2016高考英语语法填空微技能专项学案

2016高考英语语法填空微技能专项学案

高考英语语法填空微技能专项学习第一课时学案 ‎ 2015-11-18‎ 语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考查学生对语法和词汇的运用能力，语法填空分两种形式：纯空格填空题和提示性填空题。这里先讲第一种情况：纯空格填空题。‎ 做此类题时，首先，分析句子结构，确定填哪类词，然后根据句子的意思，确定具体填什么词，具体分析方法有：‎ 一、限定词 若名词前是空格，且没有限定词，很可能是填冠词、形容词性物主代词或some、any、other、another等限定词；有的名词前有限定词，比如：序数词，形容词的最高级等，其前用定冠词。‎ 例1：‎ ‎【2015课标II】 The adobe dwellings built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even ______ most modern of architects and engineers.‎ 例2：‎ ‎【2015广东】He owned ______ farm, which looked almost abandoned.‎ 例3：‎ ‎【2010广东】 After the student left, the teacher let ______ student taste the water.‎ ‎ ‎ 二、代词 如果句子中缺少主语或宾语，一定是填写代词。代词可以代替人和事物的名称。如果上文出现过某人或某事物，下文中再次提起时，可以不重复，用代词代替人和事物的名称。‎ 例1：‎ ‎【2014广东】 Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said ______ was a wonderful holiday destination.‎ 例2：‎ ‎【2010广东】He asked his teacher, “Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like ______?”‎ 三、介词 如果名词或代词前是空格，而该名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语、或动词的宾语，很可能是填介词。‎ 例1：‎ ‎【2015课标I】 For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away ______ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.‎ 例2：‎ ‎【2015课标II】 When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day; ______ the same time, they warm up again for the night.‎ 四、并列连词 若两个或几个单词、短语或句子之间没有连词，并且是并列的关系，可能填写并列连词。‎ 例1：‎ ‎【2014课标II】 There were many people waiting at the bus stop, ______ some of them looked very anxious and disappointed.‎ 例2：‎ ‎【2014课标I】 But the river wasn’t changed in a few days ______ even a few months.‎ 五、状语从句的连词 如果两个句子出现（一套主谓关系算一个句子），其中一个句子前有空格，就要考虑两个句子之间的关系。如果两个句子之间没有分号，也没有句号，很可能前面带空格的句子就是一个从句。根据句意判断其是什么样的从句，从而选择合适的从属连词。‎ 例1：‎ ‎【2012广东】 ______he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong.‎ 例2：‎ ‎【2011广东】 My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me ______ the bus arrived.‎ 六、名词性从句的连词 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，名词性从句无论作什么成分，其前必须有连接词，连接词that有时候可以省略。‎ 例1：‎ ‎【2015课标II】As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly ______ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.‎ 例2：‎ ‎【2014广东】 I didn’t understand ______ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.‎ 七、定语从句的关系词 定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况，它需要放在被修饰的词（即先行词）之后。因此当所填空前有一个名词时，且空指代的是名词，那么名词后的从句前应该填写关系词。‎ 例：‎ ‎【2015课标I】 I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River ______ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.‎ 八、疑问代词、疑问副词等 判断句子是否用特殊疑问词时，根据语境来确定，并考虑用什么样的疑问词。‎ 例：‎ ‎【2013广东】 His son looked surprised, “I can understand why I shouldn’t pay too much, Father, but if I can pay less, not save a bit of money?”‎ 九、it的用法 It可以作形式主语、形式宾语；虚义it。‎ 例：‎ ‎【2009广东】 She remembered how difficult was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.‎ 十、强调结构、倒装句的功能词等 注意考查强调结构中的that、who的一些固定结构，倒装结构的功能词等。若句子结构完整，空格后的动词是原形，很可能是填写情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词。