2020版高考英语 Unit 1 Women of achievement（词汇考查+词汇应用）（含解析）4

2020版高考英语 Unit 1 Women of achievement（词汇考查+词汇应用）（含解析）4

Unit 1‎ 李仕才 ‎ 一、词汇复习 ‎（一）单句语法填空 ‎1．Students get a _______(count)of 25% on plane tickets. ‎ 答案：discount 　句意：学生享有25%的机票折扣。‎ ‎2．The water is _______(fit)for drinking and you have to go without water. ‎ 答案：unfit　句意：这水不适宜饮用，你只能不喝水了。‎ ‎3．It's ________(honesty)to lie about one's age. ‎ 答案：dishonest　句意：谎报自己的年龄是不诚实的。‎ ‎4．The injured man was ________(capable)of walking, so he had to be carried. ‎ 答案：incapable　句意：那个受伤的人不能走路，所以他得被人背着。‎ ‎5．He was ________(ability)to sleep at night because of his anxiety. ‎ 答案：unable　句意：由于焦虑，晚上他不能入睡。‎ ‎（二）英汉互译 ‎1.achievement n.__________‎ ‎2.△Joan of Arc__________‎ ‎3.△Elizabeth Fry __________‎ ‎4.△Quaker n. __________‎ ‎5.welfare n. __________‎ ‎6.project n. __________‎ ‎7.institute n. __________‎ ‎8.△China Welfare Institute __________‎ ‎9.specialist n. __________ ‎ ‎10.△specialize vi. __________‎ ‎11.△Jane Goodall __________‎ ‎12.△chimp n. __________‎ ‎13.connection n. __________‎ ‎14.human being __________‎ ‎15.△Jody Williams__________‎ ‎16.campaign n. __________‎ ‎17.△landmine n. __________‎ ‎18.organization n. __________‎ ‎19.△Gombe‎ ‎National Park‎ __________‎ 8‎ ‎20.behave vt. & vi. __________ ‎ ‎21.behaviour (=behavior) __________‎ ‎22.shade n. vt. __________‎ ‎23.move off __________‎ ‎24.worthwhile adj. __________‎ ‎25.nest n. __________‎ ‎26.bond n. __________‎ ‎27.observe vt. __________‎ ‎28.observation n. __________‎ ‎29.childhood n. __________‎ ‎30.outspoken adj. __________‎ ‎31.respect vt. & n. __________‎ ‎32.argue vt. & vi. __________‎ ‎33.argument n. __________‎ ‎34.entertainment n. __________‎ ‎35.lead a … life __________‎ ‎36.crowd n. vt. __________‎ ‎37.crowd in __________‎ ‎38.inspire vt. __________‎ ‎39.△inspiration n. __________‎ ‎40.support n. & vt. __________‎ ‎41.look down upon/on__________‎ ‎42.refer vi. __________‎ ‎ 43.refer to__________‎ ‎44.audience n. __________‎ ‎45.by chance__________‎ ‎46.come across __________‎ ‎47.△career n. __________‎ ‎48.rate n. __________‎ ‎49.sickness n. __________‎ ‎50.intend vt. __________‎ ‎51.emergency n. __________‎ ‎52.generation n. __________‎ ‎53.△determination n. __________‎ 8‎ ‎54.kindness n. __________‎ ‎55.considerate adj. __________‎ ‎ 56.consideration n. __________‎ ‎57.deliver vt. __________‎ ‎58.carry on __________‎ ‎59.modest adj. __________‎ 二、阅读理解 A Life can be so wonderful, full of adventure and joy. It can also be full of challenges, setbacks(挫折) and heartbreaks. Whatever our circumstances, we generally still have dreams, hopes and desires that little something more we want for ourselves and our loved ones. Yet knowing we can have more can also create a problem, because when we go to change the way we do things, up come the old patterns and pitfalls(陷阱) that stopped us from seeking what we wanted in the first place.‎ This tension between what we feel we can have and what we’re seemingly able to have is the niggling(烦人的)suffering, the anxiety we feel. This is where we usually think it’s easier to just give up. But we’re never meant to let go of part of us that knows we can have more. The intelligence behind that knowing is us — the real us. It’s the part that believes in the life and its possibilities. If you drop that, you begin to feel a little ＂dead＂ inside because you’re dropping ＂you＂. ‎ So, if we have this capability but somehow life seems to keep us stuck，how do we break these patterns?‎ Decide on a new course and make one decision at a time. This is good advice for a new adventure or just getting through today’s challenges.‎ While, deep down, we know we can do it, our mind — or the minds of those close to us — usually says we can’t. That isn’t a reason to stop, it’s just the mind, that little man or woman on your shoulder, trying to talk you out of something again. It has done it many times before. It’s all about starting simple and doing it now.