2020版高考英语 Unit 22 Environmental Protection夯练（含解析）北师大版选修8

2020版高考英语 Unit 22 Environmental Protection夯练（含解析）北师大版选修8

Unit 22 Environmental Protection 李仕才 一、阅读理解。‎ Following the crowd may not always be in a person's best interest.But new research suggests that teens who get along with their friends may end up healthier as adults.‎ Scientists have known that close friendships help boost health.That's true for both teens and adults.The finding inspired Joseph Allen，a psychologist at the University of Virginia，and his team to study whether experiences during teen years would influence adult health.‎ So they followed 171 teens，starting when the kids were just 13.They interviewed each one every year for five years，and also spoke to these teens' closest friends，who provided additional information about the quality of their friendships.The same 171 people were interviewed again at ages 25,26 and 27.This time, the questions surveyed each person's overall health.When the researchers analyzed the data，they found a strong connection between a teen's behavior and adult health.Teens who had close friends grew up to be the healthier adults.Whether teens held back their feelings or expressed them to close friends also influenced later health.Those who held back their feelings were more likely to be sick as adults.The connection held up even after the scientists accounted for other possible influences on health.Weight，family income and drug use were all examined.So were mental health issues，such as anxiety and depression.And in these people，such other factors did not explain adult health as well as teen friendships did.‎ Getting along with the crowd may have benefits，says Allen，but there are also drawbacks.Teens who are more independent tend to do better at school and work.And peer pressure may lead some kids to engage in risky behavior，such as smoking，drinking or using drugs.Dealing with it is an ongoing challenge，Allen acknowledges.“Finding the right balance is the key.Teens shouldn't lose heart for not finding this easy.”And，he adds，“Parents need to be understanding about the pressures teens face.”‎ ‎1．Where can you probably read this passage?‎ A．Science fiction.‎ B．Health column.‎ C．Fashion magazine.‎ D．Entertainment newspaper.‎ ‎2．We can learn from Allen's study that ________.‎ 7‎ A．many other factors have a greater influence on adult health than teen friendships B．mental health issues have nothing to do with adult health C．the same 171 teens were interviewed each year from 13 to 27‎ D．the teens who couldn't express themselves grew up to be unhealthy ‎3．According to what Allen said，we can know that ________.‎ A．in order to do better at school，teens should not follow the crowd B．though it's challenging for teens to deal with peer pressure，they should not give up C．teens will engage in smoking，drinking or using drugs when facing peer pressure D．parents should understand their teens and stop them going with friends ‎4．What can be inferred from the passage?‎ A．There is nothing bad for teens to follow the crowd.‎ B．Close friendships are the most important for people's health.‎ C．Teen friendships may help teens become healthier adults.‎ D．Adult health is only influenced by teen friendships.‎ ‎【解题导语】研究表明，与朋友较少或者没有朋友的青少年相比，有朋友的青少年在长大后更健康。当然，与朋友相处也有坏处。‎ ‎1．B　考查推理判断。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍青少年时的友谊对青少年成年后健康的影响。据此可知，本文属于健康知识类文章，故可判断，本文可能选自“健康专栏”，故B项正确。‎ ‎2．D　考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Whether teens held back...sick as adults”可知，青少年是否向他们的好朋友表达情感也会影响到其成年后的健康，那些压抑情感的青少年成年后很可能不健康。故D项正确。‎ ‎3．B　考查细节理解。根据最后一段内容可知，与朋友相处使得青少年在成年后更加健康的同时也会带来不利影响，即周围同龄人带来的压力，这些压力会导致许多问题。