江苏高考专题一语法知识特殊句式与主谓一致

江苏高考专题一语法知识特殊句式与主谓一致

第9讲　特殊句式与主谓一致 ‎1．The publication of Great Expectations，which________both widely reviewed and highly praised，strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist.(2017·江苏，24)‎ A．is B．are C．was D．were 答案　C 解析　考查时态和主谓一致。句意为：《远大前程》这部小说的出版发行受到了广泛评论和高度赞扬，这巩固了狄更斯作为顶尖小说家的地位。空格处与后面的reviewed和praised一起构成定语从句的谓语，根据主句谓语strengthened判断这里用一般过去时；定语从句的关系词which指代主句的“the publication of Great Expectations”，主语核心词是publication，故be动词用was。因此选C。‎ ‎2．Nowadays，cycling，along with jogging and swimming，________ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.(2017·天津，6)‎ A．regard B．is regarded C．are regarded D．regards 答案　B 解析　考查主谓一致和语态。句意为：如今，骑行与慢跑、游泳一起被认为是最全面的运动方式之一。当主语后面接由along with引起的短语时，谓语动词应和主语(cycling)保持一致，排除A、C两项；cycling与regard之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，排除D项。故选B项。‎ ‎3．It was when I got back to my apartment ________ I first came across my new neighbors.‎ ‎(2017·天津，11)‎ A．who B．where C．which D．that 答案　D 解析　考查强调句型的判定。句意为：正是当我回到公寓时，我第一次偶然遇见了我的新邻居们。强调句的判断方法是将It is/was与that/who去掉，然后看剩余的部分是不是一个成分完整的句子。经判断，“When I got back to my apartment，I first came across my new neighbors.”‎ 句子成分完整，由此可断定本句是强调句，并且强调的是时间状语，故空格处应用that。‎ ‎4．Not until recently ________ the development of tourists-related activities in the rural areas.(2016·江苏，34)‎ A．they had encouraged B．had they encouraged ‎ C．did they encourage D．they encouraged 答案　C 解析　考查倒装句。句意为：直到最近他们才鼓励农村地区发展与旅游相关的活动。根据句首的Not until可知，本句要用部分倒装形式，先排除A、D两项；encourage表示的动作已经发生，故用一般过去时。‎ ‎5．You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel ________ the coach picks up tourists.‎ ‎(2016·天津，13)‎ A．who B．which C．where D．that 答案　D 解析　考查强调句型的判定。句意为：你等错地方了。长途公共汽车是在旅馆接的游客。强调句的判断方法是将It is/was与that/who去掉后，句子意思依然清楚，结构依然完整。经判断，“The coach picks up tourists at the hotel.”句子成分完整，句意明确，故本句是强调句。因强调的内容是地点，故空格处应填that。‎ ‎6．Only when Lily walked into the office ________ that she had left the contract at home.‎ ‎(2015·天津，3)‎ A．she realized B．has she realized ‎ C．she has realized D．did she realize 答案　D 解析　考查倒装及时态。句意为：直到莉莉走进办公室时，她才意识到她把合同忘在家里了。“only＋状语从句”位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。根据时间状语“when Lily walked into the office”可知要用一般过去时。故答案为D。‎ ‎7．Bach died in 1750，but it was not until the early 19th century ________ his musical gift was fully recognized.(2015·重庆，9)‎ A．while B．though C．that D．after 答案　C 解析　考查强调句。句意为：巴赫于1750年去世，但是他的音乐才能一直到19世纪早期才完全被认可。本句是一个强调句型，其基本结构是：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他，本句被强调部分是not until the early 19th century。故选C。‎ ‎8．If ________ for the job，you’ll be informed soon.(2015·北京，31)‎ A．to accept B．accept C．accepting D．accepted 答案　D 解析　考查省略句。句意为：如果你被录用做这份工作的话，你将会很快得到通知。本题中if之后省略了主语和be动词，补充完整为：If you are accepted for the job，所以选D。‎ ‎9．It is important to remember that success ________ a sum of small efforts made each day and often ________ years of achieve.(2015·湖南，27)‎ A．is；takes B．are；takes C．are；take D．is；take 答案　A 解析　考查主谓一致。句意为：成功是每天所做的一些小小的努力的总和，它常常需要很多年的时间才能实现，记住这些很重要。