- 2021-05-14 发布 |
- 37.5 KB |
- 5页
申明敬告: 本站不保证该用户上传的文档完整性,不预览、不比对内容而直接下载产生的反悔问题本站不予受理。
文档介绍
高考英语基础知识练习连词的讲解与训练
连词的讲解与训练 连词 知识要点 连词是一种虚词,用于连接单词、短语、从句或句子,在句子中不单独用作句子成分。 连词分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。并列连词是连接主语与主语,谓语与谓语,句子与句 子,分词与分词的词等,它要求前后两部分有相同的形式和语法作用;而从属连词一般连接 主句与从句,从句形式有名词性从句,定语从句和状语从句等。 种类 作用 举例 并 列 连 词 用来连 接词与 词、词 组与词 组、分 句与分 句 and(和),as well as(既…又),both … and(不但…而且),not only … but also(不但…而且),not … but(不是…而是),neither … nor (既不…也不),either … or(不是…就是),or(或者),but (但 是),yet(然而),for(因为),so(所以),while(而),when(这 时)等。如:Both my brother and my sister are teachers./ His room is bright but mine is gloomy(暗沉沉的). 从 属 连 词 在复合 句中引 导从句 引导时间状语从句的:after, before, when, as, while, since, until, as soon as 引导原因状语从句的:because, since, as, in that 引导让步状语从句的:although, though, as, no matter…, even if (though) 引导条件状语从句的:if, unless, once, so (as) long as, on condition that 引导结果状语从句的:so … that …, such … that … 引导目的状语从句的:so that …, in order that … 引导比较状语从句的:as … as …, not so (as) … as …, … than … 引导方式状语从句的:as if …,as though… 引导名词性从句(即主语、宾语、表语、同位语从句)的连词主要有: who,whose, when, how, where, why, that, whether, if 等。 疑难突破 某些用法比较特殊的从属连词用法区别: once 作副 词译“曾 经”,作为 连词译“一 旦”,引导 条件状语 从句 相当于 if 的加强形式。例如: I don't believe he was once a thief. (once 是副词) Once Aristotle had made up his mind that heavy objects always fell faster than light objects, he taught it as a truth to his students. (once 是连词) till, until作为 介词式从 属连词引 导时间状 语短语或 状语从句 用于否定句时,结构为 not …until (till),主句谓语动词延续与非延续 皆可,意为“直到……才……”。用于肯定句时,只与延续性动词连用,表 示“到……为止”。如:They played volleyball until (till) it got dark./ They didn't talk(延续性动词)until (till) the interpreter(译员) came./ He didn't go to bed(非延续性动词)until (till) the his father came back.;until 可以放在句首,till 则不行,如:Until the last minute of the match we kept on playing./ Not until he finished his work did he go home.(倒装);till, until 只用于时间,以下句子是错误的:We walked till the edge of the forest.(要用 as far as 或 to)。 as 作从属 连词可引 导多种状 语从句 ①as 引导时间状语从句,意为“当……时”。如:As (he was) a young man, he was a storekeeper and later a postmaster./ He sang as he worked. ②as 引导方式状语从句,意为“象……一样”。如:We must do as the Party teaches us. ③as 引导原因状语从句。意为“由于”,如:As you are tired, you had better have a rest. ④as 引导让步状语从句。意为“虽然”、“尽管”。如:Child as he is, he can do it well. ( = Although he is a child, he can do it well.) 另外,as 做为关系代词还可以引导定语从句,如:I have the same book as you. because, since, as 引导原因 状语时注 意使用上 的区别. ①如果原因构成句子的最主要部分,一般用 because ,因此 because 引导的 从句往往放在句末。用 why 提问的句子,一定用 because 回答。如:He had to stay at home yesterday because he was ill.; ②如原因已为人们所知,或不如句子的其他部分重要,就用 as,或 since。 since 比 as 更正式些。as 和 since 引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。如: As you are tired, you had better rest./ Since everyone is here, now let's begin. although 和 though ①although 用于各种文体,而 though 则多用于非正式的口语或书面语中。 注意由 although, though 引导的从句后,主句不能用 but,但可用副词 yet, 引导让步 状语从句 往往用法 一样,但注 意以下区 别 still。如:Although/ Though it rained all the morning, they still went on working.(或 yet they went on working) ②though 常与 even 连用,even though 表示强调,意为"即使",但不能说 even although,例如:Even though I didn't understand a word, I kept smiling. ③though 可用作副词,意为"然而",常用逗号与句子分开。although 则不 能这样使用,它只作连词。例如:It was a quiet party, I had a good time, though. 当 while, when, as 引导时间 状语从句 时的区别 ①while 引导的状语从句中动词必须是持续性。谓语动词多为进行时,或状 态动词的一般时。while 的这些用法可用 when 代替,等于 "at the time that", "during the time that"。如:Please keep quiet while (when) others are studying; ② when 除可指一段时间外,还可用来指一点时间,等于 "at the time", 也就是说 when 引出的时间状语从句中的谓语动词可以是终止性的,也可以 延续性的。因此主句和从句的谓语可以是一般时、进行时或完成时。如:When I went into the room, he was writing an article.(when 不能换成 while) He often makes mistakes when he is learning Chinese“gongfu”.