全程复习方略高考英语 语法集训过关 情态动词和虚拟语气含解析

全程复习方略高考英语 语法集训过关 情态动词和虚拟语气含解析

语法集训过关(四)‎ 情态动词和虚拟语气 Ⅰ. 单项填空 ‎1. (2014·天津模拟)It’s beyond our comprehension that Jim, who tops the class in English, 　　　have difficulty translating such a simple sentence. ‎ A. shall　　 B. should　 　C. might　　 D. must ‎2. (2014·重庆模拟)According to Nobel’s will, the Peace Prize　　　be awarded to the person who has done the most or the best work for the relationship between nations. ‎ A. can B. shall C. may D. need ‎3. (2014·衢州模拟)Facts prove that the world’s economic development is not a win-lose game but one in which all　　　be winners. ‎ A. shall B. can C. must D. will ‎4. (2014·绍兴模拟)—Have you checked the engine? ‎ ‎—Yes, I did twice; there　　　be anything wrong with the car. ‎ A. won’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t ‎5. (2014·杭州模拟)Try as you　　　, he won’t listen to your advice on the potential dangers of smoking. ‎ A. can B. may C. dare D. will ‎6. It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it　　　be rather cold sometimes. ‎ A. must B. can C. should D. would ‎7. (2014·桂林模拟)—What is a left-luggage office? ‎ ‎—It is a place where luggage　　　be left for a certain period of time, especially at a bus or a train station. ‎ A. can B. should C. must D. will ‎8. (2014·温州模拟)If you　　　leave early on weekdays, do it quietly. The other colleagues are also dying to have an early leave. ‎ A. can B. must C. should D. may ‎9. —I can’t find my purse anywhere. ‎ ‎—You　　　have lost it while shopping. ‎ A. should B. can C. may D. would ‎10. (2014·金华模拟)—I promise Shirley　　　get a new iPad on her birthday. ‎ ‎—Will it be a big surprise to her? ‎ A. will B. would C. should D. shall ‎11. —You mustn’t leave your car unlocked while you are away. ‎ ‎—No, I　　　. Please don’t worry too much. ‎ A. can’t B. shouldn’t C. won’t D. needn’t ‎12. (2014·昆明模拟)—Will Mike go with us for the picnic this weekend? ‎ ‎—It depends. He　　　have something to do at home. ‎ A. can B. shall C. must D. might ‎13. —Dad, you are asked on the phone. ‎ ‎—Who　　　it be? It’s already 10 p. m. . ‎ A. must B. can C. shall D. need ‎14. (2014·玉溪模拟)Had it not been for the haze(霾)weather, there　　　　　fewer car accidents in Beijing then. ‎ A. would have been B. were C. may be D. would be ‎15. Henry would rather that his girlfriend　　　in the same department as he does. ‎ A. worked B. had worked C. was working D. would work ‎16. —Will you accept the job offer? ‎ ‎—If I　　　five years younger, I　　　it. ‎ A. were; have taken B. has been; would take C. were; would take D. had been; would have taken ‎17. 　　　