‎ Decide and act before overthinking. When you do this you may feel a little, or large, release from the jail of your mind and you’ll be on your way.‎ ‎1. It can be inferred from the first two paragraphs that we should ________. ‎ 8‎ A. slow down and live a simple life B. be careful when we choose to change C. stick to our dreams under any circumstances D. be content with what we already have ‎2. What is the key to breaking the old patterns?‎ A. To focus on every detail.‎ B. To decide and take immediate action.‎ C. To listen to those close to us.‎ D. To think twice before we act.‎ ‎3. Which of the following best explains the underlined part in the last paragraph?‎ A. Escape from your punishment.‎ B. Realization of your dreams.‎ C. Freedom from your tension.‎ D. Reduction of your expectations.‎ ‎4. What does the author intend to tell us?‎ A. It’s easier than we think to get what we want.‎ B. It’s important to learn to accept sufferings in life.‎ C. It’s impractical to change our way of thinking.‎ D. It’s harder than we expect to follow a new course.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。生活中有许多挑战，我们面对挑战、追求梦想时可能会陷入僵局。作者提供了一些建议——不要杞人忧天，放下包袱，实现梦想很容易。‎ ‎1.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段最后一句＂If you drop that，you begin to feel a little ‘dead’ inside because you’re dropping ‘you’. ＂可知，如果你放弃了梦想，就开始感觉自己内心＂死了＂，因为你失去了自己的追求。由此可以推理出，在任何情况下我们都应该坚持梦想。‎ ‎3.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的建议＂Decide and act before overthinking.＂(在过度思虑之前做决定和行动)可知，不要杞人忧天，你要感到放松。故C正确。‎ 8‎ ‎4.A 【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知作者针对追求梦想提供了一些建议，告诉我们不要杞人忧天，放下包袱，实现梦想很容易。由此可知A正确。‎ B The first potatoes were grown by the Incas of South America, more than 400 years ago. Their descendants(后代) in Ecuador and Chile continue to grow the vegetable as high as 14，000 feet up in the Andes Mountains. (That’s higher than any other food will grow.) Early Spanish and English explorers shipped potatoes to Europe, and they found their way to North America in the early 1600s.‎ People eat potatoes in many ways—baked, mashed, and roasted, to name just three. However, in the United States most potatoes are eaten in the form of French fries. One fastfood chain alone sells more than $1 billion worth of fries each year. No wonder, then, that the company pays particular attention to the way its fries are prepared.‎ Before any fry makes it to the people who eat at these popular restaurants，it must pass many separate tests. Fail any one of these tests and the potato is rejected. To start with, only Russet Burbank potatoes are used. These Idaho potatoes have less water content than other kinds, which can have as much as 80 percent water. Once cut into “shoestrings” shapes，the potatoes are partly fried in a secret blend of oils, sprayed with liquid sugar to brown them, steam dried at high heat, then flash frozen for shipment to individual restaurants.‎ Before shipping，every shoestring is measured. Forty percent of a batch must be between two and three inches long. Another 40 percent has to be over three inches. What about the 20 percent that are left in the batch? Well, a few short fries in a bag are okay，it seems.‎ So，now that you realize the enormous size and value of the potato crop, you can understand why most people agree that this part of the food industry is no “small potatoes”．‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文介绍了土豆被引进美国的历史及炸薯条在美国食物产业中举足轻重的地位。‎ 8‎ ‎1．Potatoes in North America came directly from ．‎ A．Chile　　　　　　 B．‎Europe C．Ecuador D．the ‎Andes‎ ‎Mountains B　解析：细节理解题。根据文中第一段最后一句可知，北美最早的土豆来自欧洲。故选B项。‎ ‎2．