‎ 例：‎ ‎【2014课标II】Then the driver stood up and asked, “ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop? ”‎ 总之，以上讲解了语法填空题的部分微技能，例题都来自于高考真题，具有代表性。无论试题如何变化，万变不离其宗，只要牢固掌握英语的语法和词汇知识，就一定能做好语法填空题中的纯空格填空题。‎ 书面表达 ‎ 高考英语书面面表达半开放提问求助信 Lora是一名高中生，她想在暑假期间做兼职， 但是她的父母不同意，给编辑写了封信，内容如下 Dear Anna：‎ I’m a senior high school student and I want to work part-time this summer. I think it is good to do so. But my parents don't agree with me. They think I should concentrate my energy on independent study. They also worry about my personal safety. I just can't understand them. I need your advice. Lora请你以报社编辑的身份给Lora写一封回信，提出建议，让她说服她的父母并实现自己的愿望。 以下是回信的主要内容，根据所给提示，翻译下列勺子。 1.挣些钱供养自己，培养独立意识。（a sense of independence） 2.你能获得工作技能，提高能力，应付各种挑战。 3.兼职工作可给你提供与他人合作的机会。 4.告诉父母你能设法处理好一切事情。（properly） ‎ ‎1. Make some money to support yourself and develop a sense of independence. ‎ ‎2. You can learn working skills, improve your ability and deal with various challenges. ‎ ‎3. Part-time jobs provide you with a chance to cooperate with others. ‎ ‎4. Tell your parents that you can manage everything properly. ‎ 高考英语语法填空微技能专项学习第二课时学案 ‎ 2015-11-18‎ ‎——真题分析：信息提示题真题分析 在做语法填空题时，除了知道纯空格填空的解题技巧外，也必须知道如何做空格中有提示信息的填空题。以下是如何做此类题的具体方法：‎ 一、名词 名词用单数还是复数，应该看一下名词前面的修饰语，或动词的单复数形式。‎ 例1：【2015课标I】 I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese ______ (painting).‎ 例2：【2014课标I】 While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the ______ (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.  ‎ 二、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 遇到空中有形容词或副词时，要根据语境确定该词是否有比较的含义，尤其看看其后面有没有标志词than。‎ 例：【2015课标I】 Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is ______ (clean) than ever.‎ ‎ ‎ 三、词性转换 词性转换是指同一词根派生出的名词、形容词、副词、动词以及反义词等词。可以根据该词在句子中的所作的成分，确定该词的转换形式。‎ 例1：【2015课标II】In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ______ (able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.‎ 例2：【2015课标II】 As ______ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.‎ 例3：【2015课标II】 Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat ______ (slow) during cool nights, thus warming the house.‎ ‎ ‎ 例4.【2014课标I】Just be ______ (patience).‎ ‎ ‎ 四、动词的单复数 当空格的提示词给的是动词原形时，除了考虑它的时态和语态外，还要考虑它的单复数形式，在这种情况下，主要看主语。‎ 例1：【2015课标II】 This cycle ______ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the outside temperatures.‎ 例2：【2015课标I】Yangshuo ______ (be) really beautiful.‎ 五、时态和语态 如果空中所给的信息词是动词，空前是名词或代词，比较复杂的时候是动名词、不定式或者主语从句，那么这个空缺少谓语，所以要根据上下文判断动词的时态和语态。‎ 例：【2015课标I】 It was raining lightly when I ______ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.‎ 六、非谓语动词 如果句中（一套主谓结构）已有谓语动词，所给动词不是该谓语的并列谓语，那么该动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定是v.-ing形式、v.-ed形式或不定式。用非谓语动词的形式一定要考虑它与其逻辑主语之间的关系。‎ 例1：‎ ‎【2015课标II】 When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough ______ (cool) the house during the hot day; at the same time, they warm up again for the night.‎ 例2：‎ ‎【2015课标I】 Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people ______ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.‎ 例3：‎ ‎【2015课标I】 A study of travelers ______ (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.