you be given a ten-day holiday, what would you like to do? ‎ A. Should B. Would C. Could D. Might ‎18. Without you, I　　　the first prize in the speech contest. Thank you, John. ‎ A. can’t win B. won’t win　‎ C. hadn’t won D. wouldn’t have won　‎ ‎19. (2014·宁波模拟)I was really busy these days, otherwise I　　　to your birthday party last night. ‎ A. came B. did come C. should have come D. would have come ‎20. (2014·台州模拟)―Many thanks for your timely reminder; we would have been late if you　　　us of the time. ‎ ‎―You are welcome. I’m glad that I can give you a hand. ‎ A. didn’t inform B. shouldn’t inform C. hadn’t informed D. weren’t to inform ‎21. The manager of the hotel requests that their guests　　　not play rock music after 12: 00 p. m. . ‎ A. should B. must C. may D. could ‎22. (2014·济宁模拟)—I didn’t go to the art show, because I lost my ticket. ‎ ‎—You　　　have borrowed mine. I didn’t go to see it anyway. ‎ A. might B. need C. could D. must ‎23. (2014·宁德模拟)—Have you ever been to the Olympic Games with your family? ‎ ‎—No, but I wish I　　　. ‎ A. have B. will C. do D. had ‎24. (2014·温岭模拟)It is good to end a day with the feeling that you　　　not change anything even if you lived it again. ‎ A. will B. would C. can D. should ‎25. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I　　　your advice. ‎ A. follow B. would follow C. had followed D. have followed Ⅱ. 完形填空 ‎(2014·天津模拟)‎ ‎　　The family had just moved. The young woman was feeling a little　1　. It was Mother’s Day—and 800 miles separated her from her parents. ‎ ‎　　She had called them that morning, and her mother had　2　how colorful their backyard was　3　spring had arrived. Later, she told her husband how she　4　those lilacs(丁香)in her parents’ yard. “I know where we can find some, ”he said. “Get the　5　and come on. ”So off they went. ‎ ‎　　Some time later, they stopped at a hill and there were lilacs all round. The young woman rushed up to the nearest　6　and buried her face in the flowers. Carefully, she　7　some. Finally, they returned to their car for the　8　home. The woman sat smiling, surrounded by her　9　. ‎ ‎　　When they were near home, she shouted “stop”, got off quickly and　10　to a nearby nursing home. She went to the end of the porch(门廊), where a(n)　11　patient was sitting in her wheelchair, and put the flowers into her lap. The two　12　, bursting into laughter now and then. Later the young woman turned and ran back to her　13　. As the car pulled away, the woman in the wheelchair　14　with a smile, and held the lilacs　15　. ‎ ‎“Mom, ”the kids asked, “　16　did you give her our flowers? ”“It is Mother’s Day, and she seems so　17　while I have all of you. And anyone would be　18　by