高考英语冲刺讲义完型2份打包

高考英语冲刺讲义完型2份打包

英语学科教师辅导讲义 学员编号： 年 级：高三 课 时 数：3‎ 学员姓名： 辅导科目：英语 学科教师：‎ 授课类型 C专题-完型填空考情分析 C专题-完型填空之解题技巧 ‎ T能力-完型填空之能力提高 授课日期及时段 教学内容 ‎【专题】‎ 一、 ‎ 专题知识梳理 知识点1：近五年高考完形考情分析 注： 高考完形填空的题材以社会文化及商务经济两大类为主，应作为冲刺阶段的复习重点。‎ 背爽了它,你的完形填空牛了...1.with the help of 在～～帮助下 under the leadership/ care of 在～～领导/关心下2.be strict with sb. 对～人要求严格 be strict i知识点2：高考完形填空必备词汇 注：往年真题中的词汇更是需要引导学生熟练掌握的重要内容。‎ 二、 专题精讲 The first attempt of even the most talented artists, musicians, and writers is seldom a masterpiece, If you consider your drafts as dress rehearsals (彩排), or tryouts, revising will seem a natural part of the writing 50 ．‎ ‎ What is the purpose of the dress rehearsals and the out-of-town previews that many Broadway shows go through? The answer is adding, deleting, replacing, reordering, 51 revising．Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process.‎ When Lloyd Webber began writing in 1984, he had in mind a funny, exciting production．However, when Phantom opened in London in 1986, the audience saw a moving psychological love story set to music．The musical had． 52 several revisions due, in part, to problems with costuming and makeup (戏服和化妆)．For instance, Lloyd Webber 53 some of the music because the Phantom's makeup prevented the actor from singing certain sounds.‎ ‎ When you revise, you change aspects of your work in 54 to your evolving purpose, or to include 55 ideas or newly discovered information.‎ ‎ Revision is not just an afterthought that gets only as much time as you have at the end of an assignment． 56 , it is a major stage of the writing process, and writers revise every step of the way．Even your decision to 57 topics while prewriting is a type of revising．However．don't make the mistake of skipping the revision stage that follows 58 ．Always make time to become your own 59 and view your dress rehearsal, so to speak．Reviewing your work in this way can give you 60 new ideas.‎ ‎ Revising involves 61 the effectiveness and appropriateness of all aspects of your writing, making your purpose more clearly, and refocusing or developing the facts and ideas you present．When you revise, ask yourself the ‎ following questions, keeping in mind the audience for whom you are writing: Is my main idea or purpose 62 throughout my draft? Do I ever lose sight of my purpose? Have I given my readers all of the 63 that is, facts, opinions, inferences -- that they need in order to understand my main idea? Finally, have I included too many 64 details that may confuse readers?‎ ‎50．A．technique B．style C．process D．career ‎51．A．in particular B．as a result C．for example D．in other words ‎52．A．undergone B．skipped C．rejected D．replaced ‎53．A．rewrote B．released C．recorded D．reserved ‎54．A．addition B．response C．opposition D．contrast ‎55．A．fixed B．ambitious C．familiar D．fresh ‎56．A．However B．Moreover C．Instead D．Therefore ‎57．A．discuss B．switch C．exhaust D．cover ‎58．A．drafting B．rearranging C．performing D．training ‎59．A．director B．master C．audience D．visitor ‎60．A．personal B．valuable C．basic D．delicate ‎61．A．mixing B．weakening C．maintaining D．assessing ‎62．A．amazing B．bright C．unique D．clear ‎63．A．angles B．evidence C．information D．hints ‎64．A．unnecessary B．uninteresting C．concrete D．final Keys：50—54 CDAAB 55—59 DCBAC 60—64 BDDCA ‎【解题步骤】：‎ ‎〈1〉通读全文，了解主题和结构。 ‎ ‎〈2〉精读首段首句。‎ ‎〈3〉从每空的上下文挖掘潜在信息，寻找线索，注意前后呼应。‎ 易错解析：‎ ‎51. 考查介词短语辨析。前面adding, deleting, replacing, reordering都包含在revising中，所以应选in other words表示“换句话说”。‎ ‎53. 考查近义词辨析。rewrite表示“重写、修改”，与动词revise同义，与本文关键词相关，为正确选项。‎ ‎54. 考查词组固定搭配。in response to（本意作为对┄的反应），在此处可以翻译成“作品中改变的部分要符合文章变化的目标”。‎ ‎56. 考查前后句的逻辑关系，较难！引导学生思考afterthought和 a major stage之间的逻辑关系为转折，所以选however。However 是高考完形填空中的重要考点，可以首先代入到文章中看是否符合。‎ ‎61. 本题易错，学生易把assess（评估）当成access（可进入的机会；进入）；本题的句意为“修改涉及到评估写作的有效性和适用性”，也就是说：修改不是漫无目的的，要为写作目的服务。‎ ‎63. 后句名称facts、opinions、inferences都属于information，在解题时要引导学生从上下文找线索。‎ 三、专题过关 Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we've just watched or books we've just finished reading, but plain and simple __51__.