此处success是不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。故选A项。‎ ‎10．Always ________ in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.‎ ‎(2015·湖南，31)‎ A．to keep B．to have kept C．keep D．have kept 答案　C 解析　考查祈使句。句意为：一直要记住：你的主要任务是使这家公司运转顺利。祈使句一般以动词原形开头，故用keep。keep in mind记住，是固定搭配。‎ ‎11．No sooner ________ stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.‎ ‎(2014·陕西，17)‎ A．had Mo Yan B．Mo Yan had C．has Mo Yan D．Mo Yan has 答案　A 解析　考查倒装及时态。no sooner had sb.done...than...引导时间状语从句，且当no ‎ sooner位于主句句首时，主句用部分倒装，即将主句中的助动词、系动词或情态动词提到其主语前，排除B、D两项；由从句时态可知用过去完成时，助动词had提前。故选A。‎ ‎12．It was the culture，rather than the language，________ made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.(2014·福建，29)‎ A．where B．why C．that D．what 答案　C 解析　考查强调句。句意为：是风俗文化而不是语言，使他很难适应国外的新环境。这里强调主语部分the culture，rather than the language，所以用that引导。故选C。‎ ‎13．Was it because Jack came late for school ________ Mr Smith got angry？(2014·四川，3)‎ A．why B．who C．where D．that 答案　D 解析　考查强调句。句意为：是不是因为Jack上学迟到史密斯先生才生气的？此题考查的是强调句的一般疑问句，所强调的是主句的原因状语从句because Jack came late for school，故选that。‎ ‎14．________ me tomorrow and I’ll let you know the lab result.(2014·大纲全国，33)‎ A．Calling B．Call C．To call D．Having called 答案　B 解析　考查祈使句。句意为：明天给我打电话，我会让你知道实验结果的。分析句子结构可知，此处是“祈使句＋and＋简单句”这一固定句式结构。故B项正确。‎ ‎15．All we need ________ a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.(2014·湖南，32)‎ A．are B．was C．is D．were 答案　C 解析　考查主谓一致和动词的时态。根据表语a small piece of land可知谓语用单数，且根据从句的时态可知所填词用一般现在时，故选C。‎ ‎16．—I spent two weeks in London last summer.‎ ‎—Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay，_____ you？(2014·重庆，10)‎ A．mustn’t B．haven’t C．didn’t D．hadn’t 答案　C 解析　考查反意疑问句。答语句意为：那你在伦敦逗留期间肯定去看过大英博物馆，对吗？must have done在句中表示对过去事实的推测，当句末有反意疑问的语气时，可分为两种情况：(1)句中没有明确的过去时间状语时，反意疑问句结构为“haven’t/hasn’t...？”；(2)句中有明确的过去时间状语时，结构为“didn’t...？”。题中last summer表示的是一个确定的过去时间，故C项正确。‎ ‎17．“Never for a second，” the boy says，“________that my father would come to my rescue.”(2013·江苏，27)‎ A．I doubted B．do I doubt C．I have doubted D．did I doubt 答案　D　‎ 解析　句意为：这个男孩说：“我从不怀疑我父亲会来救我。”当否定副词或具有否定含义的短语置于句首时，句子常用部分倒装。故本题要用部分倒装。再根据would come to...可知，是在讲过去发生的事，故用过去时。‎ ‎18．At no time________the rules of the game.It was unfair to punish them.(2013·辽宁，26)‎ A．they actually broke B．do they actually break C．did they actually break D．they had actually broken 答案　C 解析　考查倒装句型。at no time为介词短语，当其位于句首时，句子应该用部分倒装，根据第二个句子可知时态为过去时。故选C。‎ ‎19．The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police________.‎ ‎(2013·新课标全国Ⅰ，28)‎ A．not to do B．not to C．not do D．do not 答案　B 解析　考查不定式的否定及省略。句意为：司机想把车停在路边，但是警察提醒他不可以。句中by the police为干扰部分，可以去掉，句式为ask sb.to do sth.的被动语态的否定形式。A选项后加it也正确。‎ ‎20．Generally，students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others ________ essential to their development.(2013·江苏，21)‎ A．is B．are C．was D．were 答案　A　‎ 解析　考查时态与主谓一致。句意为：一般来说，来自别人较高的期望值与学生内在的驱动力对他们的发展至关重要。分析句子结构可知，该句的主语部分为students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others，中心词inner motivation为第三人称单数。