flowers. ”‎ This satisfied the kids, but not the husband. The next day he　19　some young lilacs around their yard. ‎ I was the husband. Now, every May, our yard is full of lilacs. Every Mother’s Day our kids　20　purple lilacs. And every year I remember that smile of the lonely old woman. ‎ ‎1. A. moved B. worried C. angry D. depressed ‎2. A. learned B. imagined C. mentioned D. realized ‎3. A now that B. so that C. as if D. even if ‎4. A. missed B. grew C. watered D. showed ‎5. A. cars B. kids C. clothes D. lilacs ‎6. A. bush B. hill C. yard D. door ‎7. A. bought B. picked C. set D. raised ‎8. A. break B. holiday C. trip D. dinner ‎9. A. friends B. memory C. flowers D. honor ‎10. A. responded B. pointed C. drove D. hurried ‎11. A. loving B. elderly C. serious D. sensitive ‎12. A. hesitated B. waited C. sat D. chatted ‎13. A. family B. mother C. path D. home ‎14. A. nodded B. waved C. left D. continued ‎15. A. sadly B. politely C. quickly D. tightly ‎16. A. why B. when C. how D. where ‎17. A. quiet B. confused C. alone D. patient ‎18. A. calmed B. persuaded C. disappointed D. cheered ‎19. A. arranged B. dried C. planted D. hid ‎20. A. find B. gather C. receive D. sell ‎【技法导练】多学一点　棋高一着 完形填空——绝对矛盾法 ‎　　绝对矛盾法是从选项着手分析, 若四个选项中有两个选项是绝对矛盾和对立的, 那么正确选项大多在这两个对立项之间产生。二者必选其一, 至于究竟是两者中的哪一个, 则需要进一步根据上下文的语境来判断。‎ 题　号 矛盾项 正确选项 ‎1‎ moved(感动的)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎7‎ raised(养)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎18‎ disappointed(失望的)calmed(平静的)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【语篇随练】多练一点　技高一筹 根据完形填空译文补全经典句式 ‎1. The woman sat , by her flowers. ‎ 女人微笑地坐着, 被花包围着。‎ ‎2. It is Mother’s Day, and she seems so alone . ‎ 今天是母亲节, 她看起来那么孤独, 而我却拥有你们。‎ 答案解析 Ⅰ. 1. 【解析】选B。句意: 我们不明白, 吉姆作为班上英语最好的学生竟然在翻译这么一个简单的句子上有困难。should表示出乎意料, 意为“竟然”, 符合句意。shall表示命令、许诺等; might可能; must必须, 一定, 非要。‎ ‎2. 【解析】选B。句意: 根据诺贝尔的遗愿, 和平奖应颁给在国际关系中做得最多或最好的人。shall用在条约、规章、法令等文件中表示义务或规定, 意为“应, 必须”。may也许, 可以; can能, 会; need需要, 必要。‎ ‎3. 【解析】选B。考查情态动词。句意: 事实证明世界经济的发展不是一个输赢的游戏, 而是一场所有人都可能是赢家的游戏。can能, 会, 可能, 符合句意; shall表允许、命令、规定等; must必须, 一定; will愿意。‎ ‎4. 【解析】选D。句意: ——你检查发动机了吗? ——是的, 我检查了两次, 这辆车不应该有什么问题。shouldn’t不应该, 符合句意; needn’t不必; mustn’t不准, 不许; won’t不愿意。‎ ‎5. 【解析】选B。考查情态动词的用法。句意: 尽管你尽力了, 他是不会听吸烟潜在危害的忠告的。在让步状语从句中, 常用may/might, 故选B。‎ ‎6. 【解析】选B。句意: 三月份我家乡通常很暖和, 但有时也会很冷。can用在肯定句中表示“有时会”的意思。表示理论或事实上的可能性。can表示推测通常用于疑问句或否定句中。‎ ‎7. 【解析】选A。考查情态动词的用法。句意: ——什么是行李寄存室? ——它是行李在某一段时间内可以存放的地方, 尤其是在公共汽车站或火车站。此处can表允许、许可, 意为: 可以、准许。should应该; must必须; will将, 会, 根据句意, A最佳。‎ ‎8. 【解析】选B。考查情态动词。如果你非要在工作日时早早离开, 那就悄悄走。其他同事也渴望早点离开呢。must偏要, 非要, 符合句意; can有时会; should应该; may也许。