高考英语考前20天知识清理

高考英语考前20天知识清理

考前知识清理20天 01‎ I. 语法：　时态问题 (01)‎ ‎1.记住与各时态相关的“特征词”． 2. 表示“将来”的几种形式及基本区别：‎ ‎　shall 　will be going to +动词原形 be to do sth.‎ ‎　be +coming (leaving, starting, reaching, returning…. be about to do sth.‎ ‎3.用于表示过去未实现的希望和计划的表达：‎ A. should like to / would like to / would love to + 不定式的完成时态 B. was / were going to do sth.（用过去将来时态表示原打算做什么．）‎ C. was / were going to have done sth.　表示未完成原来的计划和安排．‎ D. expect , intend , hope , mean , plan , promise , suppose , think , want , wish．．．常用过去完成时态 ‎　　　 在这些词后接宾语从句或者接不定式的一般形式；或者用一般过去时态后面接不定式的完 ‎ 成形式表示过去未曾实现的愿望．‎ ‎ E. wish that …had done sth.表示过去未曾实现的愿望．‎ F.情态动词should ,would, could, might, ought to等后接不定式的完成时，表示过去本该做，打算 ‎ 做，想做而未做的事情．‎ G. had better / would rather + 不定式的完成时，表示一种过去的愿望．常译为“当初最好／当初 ‎ 真该．．．．”‎ ‎4. 完成时态中瞬间动词的处理方法：‎ A. 不合表示一段时间的时间状语连用． B. 将瞬间动词变成状态动词．‎ C. 换用句型．It is….. since …did…‎ ‎5. 复合句中的时态问题：‎ ‎　A.主句是现在时态，从句可是任意时态．　B.主句是将来时态，条件状语从句中只能用现在时态．‎ C.主句是过去时态，从句只能是过去的时态．‎ ‎6. 情景中的时态问题．‎ 这是近几年高考中时态考察的重点．关键是要对所提供的情景进行仔细认真的分析　善于找到判断时态的依据．　‎ II. 句型复习：‎ ‎1. would (should) you like to do sth. should love to do sth.‎ ‎ feel like doing sth. would like to do sth. would like sb. to do sth.‎ 2. such a diligent man that … so diligent a man that … such a diligent man as … such interesting books that … such rapid progress that … so many (few) people that …‎ so much (little) money that … so diligent (fast) that… diligent (fast) enough to do sth.‎ so lazy (slowly) that he cannot … too lazy (slowly) to do sth.‎ 3. What’s wrong (the matter, the trouble) with …?‎ Is there anything wrong (the matter ) with …?‎ There is something (nothing ) wrong (the matter) with…?‎ Something (Nothing ) is wrong (the matter) with…?‎ 4. in order that…may (might, can, could,…) …‎ so that…can (could, may, might…) … so as to (in order to) do sth.‎ 5. do (try) one’s best to do sth. do what (everything, all) you can do sth.‎ what he said… all that he said…‎ III.词汇：A. 常用动词用法 (01)‎ agree　sb. agree with + sb. / sb.’s opinion / what 同意某人意见 sth. agree with sb.　 适合 ‎ sth. agree with sth.　相一致，相符，和谐 agree on (upon) sth. 就．．．取得一致的意见　‎ ‎ agree with sb. on sth.　在．．．方面同意或意见一致　 agree to do sth.愿意（同意）做．．．　　‎ ‎ agree that….同意．．．是事实或应当如何 注释：该词一般作为不及物动词用．表示“同意”时有三种表达法，with①后接“人” ‎ ‎　　　②具体的观点和看法：opinion, plan, idea等；③what引导的从句．‎ ‎　　　作及物动词用时，①　agree to do sth. 愿意做．．．②agree that …同意．．．是事实或应当如何 look link-v 　look + adj. (过去分词，名词，介词短语，)看起来，‎ look about 四周打量 look about for 四处寻找 look ahead 　预测未来 look like 　看起来像 look as if 看起来好像 look well　　看起来不错 look sb. up and down 　上下打量某人　　 look at　看，望，　看待 ‎ look after　照看，照管，照顾，负责处理 look back on　回顾，回想 ‎ look down upon (on)　看不起，蔑视　 look for　　找寻，自找（麻烦），‎ ‎ look forward to　　盼望，希望；预计会有　look in　　作短时间的访晤（参观），‎ ‎ look in on　　　　拜望，顺便来看望 look into　　调查，了解，研究 ‎ look on　　　　　旁观，在旁边看 look on … as…　　　　把．．．看作　‎ ‎ look out　查找，找出；当心，注意 look out for　当心，提防；找寻，注意；‎ ‎ look over　　翻阅，审读；复习 look round　审视，到处看看；回头望 ‎ look through 翻阅，查看；读一遍 look to　　　照顾，注意，负责　　‎ ‎ look up　　 查出，了解；看望，拜访　　 look up and down 上下打量 考前知识清理20天 02‎ I.语法：　定语从句 ‎ 1.引导词的功能：　Ａ. 引导定语从　Ｂ. 代替现行词在定语从句中充当某一句子成分．‎ ‎ 2.引导定语从句的连词用法表解： ‎ 连 词 主 句 中 先 行 词 是 在 从 句 中 充 当 的 成 分 是 who 人 主语 whom 人 宾语 whose 人或物 定语(该词后要跟名词)‎ that 人或物 主语，宾语，表语 which 物 主语，宾语　(还可以引导非限制性定语从句)‎ where 表示地点的名词 地点状语 (=介词 + which )‎ when 表示时间的名词 时间状语 (=介词 + which )‎ why reason 原因状语 (= for which )‎ as 在限制性定语从句中常和such…as，the same…as 等句型连用．‎ 在非限制性定语从句中，可以代替主句中的某一成分或整个句子的意义．‎ ‎ 3. way 后面的定语从句可由in which , that 引导，或者什么都不要．‎ ‎　4. that 在使用中的特殊要求．‎ ‎ 5. 限制性和非限制性定语从句的区别．‎ ‎　6. as 与which在引导非限制性定语从句的三点区别：as常和know, see, understand, expect等词连用；可 位于句首；常译为：正如．．．．‎ II. 句型复习：‎ ‎ 1. would rather (not) do sth. would rather do sth. than do sth.‎ ‎ would rather sb. did (had done) sth. prefer sth. to sth. else ‎ prefer doing sth. to doing sth. else prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.‎ ‎ insist on doing sth. rather than do sth.‎ ‎ 2. No matter what (Whatever) he does… No matter how (However) difficult it is…‎ ‎ 3. to one’s surprise (delight, satisfaction, disappointment, joy)…‎ ‎ What surprises (delights, satisfies, disappoints, pleases) one is…‎ ‎4. It seems that sb. do sth. = sb. seems to do sth.‎ It happened that sb. do sth. = sb. happened to do sth.‎ It is said (reported) that sb. do sth. = sb. is said (reported) to do sth.‎ ‎ 5. Half of the visitors are … Half of the wood is …‎ Most of the teachers are… Most of the water is …‎ The rest of the books are … The rest of the money is …‎ One-fourth of the population in the world are Chinese.‎ The population of China is larger that that of any other country in the world.‎ Three-fourths of the workers in the factory are men.‎ Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is the sea.‎ A larger number of students are… The number of the students in our school is…‎ ‎ III.词汇：A. 常用动词用法 (02)‎ appear vi. link-v. = seem 似乎, 显得 ‎ appear to do sth. appear + adj. appear + done ‎ ‎ appear + sth. It appear that….‎ make make sth. 做，制造 make sb. do sth. 使得．．．‎ ‎ make sb. (sth.) done make sb. (sth.) + adj.‎ ‎ make sb. (sth.) + n. make it + adj.(n.) + that．．．‎ ‎　　　　make it + adj.(n.) + to do sth. make it + adj.(n.) + doing sth.　‎ ‎ make a dash for 赶往．．．，冲向．．． make a deal with 达成协议，做成交易 ‎　　　　make a decision 作出规定 make a face = make faces　做鬼脸，做苦相 ‎ make a good effort 作很大的努力 make a record 录制唱片 ‎ make a plan for 为…作计划 make a note of　　注意，记下来　‎ make an impression on 给．．留下（某种）印象，引人注目 ‎　　　 make fun of 取笑，和．．．开玩笑，嘲笑 make ．．．into．．把．．．做成．．．；使成为，使变成　‎ ‎　　 be made from．．由．．．做的（化学变化）be made of．．由．．．做的（物理变化）　 ‎ make it按时到达某处，办事成功；约定时间；及时赶上（火车，轮船等）　‎ ‎　　　　make one’s living　维持生活　　　　 make progress 取得进步 ‎ make out 看清楚，看出，辨识；理解，明白；开（账单，收据等）进展；假装，把．.说成是 ‎　　　　make room (for)　让地方，让位置 make sense　有道理，好懂，有清楚的意思 ‎　　　　make sense of 　 理解　　　　 make sure that．．．弄肯定，一定要做到；弄确切，弄清 ‎　　　　make sure of make sure to do sth.　一定要做．．．‎ ‎　　　　make ... to one's own measure 依照某人的尺寸做。。。 make up for　弥补 ‎ make up　创造，编造；弥补，把．．．补上；化妆，打扮 ‎ be made up of　有．．．组成（构成） make up one’s mind to do sth. 打定主意，决定，决心 ‎ make use of =make the most of, make the best of 利用　‎ B. 短语记忆：　‎ at the edge of 在…边缘 at the end of 在…末尾 at the moment 此刻 at the same time　同时 a variety of 各种各样的 be annoyed at 生…的气 be busy with 　忙于… be divided into 分成… be fit for 适合…‎ be fond of 　爱好 be full of 　充满… be grateful for　　感谢 be interested in对…感兴趣　 be known for 因…出名 be made up of 由…组成 be satisfied with　对…满意 be similar to 与…相同 be unfamiliar to与…不熟悉 ‎ be used to V-ing 习惯于 because of　　因为 by hand 手工做的 ‎ carry out 执行，进行 catch up ﹙with﹚赶上 clear off 清除 ‎ compare…with 　与…比较 concentrate on聚精会神… consist of 包含 ‎ deal with处理，对付 devote oneself to　献身于… die out 绝种 ‎ divide…into 把分成 do harm to伤害… draw a conclusion 得出结论 考前知识清理20天 03‎ I.‎‎ 语法复习：　状语从句 状语从句 引导从句的连词 ‎　备　　注 ‎ 时间 after, as, before, once, since, till, until, ‎ when, whenever, while, as long as, ‎ as soon as, hardly(scarcely) … when, ‎ No sooner … than, the time (moment, instant, minute, day…)‎ 1. hardly, no sooner在句首，引导的从句 ‎ 要部分倒装．‎ 2. since引导的从句注意看启动词是否是 ‎　瞬间动词还是延续性动词．‎ 3. when 引导的从句注意其特殊用法．‎ 4. 一些名词也可以引导时间状语从句．‎ 地点 where , wherever ‎ 后者表示强调．‎ 方式 as, as if, as though,‎ as引导的方式状语从句多在句首．‎ 原因 ‎ because, since, as, now (that)‎ ‎ ‎ 语气一个比一个弱．for可以引导原因状语从句，但它只能位于句末．‎ 结果 so …that, 　　such (a)… that, ‎ so that, 　　　that so…that中的so在句首，主句要部分倒装．‎ 目的 so that, in order that, that, so,‎ so that 使用最普遍．‎ 条件 if , unless, in case , as long as, ‎ 注意分清if从句中是否该用虚拟语气．‎ 让步 though, although, even if, even though, ‎ as, in spite of the fact, while,‎ no matter wh- , ‎ as 引导的让步状语从句要倒装．‎ II. 句型复习：‎ ‎ 1. It is + 被强调部分 + that ...‎ 在句型 1 中，将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that之后．被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语．强调的主语如果是人，that可以由who换用．如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子．这也是与其 它从句区别判断的方法．‎ ‎2. It is not until + 被强调部分 + that ...‎ 句型2 主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语＂直到．．．才．．．＂，可以说是 not ... until ... 的强调形式 ‎3. It is clear ( obvious, true, possible, certain....) that .....‎ 句型3中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，常译为＂清楚（显然，真的，肯定．．．）＂　是主语从句最常见的一种结构．‎ ‎4. It is important ( necessary, right, strange, natural...) that ...‎ 句型4中，应该记住所列举的形容词，并且记住that 后的从句应用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should ‎ 可以省去．‎ ‎5. It is said (reported, learned....) that ...‎ 句型5中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的主语从句．该结构常译为＂据说（据报道，据悉．．．）＂‎ III.词汇：A. 常用动词用法 (03)‎ consider 考虑 　 consider that．．．　　consider what (how) to do sth. consider doing sth.‎ ‎ 认为 consider that．．．　 consider sb. (sth.) + sb. (sth.)　 consider sb.+ adj.‎ ‎ 把…看作是 consider sb. to be．．． ‎ ‎ consider sb. + p.p.‎ ‎ consider sb.+ 介词短语 ‎ consider ... as 把（某人）看作 come come to do sth.‎ ‎【解析】该结构意为：“逐渐．．．”后面跟不定式表示作某事的过程，所跟的动词常是：like, understand,　realize,　see，know．．．　‎ ‎　　　come to + 名词　　来到（某地） come to + 数词　加起来，共计 ‎　　　come to + 名词　谈到，涉及到 　　　　come to　恢复知觉；苏醒过来 ‎　　　link-v.　come + adj. 　　变得，变成 　come + p.p.‎ ‎　　　come to a conclusion　　做出结论　　　　 come about 发生、产生，造成 ‎ come across （偶然）遇到，找到，想到 come to an end　　　结束 ‎　　　come alone vi.　跟上去；快点；进行 come back　　　　　回想起 ‎　　　come down vi.　下降　　　　 come down from 　从．．．传下来 ‎　　　come from　　来自，是（某地的）人 come into being (existence)开始存在，建立，产生 ‎　　　come into effect (force)　　开始生效　　　 come near (close) to doing sth.　差一点就．．．‎ ‎ 　　 come of　　　　出生于．．．家庭；由．．．造成的，是．．．的结果　‎ ‎　 　 come off 从．．．离开，　脱落 come on (upon)　= come across ‎ come out vi. 出来；出发、出版、出版；开花，发芽 ‎　　　come to 共计、达到 come true 变为现实，实现 ‎ come up 抬头、上来、上升,走过来，到来；提及，被提出；长出来 B. 短语记忆：　‎ either…or既…又 for a moment 一会儿 for a while 一会儿 for example 例如 for instance例如 from time to time 不时 hand over 递过去 in a hurry 匆忙 in case万一 in front of 在…前面 in line 排队 in no mood 无心思(心情)‎ in other words 换言之 in spite of 尽管 instead of 代替 in the course of 在….期间(过程 in the distance 在远处 in the future 将来 just as 正如 lead to 导致 lose one’s nerves 害怕 no longer 不再 no more than同...一样不 not…at all 一点也不 not…either 也不 no only…but also 不但…而且 now and then不时 on board 在船/车上 once in a while 偶尔 on vacation 度假 out of breath 上气不接下气out of control 失控 考前知识清理20天 04‎ I.‎‎ 语法复习：　名词性从句　(主语从句,宾语从句, 表语从句, 同位语从句)‎ 1. that 在引导名词性从句中的用法．‎ 2. whether, if 在引导名词性从句中的用法区别．‎ 3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别及判断．‎ 4. what在引导名词性从句中的用法．‎ 5. 宾语从句中否定转移时应该注意的几个问题．‎ 6. 宾语从句中使用形式宾语it的问题及注意事项．‎ 1. 哪些表语形容词后可以跟从句．‎ 最常用用连词用法辨析 连 词 从 句 种 类 功 用 what 主、宾、表语从句 在从句中充当主、宾、表同时在主句中充当主、宾、表语 that 主、宾、表、同位语、定、状 在名词性从句中引导从句，不充当成分，无词意；定语从句中代替人或物，在从句中充当主、宾。表；在状语从句中引导目的、结果状语从句 whether 主、宾、表、同位语 在从句中引导从句，不充当成分，有词意：“是否”‎ who 主、宾、表、定 在从句中充当主语 which 主、宾、表、定 在名词性从句中充当定语，词意为：“哪一个。。。”；在定语从句中代替物，在从句中充当主、宾语，与介词一起作状语 when 主、宾、表、同位语、定、状 在从句中作时间状语，词意为：“在何时”‎ where 主、宾、表、同位语、定、状 在从句中作地点状语，词意为：“在何处”‎ how 主、宾、表、同位语、状 在从句中作方式状语，词意为：“如何”‎ why 主、宾、表、同位语、定 在从句中作原因状语，词意为：“为什么”‎ ‎　‎ II. 句型复习：‎ ‎ 6. It is suggested ( ordered ... ) that ...‎ 句型6 中的过去分词应该是表示请求，建议，命令等词，that　后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省．常译为＂据建议；有命令．．．）‎ ‎7. It is a pity ( a shame ... ) that ...‎ 句型７中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should以省去．表示出乎意料，常译为＂竟然＂．没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气． ‎ III.词汇：A. 常用动词用法 (07)‎ need 需要 need sth.　 need to do sth. need doing ‎ ‎ 情态动词：用于否定句，疑问句（较少用于肯定句）He needn’t go out for such a thing .　　‎ Need you buy this book ?‎ n. 需要，必要（不可数）；需要的东西（可数）a friend in need 患难之交 in need of　需要 take take sth. 拿，取，带；吃，喝；占领，赢得；take a look at 看一看　　 take a nap 小睡 ‎ ‎　　　　take a taxi 打的 take a job　接受(工作) take a bet打赌　 ‎ ‎ take a chance 碰碰运气，冒．．．风险 take a risk　冒风险 take a seat坐下 ‎　　　　take an interest in　　　对．．．有兴趣 take a photograph ( of ) 照一张相 ‎ be taken up with　忙于（某事）；喜欢 take after 长得像，性格等像 ‎　　　　take aim　瞄准　　　　 take along 随身携带 take ．．．as．．看作，认为 　 take away 拿走；减去； take back收回（诺言，话语等）；送还；退（货）　　‎ take back to　　使回想起　 take care　当心 take care to do sth. ‎ take care that．．． take care of　照料，照顾；当心，注意；处理，对付　　‎ ‎ take charge (of)　负责（处理某事或照料某人）；接管 take ill (sick)　突然生病 　‎ ‎　　　　take cold　感冒，伤风　　　　 take control of 控制住，管住 ‎ take delight (pleasure) in sth.喜欢（做）某事　take delight (pleasure) in doing sth.‎ ‎ take down　拿下来，取下来；记下来　 take effect　　　开始起作用；生效 ‎　　　　take．．．for (to be) sth.（错）当作，以为是 ‎ ‎ take．．．for granted　想当然认为（会是某种情况）；认为是理所当然　take it for granted that．．．‎ ‎　　　　take ．．．for example　　以．．．为例　　　 take hold of　　　抓住；吸引住 B. 短语记忆：　‎ out of sight看不见 over and over 再三 refer to意指，提交 since then从那以后 right away 马上 run away 跑掉 run out 用完，耗尽 side by side　肩并肩 regard…as　把…当作…对待；认为…是… be willing to do sth. 愿意做 ‎ devote … to … 把…贡献于 go over 复习 succeed in成功 give off 放出（气味，热）go by过去，依照 work hard at 致力于 set off (vt.) 引起 pay off 还清 ‎ take an interest in 对…感兴趣 have effect on 对…有影响 set out 出发，开始 have … to do with 与…有关　 believe in 信任 set sail 启航 ‎ 考前知识清理20天 05‎ I.‎‎ 语法复习：　主谓语一致 ‎ ‎１。语法一致原则：　是根据主语的语法标记决定其谓语动词的单数、复数形式。主语为单数，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数。例如：‎ ‎２。意思一致原则：　是指主谓语的一致不是根据其外部语法形式来决定，而是取决于主语所表达的内在涵义，一般有三种情况。‎ ‎① 单数形式的主语，谓语动词用复数。‎ ‎② 复数形式的主语，谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎ ③ 同一词作主语，有时谓语动词用单数有时用复数。‎ ‎３。　就近一致原则：　即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。