‎ Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we __52__ do with it? We gossip. About others' behaviour and private lives, such as who's doing what with whom, who's in and who's out-and why; how to deal with difficult __53__ situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues.‎ So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural __54__, of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? It's not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really__55__issues.‎ Dunbar __56__ the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We don't spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar—__57__, he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip.‎ Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the __58__ of the higher primates（灵长类动物）like monkeys. By means of grooming--cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or__59__ from outside it.‎ As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar __60__ that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the greater the __61__ it provided; on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others. Grooming helped to __62__ the pressure and calm everybody down.‎ But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be __63__ to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more __64__ kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal（有声的）grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one __65__ contact.‎ ‎51. A. claim B. description C. gossip D. language ‎52. A. occasionally B. habitually C. independently D. originally ‎53. A. social B. political C. historical D. cultural ‎54. A. admirers B. masters C. users D. wasters ‎55. A. vital B. sensitive C. ideal D. difficult ‎56. A. confirms B. rejects C. outlines D. broadens ‎57. A. for instance B. in addition C. on the contrary D. as a result ‎58. A. motivation B. appearance C. emotion D. behaviour ‎59. A. attack B. contact C. inspection D. assistance ‎60. A. recalls B. denies C. concludes D. confesses ‎61. A. prospect B. responsibility C. leadership D. protection ‎62. A. measure B. show C. maintain D. ease ‎63. A. saved B. extended C. consumed D. gained ‎64. A. common B. efficient C. scientific D. thoughtful ‎65. A. indirect B. daily C. physical D. secret Keys: 51. C 52. B 53. A 54. D 55. A 56. B 57. C 58. D 59. A 60. C ‎ ‎61. D 62. D 63. B 64. B 65. C 四、学法提炼 ‎1、专题特点：重点考查学生的文章理解及单词在具体语境中的运用能力。‎ ‎2、解题方法：在把握文章主旨和结构的基础上，从上下文寻找解题线索。‎ ‎3、注意事项：从上下文中的逻辑关系确定选项。‎ ‎【专题】‎ 一、专题知识梳理---解题技巧汇总 一、利用文章首句信息解题 ‎【例1】Over the past few decades, more and more countries have opened up the markets, increasingly transforming the world economy into one free-flowing global market. The question is: Is economic globalization 50 for all? ‎ ‎50. A. possible B. smooth C. good D. easy ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】根据文章首句解题。本题是整篇完型的首句，强调开放市场的好处，后文中的“The question”表转折，突出经济全球化是否并无弊端，因此选C选项。‎ ‎【例2】Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining (留住) customers. It sounds simple and achievable. But, 50 , words of wisdom are soon forgotten.‎ ‎ ‎ 50. A. in particular B. in reality C. at least D. first of all ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】根据文章首句解题。本句是文章开头句，根据句意，做生意看似简单，但事实上并没有想象中的简单，所以选B选项。‎ ‎【例3】Most people believe they don’t have much imagination. They are 50 . Everyone has imagination. (2009年上海高考英语)‎ ‎50. A. wrong B. unbelievable C. reasonable D. realistic ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】根据文章首句解题。本句是整篇完型的开头句，空格的前后表示对于想象力的相反的观点，因此选择A选项。‎ 二、利用逻辑关系解题 ‎【例1】Critics take a different view, believing that economic globalization is actually 57 the gap between the rich and poor. ‎ ‎57. A. finding B. exploring C. bridging D. widening ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】根据逻辑关系解题。完型前文提到经济全球化的利处，本句笔锋一转，表明经济全球化也有弊端，那就是能增大贫富差距，选择D选项，考生容易对于gap一词的不熟悉做出误判。‎ ‎【例2】In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid. __56 , in a field study researchers placed a completed application to graduate school in a telephone box at the airport. ‎ ‎56. A. At first B. Above all C. In addition D. For example ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】根据逻辑关系解题。本题空格的前文是观点句，后文则是以具体的研究来证明观点，根据两者间的逻辑关系，属于观点与举例，因此选择D选项。