‎ 例4：‎ ‎【2010广东】 He spit it out, ______ (say) it was awful.‎ 总之，做有提示词填空的题，要注意动词的时态和语态及非谓语动词的填写。因此建议教师在平时讲课的过程中加强学生对时态、语态、非谓语动词的掌握，让学生多记忆词汇，这样就能轻松做好语法填空信息提示题。‎ 一、考查介词后的动词用-ing分词 根据英语语法，介词后接动词作宾语时，用作宾语的动词原则上要用动名词。‎ ‎【典例】One morning，I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about____(be) late for school.（2014年新课标II卷）‎ ‎【练习】 阅读下面句子，用括号内单词的正确形式填空。‎ ‎1. She rested for two weeks after____ (be) in the hospital.‎ ‎2. I'm against____ (do) anything till the police arrive.‎ ‎3. The only way to tell if you like something is by____ (try) it ‎4. The skill of ____ (speak) a foreign language takes time to acquire.‎ ‎5. He stood in the door for several minutes before____ (decide) whether he’d stay.‎ 二、考查习惯上后接-ing分词做宾语的动词 有些动词后接另一动词作宾语时．作宾语的动词习惯上要用动名词，不能用不定式，比较典型的有admit, advise, allow, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, finish ,forbid, give up, imagine, keep, mind, miss, permit, practice , suggest等。‎ ‎【典例】‎ ‎【 Still, the boy kept ____ (ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting.（2014年新课标II卷）‎ ‎【练习】【阅读下面句子，用括号内单词的正确形式填空。‎ ‎1. The teacher keeps ____ (tell) his students that the future belongs to the well-educated.‎ ‎2 They shouldn’t allow____ (park) here; the street is too narrow.‎ ‎3 Her illness just an excuse to avoid ____ (see) him.‎ ‎4 It is one thing to enjoy ____ (listen) to good music, but it is quite another to play it well yourself.‎ ‎5 I hate to ask you this, but would you mind____(give) me a lift home?‎ 三、考查具有形容词性质的-ed分词和-ing分词的区别 有些动词的-ed分词和-ing分词具有形容词的性质，但由于它们用法区别很大．且同学们在使用时常常用混．所它也是语法填空的考查点之一。‎ ‎【典例】While there are____(amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be patient（2014年新课标Ⅰ卷）‎ ‎【练习】1. This is a very____ (interest)book. I’ll buy it, however much it may cost.‎ ‎2. I don't think this film is by far the most____ (bore). I have seen worse.‎ ‎3. I don't really like the author, but I have to admit his books are very____ (excite).‎ ‎4. The____ (shock) news made me realize what terrible problems we would face.‎ ‎5. With on one to turn to in such a____ (frighten) situation, she felt very helpless.‎ 四、考查-ing分词派生词的用法 由动词派出来的-ing分词有时可以名词化，变成名词——这也是高考英语语法填空的考点之一。‎ ‎【典例】One of my father's favorite____(say) as I was growing up was “Try it”（2014年大纲样卷）‎ ‎【练习】‎ 阅读下面句子，用括号内单词的正确形式填空。‎ ‎1. We'll reach the sales targets in a month which we set at the____ (begin) of the year.‎ ‎2. If you want to find the____ (mean) of the word, look it up in a dictionary.‎ ‎3. Jenny nearly missed the flight as result of doing too much____ (shop).‎ ‎4. When you finish reading this book, you will have a better____ (undertand) of life.‎ ‎5. A number of high____ (build) have arisen where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.‎ 五、考查-ing分词派生词副词的用法 具有形容词性质的-ing分词，原则上不能修饰形容词、副词或动词，遇此情况应考虑将具有形容词性质的-ing分词变成副词·即在其后加上副词后缀-ly。‎ ‎【典例】‎ When we were wondering what to do，the manager came out. She was ____ (surprise) helpful.（2014年广东卷）‎ ‎【练习】‎ 阅读下面句子，用括号内单词的正确形式填空。