‎ ‎１）主语是一个抽象概念（包括不定式、动名词和名词性从句作主语），谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎２）如果主语是单数，尽管后面跟有：with , together with , as well as , no less than, rather than , ‎ ‎ like , but , besides , except , as much as, including , along with ...等引起的短语，谓语动词仍然用单数。‎ ‎３）each , some , any , no , every 构成的复合代词；one of +复数名词 , many a , more than one ( a )‎ ‎ 等所修饰的词作主语，它们的谓语都用单数。‎ ‎４） people , police, cattle 等词作主语通常用复数。‎ ‎５） majority , population , class , family , group , team , crowd , audience , army , government, company ,‎ ‎ enemy 等集体名词，按意思一致原则，作为整体，看作单数；指其中一个一个成员，看作复数。‎ ‎６）表示时间、重量、长度、价值等的名词作主语，尽管是复数，谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎７）or , either ... or ... , neither ... nor ... , not ... but ... , not only ... but also... 等连接两个主语时，谓语动词用 就近一致原则。‎ ‎８）以 there , here , such 引起的句子，而主语又不只一个，谓语动词用就近一致原则。‎ ‎９）以what 引起的主语从句，all , most , half , the rest , the remainder 等引起的主语，谓语动词按意思一 致的原则处理。‎ ‎１０）关系词who, that , which 引起的定语从句中的谓语动词应该与先行词在数和人称取得一致。但 ‎ one of + 复数名词 + that从句。从句的谓语动词应用复数，而the ( only ) one of +复数名词 + that ‎ ‎ 从句，从句的谓语动词应用单数。‎ ‎１１）当 the与原级形容词连用，表示一类人时；或某些以-s(es) 结尾的人名，指一家人、夫妻俩或同名 同姓的若干人时，谓语动词用复数。‎ ‎１２） 一些只有复数形式的词作主语时( clothes , trousers , shoes , ...)，谓语动词应用复数形式；但前面有a ‎ pair of 修饰时，则用单数。‎ ‎１３）分数或百分数＋名词构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词则依据短语后面的名词的数来决定。‎ ‎１４）代词 none, neither 作主语时，主要根据说话人的意思来决定。‎ ‎１５）在四则运算中，谓语动词用单、复数均可。　‎ ‎16) a great deal of ( a large amount of , a large quantity of , a lot of ) + 不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎1７）a number of , ( a large quantity of , a lot of ) + 可数名词的复数，谓语动词用复数。但the number of +‎ 主语，其谓语动词用单数。　‎ ‎１８）主语中有连词 and 时，要注意：　　（１）and连接的几个不同事物，谓语动词用复数。‎ ‎（２） and 连接的不同事物，如果它们前面都有定冠词或物主代词修饰，表示不同的对象，谓语动 词用复数；如果定冠词只出现在第一个成分之前，则指的是同一个事物，谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎ （３）通常用两个部件配成的物品，或并列的主语指一种东西或事物、概念时，谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎ （４）在each... and each...,each ... and ... , every ... and... , every ... and evry ... , no ... and no... ‎ ‎ 后面的谓语动词用单数形式。‎ ‎ （５）one and a half 后面应接复数名词，但其谓语动词应用单数。‎ II. 句型复习：‎ ‎ 8. It is time ( about time ,high time ) that ...‎ 句型8中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是① 用过去时态表示虚拟．② should + 动词原形，should 不能省．常译为＂是（正是）．．．的时侯．．．＂‎ ‎ 9. It is the first ( second ... ) time that ...‎ 句型９要和句型８区别开来，该句型中的 that 从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态，至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定，如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态．该结构中 that 可以省去；it有时用 this 替换．常译为＂是第一（二）．．．次．．．＂‎ ‎ 　10. It is .... since ...‎ 句型１０主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时，又要和表示一段时间时间状语连用的问题．主句中是时间作表语，一般是现在时或完成时，since 引导的从句一般是一般过去时态，而且是瞬间动词．如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时．‎ ‎11. It is ... when ...‎ 句型１１中的 when 引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的 it 指时间，表语由具体的时间充当．常译为＂当．．．的时候，是．．．＂‎ ‎　 12. It be ... before ...‎ 句型１２中的主句时态只有将来一般时或过去时两种时态．主句中的表语多是long, not long , 3 days , 2 weeks 等时间．常译为＂．．．之后．．．＂‎ ‎ 13. It happens (seems, appears ) that...‎ 句型号１３中it是形式主语， that 引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen , seem是不及物动词．‎ III.词汇：A. 常用动词用法 (05)‎ do do a good deed 做件好事 　 do away with 废除，破除，取消，消除，干掉 ‎ 　do about sth.　对．．．想某种办法或采取某种行为 　 ‎ ‎ do everything (all) one can 尽一切努力，尽力去做 　 do good　　　做好事 ‎ ‎ do sb. good (harm) = do good (harm) to sb. 对．．．有好处（害处）‎ ‎　 do sb. a favour (kindness)　帮一个忙 do sb. the favour to do sth. (that．．．)　帮忙做．．．‎ ‎　 do one’s best = try one’s best　　尽．．．最大的努力 ‎ do one’s bit (duty) 尽一份力（履行职责，做份内的事） do up 收拾，整理，打扮；包，扎，系 ‎　 do well 做得对，做得好　 do with 处理，安排，多和what连用）‎ ‎ do with 想要，需要（多和can连用） do with 受不了，不能（多和can’t连用）‎ ‎ do something (nothing , anything, little, much) to do with 与．．．有．．．关系 ‎　 do wonder = work wonder 创造奇迹 do wrong 做坏事、犯罪 ‎　 do sb. wrong = do wrong to sb. 委屈，冤枉某人，做对不起某人的事 take take in　接受（房客，客人等），留宿；理解，明白；包括，涉及；（把衣服）改小，改瘦；订阅 ‎　　take it easy　　不要着急；慢慢来 take note of　　　　　注意 ‎　　take notes　　　　作笔记，记笔记　　　　 take notice of　　　理会；注意 ‎　　take off　　　　脱下（衣，帽等）；起飞；匆匆离开；休假，请假；取消　‎ ‎　　take off one’s hat to　佩服；敬重　　　 take on　接受，从事（工作）；雇用；上车，接受乘客 ‎　　take one’s time　　　慢慢来，从容不迫 take out　　　取出，使退色；领取 ‎ take over　　　　　接替(职务)；接管 take part in　　　参加，参与　‎ ‎ take pity on(upon)　　可怜，怜悯　　　　 take place　　　　　发生，举行 ‎ take (a) pride in　为．．．感到自豪（骄傲） take sth. lying down　甘心忍受（而不反抗）‎ ‎ take sides ( in ) 站在….一边 take the place of 代替、取代 ‎ take the chair　　担任主席 take turns (at) doing sth.　‎ take trouble to do sth.　不辞劳苦的做．．．　 take to sth.喜欢；养成某种爱好　　　　 ‎ take to doing sth. take turns to do sth.　轮流做．．．　‎ ‎ take up　　开始学习（课程），选修；从事；向．．．提出；占用（时间）；占掉（空间）‎ B. 短语记忆：　‎ ‎ be admitted to sp. 被…录取 take … by surprise 对…突然袭击/ 出乎…意料 ‎ put effort into sth.(致力于) put into prison = send to prison 送入监狱 ‎ clear up(清理，收拾，打扫) do a word puzzle = do a puzzle in words (猜字谜) ‎ ‎ keep a certain distance away (保持一定的距离) far below (远远低于)‎ absence of 缺乏 access to ...的入口,通路 ‎ addition to sth 增加 admission to /into 进入,入(场,学,会) ‎ admission of sth 承认 advance in 改进,进步 ‎ advantage over 优于...的有利条件 absence from 缺席,不在 ‎ 考前知识清理20天 06‎ I.‎‎ 语法复习：名词 ‎1. 名词的复数问题：‎ A) 加s的问题. B) 加es的问题. C) 不规则的复数问题. D) 复合名词的复数问题.‎ ‎2. 名词的所有格问题.‎ ‎ A) Jane and Mary's room (共有) B) Jane's and Mary's rooms (不共有)‎ ‎ C) at Mr. Green's (家) at the tailor's (店铺)‎ ‎ D) 表示物生命东西的名词,通常用 "of +名词 "表示所有关系.‎ ‎ the gate of the school the window of the door ‎ E) 双重所有格问题 ‎ F) of + 抽象名词=形容词 of importance = important ‎ of + great + 抽象名词 = very + 形容词 of great importance = be very important ‎ of + no + 抽象名词 = not + 形容词 (-less) It is no use . = It is useless.‎ ‎3. 名词短语做状语一般不用介词.‎ She kept washing all day. I told you many times. Come this way, please. ‎ He can walk 50 miles a day. We waited there two hours.‎ 1. 关于dozen, score的用法.‎ ‎　代词 1. one, some any 的用法．‎ 2. each, every 的用法区别．‎ 3. none, no, no one 的用法区别．‎ 4. many , much 的用法区别．‎ 5. other, another 的用法区别．‎ one．．．the other 一个．．．(两个中)另一个 one．．．the other two 一个．．．(三个中)另两个 one．．．another 一个．．．(不定的)另一个 one．．．the others 一个．．．(除一个外的)其它的 one．．．others 一个．．．　(不定的)另几个 1. all, both, none, neither, not all, all …not 的用法区别．‎ ‎7. by oneself, of oneself , for oneself的用法区别．‎ II. 句型复习：‎ ‎ 14. It takes sb. ... to do sth.‎ 句型１４中的不定式是真正的主语，it是形式主语，句型中的直接宾语是时间．常译为＂做．．．要花费某人．．．＂‎ ‎　 15. It is no good (use ) doing sth.‎ 句型号１５中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语可以是no good , ( not any good ) , no use , ( not any use )‎ ‎16. It doesn't matter whether ( if ) ... 句型１６常译为　＂不论（是否）．．．没关系．．．‎ ‎17. It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth.‎ 句型１７中的不定式如果须要逻辑主语，则须要前置介词 of而句型中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词，常见的有： bad , brave , careless, clever , cruel , foolish , good （好心的）, honest , horrible , kind , lazy , modest , naughty , nice（有教养的）, polite, rude , silly , stupid , wise , wrong（错误的） 　　　　　　　　　‎ 这个句型可以改写为：　sb. is kind to do sth.‎ III.词汇：A. 常用动词用法 (06)‎ have have sth. = have got sth.　有；　　 have sth. 吃，喝，‎ ‎　 have a talk (rest, look at, drink, wash, fight, walk, dream, bath, dance, smoke．．．‎ ‎ have a good trip 一路顺风 have a talk with 与．．．谈话have a test 参加测验 ‎ 使．．．(做)．．．have sb. do sth.　 have sb. Done have sb. doing sth. have sb. + 介词短语／副词 had better do sth.　最好（做．．．） have a ．．．time 过得．．．　 ‎ have．．．about (on) sb. 身边带有．have a word (a few words) with 和．．．讲（几）句话　　‎ have an effect on (upon)　对．．．有影响 have difficulty in ( doing ) sth.（做）．．．有困难（麻烦） ‎ have pity on 可怜，　同情 have none of 不允许 have on着，带着　　有事、有约会 ‎ have something to do with 有．．．要做have．．．to do with和．．．有关系 have sports 进行体育活动 pay pay sth.　偿还；交付 pay sb. sth. I paid him $5000 yesterday. ‎ ‎ pay sb.　I haven’t paid the doctor. pay back　偿还　vt.‎ ‎ pay for　vt. 赔偿，为．．．付出代价 pay off vt. 还清, 得到回报 His hard work paid off at last.‎ ‎　 pay a visit to sb. = pay a call on ab. 访问，拜望 pay attention to 　　注意 B. 短语记忆：　‎ ‎ anxiety for sth 渴望 apology to sb for sth 道歉 appeal to sb for sth 恳求,呼吁 ‎ ‎ appeal for 魅力,吸引力 appetite for 对...的欲望 application 把...应用于... ‎ argument of sth/to sth 赞成/反对...的理由 for /against attack on 对...的进攻,评击 ‎ arrangement for 对...的安排 complaint of /about 报怨,控告 concern about/for/over 担心 ‎ attention to 对...的注意 attraction for 对...的吸引力 balance between ...之间的平衡 ‎ ‎ belief in 对...的信仰,相信 check on 检查,阻止 attempt at/to do 尝试, 企图 考前知识清理20天 07‎ I.‎‎ 语法复习：　数词 ‎1. 数词作定语，表语．‎ ‎2. 顺序编号中的数词． 事物名词＋基数词 序数词＋事物名词 ‎3. 年，月，日的表达顺序． 时间小的在前，大的在后．要注意标点符号 ‎4. 时间与地点同时出现的问题． ‎ ‎ 在同一句中，如果时间状语和地点状语都在谓语动词后，按习惯，地点在前，时间在后．‎ ‎5. “一个半．．．”的表达法． one pound and a half one and a half years ‎6. 带数词的成语． twos and threes　　　三三两两at sixes and sevens 　乱七八糟 ‎7. 数词的修饰语问题．‎ ‎ 形容数目很大，常用full, solid 于名词前； good, all of, no less than, as…as , 用于数词前. ‎ ‎ 形容数目小常用barely, scarcely, no more than等于数词前．‎ ‎ 形容“恰好”，“不多不少”，常用clear (名词前) sharp (后置定语) more or less (数词前)．‎ ‎ 表示“大约”，“大致”常用nearly, almost, close to, some, about等于数词前，or so(句末),more or less(句末)．‎ ‎8小数，分数，百分比引导的短语作主语时的主谓一致问题．‎ ‎ 分数和百分数引导的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数应根据分数和百分数后面的名词来确定．如果是可数名词的复数，其谓语动词用复数形式；如果是不可数名词或单数可数名词其谓语动词用单数形式．‎ 首选原则 １． 在宾语补足语或表语中，如有形容词，及物动词的过去分词表示状态．应该首选形容词．　‎ ２． 在选择动名词或名词做宾语时，应该首选名词．‎ ３． 在名词性从句中，当主句中差宾语而从句中又差主语时，whomever, whoever, whom, who 应首选whoever 或who引导从句．‎ II. 句型复习：‎ ‎ 18. It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth.‎ 句型１８中的真正主语是不定式短语，不定式的逻辑主语前必须 用介词 for，主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的形容词，常见的形容词有：① important, necessary, natural ② easy , safe , common , normal , hard , difficult , dangerous , unusual, rare , impossible , pleasant 在①中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写，如：‎ ‎　It is important for her to come to the party. = It is important that she (should ) come to the party ‎ 19. It looks ( seems ) as if ...‎ 句型１９中的 as if 引导一个状语从句，常译为，＂看起来好象．．．＂如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气． It looks as if he is ill.（真的病了）It looks as if he were ill. （没有生病）It seemed as if he were dying.‎ ‎20. We think it important to learn a foreign language.‎ ‎　　该句型中的it 作形式宾语。为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为“6123结构”。‎ ‎　　6 指主句中常用的动词：think, believe, make, find, consider, feel；‎ ‎　　1 指的是形式宾语 it；　‎ ‎　　2 指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词；‎ ‎　　3 指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。‎ III.词汇：A. 常用动词用法 (07)‎ prove 证明 prove sth.　　　 prove that．．．　　　　　 prove sb. + adj.　‎ ‎ prove sb. + 名词 prove sb. to be ．．．link-v. 证明是，后来事实证明是 prove sth.　　　　　　 prove + adj. prove to be ．．．‎ get link.v. 变得 get + adj. get + p.p.‎ ‎ get to do 逐渐．．．（常和know ,realize, understand等连用）get sb. to do sth.　使．．．做．．． get sth. + p.p. 请别人做某事；使某事完成 get sth. + adj. ‎ ‎ get about vi. = get around　（消息）传开，传出去；四处走动 ‎　　　　get along (well) with 　 get on (well) with进展（顺利）；情况（好）；相处（好）‎ ‎　　　　get away from 离开，走开；逃走，跑掉，躲开 ‎　　　　get back 回来；放回去；要回来；恢复 get by （走）过去，通过，过下去 ‎ get close to 接近 get down　下来；去下来，吃下去；跪下来；写下来 ‎ get down to sth. 开始认真干．．． get hold of 抓住，找到 ‎　　　　get in 收庄稼 get in touch with 和．．．联系 ‎ get into the habit (hobby) of　养成．．．的习惯（爱好） get into 　进入，陷入 ‎　　　　get off　　下车；离开，动身，起飞；脱下来；下班；寄走 ‎ ‎ get married 结婚 get on上车（船等）穿上；继续干 ‎ get out　出来；传出去；愈； get rid of　摆脱，除掉，处理掉 ‎ get together　聚首，欢聚，碰出版，拟出来 get out of 从．．．得到，逃避，避免；改掉（习惯） ‎ get over　克服，摆脱；痊头，聚会 ‎ get through 做完，看完；通过（考试）；通过（议案）；接通．．．的电话；度过（时间）；穿过 ‎　　　 get to　到（某一时刻，某一年龄，某一地方）；　开始（做某事）；　‎ ‎ get up 起床，举办，组织；打扮，装饰，化妆；记熟 B. 短语记忆：　‎ ‎ confidence in 对...的信任,相信 connection between; 关系,连接 ‎ contest for sth 争夺,竞争 contrast to/with sth 对比,对照 contribution to 贡献,捐献,促成 ‎ damage to sth 损坏 danger to sb/sth 危险 defence against 防御,保卫 delegate to 参加...的代表 demand for 对...的需求 departure from 离开 ‎ desire for sth 渴望 difference between...in... 不同,差异下 difference between...over... 分歧 doubt about/as to 怀疑 effect on 对...的作用 emphasis on 对...的强调,注重 ‎ 考前知识清理20天 08‎ I.‎‎ 语法复习：　反意疑问句 01‎ 附加疑问句的主要形式：‎ 肯定的陈述句+否定的附加疑问句 否定的陈述句+肯定的附加疑问句 一、反意疑问句的一般情况 1． 当陈述部分的主语是：等everyone, everybody, someone, no one, nobody, somebody合成代词时，附加疑问句的主语非正式文体中往往they用。（也可以按语法一致原则用单数。）‎ 2． 当陈述部分以one定代词做主语时，附加疑问句的主语在正式常合用one，非正式常合you用。‎ 3． 当陈述部分的主语是不定式、动名词、从句、this或that，附加疑问句的主语用。（是those,these则用they）‎ 4． 当陈述部分的主语是表示物的不定代词everything, anything, nothing等，附加疑问句的主语用it。‎ 5． 陈述部分带有否定词或半否定词，例如：seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, little, nowhere, nothing，附加疑问句的动词， 要用肯定形式。‎ ‎6. 如果陈述部分中的否定词仅带有否定的前缀或后缀，那么该陈述句应作肯定句处理，附加疑问句应用 否定形式。‎ 二、常见句型的反意疑问句 ‎7. 当陈述部分是there be 存在句型时，附加疑问句的主语也用there。‎ ‎8. 感叹句的附加疑问句，其谓语要求用否定句。‎ ‎9. 祈使句后面的附加疑问句问题 ‎ A) 祈使句是否定形式，附加疑问句只能用will you。‎ ‎ B) 祈使句是肯定形式，附加疑问句用肯定、否定均可。‎ C) Let开头的祈使句要注意：‎ 1. Let’s 在意义上包含谈话的对方在内，表示提出建议或征求对方意见，其反意疑问句 ‎ 往往用shall we。‎ ‎2. Let us 在意义上一般不包含谈话的对方在内，表示请求对方允许做某事的含义，let 有allow的意思。附加疑问部分用will you。‎ ‎3. Let me 开头表示请求，附加疑问句用will you，或用may I。‎ 三、复合句的反意疑问句 ‎10. 当陈述部分是一个（带that引导宾语从句的）主从复合句时，附加疑问句的主谓要和主句的主谓保持对应关系。但是， 当陈述部分的主语是：I suppose, I think, I believe, I imagine, I expect等结构时，附加疑问句的主语和谓语要和从句的主语，谓语保持一致关系。而且要注意到否定的转移问题。‎ ‎11.当陈述部分是I’m sure that,；we are sure；I’m afraid that；We are sure that；I feel sure that 等后面跟宾语从句时，反意疑问句与后面的宾语从句一致。‎ ‎12.当陈述部分是并列句时，附加疑问句的主谓语要合离它最近的句子的主谓保持对应关系。‎ 四、关于情态动词的反意疑问句 ‎13．陈述部分中有have一词，且表示“所有”含义时，附加疑问句部分既可用have也可用do。‎ ‎14. 陈述部分中有have to，附加疑问句部分用do。‎ ‎15. 陈述部分带有情态动词ought to，附加疑问句部分，英国人用ought to形式；但在美国人中常用should。‎ ‎16. 