分析Allen的话“Finding the right balance is the key.Teens shouldn't lose heart for not finding this easy”可以判断，青少年要应对这些压力，找到正确的平衡点是关键，不能因为很难找到平衡点就灰心丧气。故选B。‎ ‎4．C　考查推理判断。根据文章第一段第二句“But new research suggests that teens who get along with their friends may end up healthier as adults”可知，与朋友相处的青少年在成年后会更加健康。C项意为“青少年时期的友谊会帮助青少年成为更加健康的成年人”，符合文章意思，故C项正确。根据最后一段第一句“Getting along with the crowd may have benefits，says Allen，but there are also drawbacks”可知，与朋友相处有好处，但是也有一定的缺点，故A项与文意不符；B项错在“the most”，D项错在“only”，都太过于绝对。‎ 7‎ 二、阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎(2017·江西师大附中、临川一中联考)The British have many traditions but there is nothing more quintessential(典型的) than taking afternoon tea.We know the Brits have a love affair with drinking tea, 61.____________ more than 160 million cups drunk every day, but it was the invention of afternoon tea that turned tea drink into 62.____________ popular pastime.‎ This sociable feast involves drinking good quality tea 63.____________(comfort) while nibbling(小口吃) on nice sandwiches, scones with jam and cream and a selection of small cakes.And, of course, it can only happen in the afternoon！Afternoon tea, which 64.____________(design) as a light snack to bridge the gap between lunch and dinner, dates back to the 1840s.It went on to become a 65.____________(fashion) social occasion for the upper classes.‎ Now there is a resurgence(复苏) in its 66.____________(popular) in the UK and it is available to anyone who can afford it.67.____________ it can be enjoyed at home, the best way to experience it is at a smart hotel or café.But if you’re thinking of visiting such a place 68.____________(enjoy) a plate of sweet and savory treats with a steaming hot brew, remember the rules you must follow to avoid 69.____________(ask) to leave.‎ Writer Henry James once noted that “there are few hours in life more agreeable than the hour dedicated to the ceremony known as afternoon tea”．I’m sure once you 70.____________(try) it, you will agree.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文讲述的是英国最经典的传统——下午茶以及它在英国的发展和影响。‎ ‎61．with　解析：考查介词。此处是with＋宾语＋过去分词的用法， 作伴随状语。‎ ‎62．a　解析：考查冠词。pastime“娱乐； 消遣”是可数名词， 此处表示泛指， 且popular以辅音音素开头， 所以前面要用不定冠词a。‎ ‎63．comfortably　解析：考查词性转换。drinking是动词， 后面要用副词comfortably修饰。‎ ‎64．was designed　解析：考查动词的时态和语态。Afternoon tea和design是被动关系， 再结合后面的“要追溯到19世纪40年代”可知，此处要用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was designed。‎ ‎65．fashionable　解析：考查词性转换。occasion是名词， 前面要用形容词修饰， 所以此处填fashionable。‎ 7‎ ‎66．popularity　解析：考查词性转换。its是形容词性物主代词， 后面要跟名词popularity。‎ ‎67．Although/Though/While　解析：考查连接词。“it can be enjoyed at home”和“the best way to experience it is at a smart hotel or café”在意思上是转折关系， 所以此处要用表示让步的Although/Though/While。‎ ‎68．to enjoy　解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是动词不定式表目的。‎ ‎69．being asked　解析：考查非谓语动词。avoid后面跟v.ing, 此处应该是“避开被要求”， 所以要用being asked。‎ ‎70．have tried　解析：考查时态。句意：我相信一旦你(已经)尝试了， 你就会赞成的。根据句意可知，“尝试”的动作会产生“赞成”的结果， 所以这里用现在完成时。‎ 三、短文改错。‎ 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ ‎(2017·潍坊4月模拟)One day, an old man was returning home after shopping.Suddenly, a bag of waste fell in the sky, nearly hitting him on his head.He was greatly frightening by the unexpected incident.Dropped the things he had bought to the ground, he ran away rapidly.What dangerous it was.‎ Obviously, the accident caused by a careless neighbour living highly in an apartment.It was that person who was to blame for.Every one of us should behave politely and think more about other.Only when we each behaved properly can our society be changed into a pleasing one.‎ 答案：‎ One day, an old man was returning home after shopping.Suddenly, a bag of waste fell the sky, nearly hitting him on head.He was greatly by the unexpected incident. the things he had bought to the ground, he ran away rapidly. dangerous it was.