‎ ‎1. With online shopping ____ (increase) popular, the Internet is seen as an efficient way of reaching target customers.‎ ‎2. One of his charms was his ability to talk____ (amuse) on any topic.‎ ‎3. The World Wide Web is sometimes____ (joke) called the World Wide Wait because it can be very slow.‎ ‎4 John's aunt died suddenly and left him a____ (surprise) large sum.‎ ‎5 The report argues ____ (convince) that economic help should be given to these countries.‎ 参考答案 高考英语语法填空微技能专项学习 2015-11-18‎ 语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考查学生对语法和词汇的运用能力，语法填空分两种形式：纯空格填空题和提示性填空题。这里先讲第一种情况：纯空格填空题。‎ 做此类题时，首先，分析句子结构，确定填哪类词，然后根据句子的意思，确定具体填什么词，具体分析方法有：‎ 一、限定词 若名词前是空格，且没有限定词，很可能是填冠词、形容词性物主代词或some、any、other、another等限定词；有的名词前有限定词，比如：序数词，形容词的最高级等，其前用定冠词。‎ 例1：‎ ‎【2015课标II】 The adobe dwellings built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even ______ most modern of architects and engineers.‎ 答案与分析：the。这里名词由形容词的最高级修饰，因此用定冠词。‎ 例2：‎ ‎【2015广东】He owned ______ farm, which looked almost abandoned.‎ 答案与分析：a。名词farm前应该有冠词，因为在文章中第一次出现，所以用不定冠词。‎ 例3：‎ ‎【2010广东】 After the student left, the teacher let ______ student taste the water.‎ 答案与分析：another。上文谈到一个学生让老师品尝他从沙漠里带了来的泉水，当那个学生离开后，老师让另一个学生品尝这泉水的味道。根据语境这里填写限定词another。‎ 二、代词 如果句子中缺少主语或宾语，一定是填写代词。代词可以代替人和事物的名称。如果上文出现过某人或某事物，下文中再次提起时，可以不重复，用代词代替人和事物的名称。‎ 例1：‎ ‎【2014广东】 Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said ______ was a wonderful holiday destination.‎ 答案与分析：it。第二个句子中的宾语从句缺主语，这里it代替前文提到过的Miami。‎ 例2：‎ ‎【2010广东】He asked his teacher, “Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like ______?”‎ 答案与分析：it。这个句子缺宾语，用it代替前文提到过的物water。‎ 三、介词 如果名词或代词前是空格，而该名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语、或动词的宾语，很可能是填介词。‎ 例1：‎ ‎【2015课标I】 For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away ______ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.‎ 答案与分析：by。这里的car不作主语、表语或动词的宾语，可以看出其前面应该填写介词，这里的介词短语作状语。‎ 例2：‎ ‎【2015课标II】 When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day; ______ the same time, they warm up again for the night.‎ 答案与分析：at。at the same time是固定搭配。‎ 四、并列连词 若两个或几个单词、短语或句子之间没有连词，并且是并列的关系，可能填写并列连词。‎ 例1：‎ ‎【2014课标II】 There were many people waiting at the bus stop, ______ some of them looked very anxious and disappointed.‎ 答案与分析：and。“There were many people waiting at the bus stop”是个完整的句子，“some of them looked very anxious and disappointed.”也是个完整的句子，两句之间是并列关系。‎ 例2：‎ ‎【2014课标I】 But the river wasn’t changed in a few days ______ even a few months.‎ 答案与分析：or。a few days和a few months是两个并列的短语。‎ 五、状语从句的连词 如果两个句子出现（一套主谓关系算一个句子），其中一个句子前有空格，就要考虑两个句子之间的关系。如果两个句子之间没有分号，也没有句号，很可能前面带空格的句子就是一个从句。根据句意判断其是什么样的从句，从而选择合适的从属连词。‎ 例1：‎ ‎【2012广东】 ______he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong.‎ 答案与分析：Although/Though。这里有两个句子，“______ he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back”和“he was wrong.”，且两个句子之间没有分号或句号，根据句意可知，第一个句子是让步状语从句。‎ 例2：‎ ‎【2011广东】 My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me ______ the bus arrived.‎ 答案与分析：until/till。这里有两个句子“My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me”和“______ the bus arrived.”