt.(使)迷惑;(使)为难 n.谜;难题→　　　　adj.迷惑不解的→　　　　adj.令人迷惑的 ‎ ‎5.　　　　 n.生物学→　　　　 n.生物学家 ‎ 二、高频短语 ‎ ‎1.　　　　　　及时;终于 ‎ ‎2.　　　　　　熟悉;掌握;理解 ‎ ‎3.　　　　　　产生;分娩 ‎ ‎4.　　　　　　轮到某人 ‎ ‎5.　　　　　　阻止;制止 ‎ ‎6.　　　　　　感到高兴;感到振奋 ‎ ‎7.　　　　　　既然 ‎ ‎8.　　　　　　突发;爆发 ‎ ‎9.　　　　　　密切注意;当心;提防 ‎ ‎10.　　　　　　挡住(光线) ‎ 三、经典句型 ‎1.This produced a chain reaction,which 　　　　　　(使生命的发展成为可能).  ‎ ‎2.　　　　　　　　　(很多科学家所相信的是)the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.  ‎ ‎3.Last month I 　　　　　　　　　(我足够有幸有机会)to make a trip into space with my friend Li Yanping, an astronomer. ‎ ‎4.When we get closer to the moon,we shall feel its gravity pulling us,but it will 　　　　　　　　　(不像地球的引力那么大).  ‎ ‎5.But when I tried to step forward,I found I was carried　　　　　　　　　(地球上的两倍远)and fell over. ‎ ‎6....walking does need a bit of practice 　　　　　　(既然重力改变了). ‎ 基础知识运用篇 一、语境词汇运用 ‎(一)词汇拼写(注意单词或短语的形式变化)‎ ‎1.Worse still, being addicted to cellphones might also lead to teenagers’ poor performance at school, 　　　(因此)adding to their elders’ worries. ‎ ‎2.The final of the match was going on in an exciting 　　　 (气氛) and won hearty applause at times. ‎ ‎3.She 　　　 (拉;拖) him gently towards her just now. ‎ ‎4.Some 　　　 (基本的) mistakes are not allowed to make when you are doing the work. ‎ ‎5.As we know, the earth is becoming warmer and warmer due to the global 　　　(气候)change. ‎ ‎6.　　　 (不像) most people in the office who come to work by car, I usually come to work by bus. ‎ ‎7.When the Chinese women volleyball team turned up, all the fans 　　　　　　(感到振奋). ‎ ‎8.Please tell me when Mr. Smith is arriving at the train station so that I can pick him up 　　　　　　(及时). ‎ ‎9.Once he has made up his mind, no one can 　　　him 　　　(阻止)carrying out the plan. ‎ ‎10.At last the firefighters put out the fire in the supermarket, which 　　　　　　(突发;爆发)at ten this morning. ‎ ‎11.You’ve made me suffer in the past, so now you, 　　　　　　　　　(轮到你), suffer again! ‎ ‎12.She married at 17 and 　　　　　　　　　(分娩)her first child shortly after. ‎ ‎13.She bought a heavy curtain to 　　　　　　(挡住)the light. ‎ ‎(二)单句填空 ‎1.He often says that he doesn’t believe in any 　　　 (religious) and only believes in himself. ‎ ‎2.The factory gives off 　　　gases. They may do 　　　to our health.(harm) ‎ ‎3.Do you believe the 　　　 of ghosts? Perhaps they only 　　　in the minds of some people.(exist) ‎ ‎4.The 　　　look on her face suggested she was 　　　 about the　　　 math problem.(puzzle) ‎ ‎5.The robbers hit them 　　　. They couldn’t bear it any more so they decided to answer 　　　 with 　　　 and began their 　　　fightback. (violent) ‎ 二、经典句型仿写 ‎1.了解唐朝的历史会使你更容易理解唐诗。(形式宾语it)(2017课标全国Ⅰ书面表达)‎ Knowing the history of the Tang Dynasty　　　　　　　 Tang poems. ‎ ‎2.请给予他们鼓励,让他们和你们一样过着丰富多彩而充实的生活。(as+adj.+a/an+n.+as)‎ Please give them encouragement　　　　　　　　　you do.  ‎ ‎3.新图书馆是旧图书馆的4倍大。(倍数+as...as...)‎ The new library is　　　　　　　　　the old one.  ‎ ‎4.既然大家都到齐了,我们可以开始开会了。(now that) ‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　, we can begin the meeting. ‎ 单元综合能力测试 ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Nearly every driver has experienced that feeling of great tiredness, where it becomes almost impossible to stay awake at the wheel. 14yearold Katherine Wu is too young to have experienced this situation firsthand. However, she noticed how difficult it was for her dad to remain awake while driving back from their family vacations in Florida to their home in Maryland. Her mom had to talk to her dad all the way.‎ ‎“So I created a tool that can be used instead of my mom talking to my dad to make sure he stays awake and is safe，” she says. ‎ Her invention, “Driver's Companion”， can notice driver sleepiness and warn the driver if he or she is too tired to be on the road.