‎ ‎【例3】A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit and 58__ never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in potential profits. ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎58. A. as a result B. on the whole C. in conclusion D. on the contrary ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】根据逻辑关系解题。空格前文表明顾客收到劣质产品，后文则说不再购买公司产品，两者是逻辑关系中的因果关系，选填表示因果关系的as a result。‎ ‎【例4】What is the purpose of the dress rehearsals and the out-of-town previews that many Broadway shows go through? The answer is adding, deleting, replacing, reordering, 51__ revising. ‎ ‎51. A. in particular B. as a result C. for example D. in other words ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】根据逻辑关系解题。前文提到百老汇演出所经历的步骤，涉及添加、删除、替换和重新排序。这些步骤和后文的revise所表述的意思是一致的，选D选项。‎ ‎【例5】Think about your goal and the new possibilities. If your goal is to learn to ski, 60 , you can now practice ‎ skiing every day of your life (because you have the time and the money).‎ ‎(2009年上海高考英语)‎ ‎60. A. in fact B. in particular C. as a whole D. for example ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】根据逻辑关系解题。空格前文是观点句，后文则举了滑雪的例子具体来说明确定目标的新的可能性的观点，选填D选项。‎ 三、利用词汇复现解题 ‎【例1】The measure of helping was whether the individual who found the envelope actually mailed it or not. Results showed that people were more likely to 59 _ the application if the person in the photo was physically attractive. ‎ ‎59. A. send in B. throw away C. fill out D. turn down ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】根据词汇复现解题。根据上文提到的“mail”一词，空格处填相近含义的“send in”，因此选择A选项。‎ ‎【例2】The logic behind cultivating customer 60 is impossible to deny. “In practice most companies’ marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to keeping them”. ‎ ‎60. A. beliefs B. loyalty C. habits D. interest ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】根据词汇复现解题。空格后文提到大多数公司花尽很大努力开发客户，而很少关注留住客户，其中的“keeping them”需要特别关注，空格处因此填写表忠诚度的“loyalty”。‎ ‎【例3】When you revise, you change aspects of your work in response to your evolving purpose, or to include 55 ideas or newly discovered information. ‎ ‎55. A. fixed B. ambitious C. familiar D. fresh ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】根据词汇复现解题。根据后文的“newly discovered”，选填同一含义的“fresh”作为正确选项。‎ ‎【例4】Do I ever lose sight of my purpose? Have I given my readers all of the 63 that is, facts, opinions. ‎ ‎63. A. angles B. evidence C. information D. hints ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】根据词汇复现解题。后文的“facts，opinions”统一都是“information”，因此选择C选项。‎ 四、利用对比信息解题 ‎【例1】Small farmers in Brazil who produce nuts that would originally have sold only in 56__ open-air markets can now promote their goods worldwide by the Internet. ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎56. A. mature B. new C. local D. foreign ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】根据对比信息解题。后文提到“promote their goods worldwide”，则前文应是相对应的“local open-air markets”，选择C选项。‎ ‎【例2】When large-scale manufacturers start to produce the same goods, or when superstores like Wal-Mart move in, these small businesses will not be able to 62 and will be crowded out. ‎ ‎62. A. keep up B. come in C. go around D. help out ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】根据对比信息解题。后文是“be crowded out”，空格处相对地填写表示反义的“keep up”，选择A选项。‎ ‎【例3】The photo attached to the application was sometimes that of a very 58 person and sometimes that of a less attractive person. ‎ ‎58. A. talented B. good-looking C. helpful D. hard-working ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】根据对比信息解题。空格后文的信息和前文很明显是对比关系，后文是“less attractive”，则前文选填表示相貌好的“good-looking”。‎ ‎【例4】Making connections: This technique involves taking 54 ideas and trying to find links between them. (2009年上海高考英语)‎ ‎54. A. familiar B. unrelated C. creative D. imaginary ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】根据对比信息解题。后文提到“links between them”，则前面填写相反的表述“unrelated”，答案是B选项。‎ 五、利用语义理解解题 ‎【例1】A study carried out by the U.N.-sponsored World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization shows that only a few developing countries have actually 58 from integration into the world economy. ‎ ‎58. A. suffered B. profited C. learned D. withdrawn ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】根据语义理解解题。