陈述部分有used to，附加疑问句部分可用used 也可以用did 。‎ ‎17. 陈述部分有needn’t时，附加疑问句部分用need但有时也可用must。‎ ‎18. 陈述部分有must，且表示“必须”时，附加疑问句部分用mustn’t，如果表示“必要”则用needn’t。‎ ‎19. 陈述部分中是mustn’t表示“禁止”时，附加疑问句部分用must。‎ 陈述部分中的must表示“一定”、“想必”等推测意义时，附加疑问句部分而是根据陈述部分的谓语动词或其助动词来定。‎ ‎20. 陈述部分是I wish， 表示询问或征求意见，附加疑问部分用may I。‎ ‎21. 弄清陈述句中的’d rather = would rather；’d better = had better附加疑问句部分前者用would，后者用had。其它特殊结构的反意疑问句 ‎22. 陈述部分的主语是each of...结构时，附加疑问句在强调整体时用they，当作个别时用he。‎ ‎23. 陈述部分有neither...nor...(either...or...)做并列主语，附加疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。‎ ‎ 陈述部分是：I’m ....结构，附加疑问句一般用aren’t I?‎ II. 句型复习：‎ ‎ 21. It is (just) like sb. to do sth.‎ ‎ 该句型为“某人（恰恰）是。。。这个样子”。用来表示赞扬或不满，若用否定式，则表示怀疑。‎ ‎　　It’s like him to leave the work to others. 他就是这样的一个人，把工作推给别人。‎ It isn’t like him to have said anything like that. 他可不是说出那种话的人。‎ ‎22. It is up to sb. to do sth. 该句型为“该由某人做。。。”。该句型中up后的to是介词。‎ It is up to him to clean our classroom today. 今天应由他做教室清洁。‎ It is up to parents to teach their children manners. 该由父母教孩子礼貌。‎ II. 句型复习：‎ 1. do nothing but do sth. could not choose but do sth.‎ There is nothing to do but do sth. Sb. has nothing to do but do sth.‎ desire(care for) nothing but to do sth. have no choice but to do sth.‎ 2. He is dead. He has died. He has been dead for three years.‎ 3. He left home two weeks ago. It is two weeks since he left home.‎ He has been away from home for two weeks.‎ 4. Do you mind if I smoke here ? Do you mind my(me) smoking here ?‎ Would you mind if I smoked here ?‎ 5. After she had worked for four hours, she stopped to have a rest.‎ ‎= Having worked for four hours, she stopped to have a rest.‎ We caught sight of a wolf while we ere climbing the mountain.‎ ‎= While climbing the mountain, we caught sight of a wolf.‎ III.词汇：A. 常用动词用法 (08)‎ put put sth.　　　　　　放，搁 put sth. +介词短语　 使．．．处于某种状态　‎ ‎　　　put sb. to do sth.　　使．．．做．．． put aside　　　　　 放下，放在一边 ‎　　　put away　　　　　收起来 put back　　　　　 放回原处；推迟 ‎　　　put down　　　　　放下，写下；镇压，取缔 put ... in prison 把…投进监狱 ‎ put off　　　　　　put off + n. put off + doing sth.　　　推迟，延期 ‎　　　put on 　　　　穿上，戴上，上演，表演，装出 put on weight 发福、　增加体重 ‎ put out 　　　　扑灭．使熄灭；出版；广播 put though　　　　 接通电话　‎ ‎ put sb. to the trouble of 麻烦某人（做…） put up with　　　　 忍受，容忍 ‎ put up　　　　　举起手来；延伸；搭建；张贴；挂上；住宿，过夜 ‎ refer vi. refer to ‎ ‎　　　The speaker often referred to his notes. 查阅　　　　　　‎ ‎ When I said some people were foolish, I wasn’t referring to you. 指．．．而言，指的是 ‎ This rule refers to everybody here.　适用于 ‎ He referred to it once or twice.　提到，谈到 ‎ refer to ．．．as．．．把．．．称作．．．（与as连用） We refer to him as fellow.　　　‎ ‎ refer．．．to．．　让．．．处理；归功于，归咎于　‎ ‎ The doctor referred the patient to a specialist. He refers his success to his hard-working. ‎ B. 短语记忆：　‎ ‎ encounter with 遭遇,遇到 enthusiasm about/for 热情 entrance to ...的入口,入场 ‎ ‎ envy of sb 嫉妒 exception to ...的例外 of /at sth exposure to sth 暴露 ‎ ‎ fancy for sth 喜爱 faith in 对...的信任,信仰 glance at 扫视 ‎ gratitude to sb 感激 guess at sth 猜测 for sth hatred for/of 仇恨 ‎ hunger for 渴望 improvement on/in 对...的改进,提高 increase in sth 增加,增长 ‎ independence from 独立,自主influence on 对...的影响 invitation to 邀请 ‎ investment in sth 投资 loyalty to sb/sth 忠诚 memorial to sb/sth 纪念碑 objection to sth 反对 pity for sb/sth 可怜,怜悯 in favour of ...赞成,支持 ‎ ‎ 考前知识清理20天 09‎ 语法复习：　不定式 ‎1. 不定式的基本特征： 主动的，表将来的，表目的．‎ ‎2. 不定式做主语时，谓语动词怎样在人称与数方面保持一致．‎ ‎3. 可以用不定式做宾语的动词：want , like , wish, hate, prefer, hope, continue, manage, try, ask, offer, start, ‎ forget, promise, mean, pretend,begin, decide, learn, agree, expect等．‎ ‎4. 可以用wh-＋不定式做宾语的动词．‎ ‎ ask, decide, explain, forget, know, learn, remember, see, tell, show, teach, discuss, wonder, advise 等．‎ ‎5. 不定式做宾补的注意事项：　A) 使役动词后的宾补． B)感官动词后的宾补．‎ ‎6. 不定式作定语时应注意的事项：　A)不定式的主动式或被动式的选择． B)与被修饰词的逻辑关系．‎ ‎7. 不定式作状语．　A) in order to so as to (表目的)‎ B) be glad to do sth. (表原因，注意该句型的形容词)　C)only to do sth. (表结果，多数有only在前．)‎ ‎8. … too… to… 与 … enough to do sth. 的转换问题．‎ ‎9. 是不是凡是too… to… 结构都能译成“太．．．而不能．．．”？‎ ‎10. 省略不定式符号的几种情况：　A) 感官动词，使役动词后的宾补中． B)help后作宾语或宾补中．‎ ‎ C) had better , would rather, would sooner, rather than 后． ‎ ‎ D) but, except 位于do + anything(nothing, everything)后．‎ ‎　E) 由and , or 连接两个不定式，第二个不定式前可省略．‎ II. 句型复习：‎ 1. It’s good (bad) for …‎ 2. I’m afraid that he will not come. I wonder if you can do it.‎ 1. So long as one inch of this deck remains above water, there is hope.‎ 2. By the end of last week, he had finished this book.‎ By the end of the week, he will have finished the work.‎ 3. It is (was) up to sb. (It is / was sb.’s duty.)‎ It is (was) up to sb. to do sth.‎ It is one’s turn to do sth.‎ ‎6. When summer comes on, the weather is getting hotter and hotter.‎ ‎= Summer going on, the weather is getting hotter and hotter.‎ As there was nothing to do, they sat there talking. =There being nothing to do, they sat there talking.‎ If more time is given, we can do it better. = More time given, we an do it better.‎ As he was poor, he doesn’t send his child to school. = Being poor, he doesn’t send his child to school.‎ ‎7. She sat in the corner and her tears were streaming down her cheeks.‎ ‎= She sat in the corner, with tears streaming down her cheeks.‎ The daughter sat quite still, and her eyes were fixed on the ground.‎ ‎=The daughter sat quite still, with her eyes fixed on the ground.‎ Having so many essays to write, I doubt if I shall have time to visit you.‎ ‎= With so many essays to write, I doubt if I shall have time to visit you.‎ ‎8．Fish sleep when their eyes are open. = Fish sleep , with their eyes open.‎ The teacher felt sad because so many pupils had gone away.‎ ‎= with so many pupils away, the teacher felt sad.‎ The mayor of New York stood and he had a hat on his head. ‎ ‎= The mayor of New York stood , with a hat on his head.‎ III.词汇：A. 常用动词用法 (09)‎ ‎ call sb. 叫(喊)某人, 给某人打电话 ‎ call sb. + 名词 sb. + adj. 说．．．是．．．，　认为．．． ‎ ‎ call attention to 　引起对．．．的注意 call away　 叫走了 ‎　　　　call back 回电话；叫回去 call for 要求、号召、约请 ‎ call in 招集、招来,找来；请来；收回 call names　骂（人）　‎ ‎　　　　call on (upon) sb. = call at sb’s house ．．．　　拜望，去会（某人）‎ ‎ 　call on (upon) sb. to do sth. 叫（请）某人作某事；号召；要求；呼吁 ‎ call at ( a place ) 访问（某地） call on 拜访、访问 ‎ call out to sb. = shout at sb. 向某人吼（叫喊） call up　　给某人打电话；　叫．．．起床 ‎ n．pay (make) a call on sb.　　　　　访问某人 =pay a visit to sb.‎ ‎ give sb. a call = male a calltosb. 给．．．打电话 on call 随叫随到，　随时可用 trouble trouble sb. 麻烦, 打扰 trouble sb. to do sth. trouble sb. + 时间 ‎ sb. (not) trouble to do sth. 费事,烦心 be troubled with 受(某种病痛)之苦 ‎ fish in troubled water 浑水摸鱼 trouble about (doing) sth. 为…费事 ‎ trouble … for sth. 麻烦(某人)递给… trouble one's heart about 为…烦心 n. asking (looking) for trouble 自寻烦恼 (be) in trouble 有烦事,有困难 get into trouble 遇到麻烦, 出事 get sb. into trouble 给人找麻烦;使人陷入困境 have trouble (in) doing sth. 有困难, 费事 have trouble with sth. (应付…时)有困难 make trouble 制造麻烦 put sb. to trouble 给某人制造麻烦 save (spare) trouble 省事,避免麻烦 take trouble to do sth. 费事做某事 take trouble over sth. (在…方面)下功夫 troublemaker 捣乱分子 troublesome 伤脑筋的, 使人头痛的 B. 短语记忆：　‎ service to 服务,贡献 skill at 技巧,熟练 solution to ...的解决办法 ‎ sorrow at/for/over 悲哀,悲痛 sympathy for 对...的同情 sympathy with 对...的赞同 ‎ taste for 对...的爱好,喜爱 taste in 对...的审美能力 trust in 对...的信赖,信任 ‎ wish for 欲望,愿望 hungry for 渴望 invisible to 不可见的 ‎ protest against sth 抗议 against sth provision for/against 准备 pull at/on sth 拉,拖 ‎ ‎ reaction to 对...的反应 reason for 原因,理由 regard for 对...的注意,尊重 ‎ reply to sb/sth 对...的回答 request for sth 要求 research on/into 对...的研究,调查 ‎ response to 对...的回答,反应 responsibility for 责任,负责 search for 对...的搜寻 考前知识清理20天 10‎ I.‎‎ 语法复习：　　分词 1. 分词的基本特征 A) 现在分词 主动的，表进行的，表特征的；‎ B) 过去分词　　　　被动的，表完成的，表状态的．‎ ‎2. 不是任何动词都可以用于过去分词．(只有及物动词才可以用作过去分词.)‎ ‎3. 如何使用分词作定语，状语，宾补． 4. 现在分词作表语与过去分词作表语的区别．‎ ‎5. have sb. (sth.) do (doing , done )的使用区别． 6. make ab. doing sth. 怎么回事？‎ ‎7. 独立主格结构的用法． 8. 如何使用分词短语化简复合句．‎ ‎9. 分词作定语时应该注意的问题．(missing , lost ; remaining ,left等)‎ II. 句型复习： ‎ ‎1. I wish to do sth. I wish for sth. I wish sb. to do sth.‎ I wish that sb. did/ had done/ could do sth.‎ ‎2. How long have you been here ? How soon will you be back ?‎ How often do you see him ?‎ ‎3. What is the weight (distance, number, population, price …) of …?‎ ‎4. How will you deal with…? What will you do with…?‎ ‎5. You are (have, can, will), so am (have, can, shall) I.‎ You aren’t (haven’t, can’t, won’t) , neither (nor) am (have, can, shall) I.‎ You are not…, I am not … either.‎ ‎…. So it is with … (It is the same with…)‎ He is a student. So he is.‎ ‎6. Child as he is , … Much as I like it, … Try as you may (will), …‎ ‎7. It must be him / her．．．． 13. What do you feel like doing sth. ?‎ ‎8. I'd rather (not) do sth. 14. I'd like to do sth. 15. I'd like sb. to do sth.‎ ‎9. I want / intent / wish / plan to do sth. 16. I haven't decided what / where to．．．．‎ ‎10.It is time that ．．．did sth. = It is time for sb. to do sth. = It is time to do sth.‎ ‎11. Please remember me to sb. 17. It is a pity that ．．．．‎ ‎12. have (something, nothing, little, much )in common with III.词汇：A. 常用动词用法 (10)‎ break break away 突然逃掉或离开；断绝往来；改掉（习惯）；破除（旧做法）‎ ‎　 break away from 脱离．．．‎ ‎ break down （身体）垮了；（谈话）中断；（机器）坏了；压倒，克服 ‎　　　break forth 突然（迸出）‎ ‎　　　break in 突然进入，非法进入；插嘴，打岔 ‎　　　break into 破门而入；突然，一下子．．．；打扰，打断 ‎　　　break out　　　　　　爆发； 　　　　　　突然（大声地）vt.‎ ‎　 　 break off vt. 打断,折断；　中断，断绝（关系）‎ ‎ 　break through 突破，打通 ‎ break up 分散,折散；分解；腐蚀 ‎ break the rule 违反规定 mind 当心，注意 mind + 名词　　　　　　　　mind + that．．．‎ ‎　　　　介意，在乎（主要用于疑问句和否定句） mind + if ．．．　　　mind doing sth.‎ ‎ mind that．．． mind + 名词 ‎ never mind 没关系，不要紧 Would you mind doing sth ?　劳驾，可否请你．．．？‎ ‎　　　　Would you mind if I did sth. ? 我可以（做）．．．吗？‎ ‎　　　　= Do you mind if I do sth. ?　 =Can /May I do sth. ?‎ ‎ change one’s mi　　改变主意 　 keep in mind 　记住 ‎　　　　keep one’s mind on．．聚精会神干．．． ‎ ‎　make up one’s mind to do sth.　决定做．．． make up one’s mind that．．．‎ B. 短语记忆：　‎ in honour of 为祝贺 from then on 从那时起 above all 首先 　　ground floor　底楼 at sea 在海上 in charge of 负责 in search of 寻找 rather than　　宁愿 hot dog 热狗 now and then 有时 day by day 一天天 in a word　　总之 in debt 欠债 cash crop 经济作物 hand in hand手挽手 heart and soul　全心全意地 masses of 许多 in battle 在战斗中 once in a while 偶尔 ‎ on board 在(船，机)上 on the point of 正要 in a flash　 瞬间，立即 the moment　此刻 一。。就 reception desk 接待处 at the mercy of 受…支配 department store 百货公司 in search of 寻找 far below 远远低于 ‎ 考前知识清理20天 11‎ I.‎‎ 语法复习：　　动名词 1. 能用动名词作宾语的的动词：　consider can't help can't stand enjoy excuse escape practise put off miss mind avoid risk give up finish imagine ‎　keep suggest ‎2. 用动名词作宾语．而用不定式作宾补的动词：　advise allow permit encourage 2. ‎"八大金刚" remember forget stop mean try regret agree go on ‎4. need , demand, want, require 表示“需要”的用法． ‎ ‎5. 动名词作定语与现在分词作定语的区别．‎ ‎6. 状语中的动名词．‎ ‎7. 动名词的复合结构．‎ II. 句型复习： ‎ ‎1.three times as large (long, wide, high, deep…) as…‎ three times lager (longer, eider, higher, deeper…) than…‎ three times the size (length, width, height, depth…) of ….‎ ‎2. The more…, the more….‎ ‎3. more than ; more…than; not more than; not more… than; ‎ no more than; no more…than… more and more ; more or less ‎4. He must be at home. He must be having breakfast.‎ He must have met her yesterday. He can’t have come yesterday.‎ ‎5.Both of us can do it. Either of us can do it. Neither of us can do it. Both of us cannot do it.‎ All of us can do it. Any of us can do it. None of us can do it.‎ All of us cannot do it. = Not all of us can do it. = Some of us cannot do it. = Not everyone of us can do it.‎ 1. It’s good (bad) for …‎ 2. I’m afraid that he will not come. I wonder if you can do it.‎ 3. So long as one inch of this deck remains above water, there is hope.‎ 4. By the end of last week, he had finished this book.‎ By the end of the week, he will have finished the work.‎ 5. It is (was) up to sb. (It is / was sb.’s duty.)‎ It is (was) up to sb. to do sth. It is one’s turn to do sth.‎ III.词汇：A. 常用动词用法 (11)‎ turn turn down 关小、调低 sth. turn 　　　转动，转身，拐弯；翻身 ‎　　　　link-v. turn +adj. 　　　turn + 名词 He turned traitor.　变得 ‎　　　　turn sth.　　转动，使转动 turn into　　　变为 ‎　　　　turn off　　关上（收音机，电灯，龙头）；离开（公路）　‎ ‎ turn on　　　　打开 turn out　　关掉（电灯，煤气）；‎ ‎　　　　turn out to be．．．　turn out +adj. / adv. turn out that．． 结果是，最后情况是．．．　　‎ ‎　　　　turn over 翻动、耕翻 turn to 　　求助于；查阅；变成 ‎　　　　turn up　vi. 出现；发生　vt.查找；开火 by turns　　轮流 ‎　　　　in turn　　一个挨一个地 take one’s turn to do sth轮 ‎ fall sb. fall to (doing) sth.　　开始干某事　　 sb. fall + adj. / n.进入某种状态 ‎　　　　fall behind in sth.　　　　落在后面 fall down　　跌倒，垮下来；失败 ‎　　　　fall in love with sb.　　　爱上某人 fall into the habit of 养成．．．习惯 ‎　　　　fall into the hands of 　　落入．．．手中，由．．．掌握 ‎　　　　fall into　　　　　　　　陷入．．．状态；分成几个部分 ‎ It fall to sb. to do sth. 　　轮到某人做某事，应由某人做某事　‎ ‎ fall off 跌落、下降 fall over 跌倒、倒下 B. 短语记忆：　‎ struggle against 与…作斗争 make use of利用 clear away清除 run out of 　用完 deal with / do with 对付 point to 指向 pay attention to　重视 hear about听到关于 in place　　在适当的位置 run out 用完 lose one’s sight 失明 die out逐渐绝灭 blow away 吹走，刮走 take it easy 不紧张 turn … into… 把…变(译)成 hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸 go off (to ) 离去 depend on依靠 apologize to sb. for sth.因…向…道歉 get off　爆炸，进行 put down 放下，记下 treat … as..把…当作…对待 drop in 拜望 keep back 阻止，隐瞒 change…for..　用..换… be anxious about 对…焦急 bring down降低，打落 take the place of　　代替 call in　　来访，收回 carry off 带去，抢走 考前知识清理20天 12‎ I.