‎ The user wears a headset (耳机), which sends information about the driver's brain waves (脑电波) to a tiny computer. The computer can be placed in front of the driver. The system then gives warnings, if needed. As the driver becomes sleepier, red color will be shown to warn him or her. The driver will also hear messages warning him to get off the road. The machine can say, “You're tired. Please take a break.”‎ After sending her invention to the 2014 Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge, Wu was chosen as a finalist and was able to work with Dr. Jesse Miller, who is a product development specialist.‎ ‎“He helped me understand how important it is to make sure that my invention worked for the people who were using it and that it was userfriendly，” Wu says.‎ As a young scientist, Wu has some advice for other students of her age: “I would like to tell them that they should choose something they're interested in. So they'll be willing to spend more time on it and enjoy working on it more. Also, when there's difficulty, they should just continue working hard because they'll get over it.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一个美国女孩发明了一种防止疲劳驾驶的装置。‎ ‎1．Why did Wu's mother talk to her dad all the way?‎ A．To prevent an accident.‎ B．To help him feel relaxed.‎ C．To discuss their vacations.‎ D．To make the trip enjoyable.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。由第一段中的“she noticed how difficult it was for her dad to remain awake while driving back”可知，Wu的母亲为了防止意外发生，一路上不断地跟Wu的父亲说话以使其保持清醒，故选A。‎ ‎2．What is the purpose of “Driver's Companion”？‎ A．To show drivers the way.‎ B．To prevent drunk driving.‎ C．To improve driving skills.‎ D．To help drivers stay awake.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。由第三段中的“‘Driver's Companion’， can notice driver sleepiness and warn the driver if he or she is too tired to be on the road”可知，“司机伙伴”能够让司机保持清醒，故选D。‎ ‎3．Which of the following shows how Driver's Companion works?‎ A．Sleepiness→Headset→Warnings→Computer B．Sleepiness→Warnings→Headset→Computer C．Sleepiness→Headset→Computer→Warnings D．Sleepiness→Computer→Headset→Warnings 解析：选C　细节理解题。由第四段中的相关内容可知，C项正确描述了“司机伙伴”的工作顺序。‎ ‎4．Wu advises other young students ________.‎ A．to enjoy their lives B．to learn to love science C．not to do dangerous jobs D．not to give up what they love 解析：选D　细节理解题。由最后一段中的“they should choose something they're interested in”和最后一句可知，Wu建议其他学生要敢于选择自己感兴趣的事情并且坚持做下去，故选D。‎ B About three decades ago, China was known as the “Bicycle Kingdom”．But the twowheeled transport's popularity began to fade, with many bikes soon replaced by their fuelpowered competitors.‎ But recent months have seen a renaissance of the bike across China, with an increasing number of people choosing cycling instead of driving to schools, to workplaces or to do sightseeing.The introduction of bikesharing schemes, first developed by new companies like Ofo and Mobike, has brought the trend to a new level.According to data from iResearch Consulting Group, the first week of this ‎ year saw 5.85 million active users of Mobike while Ofo had 1.4 million active users.‎ People can unlock the shared bikes by simply using their smartphones.The bikes are equipped with GPS and can be left anywhere in public places for the next user.They're popular among many Chinese people as they provide an effective answer to the “last mile” problem, which refers to a person's final journey.“In places where the subway doesn't reach and where it's difficult to change from one kind of transport to another, it's so easy to get where you want to go with Mobike，” Hu Hong, 29, said.She rides a bike to work.