该题说的是普遍现象，故用一般现在时。‎ ‎1．在复习复合句的倒装时，要注意分清倒装主句还是倒装从句。一般来说要倒装主句，从句倒装包括两种情形：一是as引导的让步状语从句；二是if虚拟条件句。在if虚拟条件句中，如果从句中含有should，were或had，可把if省去，把should，were或had提到主语前构成倒装。‎ Child as he is，he knows a lot.‎ 虽然他是个孩子，但他懂得很多。‎ Had I known her telephone number，I would have rung her up.‎ 如果我知道她的电话号码，我早就打电话给她了。‎ ‎2．在not only...but also...；hardly...when...；no sooner...than...结构中，前半部分倒装而后半部分不倒装。‎ Hardly had the game begun when it started raining.‎ 比赛刚刚开始就下起雨来了。‎ ‎3．强调句型It is/was...that/who...结构中，it是引导词，本身没有词义，仅起连接作用。‎ It was not until a few months later that he knew the story.‎ 直到几个月后，他才知道这故事。‎ ‎4．当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语为it，且从句谓语动词为be时，可以省略从句的主语和be。‎ Be careful while (you are) crossing the street.‎ 过街时要小心。‎ If (it is) possible，he will help you out of the difficulty.‎ 如果可能的话，他会帮助你摆脱困境。‎ ‎5．由with，along with，together with，like，but，except，besides，as well as，rather than，including，in addition to等连接的并列名词作主语，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于前面的名词。‎ He as well as I is responsible for it.‎ 不但是我，他对这件事也有责任。‎ ‎6．“so＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”表示前面提到的肯定的情况也适合后者；“so＋主语＋助动词/系动词/情态动词”表示“……的确如此”。‎ He has been to China，so have we.‎ 他去过中国，我们也去过。‎ ‎—He works hard.‎ ‎—So he does.‎ ‎——他工作努力。‎ ‎——他确实是这样。‎ ‎7．“only＋状语(从句)”位于句首时句子要用部分倒装；“only＋主语”位于句首时句子不倒装。‎ Only in this way can the experiment succeed.‎ 惟有这样做，试验才能成功。‎ Only his father was right.‎ 只有他的父亲是对的。‎ ‎8．在以地点副词here，there开头的倒装句中，如果句子的主语是人称代词，主语和谓语不需要倒装。比较：‎ Here he comes.他来了。‎ Here comes the teacher.老师来了。‎ ‎9．由and连接的两个并列成分作主语，谓语动词通常用复数；但当and连接的两个词语指同一人、同一事或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。‎ The secretary and manager was present at the meeting.‎ 书记兼经理出席了会议。‎ The secretary and the manager were present at the meeting.‎ 书记和经理出席了会议。‎ ‎10．强调句与其他句型的结合考查，如与定语从句、not...until...句型的结合考查。‎ It was in this factory where his father once worked that he found a job.‎ 他在父亲曾经工作过的工厂找到了一份工作。‎ It was not until he got seriously ill that he knew the importance of health.‎ 直到他生了重病，才知道健康的重要性。‎ ‎11．介词but的前面有do时，后面的不定式省略to。即前有do，后无to。‎ We could do nothing but wait here.‎ 我们除了在这儿等，什么也不能干。‎ ‎12．一些集合名词如audience，committee，family，class，group，team等，如果指整体意义，谓语动词用单数；如果指具体的成员，谓语动词用复数。‎ The committee is to deal with this matter.‎ 委员会要处理这起事件。‎ The committee are divided in opinion.‎ 委员们意见不一致。‎ ‎13．“many a＋单数名词”和“more than one＋单数名词”是复数意义，但谓语动词用单数。‎ Many a boy likes playing basketball.‎ 许多男生都喜欢打篮球。‎ More than one student is in favor of the plan.‎ 许多学生支持这一计划。‎ ‎1．It is not so much the language ________ the cultural background ________ makes the film difficult to understand.(2017·仪征中学检测，28)‎ A．that；as B．what；as C．as；that D．as；what 答案　C 解析　考查强调句。句意为：与其说是语言倒不如说是文化背景使得电影难以理解。not so much...as...为固定短语，意为“与其说……倒不如说……”。第二空的that和句首的it ‎ is构成强调句型，强调句子的主语。‎ ‎2．At the back of the old temple ________ twelve huge stone statues together with ________ pagoda.(2017·亭湖检测，21)‎ A．does stand；a 8-storeyed B．do stand；a 8-story C．stands；an 8-storey D．