‎‎ 语法复习：　　独立主格结构 ‎1. 独立主格结构的作用.‎ ‎　主句前：　作时间，原因，条件等状语．‎ ‎　主句后：　作方式，伴随状语．‎ ‎2. 独立主格结构的构成：　名词(代词) + 分词(形容词,副词,介词短语)‎ ‎3. 独立主格结构中出现现在分词与过去分词的使用区别.　‎ ‎4. 如何利用独立主格结构化简复合句.‎ 省略与代替 1. 省略与代替的作用是什么?‎ 2. so代替前面句子中已经表达过的词,短语或句子(多是宾与从句). 与so 连用的常用动词有：‎ hope , believe, think , be afraid , expect , surprise, imagine等．‎ 1. 用not代替so的情况.　‎ 2. 用不定式符号代替不定式. 5. 用do在句子中代替其它动词.‎ 关于后置定语的问题 ‎1. some, any, anything, nobody, somewhere, nothing等词的修饰语要后置．‎ ‎2. else修饰somebody, what, who, something 时，要后置．‎ ‎3.不定式短语，动名词短语，分词短语，介词短语做定语要后置．‎ ‎4. proper（本身）,present（在场的，出席的）, involved（有关的）, ‎ ‎ concerned相关的）,（left 剩下的）, objecting （反对的）, ‎ ‎ mentioned （提及的）, selected （当选的）等词做定语要后置．‎ ‎5. a-开头的形容词做定语要后置．如：alike, alive, alone, asleep．．．‎ II. 句型复习：用于双宾语句型的动词：‎ write bring fetch 　 give hand leave lend make take tell wish pass pay promise read sell send show sing 　teach　‎ 如果谓语动词是下列动词, 直接宾语放在宾语之前, 应加介词for.‎ ‎ build buy 　choose cook cut do draw 　find get save make ‎ 比较级 + than + any other + 名词（单数） He is taller than any other student in his class. ‎ ‎ = He is the tallest student in his class. ‎ ‎ 比较级 + than + all other + 名词（复数） He does better than all other boys here.‎ ‎ 比较级 + than ( + any of ) + the other + 名词（复数）He is taller than ( any of ) the other students in his class.‎ ‎ 比较级 + than + ( any of ) + the othersHe is taller than any of the others .‎ ‎ 比较级 + than + anyone( anybody , anything ) + elseHe is taller than anyone else in his class.‎ ‎ No one ( Nobody, Nothing ) +．．．+ 比较级 + than + ．．． No one is taller than he in his class. ‎ ‎ No one ( Nobody , Nothing ) + ．．．+ so ( as ) + 原级 + as + ．．．No one is as tall as he.‎ III.词汇：A. 常用动词用法 (23)‎ ‎ keep keep sth.　保持，保留，留下，保留　　　keep up with 　跟上 ‎　　　　link.v. 保持，继续 keep + adj. / adv.　　keep + 介词短语　　　 keep sb. (sth.) + 分词 ‎ keep sb. (sth.) + adj. / adv.　 keep sb. (sth.) + 介词短语 ‎ keep a close watch on　　密切注视 keep a diary　　记日记 ‎　　　　keep a record 作记录 keep an eye on　　　瞧着点，　照看 ‎　　　　keep doing sth.老是做．．． keep on doing sth. 老是不断做．．．‎ ‎　　　　keep body and soul together　维持生命 keep ．．．from．．． 阻止．．．做．．．‎ ‎　　　　keep back　　　　　　　　忍住, 留下 keep fit 保持健康 ‎ keep in touch with 与…保持联系 keep on ( doing sth. ) 继续（做某事）‎ ‎ keep one’s word　　　　守信 keep ．．．in mind 　　　记住 ‎　　　　keep silence　　　　　保持安静，保持沉默keep up　　保持，继续（做．．．）‎ find 找到 sb. find sth. sb. find sb. sth. ‎ 发现sb. find sb. (sth.) + adj.　 sb. find sb. (sth.) + n.‎ ‎ sb. find sb. (sth.) + 现在分词　　　 sb. find sb. (sth.) + 过去分词 ‎ sb. find sb. (sth.) + adv. sb. find sb. (sth.) + 介词短语 ‎ sb. find sb. (sth.) + to be．．． sb. find that．．． find out了解，打听清楚 B. 短语记忆：　‎ be about to do sth. 　即将做．．．　 be anxious about 为．．．而忧虑 be busy with 　忙于．．． be fit for 适合于　‎ be fond of 爱好、喜爱 be made from 由．．．制造 be made up of 由．．．组成 be familiar with 对．．．熟悉 be famous for 因．．．而著名 be popular with sb. 受某人欢迎 be rich in 在．．．充足（充裕） be tired of 厌烦做某事 be uncertain about 对．．．不确定 be used to 习惯于 new comer (新来者) narrow escape(九死一生) bamboo short(竹笋) fine rain(细雨)‎ ‎ milk powder(奶粉) general cleaning(大扫除) power station(发电站) hope project(希望工程)‎ ‎ grown-up(成年人) middle-aged(中年的) outer space(外太空) ‎ good-looking(好看的) hot point(热点) funny-looking(样子好笑的) hot line(热线)‎ ‎ 考前知识清理20天 13‎ I.‎‎ 语法复习：　　形容词．副词 ‎1. 多个形容词做定语的一般排列顺序．‎ ‎（前置、冠词、不所指，数词、性质、状态词，大小、形状、新温度，色国、材料、动名词。）‎ ‎2. 形容词副词的比较等级．‎ 少数单音节词，特别是分词形容词用加 more 或most 构成。 real tired pleased stupid fit 以 a 开头的形容词的比较级或最高级也是加 more 或加most 构成。 afraid alike A. 比较的等级 B. 比较的对象 C. 比较的范围　‎ ‎3. 用比较级表示最高级．倍数问题．‎ ‎4. 比较级前面的修饰语问题．‎ ‎5. 形容词句型．‎ ‎6. 常见形容词，副词的用法区别．‎ 情态动词　(1)‎ 主要用法 ‎【表示能力】can to able to　这两个都可以表示能力。can指单纯的表示一个人有某种能力。而be able to 则表示某人通过努力、克服困难做成某事。另外be able to还可以用于各种时态；can只能用 于现在或过去(could)。‎ ‎【表示许可】　can ( could ) may ( might ) 可以表示许可。用它们的过去式，则语气更加委婉、客 气。can主要用于第一、二人称。may主要用于第一人称。‎ 注意：用May I…征求对方的许可比较正式，语气比较客气；而用Can I….常用于口语中。‎ ‎【表示必须】must have to ought to should都可以表示必须、应该、必要。但它们用法各异。‎ ‎ must 表示要做什么的愿望是发自内心的主动的；‎ ‎ have to 指要做某事是被动的受某种压力而为的；‎ ‎ ought to 表示应该、理应做什么；‎ ‎ should 表示应该多含有责备之一。‎ ‎【表示虚拟】 should　　用在表示请求、建议、命令等次后面的从句中，should可以省略。也可以用在if 引导的条件状语从句中表示与将来事实可能相反。‎ would　用在含有if引导的条件状语从句的主句中。也可以用其它情态动词。‎ II. 句型复习： 句型５中的宾语问题 ‎1. 某些及物动词后只能接不定式作宾语,不能接动名词作宾语. 这类动词有:‎ ‎ hope offer help expect learn demand decide refuse ask ‎ ‎ prepare plan choose manage pretend fail wish agree 等. ‎ ‎2. 某些及物动词后只能跟动名词作宾语,不能跟不定式作宾语.这类动词有:‎ mind suggest avoid excuse finish allow admit resist miss enjoy consider imagine advise permit prevent delay appreciate ‎ give up put off feel like consist on can’t help consider , can’t help , can’t stand enjoy, excuse, escape practise , put off miss , mind avoid , risk , 等 ‎3. 某些动词后既可以接不定式又可以接动名词,其意义差别不大,可以互换.这类动词有: like love ‎ hate dislike begin start continue 等.‎ ‎4. 某些动词如: allow permit forbid advise continue 等后面必须接动名词作宾语，但也可以接不定式的复合宾语．本句为被动语态，后面的非谓语动词为补足语．‎ ‎5. 某些动词或词组后接动名词主动形式表被动意义，这类动词有：need want require be worth 等．‎ ‎6. 某些动词如：remember forget regret try stop, mean, go on, propose(不：打算，想要；动：建议 )‎ III.词汇：A. 常用动词用法 (25)‎ ‎ feel 感觉，感到 sb. feel sth.　　　　sb. feel + sdj. sb. feel + p.p.‎ ‎ sb. feel sb. (sth.) + 现在分词 sb. feel sb. (sth.) + 过去分词　　sb. feel sb. (sth.) + do sth.‎ ‎ sb. feel that．．． sth. feel + adj. 感觉起来 feel as if 　感到仿佛．．．似的（多用虚拟语气）‎ ‎　　　　feel ilke (doing) sth.　想（做某事）；愿意 feel one’s way 摸索着走（干）‎ burn 燃烧，烧毁；烧着；晒黑 ‎ burn away vi. 熊熊燃烧；烧掉，烧完 burn one’s fingers 吃亏 ‎　　　　burn the midnight oil 开夜车 burn down 把．．．烧成平地、烧光 ‎ The bedclothes catch fire and the whole house may be burnt down . ( SIIL6 ) ‎ ‎　　　　burn ... to the ground 烧毁， 把．．．烧平 ‎ In the country the revolutionaries set fire to the nobles' castles and burnt them to the ground . ‎ B. 短语记忆：　表示地点的短语(1)‎ 在会议上 at the meeting 在操场上　on the ground 在课堂上 in class 在海滩上　on the beach ‎ 在岸上 on shore 在船上　　in the boat 在飞机（轮船）上 on board 在火车上　in (on) the train 在天上 in the sky / in the air / in space 在．．．顶上　at the top of 我头上 above my head 在脸上 in my face 在手上 at hand 在报上　in the newspaper　　‎ 在．．．江（河）上 on Changjiang River 在身上 on (with) sb.‎ 在去．．．的路上　on the way home / to school 在某人的婚礼上 at one's wedding 在楼上　upstairs 在三楼上　on the third floor 在花丛中 among the flowers 在画中　　in the picture 在阳光下 in the sun 在．．．脚下 at the foot of Emei Mount 在楼下　　　downstairs / below stairs 在海平面下　below the sea level 在地平线下　below the horizon 在（桥．．．）下　under the bridge / tree/ arm 考前知识清理20天 14‎ I.‎‎ 语法复习：　　介词 ‎1. at, in, on 表示地点的用法区别. 2. at, in 表示时间的用法区别.‎ ‎3. besides, except, except for 的用法区别. 4. 乘坐交通工具的介词使用.‎ ‎5. to 后面跟什么?‎ come to be used to used to refer to speak to give one's life to look forward to prefer to pretend to be worthy to ‎6. 介词省略的问题.‎ A) 动名词前的介词省略. B) 间接宾语前的介词省略.‎ B) 某一些动词后介词段与表示时间和距离时的介词省略.‎ C) 某些名词前的介词省略. D) all组成的短语作状语,介词省略.‎ 情态动词　(2)‎ ‎【其它情态动词的用法】‎ ‎◎ need 作为情态动词表示“需要、必须”，仅用于否定句或疑问句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ‎ ought to或should代替。‎ ‎◎ dare 作为情态动词主要用于疑问句、否定句或条件状语从句中，一般不用于肯定句中。‎ ‎◎ I dare say 是一个固定搭配。表示“我猜测，可能、或许”后面一般跟从句。‎ ‎◎ shall 用于第一人称，表示征求对方的意见(说话人做某事)。‎ ‎　　　　　用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。‎ ‎ 用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。‎ ‎◎ will 一般用于第二人称表示请求、建议对方做某事；如果用would语气就更加委婉。‎ ‎ 也可以表示意愿、愿望和决心。‎ ‎◎ had better “最好做什么”‎ ‎ ◎ would rather　“宁愿做什么”‎ II. 句型复习：表示地点的短语(2)‎ 在城里 in town 在家里 at home 在节日里 at festivals / in the Spring Festival 在201房间里　in Room 201‎ 在书店里　　at the book store / library /restaurant 在．．．后面　at the back of ‎ 在．．．面前 before (in front of ) the judge (difficulty, danger….)‎ 在．．．附近　near the station 在户外　outside the door 在拐角处　 at the corner of the street / at the street corner 在阴凉处　　in the shade (of) 在．．．周围 round the school ‎ 在．．．旁边 by the side of the lake 在中国东部 in East China 在．．．左边　to the left of 在．．．右边 to the right 在湖边 by the lake 在路边 by the side of the road ‎ 在山腰 at the hill side 在学校中心 in the middle of our school ‎ 在国外 (be) abroad 国内外　　both at home and abroad 在海外 beyond (over) sea(s) 楼上单元　　in the flat upstairs ‎ 在阴凉处　in the shadow ‎ 利用非谓语动词化简复合句 ‎１．当从句的主语与主句的主语一致,从句中是：‎ ‎　① be + 现在分词， 用现在分词化简；‎ ‎　　 be + 过去分词，　　　　　用过去分词化简；‎ ‎　　 be + 介词短语，　　　　　用介词短语化简；‎ ‎　　 be + 名词或形容词等；　　用being + 名词或形容词等化简；‎ ② 从句中如果是其它行为动词的一般时态，一律用现在分词的一般形式化简；如果是完成时态或after 引导的一般时态，则用现在分词的完成时态化简．‎ ‎２．如果从句的主语与主句的主语不一致，也可以用上述方法化简．只需在化简后的分词短语前，放上 原从句中的主语就成．‎ III.词汇：A. 常用动词用法 (14)‎ set vi. 下沉，下落 ‎　　　 set sth.　　　set sb. sth.　　　放置，确定（时间），规定（任务）；出（题）；布置（作业） ‎ ‎　　　 使做．．．，使处于．．．状态 set sb. to do sth.　　　　set sb. doing sth. set sb. + 介词短语 ‎　　　 set about (doing) sth.　　着手（开始）做．．． set an example set sb. an example 树立榜样 ‎　　　 set fire to　　　　　对．．．放火，使着火 set ... free 释放（某人）‎ ‎　　 set off vi.　　　动身，出发 set one’s heart(mind) on 一心想做．．．‎ ‎　　　 set out vi.　　　出发，动身；打算（开始，准备）作．．．　‎ ‎　　　 set out to do sth. 打算（开始，准备）作．．．‎ ‎ set out + 名词　　距离，详述 set up竖起来，建立，成立；自称 like 喜欢 like + 名词 like + to do sth. like + doing sth.‎ ‎ like sb. to do sth. like sb.(sth.) + 形容词 ‎ 愿意,希望,想要 would(should) like +名词 would like to do sth. = would love to do sth.‎ ‎ would like sb. to do sth. I would like you to change this blouse , or else give me my money back . ‎ ‎ would like sb. + 分词 ‎ do as one likes 爱怎么样，就怎么样 How do you like + 名词 你觉得．．．怎么样 ‎ if you like 如果你愿意 prep. 像　　（引起短语做表语，状语，定语）‎ ‎　　　　You are just like what I expected. I don’t like the book like that.‎ ‎ 想要 feel like + 名词 feel like doing sth. look like 看起来像 ‎ What is ．．．like ? = What does．．．look like ? 是．．．样子？‎ 考前知识清理20天 15‎ I.‎‎ 语法复习：　　省略与替代(1)‎ 一、动词不定式中的省略 ‎ 1．在下列动词see ，watch ，notice ， observe ， look at ， make ， have ，let ， hear ， listen to ， feel等后的不定式做宾补，要省略不定式符号。‎ ‎ 2．在．．．do nothing but / except do ．．．的结构中，在介词but或except后作宾语时不定式符号要省略。‎ ‎ 3．在would rather和had better后不定式符号要省略。‎ ‎ 4．在几个不定式并列时，第二个、第三个不定式的不定式符号要省略。‎ ‎ 5．在expect ，forget ， like ，want ， wish ， try ， have ， need ， used ， ought ， be able ，‎ ‎ be going 等动词和动词词组后接的不定式中，不定式符号后面的动词原形常省略。‎ 二、从句中的省略。‎ 1． 在if ， as if ，while ， when ， where ， although ， unless ， what ， whether等引起的状语从句中可以省略主谓部分。‎ Mistakes， if any ，should be corrected ．（ = if there are any mistakes）‎ Please come again ，if possible．（= if it possible for you to come）‎ Fill in the proper articles where necessary．（= where they are necessary）‎ He won’t come ，unless invited ．(= unless he is invited)‎ He opened his lips as if to say something ．（= as if he were going to say something）‎ 情态动词　(3)‎ 情态动词表示“推测”的用法 情态动词表示“推测”时，要记住“三种推测两种形式”。‎ ‎◎ 三种推测：①对过去发生动作或状态的推测； ②对现在状态的推测；‎ ‎　　　　　　　　 ③对将来发生动作或状态的推测 ‎◎ 两种形式：①用情态动词加完成事态表示对过去发生动作或状态的推测；‎ ‎　　　　　　 ②用情态动词加动词原型表示对现在或将来发生动作或状态的推测 must have done 表示过去一定做了什么，语气十分肯定 can’t have done 表示过去不可能过了什么，语气也比较肯定(是上面的否定形式)‎ needn’t have done 表示过去没有必要做什么但已经做了。‎ should have done 过去该做什么但没有做。(含有责备的意思)。‎ shouldn’t have done 表示过去不该做什么但做了。(含有责备的意思)‎ would have done 表示过去会做什么，而没有做。‎ ought to have done 表示过去该做什么而没有做。(是职责和义务)‎ must do sth. / must be doing sth. 表示现在或将来一定在做什么。‎ will be 表示推测，主要用于第二、三人称，是对目前情况的推测。‎ II. 句型复习： 表示时间的短语(1)‎ 在白天 in the daytime 在中午 at noon at high noon 在傍晚 in the evening 在拂晓 at dawn ‎ 在深夜 at night 在早上 in the morning ‎ 在下午 in the afternoon 回家前　before going home 天黑后　after dark 放学后 after school 课后 after class 在．．．的早(晚)上 on the evening of on a winter morning on Sunday morning ‎ 在那时 at that time at that moment 在．．．前夕 on the eve of 在．．．岁时 at the age of 在．．．多岁时in one's thirties ‎ 在．．．一生中 in one's life 在．．．期间 during the war (stay)‎ 在．．．期间（直到．．．过完） over Christmas (Sunday) ‎ 在．．．期间（不超过） within an hour (three weeks …) 在治疗中　under treatment 今天 today 昨天 yesterday 后天 the day after tomorrow 前天 the day before yesterday ‎ 一整天 all day long 一整晚 all night long III.词汇：A. 常用动词用法 (29)‎ go vi. 去；离开；走 link-v. go + adj. 变为 go fishing (hunting, shooting, cycling, swimming, walking, drinking, shopping．．．)　　去干某事 be going to 　　　　　　　准备或打算做某事　　　 go about　　到处走动；vt.　着手干．．．‎ go after　　　　　　追（捕），追求 　　　　go against　　违背，违反；对．．．不利 go ahead　　开始做．．．；进行；往前走；用吧　 go all out to do sth.　　全力以赴做．．．‎ go along　　和．．．一道去，和．．．一样干　　　　 go around(round)　　到处走；流传，传开 go away 走开、离开、逃跑 go back to 　　　　可追溯到 go bad （食物）变坏、坏掉 go beyond　　　　　　　超出，超越 go by　　　　　过去，经过；根据．．．行事，从．．．来看 go down　　　（太阳等）下落，（船）下沉；下降，下跌；传下去 go down on one’s knees　跪下，屈膝 go Dutch 　　　　　各付各的钱，打平伙 go in for　　　从事（某种职业或工作），有某种爱好 go into　　　调查；了解，研究，讨论　　　　 go off 离开, 走开 go on 　　　发生，进行，进展　　 go on to do sth.　　　接着做．．．‎ go on doing sth. = go on with sth. 继续做．．． go out　　　　　出去，出国；熄灭 go over　　　　研究，检查，审阅；复习，讲解，排演；查看　　‎ go through 　　审阅，检查，讨论；查看，翻找，搜寻；看一遍，做一遍；经理，经过；通过，成功　‎ ‎【辨析】　go to bed 　上床睡觉（未睡着）　 go to sleep 　　　睡着 go to pieces　　　　破碎　　　　 go to the dogs　　　变得不可救药，情况变得糟糕极了 go to work　　　　干起来　　　　 go together　　　　相配，和谐 go up　　　　　　上涨，涨价；上升，增长；（楼房）盖起来 go up to　　　　　　向．．．走过来　　　　　 go with　　　　　　相配；和．．．交朋友 admit admit sth. 承认; 允许进入; 容纳得下 ‎ ‎ be admitted to + 名词 允许进入; 接纳　= admit sb. to (into) sth.‎ admit that… 承认 admit doing sth. 承认 ‎ admit sb. (to be) done. / 形容词 承认 admit of 允许, 有…余地 ‎ admit to (doing) sth. 承认 B. 记住下列词汇：‎ automatical自动的 community 团体 comics 连环画 wander 闲逛　‎ shelter 避难处　 miserable 悲惨的　 fault 错　　　 royal 皇家的 audience 观（听）众 long 渴望　 nonsense 胡说 pink 桃红色的　‎ 考前知识清理20天 16‎ I.‎‎ 语法复习：　　it 的用法 1. it作人称代词,代替前面提到的事物.‎ 2. it作形式宾语,常用在6123结构中.(think , find, make, believe, …)‎ 3. it指代时间,季节,距离.‎ 4. it作形式主语. 当动名词,不定式,从句作主语时,常用it作形式主语.‎ 5. It is … that….的强调句型.‎ 省略与替代(2)‎ 三、从句中的省略 1． 在if引起的从句中如有等词倒装时，省略if。‎ Were I you, I would not do it.