本题所在的段落谈论经济全球化的弊端，因此此处的语义表达应为真正从经济全球化受益的发展中国家很少，选择B选项。‎ ‎【例2】__53 to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business huge amounts of money annually. ‎ ‎53. A. Moving B. Hoping C. Starting D. Failing ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】根据语义理解解题。后文提到每年消耗了公司大量的金钱，显然之前提到的事情是不好的，选择“Failing”。‎ ‎【例3】However, don't make the mistake of skipping the revision stage that follows 58 .‎ ‎ ‎ ‎58. A. drafting B. rearranging C. performing D. training ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】根据语义理解解题。根据语义，显然修改是在打草稿之后发生的，选择A选项。‎ 二、专题精讲 ‎ ‎ Over the past few decades, more and more countries have opened up the markets, increasingly transforming the world economy into one free-flowing global market. The question is: Is economic globalization __ 50__ for all?‎ According to the World Bank, one of its chief supporters, economic globalization has helped reduce __51__ in a large number of developing countries. It quotes one study that shows increased wealth __52__ to improved education and longer life in twenty-four developing countries as a result of integration(融合) of local economies into the world economy. Home to some three billion people, these twenty-four countries have seen incomes __53__ at an average rate of five percent -- compared to two percent in developed countries.‎ Those who __54__ globalization claim that economies in developing countries will benefit from new opportunities for small and home-based businesses. __55__, small farmers in Brazil who produce nuts that would originally have sold only in __56__ open-air markets can now promote their goods worldwide by the Internet.‎ Critics take a different view, believing that economic globalization is actually __57__ the gap between the rich and poor. A study carried out by the U.N.-sponsored World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization shows that only a few developing countries have actually __58__ from integration into the world economy and that the poor, the uneducated, unskilled workers, and native peoples have been left behind. __59__, they maintain(坚持认为) that globalization may eventually threaten emerging businesses(新兴行业). For example, Indian craftsmen who currently seem to benefit from globalization because they are able to __60__ their products may soon face fierce competition that could put them out of __61__. When large-scale manufacturers start to produce the same goods, or when superstores like Wal-Mart move in, these small businesses will not be able to __62__ and will be crowded out.‎ One thing is certain about globalization -- there is no __63__. Advances in technology combined with more open policies have already created an interconnected world. The __64__ now is finding a way to create a kind of globalization that works for the benefit of all. ‎ 段落大意：‎ 第一段：提出问题，即：全球化对所有人都有好处吗？‎ 第二、三段：支持者的看法 第四段：质疑者的看法 第五段：作者表明自己的观点：全球化，没有回头路。应找到让所有人都能得益的“全球化”。‎ 解析：‎ ‎50. A. possible B. smooth C. good D. easy ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】根据文章首句解题。本题是整篇完型的首句，强调开放市场的好处，后文中的“The question”表转折，突出经济全球化是否并无弊端，因此选C选项。‎ ‎51. A. crime B. poverty C. conflict D. population ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】根据语义理解解题。下文有提到“increased wealth”，则economic globalization的一个好处是改善贫穷情况，选B。‎ ‎52. A. contributing B. responding C. turning D. owing ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】根据逻辑关系解题。前文的“increased wealth”和后文的“improved education”是因果关系，选填contributing。‎ ‎53. A. remain B. drop C. shift D. increase ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】根据语义理解解题。经济全球化带来了发展中国家的收入的增长。‎ ‎54. A. doubt B. define C. advocate D. ignore ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】根据语义理解解题。首先作者罗列赞成经济全球化人的观点。advocate表示“主张”，选择C选项。‎ ‎55. A. In addition B. For instance C. In other words D. All in all ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】根据逻辑关系解题。前文是段落的观点，后文则是具体用巴西农民的例子来说明观点。选择“For instance”作为正确选项。‎ ‎56. A. mature B. new C. local D. foreign ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】根据对比信息解题。后文提到“promote their goods worldwide”，则前文应是相对应的“local open-air markets”，选择C选项。