‎ ‎【加固训练】‎ ‎—May I make a telephone call now? ‎ ‎—If you　　　, go to the room next door. ‎ A. should B. could C. may D. must ‎【解析】选D。答句句意: 如果你非要打电话, 请去隔壁。must在本句中的意思是“必须, 偏要”。表示说话人不耐烦、不满的情绪。A、B、C三项均无此意义。‎ ‎9. 【解析】选C。考查情态动词表猜测。句意: ——我哪里都找不到我的钱包。——你也许在购物的时候丢的。may have done对过去的可能性的猜测。can have done多用于疑问句中; would表虚拟; should have done表示本来该做而实际未做。‎ ‎10. 【解析】选D。句意: ——我答应Shirley生日的时候她会得到一个新的iPad。——那对她一定是个很大的惊喜吧? shall表示许诺, 符合句意。will表示意愿; would是will的过去式; should应该, 竟然。‎ ‎11. 【解析】选C。will表示说话者或主语的意愿、决心。句意: ——你不在的时候不能让你的车不上锁。——是的, 我不会不锁的。请不要担心太多。其余三项均无此用法。‎ ‎12. 【解析】选D。考查情态动词表猜测。根据It depends. 可知说话人的语气不肯定, 因此用might表示可能性猜测。can用于问句或否定句中; must表示肯定猜测; shall表示许诺。‎ ‎13. 【解析】选B。考查情态动词的用法。句意: ——爸爸, 有人打电话找你。——会是谁呢? 已经晚上十点钟了。must必须; shall将会; need需要; can表示推测, 用于疑问句和否定句。‎ ‎14. 【解析】选A。考查虚拟语气。句意: 要不是因为雾霾天气, 那时北京的交通事故会更少。从Had it not been for the haze weather可知是和过去相反的虚拟条件句, 相当于: if it had not been for the haze weather, 所以主句也是和过去相反的虚拟语气, 用would have done。‎ ‎15. 【解析】选A。句意: 亨利希望他的女朋友和他在同一个部门工作。would rather后面的从句中的虚拟语气根据情况有两种: 对现在或将来, 用过去时; 对过去用过去完成时。根据does可知是现在, 用过去时表虚拟。‎ ‎16. 【解析】选C。考查虚拟语气。根据语境可知是对现在情况的假设。因此从句用过去时, be动词用were, 主句用过去将来时would take。‎ ‎【加固训练】‎ If it were not for the fact that she can’t sing, I　　　invite her to the party. ‎ A. can B. should C. would D. might ‎【解析】选C。句意: 要不是因为她不会唱歌, 我就邀请她参加聚会了。would在这里表示虚拟, 是与现在的事实相反, 与虚拟条件句连用。‎ ‎17. 【解析】选A。考查虚拟语气。句意: 如果给你一个十天的假期, 你愿意做什么? 将来时的虚拟语气, 省略if时, 把should提到主语前, 构成倒装。‎ ‎18. 【解析】选D。考查虚拟语气。句意: 如果没有你, 我在英语演讲比赛中就得不了一等奖。谢谢你, 约翰。根据句意可知, 这是对过去情况的假设, 主句应使用would have done形式。‎ ‎【拓展延伸】含蓄式虚拟条件句 含蓄式虚拟条件句是非真实条件句的特殊表现形式, 其特点是不使用if引导的条件状语从句明确表示条件, 而用含蓄的方式表达。‎ 常见的有介词(短语)without. . . /but for. . . 等、分词短语、不定式短语及but, or,‎ ‎ otherwise等表示转折的词。‎ ‎①Without your help, I couldn’t have finished the work on time. 如果没有你的帮助, 我就不能按时完成这项工作。(介词短语Without your help=If you had not helped me)‎ ‎②Given more time, she would certainly have done much better. 如果多给点时间, 她一定会做得好得多。‎ ‎(分词短语Given more time=If she had been given more time)‎ ‎③I was busy that day. Otherwise, I would have come to see you. 我那天很忙, 要不然我就去看你了。‎ ‎(单个词Otherwise=If I had not been busy that day)‎ ‎④I would have come to see you that day. Unfortunately, it was raining so hard. ‎ 我本来打算在那天来看你的, 不巧的是那天下大雨。‎ 由下句可知, 我没有来看你, 用would have come表示对过去的假设。‎ ‎19. 【解析】选D。考查虚拟语气。句意: 这些日子我真的很忙, 不然我就参加你昨晚的生日聚会了。聚会是昨晚的事情, 因此用would have come表示对过去的假设。should have come本来该来而没来, 含有责备的意味。‎ ‎【加固训练】‎ John did not feel well yesterday; 　　　he would have come to see his classmates off. ‎ A. otherwise B. therefore C. anyhow D. unfortunately ‎【解析】选A。句意: 约翰昨天不舒服, 否则, 他会来给他的同学们送行的。根据would have come可知是虚拟语气, 只有otherwise(不然, 否则)相当于虚拟条件句。‎ ‎20. 【解析】选C。考查虚拟语气。