第二个句子前有空，根据句意可知，第二个句子是时间状语从句。‎ 六、名词性从句的连词 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，名词性从句无论作什么成分，其前必须有连接词，连接词that有时候可以省略。‎ 例1：‎ ‎【2015课标II】As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly ______ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.‎ 答案与分析：how。因为“...the Pueblo Indians figured out”和“...the adobe walls needed to be...”是两套主谓关系，即两个句子，它们之间没有句号或分号，空格处必定是填连词；根据句意，确定填写连词how。‎ 例2：‎ ‎【2014广东】 I didn’t understand ______ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.‎ 答案与分析：why。“I didn’t understand”和“this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.”是两套主谓关系，即两个句子，它们之间没有句号或分号，空格处必定是填连词；根据句意，确定填写连词why。‎ 七、定语从句的关系词 定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况，它需要放在被修饰的词（即先行词）之后。因此当所填空前有一个名词时，且空指代的是名词，那么名词后的从句前应该填写关系词。‎ 例：‎ ‎【2015课标I】 I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River ______ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.‎ 答案与分析：that/which。这里有两套主谓关系，“I’d skipped nearby Guilin...”和“are pictured...”， 两句之间没有句号或分号，空格处必定是填连词或关系词；根据句子结构，第二个句子少主语，先行词是Guilin，根据定语从句中关系词的使用规则，这里填写that/which。‎ 八、疑问代词、疑问副词等 判断句子是否用特殊疑问词时，根据语境来确定，并考虑用什么样的疑问词。‎ 例：‎ ‎【2013广东】 His son looked surprised, “I can understand why I shouldn’t pay too much, Father, but if I can pay less, not save a bit of money?”‎ 答案与分析：why。上文谈到父亲让儿子去买盐，告诉儿子付钱的时候不可以多付。也不可以少付。儿子不解地问：“如果我能少付钱的话，为什么我不省点钱呢？”‎ 九、it的用法 It可以作形式主语、形式宾语；虚义it。‎ 例：‎ ‎【2009广东】 She remembered how difficult was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.‎ 答案与分析：it。这里it在宾语从句中作形式主语，从句中真正的主语是动词不定式“to choose...”。‎ 十、强调结构、倒装句的功能词等 注意考查强调结构中的that、who的一些固定结构，倒装结构的功能词等。若句子结构完整，空格后的动词是原形，很可能是填写情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词。‎ 例：‎ ‎【2014课标II】Then the driver stood up and asked, “ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop? ”‎ 答案与分析：Did。根据本句中last stop可知，句子的时态应该是过去时态，因此一般疑问句的助动词是did。‎ 总之，以上讲解了语法填空题的部分微技能，例题都来自于高考真题，具有代表性。无论试题如何变化，万变不离其宗，只要牢固掌握英语的语法和词汇知识，就一定能做好语法填空题中的纯空格填空题。‎ ‎——真题分析：信息提示题真题分析 在做语法填空题时，除了知道纯空格填空的解题技巧外，也必须知道如何做空格中有提示信息的填空题。以下是如何做此类题的具体方法：‎ 一、名词 名词用单数还是复数，应该看一下名词前面的修饰语，或动词的单复数形式。‎ 例1：‎ ‎【2015课标I】 I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese ______ (painting).‎ 答案与分析：paintings。该词前面有限定词many，因此用复数形式。‎ 例2：‎ ‎【2014课标I】 While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the ______ (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. 答案与分析：changes。该词后面的动词是复数形式，因此change用复数形式。‎ 二、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 遇到空中有形容词或副词时，要根据语境确定该词是否有比较的含义，尤其看看其后面有没有标志词than。‎ 例：‎ ‎【2015课标I】 Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is ______ (clean) than ever.‎ 答案与分析：cleaner。根据后面比较级的标志词than，这里应该使用比较级。‎ 三、词性转换 词性转换是指同一词根派生出的名词、形容词、副词、动词以及反义词等词。可以根据该词在句子中的所作的成分，确定该词的转换形式。‎ 例1：‎ ‎【2015课标II】In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ______ (able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.‎ 答案与分析：ability。their后接名词。‎ 例2：‎ ‎【2015课标II】 As ______ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.‎ 答案与分析：natural。名词前用形容词修饰。