(when 可换成 while) ③as 常可与 when,while 通用,但强调"一边、一边"。例如:As (when, while) I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of number 37. ④when 引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致,主、谓是"主语+系动词" 结构时,这时主语和系动词可以省略。例如:When (he was) young, he worked for a rich man./ She'll be here to give you help when (if it is) necessary. ⑤when 有时代替 if,引导条件句,意为"如果"、"假如",例如:I'll come when (if) I'm free. unless 引 导条件状 语从句 等于 if … not …。例如:He'll accept the job unless the salary is too low. ( = He'll accept the job if the salary is not too low.) 在用 as if 引导的方 式状语从 句及表语 从句中,根 据情况要 使用虚拟 语气 例如:He talks as if he knew all about it. 但有时也可用直陈语气。 例如:It looks as if it is going to rain. whether, if 引导从 ①引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句时,用 whether,不用 if。例如: Whether they will go to the Great Wall is not known./ The question 注意:命题热点在于句子衔接。即在词与词、句与句之间使用并列或从属连词。尤其是一个 连词的多种用法的准确把握和引导从句时的灵活运用。 即学即练 1. – I wonder how much you charge for your services. – The first two are free the third costs $30. A. while B. until C. when D. before 2.John plays basketball well, ___his favorite sport is badminton. A. so B. or C. yet D. for 3. You may use the room as you like ___ you clean it up afterwards. A. so far as B. so long as C. in case D. even if 4. At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see___ it got any better. A. when B. how C. why D. if 5. ______ the police thought he was the most likely one, since they had no exact proof 句的用法 区别 is whether we can finish the task on time./ The question whether we will take part in the physics contest has not been decided. ②whether 可接不定式,而 if 则不可。例如:I haven't decided whether to leave or not. ③whether 可作介词的宾语或置于句首表示强调,而 if 则不可。例如: Everything depends on whether we have enough money./ Whether he will come, I am not sure. ④whether 和 if 均可引导宾语从句, whether 引导的宾语从句一般都是肯 定句,if 引导的宾语从句可以是肯定的,也可以是否定的(此时不能用 whether),例如:Could you tell us whether/ if it rains in winter in Australia?/ I wonder if it doesn't rain. ⑤引导宾语从句的 whether 和 if 常可与 or not 连用。连用时要注意 or not 的位置,它一般与 whether、if 分开使用,有时它可与 whether 合起来使 用,但不能与 if 合起来使用。例如:I don't know whether/ if they will come or not./ I don't know whether or not they will come. ⑥if 可用来引导条件状语从句,译"如果",whether 则不行。例如:If you work hard, you are sure to succeed. before 作 连词一般 表示时间, 意为" 在……之 前",但有 些句子中 这样译就 显得别扭 试看以下句子的翻译:He almost knocked me down before he saw me.他 几乎把我撞倒才看见我;Before I could get in a word he had measured me.我还没来得及插话,他已经给我量好了尺寸。 about it, they could not arrest him. A. Although B. As long as C. If only D. As soon as 6. – shall we have our picnic tomorrow? –______it doesn’t rain. A. Until B. While C. Once D. If 7.Owen wouldn’t eat anything ____________ he cooked it himself. A. until B. since C. unless D. while 8.The medicine works more effectively ______ you drink some hot water after taking it. A. as B. until C. although D. if 连词 即学即练 1.A。while 表示转折(含前后对比)。 2.C。考查并列句。前半句是说约翰篮球打得很好,后半句是说约翰最喜欢的运动是羽毛球。 前后两句是一种转折关系。Yet 可以是副词也可以是转折连词,yet 作连词的时候表示“可 是”。因此选 C. yet。整句的意思为,约翰篮球打得很好,但是他最喜欢的运动是羽毛球。 So 表示结果,or 表示选择,for 表示原因。 3.B。考查条件状语从句的连接词。前半句是说你可以任意使用这个房间,后半句时说以后你 把房间打扫干净,把房间打扫干净是任意使用这个房间的条件。能够引导条件状语从句的 连接词有 so long as 和 in case. So long as=as long as, 表示“只要”,强调必要条件; in case 表示“万一”,强调可能性极小的假设,一般指不希望出现的事。根据句意我们应 该选 B. so long as. So far as 等于 as far as 表示“一直到…(程度)”,例如 I will help you so far as I can.我将竭尽全力来帮你。Even if 表示即使,引导让步状语从句。 4.D。考查宾语从句(引导词 if)。句意:最初他不喜欢这件新工作,但是他决定给自己几个 月的时间来看一下这件工作是否会变得更好。D.if 引导的宾语从句作 see 的宾语,意为“是 否”。 5.A。考查从属连词的用法。根据句意“因为没有确切的证据;虽然警察认为她是最有可能的 一个人,但是不能逮捕他”,引导让步状语从句。故选 A。 6.D。 交际用语,意思是:如果明天不下雨的话。引导条件状语从句用 if。 7.C。句意:如果不是他亲自做的食物他就不吃任何东西。 Unless“如果不”合句意。 8.D。句意:如果你吃药后喝热水药会更有效。if 引导条件状语从句。查看更多