‎ Had we known your telephone number, I would have given you a phone call.‎ ‎2． We have finished our homework, so have they. (= and they have finished their homework , too)‎ ‎ If you don't go to the concert, neither shall I. (= I shall not go to the concert either)‎ ‎3．宾语从句中连词that引起的宾语从句和定语从句中的关系代词that、which，whom等 ‎ 在定语从句中作宾与可以省略that。‎ 四、介词的省略 ‎ prevent sb (from) doing sth. stop sb (from) doing sth.‎ ‎ have trouble / difficulty (in) doing sth. spend time / money (in) doing sth.‎ ‎ be busy (in) doing sth. ‎ II. 句型复习： 表示时间的短语(3)‎ 立即,马上 in no time 暂时, 一度 for a time 一直地,这一向 all this while 一小段时间 for a little while 不久,过一会儿 in a little while 间或,偶尔 once in a while 最后 at the end (of) 在．．．开头 at the beginning of 在．．．末尾 at the end of 有时 sometimes 有朝一日　sometime 共三天 for three days 下班后 after work 直迟到中午12点 at 12 noon at the latest 从早到晚 from morning till night 从那时起from then on from that time on 从现在起 from now on 从今天起 from today on 从明天起 from tomorrow on 再过三天　for another three days 到．．．时间 by June 20th by the time 过一会儿　in a little while 两天后　　in two days 一段时间　some time 到目前为止　so far 十年前的一个下午 one afternoon ten years ago ‎ 在本周末(月底,年底)以前 before the end of this week (month, year)‎ 清晨 early in the morning 在．．．的时候 at a time 一个冬天的下午 an afternoon in the winter a winter afternoon ‎5天后 five days later 1946年左右 around 1946‎ 上上周(月),前年 the week (month, year) 曾经 at one time 插入语是英语口语中很常见的语法现象。通常用一个逗号把它与句子隔开，其位置可在句首、句中或句末。其作用是对一句话、某一个词或词组做些附加的解释和说明，或在两句之间起连结作用。可以用作插入语的有：不定式、分词、副词、介词短语和句子等等。‎ to tell you the truth 老实对您说 to be sure 确实 to be honest 老实说 ‎ Generally speaking 一般来说 Judging by his …从…来判断 including…. 包括….‎ in my opinion 依我看 for example 例如 By the way 顺便说一下 on the contrary 恰恰相反 As a result 结果 ‎ However 不过 surely 的确 Still 当然 Besides 再说 that is to say 就是说 I’m afraid. 恐怕 III.词汇：A. 常用动词用法 (31)‎ give v give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb.　给 give advice 　提建议 give a sign　给手势 give a smile (shout, talk, blow, knock, push．．．)　(表示一个动作)‎ give away 　　　　送给人，分发 give back　　　　　　还给；恢复（健康等）　‎ give in　vi.　　交进来；让步，妥协，投降，认输　 give in to　　　　　向某人让步（屈服，认输）‎ give off　　　　　散发出（气味，烟雾） give sb. a hand (with)　帮忙（做．．．）‎ give one’s life to 　把一生献给．．． give one’s regards to 　向某人问好 give out　　　　　　　散发，颁发 give out that．．．　　宣布 give out + 名词 = sth. give out　用完，耗尽，没有了 give up　　　　　　放弃；不再做；改掉 give up one’s life to　　把．．．献给．．． give way to　　　　让位于，转为 matter vi. 有关系，有严重性，要紧 没关系 It doesn’t matter. ‎ It doesn’t matter that．．．． = It doesn’t make difference that．．． It doesn’t matter doing sth.‎ ‎ n. What’s the matter?　怎么啦？What’s the matter with ．．．? ‎ ‎ No matter what(how．．．)　 ．．．不管怎么．．．‎ ‎ It is no matter that．．．．　没关系 as a matter of fact　事实上，不瞒你说 B. 记住下列词汇：‎ be addicted to 对．．．有瘾　 in rags 衣衫褴褛 by accident 偶然的　‎ in spite of 尽管 name… after… 根据．．．命名　 be willing to do sth. 愿意做．．．‎ in addition to 另外 be crazy about 对．．．狂热　 scenic spots 名胜　‎ side by side 肩并肩 look back on 回忆　 day in and day out 一日复一日　‎ place one’s confidence on 信任 hearing loss 失聪　 　 dog house 狗窝　　‎ rocking chair 摇椅　 in time 迟早 head for 　朝着．．．去　‎ make it 确定（时间） have fun doing sth. 做．．．有趣 nose cone (火箭的)前部 set out to do sth. 开始做．．． with laughter 笑着．．．　 die down 消失，减弱　‎ 考前知识清理20天 17‎ I.‎‎ 语法复习：　连词 1. 并列连词 A. and, or, but连接两个相同的句子成分或句子.‎ B. both,… and, neither… nor 只连接两个相同的句子成分,不能连接句子.‎ C. not only … but also 既可以连接相同的句子成分,又可以连接两个并列句,强调的重点在后一个并列成分上.‎ D. whether… or, either… or 可以连接句子中的两个成分,表示选择,either…or可以连接两个句子,.而whether…or 不行 E. for引导一个并列句,对前面一个句子做补充说明或推断原因.‎ F. when作为并列连词时, = and then "这时候", "此时此刻".‎ G. while做并列连词用时,连接两个在意义上相互对比的句子.注意在while之前,一般有逗号与前一个句子分开.‎ H. and(or)用鱼"祈使句(名词短语), and(or) + 将来时态的陈述句"结构中.‎ 1. 从属连词 7. that, when, which….详见前面的从句中.　‎ ‎　“should ”用法归纳 一、 Should 表示过去将来时，即从过去观点看将来要发生的是，多用于间接引语中。‎ 二、 Should 表示义务、责任、常译为“应当”，“应该”，或表示一种估计的情况，译成“按理应当”，“估计．．．．．．”。‎ Should 用于完成时态，表示对过去发生的动作的一种推测，译成“应该已经．．．．．．”。　‎ 三、 Should 用于虚拟语气中。‎ （１） 用于It is necessary (important, strange．．．that．．．)中，在美国英语中should 常省去。‎ ‎ 用于It is ordered (suggested)that．．．中，而在美语中should常省去。　‎ （２） 用于表示命令、请求、建议、决定等词后面的宾语从句中，在美国英语中should常省去。‎ （３） should用于表示命令、请求、建议、决定等词后面的表语从句，同位语从句中，在美国英语中should 常省去。‎ （４） 用于if引导的从句中，表示与将来事实可能相反的假设。‎ 四、 在条件状语从句中，should 表示“万一”，即可表示不能实现的假设，又可表示可以实现的假设。‎ 五、 在某些从句中，should 表示惊异、意外等情绪，常译为“竟然”。‎ 六、 should 用于主句中，主语是第一人称，表示某一条件下所产生的必然结果，并与事实相反；当主语是第二、三人称时，表示说话人或执笔人的意志或看法。‎ 七、 当陈述部分含有ought to ，其反意疑问句部分，美国英语中用should 。‎ 八、 用于成语中 I should like to．．．“我想（做）．．．．．．”‎ II. 句型复习： ‎ 瞬间动词如何转换成状态动词？‎ ‎　　 have——buy　　　　 keep(have)——borrow　　　 be awake——wake，wake up ‎　　 be——become 　　 be open——open　 　 be in——join ‎　　 be dead——die　　 　 be married——marry　　　　　　 be close——close，shut ‎　　 be ill——fall(get)ill　 be gone——lose，die，sell，leave be missing(gone，lost)——lose　 　　 　 be asleep——fall(get)asleep be on——start，begin　 be up——get up 　 be over——end，finish be off——leave，start off，set out(off) have a cold——catch cold be back(to)——return(to)，come back(to)，go back(to)　‎ be in——arrive in(at)，reach，get to，go to 　‎ ‎　　be here(there)——come(arrive，reach，get)here，go(arrive，reach，get)there ‎　be abroad(upstairs，downstairs)——come(go)abroad(upstairs，downstairs)‎ 哪些动词不能用于被动语态？‎ 不能用于被动语态常见动词有：become(适合), suit, fit last(持续), cost, catch, get(懂得), ‎ take(懂得), hold(容纳), have, own, lack, weigh. break one’s word(失信), eat one’s word(认错道歉), ‎ kill time(消磨时光), take place(发生)等。‎ word 一词有什么值得注意的？‎ ‎1. 注意该词的单复数．如： have a word with sb.和．．．说句话 have words with sb.　和．．．吵架 ‎ in a word 　　　总之　　　　in other words 换句话说 ‎　keep one’s word　遵守诺言　　beyond words　　无法用言语来形容 ‎2.　word 用单数且不用冠词意为：消息，谣言Word came of his success abroad. Word came from Beijing.　‎ ‎ word用单数并用定冠词或其它限定词意为：命令，嘱咐 ‎　　The troops got the word to begin moving out. His word is that he has gone back to Tianjin. ‎ III.词汇：A. 常用动词用法 (33)‎ think sb. think 　　　　　想，思考 think that．．．　　想，认为，以为 ‎　　　　I don’t think he is good student.（注意否定的转移） ‎ ‎　　　　What do you think she would feel ?(do you think 是插入语)‎ ‎　　　　think sb.(sth.) + adj. think sb. (sth.) + 名词 ‎ think + it + adj. / 名词 + to do sth. think + it + adj. / 名词 + doing sth.‎ ‎ think + it + adj. / 名词 + that．．． think sb.(sth.) to be．．．‎ ‎　　　　think to do sth.　打算做．．．；　想到，预料 think that．．．　　想到，预料 ‎　　　　think about　　　　　　　想，　考虑 think aloud = (out / loud )　把想的事情说出来 ‎　　　　think back (to) 　　　　　回忆 think highly(well, much．．．) of 　赞扬．．．‎ ‎　　　　think little (badly, nothing) of　认为．．．不好（评价不高）‎ ‎　　　　think of　　　　　　　　　　想到，想起 think of．．．as．．．　　　　　以为，认为 ‎　　　　think out　　　　　　　　想出 think over　　　　　　　仔细考虑 ‎ What do you think about (of)．．．？　对．．．觉得怎么样？‎ pick pick sth. 债,检, 拾; 挑选 have a bone to pick 又意见要提 ‎ pick a hole in sth. 挑毛病,找出破绽 pick and choose 挑剔, 仔细挑选 ‎ pick off 摘下来 pick on 选择, 挑选; 招惹, 找岔 ‎ pick one's way 仔细前进, 小心往前走 pick out 挑选出, 选好; 认出, 看清楚 ‎ pick up 拾起, 拿起; (偶然)买到; 得到, 染上; (非正规地)学会; (取)某物, 接(某人)上车; ‎ ‎ 整理, 收拾; 继续(讲故事, 谈话等) 收听到; (身体)恢复健康; (情况)好转 B. 记住下列词汇：‎ shortcoming (缺点) silence(silent) (安静) situation(形势) sleeve(袖子)‎ ‎ slide (滑,溜) slight(slightly)(轻微地) slip(滑倒) madame (夫人)‎ mourn (哀悼) monument(纪念碑) immigrant移民 disturb 打扰　 Thames 泰晤士报　‎ 考前知识清理20天 18‎ I.‎‎ 语法复习：　as 有哪些常见用法？‎ ‎　做连词可用于：　 1.引导时间状语从句　“在．．．的时候，当．．．”‎ ‎ 2. 引导原因状语从句　“因为，由于” 3. 引导方式状语从句　“依照，按照，如，像”‎ ‎ 4. 引导让步状语从句　“尽管，虽说”　此种用法时从句要倒装（表语倒装，谓语倒装，状语倒装）‎ ‎ 5. as后跟名词　（相当于一个时间状语从句）‎ ‎ As a young man, he worked hard. = When he was a young man, he worked hard.‎ ‎ 6. 和某些动词连用，构成固定搭配．‎ ‎ treat．．．as regard．．．as look on(upon)．．．as 　take．．．as take up．．．as ‎ think of．．．as introduce．．．as take a job as．．． 　serve．．．as act as ‎ ‎ 7. 用于某些成语 ‎ as black as coal as dry as dust as blind as a bat as easy as ABC ‎ ‎ as brave as a lion as fair as a rose as fat as a pig as busy as a bee ‎ ‎ as free as the air as cold as ice as gentle as a lamb as deep as a well ‎ as greedy as wolf as happy as a king as heavy as lead as sound as a bell ‎ as poor as a church mouse as white as snow as proud as a peacock as quiet as a lamb ‎ as red as blood as a matter of fact　事实上　as a result 结果 as a result of　　由于．．．‎ ‎　　　as a rule 一般（说来）；通常 as ．．．as possible = as．．．as one can　　尽力，尽可能 ‎　　　as follows　　　如下　　 as if (as though)　就像．．．似的　 as to + 名词　　至于，说到 ‎　　 as to + that从句　关于（常不译出） as usual　　　像平常一样 so as to 　以便 ‎　　　so ．．．as to　　如此．．．以至．．．　as well as 　也，　还 so (as) long as 只要 ‎　　　such ．．．as to 如此．．．以至．．． as．．．as．．．　　和．．．一样．．．‎ ‎　 as soon as 一．．．就．．．　 as soon as possible 尽快地　　as well　　　　也，　还 冠词 1. 不用冠词的情况 A. 学科名词前不加冠词 B. 体育或动名词前不加冠词.‎ C. 形容词的最高级不含比较意义,而只表示"非常"时,不加"the".‎ D. 形容词的最高级只用于本身不同情况的比较而不是与其它事物的比较时,不加"the".‎ E. 广场,公园,街道,建筑物以及重要的机构或处所的名词前不加"the".‎ F. 季节,月份,星期,节日,假日,一日三餐的名词前不加"the".‎ G. 普通名词+as 引起的让步状语从句中,名词前不加冠词.‎ H. 在独立主格结构中不加冠词. 例如: gun in hand I.‎‎ turn(go)作为"变成"讲时,后面所跟的名词前不加冠词.‎ 2. rather , quite 后面的冠词问题 rather a difficult job = a rather difficult job English is quite a useful tool. = English is a quite useful tool.‎ 3. 词组中的冠词 go to school go to the school at school at the school go to prison go to the prison take advice(征询他人意见) take the advice(听人劝告)‎ take place take the place go to town go to the countryside in town in the city out of question(毫无问题) out of the question(完全不可能)‎ II. 句型复习： 介词for的用法 一、 作介词用。‎ ‎　1、用来表示时间长度，有时不译出来，而且通常可以省略，但在句首或正式文体中则通常不省。如：‎ ‎　　We have studied Einglish (for)five years.　　They have waited for you for ten days.‎ ‎　2、含有代动性，可与一个名词连用(不能和动名词连用)，构成介词短语，起不定式短语作用，表示目的。如： 　The students went to Beijing for (=to spent)the sum mber holiday.‎ ‎　　Crusoe rdturned home for (=to get)two guns.　　Not all the ants go out for (=to look for)food.‎ ‎　3、含有“交换”之意。可用来表示“钱物等相交换”， “买卖关系”等。如：‎ ‎　　 He once refused to speak on the radio for$‎1000 a mi nute.　I bought the dictionary for 20 yuan.‎ ‎　4、常与表示离开、起行的动词连用(如sail,leave,staft,head等)。如：‎ ‎　　I'll leave Beijing for Shanghai tomorrow. The boat headed for the French coast.‎ ‎5、表示“对……而言”。　It is dangerous for a small child to cross the road alone.It is very cold for October.‎ ‎　6、表示“由于”，“因为”。如：He got a medal for swimming well.He was scolded for being late.‎ ‎　7、表示“支持”，“赞成”。如；Some people were for the strike.　　He is for me .‎ ‎　8、表示“给”，“适于”。如：These flowers are for you .　　The books are for children.‎ ‎　9、固定搭配。‎ Be late for ,be fit for ,the rules for verbs,prize for physics, reach(out)for,bd/get ready for ,wait for ,‎ look for ,long for ,search for ,call for ,send for ,for ever, for ,example ,take for ,etc.‎ ‎　二、 作连词用，为“因为”。如：　　We must get rid of carelessness, for it often leads to errors(错误)。‎ All right / That’s all right / That’s right 用法辨析 ‎★ all right 是固定习语. 其含义较广. 主要用于如下集中场合:‎ ‎1. 表示 “好”, “可以”, “行” 用于答语中表示赞同对方的建议或意见,这是该习语的一种主要用法.‎ ‎ -----“ Dolphin language? Tell us more.” ----- “All right,” answered Mike.‎ ‎ ----- Let’s go home. ----- All right.‎ ‎2. 用于加强语气, 表示 “确定”, “一定”‎ ‎ ----- Please give them my regards. ----- All right.‎ ‎3. 表示 “(身体)病好了” , 多用于表语.‎ ‎ ----- How are you ? ----- I’m all right. Thank you.‎ III.词汇：A. 常用动词用法 (18)‎ bring 与take相反 bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb. 拿来，带来，送来 ‎ bring about vt. 引起，突现，造成　 bring in 引进、引来、吸收 bring back 归还，带回来 bring back to life (health) 使复生，使恢复健康 ‎ bring out 显示出来，表现出来，讲清楚；出版；生产；提出 bring on 使．．．前进 ‎ bring up 提出；　抚育大，教养 bring down 1. 降低 2. 使．．．倒下 grow 　　vi. grow　生长，成长，长大; 发展，增长link-v. 　grow + adj. 变得 grow + p.p.‎ ‎ grow sth.　种植，栽种 ‎【辨析】　 grow up　vi.　成长，长大　（从本身的角度说） bring up vt.　抚育，养大　（包含教育） ‎ ‎　 grown-up　成年人 大人 B.. 记住下列词汇：‎ ‎ 学生减负：to reduce study load 因材施教：to teach students according to their aptitude ‎ 环境无害：environmentally friendly 污染指数：pollution index ‎ 污水源治理：prevention and control of pollution source 拉尼娜现象：‎La Nina ‎ 空气质量和排放标准：air quality and emission standards 绿色产品：green product ‎ 环境影响评估：environmental impact assessment 噪声监测：noise monitoring ‎ 噪声治理：noise abatement 跨世纪绿色工程规划：trans-century green engineering program ‎ ‎ 考前知识清理20天 19‎ I.‎‎ 语法复习：　同位语从句 ‎　　一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。 ‎ ‎　　二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有new，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，word（消息），possibility等。 ‎ ‎　　三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词 that，whether，连接副词 how,when,where等。（注：if,which 不能引导同位语从句。）‎ ‎　　四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。‎ ‎　　五、同位语从匈与定语从句的区别。 ‎ ‎　　1、同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系，即说明它前面名词的内容；而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系，即限定它前面的名词范围，或补充一些情况。‎ ‎　　2、引导同位语从句的that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成份，而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，除起连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。‎ if 的十不用 ‎　　If和whether引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，一般是可以互换的，如：I wonder if(whether)I can catch the last bus,但下列十种情况要用whether，而不用if。‎ ‎　　1、if之后不能直接加or not。 2、动词discuss后不用if。‎ ‎　　3、动词不定式前不用if。 4、介词之后不用if。‎ ‎　　5、引导同位从句不用if。 6、引导主语从句放句首不用if。‎ ‎　　7、引导表语从句不用if。 8、造成歧义时尽量用whether不用if。‎ ‎　　9、宾语从句置于主句之前时不用if。 10、引导让步状语从句，表示“不管”时不用if。‎ II. 句型复习： All right / That’s all right / That’s right 用法辨析(2)‎ ‎4. 表示 “顺利的”, “安然无恙”, 用作表语.‎ ‎----- “Do you want Abe or me to go with you?” Tom asked his wife. ----- “No. I’ll be all right.”‎ ‎★ That’s all right 固定习语.也可以说It’s all right. 常表示对他人谢意或歉意的回答, 相当于It doesn’t matter或Don’t mention it.‎ ‎1) ----- I’m sorry I can’t stay with you, Father. ----- That’s all right, Mary.