‎ 例3：‎ ‎【2015课标II】 Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat ______ (slow) during cool nights, thus warming the house.‎ 答案与分析：slowly。这里需要副词修饰动词短语give out。‎ 例4.‎ ‎【2014课标I】Just be ______ (patience).‎ 答案与分析：patient。这里应该是形容词作表语。‎ 四、动词的单复数 当空格的提示词给的是动词原形时，除了考虑它的时态和语态外，还要考虑它的单复数形式，在这种情况下，主要看主语。‎ 例1：‎ ‎【2015课标II】 This cycle ______ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the outside temperatures.‎ 答案与分析： goes。根据句中的时间状语day after day和后面的句子中使用的时态，可以确定该动词用一般现在时态形式，主语是单数，因此动词用数三人称单数形式。‎ 例2：‎ ‎【2015课标I】Yangshuo ______ (be) really beautiful.‎ 答案与分析：is。主语是单三人称，因此用is。‎ 五、时态和语态 如果空中所给的信息词是动词，空前是名词或代词，比较复杂的时候是动名词、不定式或者主语从句，那么这个空缺少谓语，所以要根据上下文判断动词的时态和语态。‎ 例：‎ ‎【2015课标I】 It was raining lightly when I ______ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.‎ 答案与分析：arrived。所给动词arrive前是代词I，这里应该是谓语动词，因为主句的时态是过去时态，因此这里用过去时态。‎ 六、非谓语动词 如果句中（一套主谓结构）已有谓语动词，所给动词不是该谓语的并列谓语，那么该动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定是v.-ing形式、v.-ed形式或不定式。用非谓语动词的形式一定要考虑它与其逻辑主语之间的关系。‎ 例1：‎ ‎【2015课标II】 When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough ______ (cool) the house during the hot day; at the same time, they warm up again for the night.‎ 答案与分析：to cool。句子“the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough ______ (cool) the house during the hot day”中的谓语动词have given up和are并列，所给动词前面没有其他连词，cool表示结果，因此用to cool。‎ 例2：‎ ‎【2015课标I】 Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people ______ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.‎ 答案与分析：living。live与前面的people不能形成主谓关系，又因为live与people的关系是主动关系，因此用现在分词living作定语，修饰中心词people。‎ 例3：‎ ‎【2015课标I】 A study of travelers ______ (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.‎ 答案与分析：conducted。因为这个句子里有谓语动词names，所给动词不是names的并列谓语，它与前面名词的关系是被动关系，因此用过去分词作定语。‎ 例4：‎ ‎【2010广东】 He spit it out, ______ (say) it was awful.‎ 答案与分析：saying。在这里 say前没有并列连词，因此可以推断不是并列谓语，是非谓语动词，又因为say与主语he的关系是主动关系，因此用现在分词。‎ 总之，做有提示词填空的题，要注意动词的时态和语态及非谓语动词的填写。因此建议教师在平时讲课的过程中加强学生对时态、语态、非谓语动词的掌握，让学生多记忆词汇，这样就能轻松做好语法填空信息提示题。‎ 一、考查介词后的动词用-ing分词 ‎ 根据英语语法，介词后接动词作宾语时，用作宾语的动词原则上要用动名词。‎ ‎【典例】‎ One morning，I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about____(be) late for school.（2014年新课标II卷）‎ ‎【分析】由于是用于介词about后作宾语．故用动名词形式being。‎ ‎【练习】‎ 阅读下面句子，用括号内单词的正确形式填空。‎ ‎1. She rested for two weeks after____ (be) in the hospital.‎ ‎2. I'm against____ (do) anything till the police arrive.‎ ‎3. The only way to tell if you like something is by____ (try) it ‎4. The skill of ____ (speak) a foreign language takes time to acquire.‎ ‎5. He stood in the door for several minutes before____ (decide) whether he’d stay.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1 being 2 doing 3 trying 4 speaking 5 deciding ‎ ‎ ‎ 二、考查习惯上后接-ing分词做宾语的动词 有些动词后接另一动词作宾语时．作宾语的动词习惯上要用动名词，不能用不定式，比较典型的有admit, advise, allow, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, finish ,forbid, give up, imagine, keep, mind, miss, permit, practice , suggest等。‎ ‎【典例】‎ ‎【 Still, the boy kept ____ (ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting.（2014年新课标II卷）‎ ‎【分析】‎ 动词keep后接动词作宾语时．