‎ Obviously, the accident caused by a careless neighbour living in ‎ 7‎ an apartment.It was that person who was to blame .Every one of us should behave politely and think more about .Only when we each properly can our society be changed into a pleasing one.‎ 四、七选五。‎ 根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ In high school, it’s important to stay healthy. 　1　 How can you study well if you’re sick? So you should pay attention to your health in order to study well in high school. In order to enjoy good health, you should have some good habits. Here are some tips for you. ‎ Drink water regularly every day. Some students don’t like drinking water. They only drink water when they are extremely thirsty. 　2　 You should drink water regularly so that your body and brain can function well. Avoid sport drinks and soda when you are thirsty. They are not good for your health. ‎ ‎　3　Some students don’t eat three meals a day. No matter what happens, you should not skip any meal of the day. Eating regularly helps keep your metabolism(新陈代谢)high and keeps your energy up. It’s especially important to eat a good breakfast every day with protein, carbohydrates(碳水化合物), and fiber to set up your body for the day of activity. If you don’t eat, how can you stay focused in class?  ‎ Eat the right foods. Some students eat whatever they can get. This is wrong. 　4　 Choose whole grains like rice and whole wheat flour. Skip muffins, donuts, and other processed foods. Instead, choose whole grains, protein, fruit and vegetables. ‎ ‎　5　If you do that, you can get distracted. Therefore, you may not pay attention to how much you are eating. You may eat too much. Eating too much harms your health. And you may gain too much weight because of it. Try to eat slowly so your brain sends the right signals to tell your belly that it’s full. ‎ A. Don’t skip meals. ‎ B. This is bad for your health. ‎ C. Eat a good breakfast every day. ‎ D. Avoid eating too much at one time. ‎ 7‎ E. Don’t watch TV or movies when you eat. ‎ F. If you are unhealthy, you may fall ill easily. ‎ G. You should eat the foods that are good for your body. ‎ ‎【文章大意】本文主要讲述高中生如何保持健康的话题。‎ ‎1. 【解析】选F。考查词汇复现。空格前谈到“高中时期健康很重要”, 空格后又指出“如果你病了怎么能学习好呢? ”, 故F项“如果你不健康, 你就可能很容易生病。”承上启下, 故选F。‎ ‎2. 【解析】选B。考查意义对等。空格前谈到, 有些学生只在口渴时才喝水, 空格后指出了正确的喝水方式(应该有规律地喝水), 故前面那种“口渴时才喝水”的做法不利于健康, 故选B。‎ ‎3. 【解析】选A。考查意义对等。本段内容谈论的是一日三餐的好处, 而且根据空格后“Some students don’t eat three meals a day. No matter what happens, you should not skip any meal of the day. ”可推知, 选A“不要不吃饭”。‎ ‎4. 【解析】选G。考查词汇复现。空格前谈到, 一些学生吃任何他们能买到的东西, 这是错误的, 故G项“你应该吃对你的身体有好处的食物。”承接上文, 故选G。‎ ‎5. 【解析】选E。考查意义对等。联系下文的“If you do that, you can get distracted. (如果那样做, 会分散你吃饭的注意力)”可知, 空格处应该是分散注意力的事情, 故选E项“吃饭时不要看电视或电影”。‎ 五、书面表达。‎ ‎(2017·石家庄高三调研)假定你是李华。近日收到美国朋友Nancy的邮件，说她下周六晚上7点在市图书馆报告厅作题为“美国风俗与文化”的讲座，邀请你来观摩。请给她写封回信，要点如下：‎ ‎1．婉拒邀请；‎ ‎2．陈述理由；‎ ‎3．表达感谢。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ Dear Nancy，‎ I’m so glad to receive your invitation________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 7‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua One possible version：‎ Dear_Nancy，‎ I’m_so_glad_to_receive_your_invitation to your lecture in the city library.I’d very much like to learn something about American customs and culture, but a friend of mine is coming to pay me a visit, and since this is the first time he has come here, I will have to meet him at the railway station at 7 p．m.next Saturday.It’s really a pity that I can’t make it to communicate with you face to face, and I’m sorry for that.‎ Anyway, I’m fairly grateful to you for the kind invitation.If there is another chance in future, I will try every possible means to learn from you.‎ Yours，‎ Li_Hua 7‎