‎ ‎2) ----- Excuse me, can you tell me where the No. 3 bus stop is ? ----- Certainly. It’s on the other side of the street.‎ ‎ ----- Thank you. ----- That’s all right.‎ ‎3) ----- Sorry I’ve interrupted you. ----- That’s all right.‎ 注: That’s all right 与 That’ll be all right 含义不同. 后居中的that 为代词,确有所之指, all right 仍表示 “行”, “可以”.‎ ‎ ----- What about the one next to it? It’s cheaper. It’s only twenty pounds.‎ ‎ ----- That’ll be all right. Alice, please try it on, will you?‎ ‎★ That’s right 句中right 是true或correct的意思,常用来对对方所讲的道理或理由做出赞赏的答复.‎ ‎ ----- So you’ve come for the papers of my invention. ----- That’s right, Professor.‎ III.词汇：A. 常用动词用法 (37)‎ burst burst through 冲破；爆裂；炸破；胀破 burst forth 突然出现（发生）；(vi.)　‎ ‎ burst into tears (laughter, leaf, blossom) 突然（进入某种状态或发生某种情况）‎ ‎ burst with 装得满满的，装得快要裂开了；非常，．．．之极 ‎ 突然．．．起来 burst out laughing (crying… ) burst into song (sweat…)‎ ‎ 　　be bursting to do sth. 急于做．．．；迫切想做．．．‎ check check sth. 检查,调查,核对; 阻止,遏制 check in 报到,签到,到达 ‎ check off 核对无误; 下班 check on 查清楚,检查 ‎ check out 把…检查一遍,清点登记; 结账后离开(旅馆)‎ ‎ check over 检查一遍 check through 查看,校阅 ‎ check up (on) 检查,调查,核对 check with 和…核对;和…相符 ‎ n. make a check of 核对,检查 check 支票, (饭馆)账单, 方案 ‎ keep (hold) in check 控制住 B. 记住下列词汇：‎ 纳米技术时代：the era of nanotechnology 计算机辅助教学：computer assisted instruction ‎ 安全网：safety net 虚拟网：virtual net 虚拟现实：virtual reality ‎ 网络空间：cyberspace 网上购物；shopping online ‎ 虚拟银行：virtual bank 网民：netizen（net citizen）‎ ‎ 电脑犯罪：computer crime 联机检索：online information retrieval ‎ 知识管理：information management 电子自由职业经济：the e-lance economy ‎ 电子商务：the e-business 电子数据交换业务：electronic data interchange service ‎ 宽带通讯：broadband connections 蜂窝通讯：cellular communications ‎“台独”“independence of Taiwan” 台湾当局：Taiwan authorities ‎ 台湾同胞：Taiwan compatriots 西部大开发：Development of the West Regions ‎ 台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分：Taiwan is an inalienable part of the Chinese territory ‎ 永久正常贸易关系：PNTR （Permanent Normal Trade Relations）‎ ‎ ‎ 考前知识清理20天 20‎ I.‎‎ 语法复习：　倒装 (1)‎ ‎1、部分倒装（助动词倒装）‎ ‎　　　是指把谓语的一部分（助动词）提到主语的前面。例：‎ ‎　　　 Never in my life have I seen such a thing. ‎ ‎ 1）句首为否定词或否定意义的词语时，句子要部分倒装。‎ ‎　　　( not , not only , never , little , seldom , hardly... )‎ ‎ 2）hardly ( scarcely ) , no sooner 引导的部分在句首要部分倒装。‎ ‎ 3）not only ... but also ... 引导两个并列句，前倒后不倒。‎ ‎ 4）only在句首引导状语，或Not until 引导的状语在句首，主句要部分倒装。‎ ‎ 5）if 从句中如有 were ( had , should ) , if 省去后，要部分倒装。‎ ‎6）as 引导的让步状语从句，要部分倒装表语、状语倒装）。‎ ‎7)状语位于句首表示强调或使句子平衡，或使上下文紧密衔接，句子要部分倒装．‎ ‎8) so … that … 结构中，如果so在句首，主句要部分倒装。注意，so必须和它修饰的 形容词或副词一道移至句首。　‎ ‎2、完全倒装（主谓倒装）‎ ‎ 　　　是指把谓语全部提到主语的前面。例：‎ ‎　　　　In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor.　 ‎ ‎ 1）由here , there , now , then ... 引导的句子，要完全倒装。‎ ‎ 2）句首是拟声词、直接引语或 away , down ,out, in, up等副词，句子要完全倒装。‎ ‎ （以上两种情况中的主语如是代词则不倒装）‎ ‎ 3）介词短语作地点状语在句首，句子要完全倒装。‎ ‎　 4) 当形容词、过去分词、介词短语做表语位于句首时，要完全倒装。‎ Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests.‎ Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people.‎ Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.‎ ‎ 5）So do ( am ) I . 或Nor ( Neither) do (am ) I.　是完全倒装，其主句与前一句 ‎ 的主语各是一人。‎ II. 句型复习： 成语选萃(1)‎ Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。 Well begun is half done.好的开端是成功的一半。‎ East, west, home is best.金窝、银窝，不如自己的草窝。There is no royal road to learning.学无坦途。‎ Look before you leap. First think, then act.三思而后行。 It is never too late to mend.亡羊补牢，犹为未晚。‎ Light come, light go.来得容易，去得快。 Time is money. 时间就是金钱。‎ A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真交。 ‎ Great hopes make great man.远大的希望，造就伟大的人物。‎ After a storm comes a calm.雨过天晴。 All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马。‎ Art is long, but life is short.人生有限，学问无涯。Stick to it, and you'll succeed.只要人有恒，万事都能成。‎ Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise. 早睡早起，富裕、聪明、身体好。‎ 成语选萃(2)‎ A good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口。 It is good to learn at another man's cost.前车之鉴。‎ Keeping is harder than winning.创业不易，守业更难。Let's cross the bridge when we come to it.船到桥头自然直。‎ More haste, less speed.欲速则不达。 No pains, no gains.不劳则无获。‎ Nothing is difficult to the man who will try.世上无难事，只要肯登攀。‎ Where there is life, there is hope.生命不息，希望常在。 An idle youth, a needy age.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。‎ We must not lie down, and cry, "God help us." 求神不如求己。‎ A plant may produce new flowers; man is young but once.花有重开日，人无再少年。‎ God helps those who help themselves.自助者，天助之。 Live and learn. 活到老，学到老。‎ What may be done at any time will be done at no time.明日待明日，明日不再来。‎ All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只工作，不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。‎ Diligence is the mother of success.勤奋是成功之母。 Truth is the daughter of time.时间见真理。‎ Take care of the pence, and the pounds will take care of themselves.积少自然成多。‎ No man is wise at all times.智者千虑，必有一失。 Kill two birds with one stone.一石双鸟。‎ Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.今天能做的事绝不要拖到明天。‎ III.词汇：A. 常用动词用法 (20)‎ control sb. control sth. 控制 n. 控制 have (hold) control over (of) sb. (sth.) 控制着 ‎(be) beyond control 无法控制,控制不了 gain (take…) control of 取得了对…控制 in control (of) 控制着,处于统治地位 lose control of 失去对…的控制 out of control 被失去控制,无法控制 seize control of 夺取对…的控制 ‎ under control (被)控制住 develop ‎ develop 该词虽然用法简单,但在不同的句子有不同的意义,故收入。并以例句说明。 ‎ Boys develop physically later than girls. 发育SIII(A) P50‎ They developed a strong system of society. 建立 SIII(A) P14‎ At work he developed a kind of material strong enough to hold things together. 发现, 搞成 China‎ is one of the developing countries while the U.S.A is a developed country. 发展着的，　发达的 He has developed an interest in science. 形成,养成 He developed the photographs which he had taken. 冲洗(胶卷)‎ We must develop the natural resources of our country. 开发, 建设 ‎ I developed a cold this week. (开始)生病 B. 记住下列词汇：‎ embrace 拥抱 endure 忍耐 endanger 危及 esteem 尊重,认为 estimate 估计 exaggerate 夸大 exclaim 呼喊 exhaust 用尽,耗尽 exile 流放 expel 驱除,开除 fade 褪色 flatter 献媚 sore 伤心的 stern 严厉的 stout 强壮的 supreme 最高的 stuffy 乏味的 sufficient 充分的 superior 上级的 supreme 极度的 高考动词短语归纳与强化练习 ‎　 l．动词+about speak／talk about 谈论　　think about 思考 care about 关心，对有兴趣 ‎ bring about 引起，使发生 set about 着手，开始　come about 发生 ‎　　hear about 听说 worry about 为……担心 ‎　2．动词+away throw away 扔掉 　 blow away 吹走 carry away 拿走，使入迷 ‎ clear away 清除掉，消散 die away 逐渐消失,减弱 pass away 去世 ‎ wash away 冲走　 take away 拿走，使消失 put away 收拾起来，存起来 　‎ give away 背弃，泄漏，赠送 wear away 磨掉，消耗 break away摆脱 ‎　　send away 让走开 　 turn away 把……打发走 ‎　3．动词+back keep back 隐瞒，忍住 look back(on) 回顾 hold back 控制住 ‎ give back 归还 call back 回电话 　 take back 拿回，收回 ‎　4．动词+for　‎ ‎　　run for 竞选 　 ask for 要求得到 wait for 等候　 stand for 代表，表示 ‎　　long for 渴望 hope/wish for 希望得到care for 关心，喜欢 beg for 乞求 ‎　　search for 查找 look for 寻找call for 需要，要求 hunt for 寻找 ‎　　change…for 用…换 charge…for 收费，要价apply for 申请 take…for 误以为……是 ‎　　seek for 寻找 　 come for 来拿，来取 ‎5．动词+down burn down 烧毁 break down 坏了，垮了，分解 take down 记下，记录 ‎ turn down 调小，拒绝cut down 削减，砍倒 slow down 慢下来 pass down 传下来 put down 记下，写下，镇压 calm down 平静下来 ‎ bring down 使…降低，使倒下 settle down 安家 　 come down 下落，传下 ‎　　tear down 拆毁，拆除 ‎ 6．动词+at ‎　 come at 向…袭击 shout at 冲(某人)嚷嚷 run at 冲向，向……攻击 work at 干…活动(研究)tear at 用力撕 　 look at 看，注视 stare at 凝视 　‎ glare at 怒视 glance at 匆匆一瞥 laugh at 嘲笑 knock at 敲(门、窗等) point at 指向 smile at 冲(某人)笑 strike at 向…打击aim at 向…瞄准 　shoot at 向…射击 wonder at 惊讶 　 call at 拜访(地点)‎ ‎7．动词+from ‎ ‎ differ from 与……不同 suffer from 受……苦hear from 收到……来信 ‎ die from 因……而死 keep／stop／prevent…from不让……做learn from 向…学习 result from 由于 date from 始于…时期 separate…from 把。。分离开 ‎8．动词+of ‎　 think of 想到 dream of 梦到 consist of 由……组成 　speak of 谈到 ‎　　approve of 赞成 die of 死于 talk of 谈到 hear of 听说 ‎　　complain of 抱怨become of 发生……情况，怎么啦 ‎9．动词+off ‎　　start off 出发 set off 出发　 leave off 中断 show off 炫耀 ‎　　get off 下车 take off 脱下，起飞 see off 送行 ring off 挂断电话 ‎　　put off 延期，推迟 come off 脱落，褪色cut off 切断，断绝 fall off 跌落，掉下 keep off 避开，勿走近 go off 走开；消失；坏了,爆炸，不喜欢　‎ knock…off 把…撞落 break off 打断 pay off 还清 　carry off 携走带走，赢得 ‎　　get off 脱下(衣服等) 　give off 散发出 turn(switch) off 关掉 ‎ 10．动词+on ‎　　depend on 依靠 　 rely on 依靠 insist on 坚持 carry on 继续，进行 ‎　　keep／go on 继续 　 spend…on 在……花钱put on 穿上，戴上，上演 call on 拜访 ‎　　move on 继续移动，往前走 live on 以…为生feed on 以…为生 bring on 使…发展 ‎　　take on 雇用，呈现(新面貌等) 　try on 试穿　have on 穿着 pass on 传授，传递 ‎　　look on 旁观 　　turn(switch) on 打开 ‎11．动词+out break out 爆发 point out 指出 pick out 选出 figure out 算出，理解 burst out 进发 bring out 阐明，使表现出 carry out 执行，进行 ‎ help out 救助 hold out 坚持下去 set out 出发，着手，摆放 wear out 穿破，使……疲劳 turn out 结果是，生产，培养 make out 理解，看清楚 come out 出版，出来cross out 划掉 leave out 省略，删掉 ‎ keep out(of) 使不进入，挡住 work out 算出，想出办法等 find out 查出，弄明白 give out 散发，分发，用完try out 试用，试验 ‎ look out 当心，提防put out 扑灭 speak out 大胆讲出 hand out 散发 send out 发出，派遣 run out 用完 go out 熄灭 let out 泄漏，发出(声音)，出租 die out 灭绝 ‎12．动词十in give in 让步 hand in 上交 bring in 引进，使得到收入 drop in 拜访 result in 导致 succeed in 在……获成功 join in 参加 take in 接纳，吸收，改小 get in 收获，进入 break in 强制进入，插话 fill in 填写 call in 召集，来访 cut in 插入 persist in 坚持 look in 来访，参观 ‎13．动词十into look into 研究，调查 turn into 变成 burst into 闯入，进发 divide…into 把……分成 change…into 把……变成 put／translate…into 把……译成 run into碰到 send sb to/into sleep 使进入状态 ‎14．动词+over turn over 翻倒，细想 think over 仔细考虑 go over 审阅，检查，研究 ‎ look over 翻阅，检查 get over 克服 run over 压死，看一遍 take over 接管，接替 watch over 看守，照看fall over 跌倒，摔倒 roll over 翻滚 ‎15．动词十to belong to 属于 object to 反对 refer to 谈到，涉及，参阅 point to 指向 turn to 向……求助，查阅 stick／hold／keep to 坚持，忠于 see to 处理，料理 come to 共计，苏醒 reply to 答复 get to 到达 bring to使苏醒把……比作 compare…to 与…相比;把…比作 agree to 同意 write to 写信给 supply…to 为……提供 lead to 导致，通向 add to 增添 ‎ attend to 处理,专心，照料 devote…to 贡献给 ‎16．动词+up grow up 成长，长大 give up 放弃，献出 build up 建立 set up 架起、建立 put up 搭起，架起，安装，住宿，张贴，盖起 do up 整理，包装，打扮 ‎ go up 增长，上涨 get up 起床，站起 pick up 拾起，学会，用车，来接，收听到 ‎　 bring up 抚养，呕吐，提出 出现 turn up 开大(音量等)，出席　　stay up 挺住，熬夜 ‎ take up 开始学，从事，占据 sit up 熬夜 eat up 吃完 use up 用完 tear up 撕碎 lay up 储存 make up构成，组成 编造 弥补　　‎ cut up 切碎 join up 联结起来，参军end up 总结 come up 上来，长出，出现 speed up 加快速度 throw up 呕吐clear up 整理，收拾，放晴 look up 查找，找出 bum up 烧毁 catch up 赶上hurry up 赶快 fix up 修理，安排，装置 keep up 保持 hold up 耽搁，使停顿send up 发射 ring up 打电话 open up 开创，开辟 divide up 分配break up 分解 ‎17．动词十through get through 通过，干完，接通电话 look through 翻阅，看一遍，仔细查看 go through 审阅，检查，学习 put…through 接通电话see through 识破 check through 核对pull through 渡过危机，康复 ‎18．动词+with deal with 处理，对付 do with 处理，需要 meet with 遇到，遭受 talk with 同……交谈agree with 同意，与……一致 ‎ compare with 与……相比combine with 与……相联合 equip…with 以……装备 cover…with 用……覆盖 begin with 以……开始end up with 以……结束 supply…with 以……供给 provide…with 以……供给 play with 玩，玩弄 ‎19．三词以上的短语动词 add up to 总计 break away from 摆脱keep away from 避开，别靠近 do away with 废除 look down on 轻视 look up to 仰望，尊敬put up with 忍受 catch up with 赶上 keep up with 赶上 run out of 用完make up for 弥补 go on with 继续 get on(along) with 和……相处 look forward to 盼望 get close to 接近 take hold of 握住get out of 逃避，避免 get down to 认真开始 set fire to 放火烧 pay attention to 注意take notice of 注意 set an example to 为……榜样 do well in 在……干得好 pay a visit to 访问take a photo of 拍……照片 take the place of 取代 强化练习 ‎1. The novel is so badly written that I can hardly _ _ what the writer is trying to say.‎ ‎　A. find out B. figure out C. look through D. get through ‎2. The students were told to _ _ their English before going abroad.‎ A. give up B. polish up C. use up D. end up ‎3. ---What's wrong with Jane?‎ ‎　---A letter from home _ _ an attack of homesickness.‎ ‎　A. sent out B. set out C. sent off D. set off ‎4. Your article will have to be _ _ to fit into the magazine.‎ ‎　A. cut out B. cut up C. cut down D. cut off ‎5. Our teachers promised to attend our class meeting, but they haven't yet.‎ ‎　A. turned up B. turned out C. reached D. turned over ‎6. ---Will you walk a little faster?‎ ‎　---I was afraid you could not .‎ ‎　A. walk up B. go up C. keep up D. catch up ‎7. ---I heard Back Street Boys will sing at the New Theatre.‎ ‎　---Where did you ?‎ A. pick that up B. put that up C. make that up D. take that up ‎8. It is a pity that the quarrel _ _ their friendship.‎ ‎　A. broke up B. put down C. gave up D. took away ‎9. Please make sure the light will if no one is in the room.‎ ‎　A. turn off B. put out C. take away D. go out ‎10. The simple joy of reading is something we take for granted. But many people have had to _ _ this pleasure because of poor eyesight.‎ ‎　A. give in B. give off C. give out D. give up ‎11. It was dark, we decided _ __ for the night at the farm house.‎ ‎　A. put away B. put down C. put up D. put out ‎12. After recovering from his illness, he was advised to gardening as a bobby.‎ ‎　A. take away B. take off C. take on D. take up ‎13. David likes country life and has decided to farming.‎ ‎　A. go in for B. go through C. go on to D. go with ‎14. You may_ studying English, but in the long run, you'll be glad that you did.‎ ‎　A. get interested in B. make use of C. get used to D. get tired of ‎15. Chemicals in the body _ _ our food into useful substance.