stand；an 8-storey 答案　D 解析　考查倒装句。句意为：在古庙的后面有12个巨大的石像还有一个八层的佛塔。这句话是地点状语提前的倒装句，用完全倒装，谓语提前，因为主语是twelve huge stone statues together with ________ pagoda，together with连接两个主语时，谓语和前面的主语保持一致，故这里谓语用复数；第二空是复合形容词，8-storey以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an。故选D项。‎ ‎3．Only after we value growth enough to start enlarging ourselves ________ through a strong barrier.(2017·镇江期中，34)‎ A．we have broken B．did we break C．have we broken D．we broke 答案　C 解析　考查倒装句。句意为：只有在我们充分重视增长来扩大自我之后，我们才算突破了一个强大的障碍。“only＋状语/状语从句”位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装，故排除A、D两项；根据从句的时态是一般现在时可知，此处主句要用现在完成时。故选C项。‎ ‎4．—Have you got any plans for the New Year’s Day Holiday?‎ ‎—Yes.________ possible，I’m going to travel in Beijing.(2017·苏北四市调研，29)‎ A．Though B．Unless C．While D．If 答案　D 解析　考查状语从句的省略。句意为：——你已经有元旦假期的计划了吗？——是的。如果有可能的话，我打算去北京旅游。分析句子成分可知，本题为状语从句的省略结构。根据句意可知If possible符合。If possible＝If it is possible表示“如果有可能”。‎ ‎5．I don’t think he could have held an important job in government a few years ago，________？‎ ‎(2017·盐城景山中学调研，35)‎ A．did he B．do I C．could he D．has he 答案　A 解析　考查反意疑问句。句意为：我认为几年前他不可能在政府里担任重要的工作，是吗？当主句是I think/believe/suppose/imagine等时，其后的反意疑问句要反问从句，且从句中的could have done是表示对过去情况的推测。故答案为A。‎ ‎6．Could it be in the restaurant ________ we had a dinner last night ________ you left your key？‎ ‎(2017·盐城景山中学调研，22)‎ A．that；where B．in which；where C．where；that D．where；where 答案　C 解析　考查强调句型和定语从句。句意为：你会不会是在我们昨晚吃饭的那个饭店里丢了你的钥匙？第一空where引导定语从句，修饰restaurant；第二空为强调句型，强调地点状语in the restaurant。‎ ‎7．Tony always works out development schemes faster than others.Is it ________ he graduated from a top university ________ counts？(2017·盐城中学月考，34)‎ A．because；that B．that；which C．that；that D．why；what 答案　C 解析　考查主语从句和强调句。句意为：托尼制定发展规划总是比别人快。难道和他毕业于一所顶尖的大学有关吗？此处为强调句，强调主语，而主语是that引导的主语从句。故选C项。‎ ‎8．________ more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots.(2017·盐城中学月考，33)‎ A．Scattered around the globe are B．Scattering are around the globe C．Are around the globe scattered D．Are scattered around the globe 答案　A 解析　‎ 考查倒装句。句意为：地球上散落分布着100多个小而离散的火山活跃区，地质学家称之为“热点”。正常语序是More than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots are scattered around the globe.表语提前，把系动词提到主语前面构成倒装。‎ ‎9．He doesn’t own an NBA championship ring，________ in the face with champagne(香槟) after the NBA finals.(2017·宿迁青华中学月考，32)‎ A．he has neither been sprayed B．nor has he been sprayed C．either has he been sprayed D．so he has been sprayed 答案　B 解析　考查倒装句。句意为：他没有自己的NBA总冠军戒指，也没有在NBA总决赛后被香槟酒喷到脸上。not...nor...既不……也不……，否定词置于句首时，句子要用倒装结构。故选B项。‎ ‎10．I’m sure you’d rather she went to school by bus，________？(2017·启东中学月考，29)‎ A．hadn’t you B．wouldn’t you C．aren’t I D．didn’t she 答案　B 解析　考查反意疑问句。句意为：我确定你宁愿让她坐公交车去学校，是不是？此处考查的是I’m sure引导的从句的反意疑问句，应该是与后面的从句保持一致；在从句中涉及到了would rather的虚拟语气的使用，但并不影响反意疑问句的生成，故用wouldn’t you即可。故选 B项。‎ ‎11．—How was the televised debate last night?‎ ‎—Super！Rarely ________ so much media attention.(2017·启东中学月考，23)‎ A．a debate attracted B．