作宾语的动词习惯上要用动名词，所以填riding。‎ ‎【练习】‎ ‎【阅读下面句子，用括号内单词的正确形式填空。‎ ‎1. The teacher keeps ____ (tell) his students that the future belongs to the well-educated.‎ ‎2 They shouldn’t allow____ (park) here; the street is too narrow.‎ ‎3 Her illness just an excuse to avoid ____ (see) him.‎ ‎4 It is one thing to enjoy ____ (listen) to good music, but it is quite another to play it well yourself.‎ ‎5 I hate to ask you this, but would you mind____(give) me a lift home?‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1 telling 2 parking 3 seeing 4listening 5 giving 三、考查具有形容词性质的-ed分词和-ing分词的区别 有些动词的-ed分词和-ing分词具有形容词的性质，但由于它们用法区别很大．且同学们在使用时常常用混．所它也是语法填空的考查点之一。‎ ‎【典例】‎ While there are____(amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be patient（2014年新课标Ⅰ卷）‎ ‎【分析】‎ 由于是用以说明stories的性质或特征．故要用-ing分词，即填amazing。‎ ‎【练习】‎ ‎1. This is a very____ (interest)book. I’ll buy it, however much it may cost.‎ ‎2. I don't think this film is by far the most____ (bore). I have seen worse.‎ ‎3. I don't really like the author, but I have to admit his books are very____ (excite).‎ ‎4. The____ (shock) news made me realize what terrible problems we would face.‎ ‎5. With on one to turn to in such a____ (frighten) situation, she felt very helpless.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1 interesting 2 boring 3 exciting 4shocking 5 frightening 四、考查-ing分词派生词的用法 由动词派出来的-ing分词有时可以名词化，变成名词——这也是高考英语语法填空的考点之一。‎ ‎【典例】‎ One of my father's favorite____(say) as I was growing up was “Try it”（2014年大纲样卷）‎ ‎【分析】‎ 由于所填之词前面有所有格和形容词的修饰．说明此词具有名词性质．所以考虑填saying; 再根据句首的one of可知．此处的saying应用复数形式sayings。‎ ‎【练习】‎ 阅读下面句子，用括号内单词的正确形式填空。‎ ‎1. We'll reach the sales targets in a month which we set at the____ (begin) of the year.‎ ‎2. If you want to find the____ (mean) of the word, look it up in a dictionary.‎ ‎3. Jenny nearly missed the flight as result of doing too much____ (shop).‎ ‎4. When you finish reading this book, you will have a better____ (undertand) of life.‎ ‎5. A number of high____ (build) have arisen where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1 beginning 2 meaning 3shopping 4 undertanding 5 buildings 五、考查-ing分词派生词副词的用法 具有形容词性质的-ing分词，原则上不能修饰形容词、副词或动词，遇此情况应考虑将具有形容词性质的-ing分词变成副词·即在其后加上副词后缀-ly。‎ ‎【典例】‎ When we were wondering what to do，the manager came out. She was ____ (surprise) helpful.（2014年广东卷）‎ ‎【分析】‎ helpful为形容词，故其前应由副词来修饰．所以做本题．先要将surprise变成具有形容词性质的-ing分析．然后再在其后添加副词后缀-ly，所以答案为surprisingly。‎ ‎【练习】‎ 阅读下面句子，用括号内单词的正确形式填空。‎ ‎1. With online shopping ____ (increase) popular, the Internet is seen as an efficient way of reaching target customers.‎ ‎2. One of his charms was his ability to talk____ (amuse) on any topic.‎ ‎3. The World Wide Web is sometimes____ (joke) called the World Wide Wait because it can be very slow.‎ ‎4 John's aunt died suddenly and left him a____ (surprise) large sum.‎ ‎5 The report argues ____ (convince) that economic help should be given to these countries.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1. increasingly 2.amusingly 3.jokingly 4.surprisingly 5.convincingly