‎ ‎　A. mix up B. deal with C. bring in D. break down ‎16. ---Let's go to the lecture on International Trade this evening.‎ ‎　---That' s great. I'll you at 6: 30.‎ ‎　A. call up B. call to C. call for D. call on ‎17. I tried to work on, but I was so tired that I could no longer .‎ ‎　A. bear out B. hold on C. hold up D. work out ‎18. ---What a large and bright room ! Is it a classroom?‎ ‎　---No, It _ _ the students' reading-room.‎ ‎　A. refers to B. stands for C. is supposed to be D. is meant for ‎19. Once the poison is , there is no further danger.‎ ‎　A. brought up B. brought in C. brought back D. brought about ‎20. It was only when her sorrow that Tom looked at her.‎ ‎　A. broke out B. happened C. took place D. gave out ‎21. The lower room was in darkness, but by _ _ his way he found the bag.‎ ‎　A. taking B. feeling C. pushing D. making ‎22. We may have dreams because we have needs that are _ _ in our daily lives.‎ ‎　A. unknown B. undone C. unborn D. unmet ‎23. Miss Kate smiled at them all, _ _ to say something, and went quietly out.‎ ‎　A. looked B. appeared C. wished D. hoped ‎24. The teacher _ _ that the pupils finish their compositions at once.‎ ‎　A. described B. desired C. delighted D. determined ‎25. ---Excuse me, what time can I see you tonight?‎ ‎　---Can we _ _ it eight o' clock?‎ ‎　A. see B. decide C. make D. fix ‎26. If Mr. Brown _ _ his sister to attend the party, she will certainly be glad to.‎ ‎ A. hopes B. manages C. demands D. advises ‎27. ---He failed his exam again.‎ ‎　---But what did you ? Had he ever been working hard?‎ ‎　A. think B. expect C. consider D. regard ‎28. ---What happened to you yesterday?‎ ‎　---At the bus stop a thief my handbag and ran off down the street.‎ ‎　A. caught B. stolen C. robbed D. snatched ‎29. That' s funny! I remember putting my glasses on the desk, but now they're .‎ ‎　A. missed B. broken C. gone D. disappeared ‎30. A terrible thought suddenly _ _ me. ---Had anyone broken into the house?‎ ‎　A. struck B. beat C. knocked D. attacked ‎31. ---How about this kind of fruit?‎ ‎　---Oh, this kind of fruit _ _ lots of vitamin C and B.‎ ‎　A. remains B. includes C. contains D. holds ‎32. ---I'd like to the cinema with you, Dad.‎ ‎　---Sorry, my darling, but this film is _ _ for adults only.‎ ‎　A. admitted B. intended C. promised D. permitted ‎33. She goes over all her lessons once a week and the job _ _ her three hours.‎ ‎　A. spends B. takes C. spares D. lasts ‎34. Mr. Brown didn't believe that such a little thing could _ _ much.‎ ‎　A. mind B. matter C. trouble D. happen ‎35. Instead of _ _ their burden, he gave the students more homework. Do you think it right.?‎ ‎　A. increasing B. bearing C. adding to D. lightening ‎36. After the tiring journey, Gerald hoped to find a hotel to _ _ the night in.‎ ‎　A. sleep B. spare C. pass D. remain ‎37. ---How about going to see the film this evening?‎ ‎　---OK, I'll you at exactly eight o' clock.‎ ‎　A. expect B. wait for C. bring D. agree with ‎38. ---What do you think of those curtains?‎ ‎　---Oh, they _ very well with the wallpapers, I think.‎ ‎　A. suit B. fit C. fix D. go Keys:‎ ‎　　1.D 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.A 6.C 7.A 8.A 9.D 10.D ‎　　11.C 12. D 13. A 14. D 15. D 16. C 17. B 18. D 19. A 20. A ‎　　21.B 22. D 23. B 24. B 25. C 26. D 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. A ‎　　31.C 32. B 33. B 34. B 35. D 36. C 37. A 38. D ‎　　‎ ‎ 高考英语书面表达52活用句型 I.‎‎ 用于文章主题句 1. 不用说¸… It goes without saying that子句= (It is) needless to say (that)子句= It is obvious that子句= Obviously, S. + V. 例︰不用说早睡早起是值得的。 It goes without saying that it pays to keep early hours.‎ ‎2. …是不可能的; 无法… There is no Ving= There is no way of Ving.= There is no possibility of Ving. = It is impossible to V.= It is out of the question to V.= No one can V.= We cannot V. 例︰不可否认的¸成功的事业关键在于健康的身心。 There is not denying that successful business lies in a healthy body and mind. 3. 我深信…I am greatly convinced (that)子句 = I am greatly assured (that)子句 例︰我深信预防是于治疗。 I am greatly convinced that prevention is better than cure. 4. 在各种…之中¸…Among various kinds of …, …= Of all the …, … 例︰在各种运动中¸我尤其喜欢慢跑。 Among various kinds of sports, I like jogging in particular. ‎ ‎5. …是很容易证明的。It can be easily proved (that)子句 例︰时间最珍贵是很容易证明的。 It can be easily proved that nothing is more precious than time. 6. …无论如何强调都不为过… cannot be overemphasized 例︰交通安全的重要性无论如何强调都不为过。 The importance of traffic safety cannot be overemphasized. 7. 就我的看法¸…；我认为… In my opinion, …= To my mind, …. = As far as I am concerned, …= I am of the opinion that子句 例︰就我的看法¸打电动玩具既花费时间也有害健康。 In my opinion, playing video games not only takes much time but is also harmful to health. 8. (A) 每个人都知道…Everyone knows (that)子句 (B) 就我所知¸…As far as my knowledge is concerned, … 例︰就我所知¸下列方法对我帮助很大。 As far as my knowledge is concerned, the following ways are of great help to me. 9. 毫无疑问地¸…There is no doubt (that)子句 例︰毫无疑问地¸近视在我国的年轻人中是一个严重的问题。 There is no doubt that near-sightedness is a serious problem among the youth of our country. 10. 根据我个人经验¸…According to my personal experience, …= Based on my personal experience, … 例︰根据我个人经验¸微笑已带给我许多好处。 According to my personal experience, smile has done me a lot of good. 11. 在我认识的人当中¸也许没有一个人比…更值得我尊敬。 Of all the people I know, perhaps non deserves my respect more than … 例︰在我认识的人当中¸也许没有一个人比我的英文老师张老师更值得我尊敬。 Of all the people I know, perhaps non deserves my respect more than Miss Chang, my English teacher.  12. 在我的求学过程中¸我忘不了…In the course of my schooling. I will never forget … 例︰在我的求学过程中¸我忘不了学习英文所遭到的大困难。 In the course of my schooling. I will never forget the great difficulty I encountered in learning English. 13. (A) 随着人口的增加¸… With the increase/growth of the population, … (B) 随着科技的进步, … With the advance of science and technology, … 例︰随着台湾经济的快速发展¸许多社会问题产生了。 With the rapid development of Taiwan's economy, a lot of social problems have come to pass. 14. (A) 在这信息的年代¸…扮演重要的角色。 In the age of information and communication, … plays an important role. (B) 在今日工业社会中¸…是生命不可或缺的。 In today's industrial society, … is indispensable to life. 例︰在这信息的年代¸计算机扮演非常重要的角色。 In this age of information and communication, the computer plays an extremely important role. 15. 在讨论…¸一个人不得不承认…。In dealing with …, one cannot but admit (that)子句 例︰在讨论未来的职业¸一个人不得不承认尽早决定未来的职业很重要。 In dealing with one's future career, one cannot but admit that it is very important to decide one's future career as ‎ early as possible. 16. 世上没有什么比…更令我高兴。Nothing in the world can delight me so much as … 例︰世上没有什么比到快餐店吃汉堡更令我高兴。 Nothing in the world can delight me so much as having hamburgers in fast-food restaurants. 17. … 是必要的 It is necessary that S (should) V … 是重要的 It is important/essential that S (should) V … 是适当的 It is proper that S (should) V … 是紧急的 It is urgent that S (should) V 例︰我们当保持公共场所清洁是应当的。 It is proper that we (should) keep the public places clean. 18. 每当我听到…¸我就忍不住感到兴奋。Whenever I hear …, I cannot but feel excited. 每当我做…¸ 我就忍不住感到悲伤。 Whenever I do …, I cannot but feel sad. 每当我想到…¸我就忍不住感到紧张。Whenever I think of …, I cannot but feel nervous. 每当我遭遇…¸我就忍不住感到害怕。Whenever I meet with …, I cannot but feel frightened. 每当我看到… 我就忍不住感到惊讶。Whenever I see …, I cannot but feel surprised. 例︰每当我想到我家附近那一条清澈的小溪¸我就忍不住感到悲伤。 Whenever I think of the clean brook near my home, I cannot but feel sad. = Every time I think of the clean brook near my home, I cannot help feeling sad. 19. 据说… It is said (that)子句一般认为… It is thought (that)子句 大家都知道… It is known (that)子句据报导… It is reported (that)子句 一般预料… It is expected (that)子句 ‎ 一般估计… It is estimated (that)子句 一般相信… It is believed (that)子句 例︰一般相信阅读增加我们的知识、扩大我们的心胸。 It is believed (that) reading increases our knowledge and broadens our mind. 20. …的主要理由是…The main reason why ….. is (that)子句 例︰青少年犯罪的主要理由是社会环境日一败坏。 The main reason why the juveniles commit crimes is that social environment is becoming worse. 21. 俗语说得好：「…」。 Well goes an old saying, "…"= As an old saying goes(runs, says), "…" = An old saying goes, "…"= It's an old saying (that)子句 例︰俗话说得好：「诚实为上策」。 As an old saying goes, "Honesty is the best policy." 22. (A) …用下列方法… … in the following ways. (B) …有三个主要理由。 … for three major reasons. (C) 要…¸至少我们可做三件事。 To …, there are at least three things we can do. 例︰(A) 我用下列方法增加信心。 I increase my confidence in the following ways. (B) 人们学外语有三个理由。 People learn a foreign language for three major reasons. (C) 为了维护健康¸我们每天至少可做三件事。 To keep healthy, there are at least three things we can do every day.‎ II. 用于文章承转句 23. 那就是(说)…；亦即…That is to say, …= That is, …= Namely, … 例︰我们生活需有规律。也就是说¸早睡早起¸戒除烟酒。 We need to live a regular life. That is, we can keep good hours and refrain from smoking and drinking in the daily activities. 24. (A) 基于这个理由¸… For this reason, …(B) 为了这个目的¸… For this purpose, … 例︰基于这个理由¸我已决定把行医作为未来的职业。 For this reason, I have decided to take practicing medicine as my future career. 25. 我们有理由相信…We have reasons to believe (that)子句 例︰我们有理由相信体罚应该严格禁止。 We have reasons to believe that corporal punishment should be strictly prohibited.‎ ‎26. 事实上¸…As a matter of fact, …= In fact, … 例︰事实上¸健康才是最重要。 As a matter of fact, it is health that counts. 27. (A) 例如¸… For example, …(B) 拿…做例子 Take … for example.  例︰例如¸我们盲目地提高生活水准¸却降低生活品质。 For example, we elevate the living standards blindly, but lower the quality of life. 28. 此外¸我们不应忽视…Besides (In addition), we should not neglect … 例︰此外¸我们不应忽视每个人都想要一个温馨祥和的社会。 In addition, we should not neglect that everyone wants a friendly and peaceful society. 29. 相反地¸…on the contrary, …= by contrast, … 例︰相反地¸少数学生似乎还在鬼混。 On the contrary, a few students, it seems, are still fooling around.‎ ‎30. 另一方面¸…on the other hand, … 例︰政府应严格执法¸另一方面¸大众也应该培养减少污染的好习惯。 The government should enforce laws strictly. On the other hand, the public also should develop the good habit of ‎ reducing pollution. 31. 然而¸很可惜的是…However, it is a pity that子句 例︰然而¸很可惜的是他总是临时抱佛脚。 However, it is a pity that he should always cram at the eleventh hour. 32. 换言之¸…in other words, …= to put it differently 例︰换言之¸我会尽最大的努力达成我的目标。 In other words, I will try my best to attain (gain, live up to) my goal. 33. 别人可能认为这是事实¸但我不是。我认为… It may be true as assumed by others, but I don't. I believe that子句 例︰别人可能认为这是事实¸但我不是。我认为… It may be true as assumed by others, but I don't. I believe that if you have strong determination and perseverance, ‎ the success will certainly come to you in the end. 34. 从此之后¸我已发现…Ever since then, I have found that子句 例︰从此之后¸我已发现… Ever since then, I have found smile the best way to avoid any possible conflicts in our daily lives.‎ ‎35. 这样说来¸假如...¸当然毫无疑问地…。In this light, if…, there can surely be no doubt (that) 子句 例︰这样说来¸假如我们能善用时间¸当然毫无疑问地我们会成功。 In this light, if we can make good use of time, there can surely be no doubt that we will get somewhere. 36. 更严重的是¸…。What is more serious is (that)子句 例︰更严重的是¸我们不珍惜野生动物。 What is more serious is that we do not cherish the wildlife.‎ ‎37. 鉴于社会的实际需要¸…。In view of the practical need of society, …. 例︰鉴于社会的实际需要¸愈来愈多人对学英语有兴趣。 In view of the practical need of society, there are more and more people interested in learning English.‎ III. 用于文章结论句 ‎38. 如果能实践这三点¸…。If one can really put the three points into action (practice), … 例︰如果能实践这三点¸…。 If one can really put the three points into action(practice), he will surely be able to live a healthy and happy life.‎ ‎39. 做这些简单之事¸我们一定可以…。By doing these simple things, we surely can …. 例︰做这些简单之事¸我们一定可以快乐出门平安回家。 By doing these simple things, we surely can go out of the door happily and come back home safe every day. 40. 如此¸我相信…。In this way, I believe (that)子句 例︰如此¸我相信大家能够像我一样¸享受乘坐公车的乐趣。 In this way, I believe that all the people may be able to enjoy the bus ride like me.‎ ‎41. 实践这些¸…。By putting them (the above) into practice, …. 例︰实践这些¸在智育方面我一直能不断进步。 By putting them(the above) into practice, I have been able to make constant progress in intellectual education. 42. (A) 唯有符合此三项要求¸我们才能…。Only by living up to the three requirements, can we …. (B) 唯有通力合作¸我们才能…。Only with combined efforts, can we ….  例︰唯有通力合作¸我们才能期望台湾不久有新的面貌。 Only with combined efforts, can we expect Taiwan to take a new face in due course. 43. 最后¸但并非最不重要¸…。Last but no least, …. 例︰最后¸但并非最不重要¸教育上的缺失是助长青少年犯罪的原因。 Last but no least, the shortcoming in education is the cause contributing to juvenile delinquency. 44. 这证据显示～的重要性在怎么强调都不为过。This evidence shows that the importance of ～ cannot be overemphasized. 例︰这证据显示交通安全的重要性在怎么强调都不为过。 This evidence shows that the importance of traffic safety cannot be overemphasized.‎ ‎45. 由于这些理由¸我…。For these reasons, I …. 例︰由于这些理由¸我认为在台湾接受大学教育是明智的。 For these reasons, I think that receiving college education in ‎Taiwan ‎ is wise. 46. 总而言之¸…。In conclusion, …= To sum up, … 例︰总而言之¸好国民应该遵守交通规则。 In conclusion, a good citizen should abide by traffic regulations.‎ ‎47. 因此¸我们能下个结论¸那就是…。We can, therefore, come to the conclusion (that)子句 例︰因此¸我们能下个结论¸那就是世上自由罪珍贵。 We can, therefore, come to the conclusion that nothing is so precious as freedom in the world. 48. 如果我们能做到如上所述¸毫无疑问地¸…。f we can do as mentioned above, there can be no doubt (that)‎ 例︰如果我们能做到如上所述¸毫无疑问地¸我们就能精通英语。 