did a debate attract C．a debate did attract D．attracted a debate 答案　B 解析　考查倒装句。否定副词rarely表示“很少地，罕有地”位于句首时后面的句子要用部分倒装，即“助动词＋主语＋动词”的形式。故选B项。‎ ‎12．—________ that otherwise successful people and companies don’t break through to the next level?‎ ‎—I think they are too content with themselves to move on.(2017·南京学情调研，29)‎ A．How it is B．How is it C．What it is D．What is it 答案　B 解析　考查强调句。句意为：——原本可能成功的人和公司为何没能突破到下一个层次？——我想他们太自满而无法进步。分析句子成分可知，本题为强调句的特殊疑问句形式。强调句型的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that...。根据句意可知How is it符合。‎ ‎13．Anne lost her wallet and Mother wasn’t surprised that ________ as she was too careless.‎ ‎(2017·镇江一模，34)‎ A．she was so B．so was she C．so did she D．she did so 答案　D 解析　考查省略句。句意为：Anne丢了钱包，但是她妈妈对此一点都不感到惊讶，因为她太粗心了。she did so相当于she lost her wallet，为了避免重复，用此结构。故选D项。‎ ‎14．Years may wrinkle the skin，but it is to give up enthusiasm ________ wrinkles the soul.‎ ‎(2017·苏锡常镇四市一模，29)‎ A．who B．which C．that D．when 答案　C 解析　考查强调句。句意为：岁月流逝只令容颜苍老，但是激情不再却能使心灵枯萎。强调句型：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其余部分。本句对主语to give up enthusiasm进行了强调。故选C项。‎ ‎15．—How impressive John’s painting is!‎ ‎—Actually，it was 2 years after he retired ________ he started to learn drawing.‎ ‎(2017·苏北六市联考，31)‎ A．before B．since C．until D．that 答案　D 解析　考查强调句。句意为：——John的画给人的印象好深刻啊！——事实上，他退休两年后才开始学画画的。根据句子结构可知，此句为强调句，被强调部分为时间状语2 years after he retired。故选D项。‎ ‎16．As a common sense，children’s involvement in social activities，athletics and hobbies ________ just as important as academic achievement.(2016·苏锡常镇四市一模，22)‎ A．is B．are C．was D．were 答案　A 解析　考查主谓一致。句意为：孩子参加社会活动、体育运动和业余爱好是和学业成就同等重要的，这是常识。句子的主语是children’s involvement，是单数形式；另外作为常识，应用一般现在时。‎ ‎17．________ on mobile phones for storing information that people are unable to remember basic things.(2016·苏锡常镇四市一模，29)‎ A．Such is the dependence B．Such dependence does C．So they are dependent D．So do they depend 答案　A 解析　考查倒装句。句意为：这就是人们对手机储存信息的依赖，以至于人们记不住最基本的东西。such...that...结构表示“如此……以至于……”，such实际上是be动词后的表语，被提前到了句首。C项如改为So dependent are they也正确。‎ ‎18．Dogs barked madly while fish jumped out of water.In no time ________ as a prediction of a coming earthquake.‎ A．the phenomena were noticed B．the phenomena was noticed C．were the phenomena noticed D．was the phenomena noticed 答案　A 解析　考查倒装结构及主谓一致。句意为：狗疯狂地叫，鱼儿跳出水面。这些预示地震即将到来的现象立刻引起了注意。in no time立刻，马上，不含否定含义，因此置于句首时句子不需要倒装。另外phenomena为phenomenon的复数形式。故选A项。‎ ‎19．“Not until I knew much about Nanking Massacre，”the foreigner says，“________ the significance of setting the National Memorial Day.”‎ A．had I understood B．did I understand C．I have understood D．I understood 答案　B 解析　考查倒装句。句意为：这个外国人说：“直到我了解了很多关于南京大屠杀的事，我才意识到设立国家公祭日的重要性。”“not until＋从句”放在了句首，引起主句部分倒装；另外understand这一动作发生在know之后，不需要用过去完成时，故选B项。‎ ‎20．—Sorry，Joe.I did not mean to...‎ ‎—Don’t call me “Joe”．I am Mr Parker to you，and ________ you forget it!‎ A．mustn’t B．didn’t C．shouldn’t D．don’t 答案　D 解析　考查祈使句。句意为：——对不起，Joe。我没打算……。——不要叫我“Joe”，对你来说我是帕克先生，你没有忘了吧！祈使句的否定结构是在句子前面加do not或don’t。故选D项。‎