‎ However, the schemes have also led to problems such as illegal parking, vandalism (故意破坏) and theft.“Bikesharing is a greener method of transportation and provides a userfriendly experience，” said Liu Xiaoming, ViceMinister of Transport.“But it's a combination of online and offline business.Operators are usually strong in online services, but lack offline business experience.”‎ In fact, these problems are also shared by bikesharing schemes abroad.Set up in 2007, Vélib is a largescale public bike sharing system in Paris.By October, 2009, a large number of Vélib's initial bikes had to be replaced due to vandalism or theft.Bikes were found hanging from lampposts (街灯柱) or thrown into the Seine River.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。共享单车在中国兴起，这种创新的交通方式让人们的出行变得更便利的同时也存在着诸多问题。‎ ‎5．What can we learn about Ofo and Mobike from the text?‎ A．Their bikes are aimed at people who can't afford a car.‎ B．They are pioneers in the field of bike sharing in China.‎ C．There are 7.25 million people using their bikes this year.‎ D．No other bikesharing system in the world can match theirs.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。由第二段的“The introduction of bikesharing schemes, first developed by new companies like Ofo and Mobike”可知，Ofo和Mobike是最早把单车共享方案引入中国的公司，也就是说，它们是中国单车共享领域内的开辟者。‎ ‎6．Why are shared bikes convenient according to Hu Hong?‎ A．They can be shared by a lot of different people.‎ B．They allow people to use various forms of transport.‎ C．They are a useful addition to other means of transport.‎ D．They are accessible as long as people have smartphones.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。由第三段Hu Hong的话可知，在地铁到不了的地方和难以更换交通方式的地方，共享单车可以轻易地带你去任何你想去的地方；由此可以推知，她认为共享单车方便是因为它们是对其他交通方式有用的补充。‎ ‎7．What do we know about the existing problems with bike sharing?‎ A．They are actually universal phenomena.‎ B．They are brought by bikesharing users.‎ C．They are mainly caused by the operators.‎ D．They are the results of illegal companies.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。由最后两段尤其是最后一段的“these problems are also shared by bikesharing schemes abroad”可知，单车共享存在的问题是一种国内外都普遍的现象。‎ ‎8．What could be the best title for the text?‎ A．What problems does bike sharing face in China?‎ B．Bike sharing: a new battle begins in China C．Why is bike sharing popular in China?‎ D．Bike sharing is booming in China 解析：选D　标题归纳题。阅读全文可知，本文主要介绍了共享单车在中国兴起的情况，并说明了它的好处与随之而来的问题。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 In the middle of town lived an old man. One day he __1__ his watch in his own store. It was __2__ to him because it was from his wife. After searching __3__ in the store for a long while, he __4__ to ask for help from a group of children playing outside the store. He __5__ them that the person who found it would be ‎ rewarded. __6__ this, the children hurried inside the store, went through and around the __7__ store, but still could not find the watch.‎ Soon the man felt hopeless and wanted to __8__. A little boy went up to him and asked for another __9__. The man looked at him and thought, “Why not? __10__， this kid looks sincere enough.”__11__ the man sent him back in the store. After a while the boy __12__ with the watch in his hand! The man was very __13__， and he asked the boy how he found it while the others had __14__. The boy replied, “I did nothing but sat on the ground and __15__. Then I heard the ticking (滴答声) of the watch and just looked for it in that __16__.”