If we can do as mentioned above, there can be no doubt that we can master English 49. 因此¸这就是…的原因。Thus, this is the reason why …. 例︰因此¸这就是我重感冒的原因。 Thus, this is the reason why I caught a bad cold. 50. 所以¸我们应该了解…。Therefore, we should realize (that)子句 例︰所以¸我们应该了解学英文不能没有字典。 Therefore, we should realize that in learning English we cannot do without a dictionary. 51. 因此¸由上列的讨论我们可以明了…。We, therefore, can make clear from the above discussion (that) 例︰因此¸由上列的讨论我们可以明了毅力可以克服任何困难。 We, therefore, can make clear from the above discussion that perseverance can overcome any difficulty.‎ ‎52. 1. 从～观点来看¸…。 From the ～ point of view, …2. 根据～的看法¸ According to ～ point of view, … 例︰从政治的观点来看¸这是一个很复杂的问题。  From the political point 书面临场技法 ‎（一）注意写作四要素 ‎ ‎ ①内容要点的完整性； ②语言交际的得体性； ③语言表达的得体性； ④语篇结构的连贯性。 ‎ ‎（二）注意英语书面表达获得高分的六大特性 ‎①条理性。指的是合理布局文章结构。首先在文章思路、组织材料、叙述顺序等方面要有一定的条理性。其次根据需要安排好段落，各段之间要层次分明，要重视每段的开头和结尾，开头语是总领句，结尾语是总结句。‎ ‎②准确性。要求写出语法正确的句子，包括时态、语态、用词和句法等，要准确、地道地表达。必须牢牢掌握常用句型或习惯表达，避免中式英语，注意中英用法差异，养成用英语写作的习惯。‎ ‎③流畅性。根据整篇文章的需要，有效采用不同的连接手段使文章层次清楚，行文连贯。‎ ‎④多样性。语言简洁，不重复。根据内容写出句式多样的语句，这也是新课标对写作的评价标准。‎ ‎⑤思想性。新课标对写作的要求，增加了情感因素。在准确流畅地表达写作要点的同时，适当增加句子的感情色彩，增加一些人情味，使文章读起来更亲切，完全达到与读者交流的目的。‎ ‎⑥美观性。指卷面布局合理，书写规范、清楚、干净、整洁。‎ ‎（三）容易扣分的环节 ‎①英语标点符号和大小写使用错误。‎ ‎②文章里面出现汉字、汉语拼音等。‎ ‎③时间分配不合理，给作文留的时间太少，文章没有写完。‎ ‎④文章缺乏必要的构思，涂改现象严重。‎ ‎⑤文章词数少于80或超过规定最高要求的试卷从总分中扣2分。‎ 四）写作步骤 ‎①看题目、看要求、看体裁；②定文体、定人称、定时态；‎ ‎③选要点、选要词、选句型；④重条理、重过渡、重书写。‎ 书面表达重点预测与押题 ‎ 图表类 ‎[押题一] Is a Training Class or Family Teacher Necessary?‎ 目前，越来越多的中学生利用周末上各种各样的培训班或请家教。对于这一现象，存在两种不同观点：‎ 有些人认为有必要 另一些人认为没有必要 跟教师学比自己学好 可以巩固课堂所学内容 可以学到更多的东西 容易养成依赖习惯 学生需要时间休息 许多培训班和家教以赢利为目的 请根据以上提示，以Is a Training Class or Family Teacher Necessary?为题，写一篇120词左右的短文，反映表中内容，并简要阐述自己的观点。‎ 要求：层次清晰，连贯流畅，表达灵活，不要逐字逐句翻译。‎ 参考词汇：巩固strengthen自学 self study。 ‎ 押中指数☆☆☆☆☆‎ ‎【押题依据】在现实生活中，父母望子成龙，望女成凤，对子女的期望值过高，充分利用节假日，让孩子参加各种培训班，有些家长为孩子请家庭教师。这已经成为一种社会普遍现象。‎ ‎【范文示例】‎ Is a Training class or Family Teacher Necessary?‎ More and more middle school students are going to all kinds of training classes or having family teachers at the weekend. There are two different viewpoints about it.‎ Some thinks it necessary. First of all, it’s more effective to study with a teacher than by themselves. Secondly, it can strengthen what is learnt in class. Besides, they can learn a lot more. Others think it unnecessary. For one thing, students can easily form the habit of dependence. For another, students need time to relax from time to time. What’s more, the purpose of many training classes and teachers is to make money.‎ In my opinion, whether a training class or family teacher is needed just depends. If you are really very weak at or interested in a certain subject, maybe it’s OK for you. But be sure to choose a good and suitable class or teacher, otherwise it would be a waste of time and money.‎ ‎【范文点评】本文讨证的是当今的热门话题，全文语言简明扼要，过渡自然，如first of all，besides，for one thing, for another，what’s more等。结构紧凑,行文流畅。‎ 提纲类 ‎ [押题二]Challenges 根据下面提示，以Challenges为题，写一篇议论文。‎ ‎1.人们愿意接受挑战。‎ ‎2.人们愿意接受挑战的原因。‎ ‎3.我们面临各种挑战。‎ 词数：120—150。‎ 押中指数☆☆☆☆‎ ‎【押题依据】在现实生活中，我们会面临各种困难和压力，可以说我们生活在充满挑战的年代，是回避，还是勇敢地接受挑战，就摆在我们每个人面前，这是当今的一个主题和热点。‎ ‎ 【解题关键】根据情景，第一段可以介绍人们在哪些方面愿意接受挑战。第二段可阐述人们为什么愿意接受挑战，说明原因，如：好奇，成功的欲望等等。第三段各行各业都有挑战。总之我们生活在充满挑战的年代。‎ ‎【范文示例】 ‎ Challenges ‎ For thousands of years，people have accepted challenges in different fields.There are not only physical challenges，but also social and intellectual challenges.Some people risk their lives in playing sports to see how well they can do.Others try to make and invent something to make life easier. They all enjoy challenges.‎ ‎ Why do people enjoy these challenges?There are probably two important reasons. One is curiosity. The other is the personal feeling of success, of achievement.And nowadays, for some people, it is a business.‎ ‎ Today we still have many challenges before us. Medical science faces the challenges of conquering many diseases which still attack human beings. Engineers and planners must build new cities,and design new kinds of transportation. Scientists must develop new forms of energy. In short ,we live in an age full of challenges.‎ ‎【范文点评】本文论点清楚,论据具体,论证有力,过渡自然。‎ 图画类 ‎[押题三]‎ ‎ 根据图画所描述的内容写一篇文章。‎ 押中指数☆☆☆☆☆‎ ‎【押题依据】 高考是全社会关注的大事，学校和家庭表现尤为突出。家庭成员对考生从学习到生活给予无微不至的"关怀"，结果却给考生带来负面影响。‎ ‎【解题关键】本文是夹叙夹议类的文章，主要反映家庭对考生的特别"关注"，给他们带来负面影响。在写作过程中，对主题要审准、审清，对发展过程和结果进行叙述。‎ ‎【范文示例】As the College Entrance Examination is drawing near ,the situation is getting worse and worse. From the picture,we can see that Li Ming is "studying hard".There are many books for him to read and many papers for him to do. How poor he is! At the same time,all his family are also busy working for him. ‎ Nowadays,many parents expect too much of their sons or daughters. They hope that their sons or daughters study hard in order to be admitted to an ideal college or a key university. It is for this reason that parents are strict with their children. However, they don’t realize what they have become a heavy burden or a great pressure. It is the hardwork or the great pressure that changes their children that much.‎ ‎ So I hope parents provide a proper environment for their children. Only in this way,will they try their best and succeed at last!‎ 考前热身练习题 ‎1．At noon we reached _______small village _______east of ‎_______Summer‎ ‎Palace.‎ A．the; the; the　　 B．a; / ; the　　 C．a; the; the　　 D．a; / ; /‎ ‎2．Unfortunately, it is too late _______any taxi. So we have to walk home.‎ A．to be　　 B．for there to be　　 C．to have been　　D．being ‎3．－Do you have the time ? －Sorry, I have no watch. －_______．‎ A．What a shame　　 B．Thanks anyway　　 C．It doesn’t matter　D．Why not buy one ?‎ ‎4．－How are the Houston Rockets playing ?‎ ‎－They _______ off to a bad start, but they are playing quite well.‎ A．had got　　 B．was getting　　 C．got　　 D．has got ‎5．－There’s coffee and tea; you can have _______. －Thanks.‎ A．either　　 B．each　　 C．one　　 D．it ‎6．As the situation was serious, the general manager had to _______ so that he could deal with it himself.‎ A．take on　　 B．take turns　　 C．take up　　 D．take over ‎ ‎7．Is this hotel_______offered you a job_______you stayed the first time you arrived here ?‎ A．which; where　 B．the one; in which　 C．where; that　 D the one that; where ‎8．_______for the terrible accident, as the public thought, the mayor felt nervous and was at a loss what to do.‎ A．Having blamed　　 B．To blame　　 C．Being to blamed D．Being to blame ‎9．We can’t believe that he drew such a big conclusion according to _______he took for granted .‎ A．as　　 B．that　　 C．what　　 D．it ‎10．In character-training of children, what really_______ much is what their parents say and do.‎ A．matters　　 B．caress　　 C．considers　　 D．minds ‎11．The doctor gave me some medicine, _______three times a day.‎ A．taken　　 B．to be taken　　 C．taking　　 D．to take ‎12．－Do you enjoy these two novels ? －I should if _______of them was written well .‎ A．every　　 B．each　　 C．both　　 D．any ‎13．They all ran to the window, _______they could see _______ was happening in the street.‎ A．where; all what　　 B．from which; what　　 C．which; all　　 D．from which; that ‎14．Our teacher is strict _______us. He never allows us to write _______ carelessly.‎ A．with; that　　 B．with; such so　　 C．to; such　　 D．to; so ‎15．_______your step, Peter, or you might fall into the water.‎ A．Look out　　 B．Take 　　 C．Watch　　 D．Notice ‎16．－What do you think of the food ?‎ ‎－Wonderful. It couldn’t be _______.‎ A．so good　　 B．the best　　 C．the better　　 D．any better ‎17．There are some mistakes in this composition. If_______, please correct them.‎ A．finding　　 B．having been found　　 C．found　　 D．find ‎18．—　_______. ‎ ‎－I’m calling to see whether you still have the house on sale. －Yes, we have.‎ A．Yes ?　　 B．Who ?　　 C．Hello ?　　 D．Pardon ?‎ ‎19．－How many times _______you not to play with fire ?‎ ‎－Sorry, I won’t do so any longer.‎ A．had I told　　 B．have I told　　 C．am I telling　　 D．did I told ‎20．After the Anti-terrorist War，the American soldiers returned home, _______.‎ A．safe but tired　　 B．safely but tired　　 C．safe and tiring　 D．safely and tiring ‎21．The artist was born poor, _______ he remained all his life.‎ A．but poorer　　 B．so poor　　 C．while poorly　　D．and poor ‎22．－Where is Tom ? －He’s left a (n) _______saying that he has something important to do .‎ A．message　　 B．excuse　　 C．news　　 D．sentence ‎23．－How come a simple meal like this costs so much ? ‎ ‎－We have _______in your bill the cost of the tea pot you broke just now.‎ A．included　　 B．added　　 C．involved　　 D．charged ‎24．I was in deep thought, _______that I didn’t hear the telephone.‎ A．as a result　　 B．as result of　　 C．with the result　 D．as the result ‎25．As a child Christine wished to be an actress, but she _______ as a teacher in a primary school.‎ A．finished off　　 B．ended up　　 C．turned out　　 D．showed up ‎26．－Have you finished checking the paper ?－Yes, we did three times; there ____be no more errors.‎ A．will　　 B．might　　 C．can　　 D．ought to ‎27．_______ came that Yang Yang won _______second gold medal at the Winter Olympic Games in 2002.‎ A．The word; the　　 B．word; a　　 C．A word; a　　 D．Words; the ‎28．－I should have gone to see the film with you, but not. —　_______　.‎ A．No, you needn’t　 B．Yes, you should　 C．I’m sorry for that　D．What a pity ‎29．－We tried our best. －You’d better give up, nowhere _______.‎ A．the missing girl could be found　　 B．will find the missing girl C．could find the missing girl　　 D．could the missing girl be found ‎30．She left him, _______ never _______foot in that house again.‎ A．determined, to set　 B．determining, to set　 C．determined, set　D．determining, set ‎31．－Jack _______ like the same person. －Having seen so much in the war_______him more gentle.‎ A．doesn’t seem, has made　　 B．didn’t seen, was making C．hasn’t seemed, made 　　 D．isn’t seeming, made ‎32．Bob’s father talked to him till he was blue in the face, _______ it did no good; the boy quitted school anyway.‎ A．because　　 B．since　　 C．but　　 D．therefore ‎33．－Daddy, would you buy me an MP3 player if I do well in the first city-wide examination ?‎ ‎--- I __________ .‎ A．would　　 B．shall　　 C．will　　 D．do ‎34．I thought that these computers cost ＄850, but the price _______up ＄50.‎ A．went　　 B．will go　　 C．goes　　 D．has gone ‎35．When you rewrite the paragraph, I advise you to _______ the last sentence as it is rather misleading.‎ A．point out　　 B．make out　　 C．leave out　　 D．put out ‎36．My friend Paul was cheated when he paid ＄1000 for that second-hand car; it was not worth _______ ‎ A．that all much　　 B．all that much　　 C．that much all　　D．much all that ‎37．Alan, _______home very late form his job, found an angry wife waiting for him at breakfast.‎ A．returning　　 B．returned　　 C．to return　　 D．had returned ‎38．They are teachers and don’t realize _______to start and run a company.‎ A．what it takes　　 B．what takes it　　 C．what they take　D．what takes them ‎39．_______can help but be attracted by the science stories.‎ A．Every body　　 B．Any body　　 C．Somebody　　 D．Nobody ‎40．－　_______. －Ok, How are you doing ?‎ A．How’s it going　　 B．How do you do ?　　 C．What is up　　 D．What is the matter ?‎ ‎41．In order to encourage the students to study hard, the school decides to give the scholarship to ___wins the first in the exam.‎ A．who　　 B．whom　　 C．whomever　　 D．whoever ‎42．She was surprised to know that the doctor was _______too much for the treatment he was giving her.‎ A．affording　　 B．costing　　 C．offering　　 D．charging ‎43．－Good evening, Mr. pierce. I’m sorry to bother you. But it’s the fourth of December today.‎ ‎－Oh, Mrs. Baxter, _________rent ! I’m sorry it’s late. I’ll write you _______check right now.‎ A．the; the　　 B．a; a　　 C．a; the　　 D．the; a ‎44．More and more people in China prefer to choose ___cheap wireless phone service known as __ “Little Smart.”‎ A．a; the　　 B．a; /　　 C．the; the　　 D．the; /‎ ‎45．Beck is an honest businessman. Our company and his have had a lot of _______in the past five years.‎ A．deals　　 B．agreements　　 C．rewards　　 D．sales ‎46．－Hurry up, Michael ! It’s ten to eight.‎ ‎－Goodness me ! The class_______ . I’ll be late again.‎ A．must begin　　 B．may begin　　 C．should have begun　D．must have begun ‎47．A warning news report from Qater announces that a group of Islam will continue to kill Americans wherever they are_______ they leave the Arab world forever.‎ A．even though　　 B．in case　　 C．whenever　　 D．until ‎48．A Brazilian mask（面具）maker has finished two models of masks of Iraqi ex-President Saddam Hussein, one of him in power and one of him when _______by U.S soldiers.‎ A．caught　　 B．catching　　 C．to be caught　　D．to catch ‎49．The women’s club _______Lin, a foreign company employee who used to pay little attention to her appearance, to improve her dress style and become more confident and open-minded.‎ A．enabled　　 B．had enabled　　 C．has enabled　　 D．enables ‎50．__China’s reform（改革）and opening up in late 1978，its quick development has aroused worldwide attention.‎ A．When　　 B．As　　 C．While　　 D．Since ‎（key：1—10 BBBCA　DDDCA　11—20 BBBAC　DDCBA　21—30 DAACC　DBDDA　31—40 ACCDC　BAADA　41—50 DDDBA　DDACD