上句句意: 非常感谢你的及时提醒, 如果你没有通知我们时间, 我们就迟到了。主句用的是would have done可知是对过去情况的假设, 因此从句应用过去完成时。‎ ‎21. 【解析】选A。考查虚拟语气。句意: 宾馆的经理要求客人在午夜十二点后不能播放摇滚乐。request后的宾语从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气, 即should+动词原形, should可以省略。‎ ‎22. 【解析】选C。考查虚拟语气。句意: ——我没去参观艺术展, 因为我的票丢了。——你可以借我的呀, 反正我又没去。根据句意, 事情发生在过去, 表示对过去情况的虚拟, 主句用could have done形式, 故选C。‎ ‎23. 【解析】选D。考查虚拟语气。wish后宾语从句的虚拟语气, 过去的与事实相反的愿望用过去完成时,‎ ‎ 现在的与事实相反的愿望用过去时, 对将来的愿望用would/should/could/might +动词原形。根据语境可知是过去的事情, 因此用had。‎ ‎【加固训练】‎ ‎—How cold it is outside today! ‎ ‎—Yes. How I wish it　　　spring all the year round! ‎ A. will be B. were C. be D. is ‎【解析】选B。考查虚拟语气。句意: ——今天外面真冷! ——是啊。我多么希望一年到头都是春天啊! wish后的宾语从句是对现在的与事实相反的愿望, 因此用过去时, be动词用were。‎ ‎24.【解析】选B。句意: 即使这一天你再过一次, 你也不会改变任何事情, 带着这种感觉结束一天真好。even if从句中用的是过去时, 表示对现在的虚拟, 因此主句用would not do。‎ ‎25. 【解析】选C。考查虚拟语气。句意: 看看我现在的糟糕处境! 要是我听从你的建议就好了。第一句话表示的是现在真实的情况, 而第二句话中所要表达的是应该做但事实上没有做的事, 这种情况导致第一句话中真实情况的发生, 故If only条件句假设的是过去的一种情况, 因此应该用had +过去分词, 所以正确答案是C。‎ Ⅱ. 【文章大意】母亲节的时候, 刚搬新家的妻子因思念远方的母亲而黯然神伤。她想念母亲家里的紫色丁香花。‎ ‎1.【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。母亲节到了, 不能和母亲团聚, 当然会心情不好(depressed沮丧的)。moved感动的; worried担忧的; angry生气的。只有D项符合妻子的心情。‎ ‎2. 【解析】选C。词语辨析题。母亲电话里提到院子里的五彩缤纷。mention提到; learn了解到; imagine想象到; realize认识到。只有C项符合上下文。‎ ‎3. 【解析】选A。句式结构题。因为春天来了, 所以院子里才五彩缤纷。前后是因果关系, now that既然, 因为; so that以便; 结果是; as if好像; even if即使, 尽管。‎ ‎4. 【解析】选A。词语辨析题。根据下文丈夫带着她看丁香花可知, 她想念母亲院子里的丁香花。‎ ‎5.【解析】选B。词汇复现题。由下文“Mom, ”the kids asked可知, 他们和孩子们一块去的。‎ ‎6.【解析】选A。词语辨析题。花是按“簇”来说的, 妻子跑向最近的一簇花, 把脸埋在花丛中。bush表示“一簇花”, 符合语境。‎ ‎7.【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。根据下文她把花送给一位孤独的老人可知, 她采摘(pick)了一些花。‎ ‎8.【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。回到车上, 当然是回家的旅程(trip)了。‎ ‎9. 【解析】选C。词汇复现题。上下文都提到了花, 以及下文的送花, 因此女人被花包围着。‎ ‎10. 【解析】选D。词汇复现题。和quickly意义相同, hurry to匆忙走向。‎ ‎11. 【解析】选B。词汇复现题。由文章最后the lonely old woman可知, 坐在轮椅上的人是一位老年人(elderly)。‎ ‎12.【解析】选D。背景常识题。根据后面的bursting into laughter now and then(不时地发出笑声)可知, 两个人在闲聊。‎ ‎13.【解析】选A。背景常识题。女人送完花, 和老人闲聊了一会, 然后回到车上——她的家人那里。‎ ‎14.【解析】选B。背景常识题。送花的人走了, 接受花的人当然要挥手告别(wave)。‎ ‎15.【解析】选D。词义辨析题。脸上的笑容说明老人不悲伤。hold tightly紧握着。‎ ‎16.【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。根据母亲的回答, 可推出孩子们在问“为什么”要把自己的花送给别人。‎ ‎17. 【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。根据后面的all of you可知, “我拥有你们, 而她只有一个人”。‎ ‎18. 【解析】选D。词汇复现题。和上文的smile(微笑)意思相近的只有cheer(高兴)。‎ ‎19. 【解析】选C。词语辨析题。丈夫在自家院子周围种上了丁香花。‎ ‎20.【解析】选B。词语辨析题。每年五月, 院子里满是丁香花, 每年母亲节, 孩子们都采集丁香花。‎ ‎【技法导练】‎ 题　号 矛盾项 正确选项 ‎1‎ moved(感动的)‎ depressed(沮丧的)‎ ‎7‎ raised(养)‎ picked(摘)‎ ‎18‎ disappointed(失望的)calmed(平静的)‎ cheered(高兴的)‎ ‎【语篇随练】‎ ‎1. smiling；surrounded ‎ ‎2. while I have all of you ‎