Why does the company pay special attention to the way the fries are prepared?‎ A．Because selling fries is a big business.‎ B．Because fries are not easy to prepare at all.‎ C．Because Americans are particular about fries.‎ D．Because the government has a strict rule for that.‎ A　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的One fastfood chain alone sells more than $1 billion worth of fries each year. No wonder, then, that the company pays particular attention to the way its fries are prepared.可知，在美国，炸薯条是个很大的行业，所以会被特殊关注。故选A项。‎ ‎3．In the last paragraph, the writer mainly wants to say ．‎ A．small potatoes cannot be used for fries B．potatoes are really important for Americans C．eating in America is the very first thing D．fries are really important for food industry D　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的内容this part of the food industry is no “small potatoes”可知，在美国，炸薯条在食品产业中不是“小土豆”(无足轻重的东西)，由此可推测，炸薯条在食品产业中占有重要的地位。故选D项。‎ ‎4．What is the main idea of this passage?‎ A．The average American eats 50 pounds of potatoes a year.‎ B．French fries are made from potatoes.‎ C．Potato is a key vegetable in America.‎ D．The various terms for potatoes have a long history.‎ C　解析：主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，在美国，土豆可以有多种吃法，尤其是炸薯条，深受人们的欢迎，也因此带来了强大的商业利润，在食品产业中占有重要地位。因此，本文的主旨是，在美国土豆是很重要的蔬菜。故选C项。‎ 8‎ 三、七选五 It is necessary to be reasonable and flexible enough to avoid conflicts as much as possible and live in peace with others.__1__ If you have done all your best to avoid conflicts and you are still arguing，then read these effective tips on how to avoid conflicts.‎ Don't get in the center of the conflict.‎ Sometimes people can get in the center of conflicts due to their enthusiasm for offering help.Frankly speaking，it is very unwise，because it can make you the main figure of the conflict.__2__ You should focus on your own life issues.‎ Be kind.‎ ‎__3__ Life is full of conflicts and disagreements，and that's why you should find more conservative ways of dealing with them.For example，kindness can lessen the conflict.‎ Try to be a peacekeeper.‎ Peacekeepers tend to cooperate with people without bad emotions which usually lead to arguments and even conflicts.“__4__” This saying is the life motto of a naturalborn peacekeeper.Don't worry if you are not a naturalborn peacekeeper；you can gain this skill during life.‎ Walk off.‎ When the conflict is gathering pace and you can't manage to control yourself，you should choose to handle the situation in another way.By all means，try to keep yourself away from stress.__5__ You should get away from the situation for a while.‎ A．The greatest victory is a battle not fought.‎ B．Conflicts are unavoidable，so try to accept them.‎ C．Weak people usually desire others to offer help and support.‎ D．Let other people solve their problems without your presence.‎ E．It is helpful to put some distance between yourself and the opponent.‎ F．When someone pushes you to the limit，try to act kindly towards this person.‎ G．Arguing can either break your friendship or affect your relationship to some degree.‎ ‎【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了几种有效避免冲突的建议。‎ ‎1．G　根据空前一句“It is necessary to be reasonable and flexible enough to avoid 8‎ ‎ conflicts as much as possible and live in peace with others”可知，尽量避免冲突是十分有必要的；据此可以判断，空处承上启下，介绍冲突的严重危害，引出文章主题，故G项正确。‎ ‎2．D　根据空后一句“You should focus on your own life issues”可知，作者建议把注意力集中在自己的事情上；据此可以判断，空处建议“让其他人自己解决他们自己的问题”，故D项符合文意。‎ ‎3．F　根据该段标题“Be kind”可知，该段主要阐述“和善待人”的建议，这与F项中的“try to act kindly towards this person”照应，故F项符合文意。‎ ‎4．A　根据空后一句“This saying is the life motto of a naturalborn peacekeeper”可以判断，空处是调解人的一句格言。A项意为“最伟大的胜利是一场没有战斗的斗争”，符合文意，故A项正确。‎ ‎5．E　根据空前一句“By all means, try to keep yourself away from stress”可知，这里作者建议要远离冲突，离开对手；据此可知E项符合文意。‎ 8‎