‎ We usually think about our own needs, which can't bring peace into our mind. __17__ we need to think about ourselves and keep peaceful for a while, which can produce a __18__ result. So allow a few minutes of __19__ to your mind every day, and see how it helps you deal with your work and make __20__ as you expect to!‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者主要通过找表这样一个小故事告诉我们给自己的大脑片刻宁静非常重要。‎ ‎1．A.lost　　　　　　　　　　 B．broke C．hid D．fixed 解析：选A　由下文的“searching”“found”以及“still could not find the watch”可知，他把表弄“丢了(lost)”。‎ ‎2．A.close B．strange C．similar D．important 解析：选D　由该空后的“because it was from his wife”可知，这块表对他来说非常“重要(important)”。‎ ‎3．A.young and old B．heavy and light C．high and low D．black and white 解析：选C　这位老人在店里“上上下下(high and low)”找了个遍。‎ ‎4．A.forgot B．decided C．agreed D．learned 解析：选B　由下文孩子们进店找表的行为可知，他“决定(decided)”让在店外玩耍的孩子们进来帮忙。‎ ‎5．A.warned B．taught C．worried D．promised 解析：选D　由该空后的“the person who found it would be rewarded”可知，他向孩子们“承诺(promised)”：谁找到了表，就有奖赏。‎ ‎6．A.Hearing B．Seeing C．Wearing D．Feeling 解析：选A　“听到(Hearing)”他的承诺，孩子们冲进了店里。‎ ‎7．A.big B．dirty C．whole D．busy 解析：选C　孩子们为了找到表，搜遍了“整个(whole)”店。‎ ‎8．A.set off B．give up C．calm down D．show off 解析：选B　由该空前的“the man felt hopeless”可知，他想要“放弃(give up)”了。‎ ‎9．A.date B．reason C．meeting D．chance 解析：选D　由下文的“the man sent him back in the store”可知，一个小男孩请老人再给他一次“机会(chance)”。‎ ‎10．A.After all B．So far C．At first D．As usual 解析：选A　由该空前后内容可知，这里是说：为什么不呢？“毕竟(After all)”这个孩子看上去十分真诚。‎ ‎11．A.But B．Or C．So D．Unless 解析：选C　老人认为这个孩子真诚，因此又让他进了店，前后之间是因果关系，故填So。‎ ‎12．A.ran away B．came out C．fell down D．went back 解析：选B　由上文的“the man sent him back in the store”可知，过了一会儿，小男孩手里握着表“出来(came out)”了。‎ ‎13．A.angry B．proud C．nervous D．surprised 解析：选D　看到自己的表被找到了，这位老人十分“惊喜(surprised)”。‎ ‎14．A.failed B．finished C．regretted D．doubted 解析：选A　由上文内容可知，其他孩子都没有找到表而这个小男孩成功了，故填failed。‎ ‎15．A.played B．waited C．listened D．watched 解析：选C　由该空后的“Then I heard the ticking (滴答声) of the watch”可知，这个小男孩坐在地上开始仔细地“听(listened)”。‎ ‎16．A.station B．direction C．situation D．darkness 解析：选B　听到手表的滴答声，然后朝着那个“方向(direction)”找去。‎ ‎17．A.Luckily B．Possibly C．Besides D．Instead 解析：选D　我们往往只考虑自己的需求，这样就无法让我们的心平静下来。“相反(Instead)”，我们应该从自身的角度去想一想，这样才会带来“好的(good)”结果。‎ ‎18．A.clear B．good C．direct D．natural 解析：选B　参见上题解析。‎ ‎19．A.silence B．exercise C．pleasure D．conversation 解析：选A　由上文的“keep peaceful for a while”可知，这里是说给自己的大脑片刻“宁静(silence)”。‎ ‎20．A.noises B．sense C．progress D．mistakes 解析：选C　由该空前的“helps you deal with your work”和该空后的“as you expect to”可知，这里是说取得“进步(progress)”。‎ 答案精解精析 基础知识默写篇 一、分层单词 写作词汇 ‎1.unlike　2.thus　3.gentle　4.climate 阅读词汇 ‎1.天文学　2.系统;体系;制度　3.球体;地球仪;地球　4.大气层;气氛 ‎5.基本的;基础的　6.链子;连锁;锁链　7.乘;增加　8.万有引力;重力 ‎9.卫星;人造卫星　10.物理学家　11.碰撞;坠落　12.宇宙飞船　13.拉(力);拖;牵引力　14.(使)浮动;(使)漂浮;漂浮物　15.氧 拓展词汇 ‎1.violent;violence;violently　2.harmful;harm;harmless　3.exist;existence ‎4.puzzle;puzzled;puzzling　5.biology;biologist 二、高频短语 ‎1.in time　2.get the hang of　3.give birth to　4.in one's turn　5.prevent...from　6.cheer up　7.now that　8.break out　9.watch out for　10.block out 三、经典句型 ‎1.made it possible for life to develop　2.What many scientists believe is that ‎3.was lucky enough to have a chance　4.not be as strong a pull as the earth's　5.twice as far as on the earth　6.now that gravity has changed 基础知识运用篇 一、语境词汇运用 ‎(一)词汇拼写 ‎1.thus　2.atmosphere　3.pulled　4.fundamental　5.climate ‎6.Unlike　7.cheered up　8.in time　9.prevent;from　10.broke out ‎11.in your turn　12.gave birth to　13.block out ‎(二)单句填空 ‎ ‎1.religion　2.harmful;harm　3.existence;exist　4.puzzled;puzzled;puzzling　5.violently;violence;violence;violent 二、经典句型仿写 ‎1.will make it easier for you to understand　2.to live as rich and full a life as ‎3.four times as large as　4.Now that everybody is here