‎ ‎57. A. finding B. exploring C. bridging D. widening ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】根据逻辑关系解题。完型前文提到经济全球化的利处，本句笔锋一转，表明经济全球化也有弊端，那就是能增大贫富差距，选择D选项。 ‎ ‎58. A. suffered B. profited C. learned D. withdrawn ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】根据语义理解解题。本题所在的段落谈论经济全球化的弊端，因此此处的语义表达应为真正从经济全球化受益的发展中国家很少，选择B选项。‎ ‎59. A. Furthermore B. Therefore C. However D. Otherwise ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】根据逻辑关系解题。本段落描述经济全球化的弊端，后文是全球化带来的其他坏处，选择“Furthermore”表示递进。‎ ‎60. A. consume B. deliver C. export D. advertise ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】根据语义理解解题。因为是全球化，所以针对印度的工匠来说是出口产品。‎ ‎61. A. trouble B. business C. power D. mind ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】根据语义理解解题。根据文意，由于面临激烈的竞争，使得工匠可能破产。‎ ‎62. A. keep up B. come in C. go around D. help out ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】根据对比信息解题。后文是“be crowded out”，空格处相应地填写表示反义的“keep up”，选择A选项。‎ ‎63. A. taking off B. getting along C. holding out D. turning back ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】根据语义理解解题。作为文章的最后一段，作者表示全球化没有回头路。‎ ‎64. A. agreement B. prediction C. outcome D. challenge ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】根据语义理解解题。根据前文提到的全球化的现状，目前面临的挑战是找到所有人都是受益的全球化，选择D选项。‎ 三、专题过关 People on a college campus were more likely to give money to the March of Dimes if they were asked for a donation by a disabled woman in a wheelchair than if asked by a nondisabled woman. In another ‎ 50 , subway riders in New York saw a man carrying a stick stumble (绊脚) and fall to the floor. Sometimes the victim had a large red birthmark on his 51 ; sometimes he did not. In this situation, the victim was more likely to 52 aid if his face was spotless than if he had an unattractive birthmark. In 53 these and other research findings, two themes are 54 : we are more willing to help people we like for some reason and people we think 55 assistance. ‎ In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid. 56 , in a field study researchers placed a completed application to graduate school in a telephone box at the airport. The application was ready to be 57 , but had apparently been “lost”. The photo attached to the application was sometimes that of a very 58 person and sometimes that of a less attractive person. The measure of helping was whether the individual who found the envelope actually mailed it or not. Results showed that people were more likely to 59 the application if the person in the photo was physically attractive. ‎ The degree of 60 between the potential helper and the person in need is also important. For example, people are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same country rather than a foreigner. In one study, shoppers on a busy street in Scotland were more likely to help a person wearing a(n) 61 ‎ T-shirt than a person wearing a T-shirt printed with offensive words.‎ ‎ Whether a person receives help depends in part on the “worth” of the case. For example, shoppers in a supermarket were more likely to give someone 62 to buy milk rather than to buy cookies, probably because milk is thought more essential for 63 than cookies. Passengers on a New York subway were more likely to help a man who fell to the ground if he appeared to be 64 rather than drunk. ‎ 50. A. study B. way C. word D. college 50. A. hand B. arm C. face D. back 51. A. refuse B. beg C. lose D. receive 52. A. challenging B. recording C. understanding D. publishing 53. A. important B. possible C. amusing D. missing 54. A. seek B. deserve C. obtain D. accept 55. A. At first B. Above all C. In addition D. For example 56. A. printed B. mailed C. rewritten D. signed 57. A. talented B. good-looking C. helpful D. hard-working 58. A. send in B. throw away C. fill out D. turn down 59. A. similarity B. friendship C. cooperation D. contact 60. A. expensive B. plain C. cheap D. strange 61. A. time B. instructions C. money D. chances 62. A. shoppers B. research C. children D. health 63. A. talkative B. handsome C. calm D. sick Keys：50—54. ACDCA 55—59. BDBBA 60—64. ABCDD 四、学法提炼 做题方法：‎ ‎1、通读全文，理解大意；‎ ‎2、瞻前顾后，避难就易；‎ ‎3、复读全文，解决残敌；‎ ‎4、再次复读，弥补疏漏。‎ 备考建议：‎ ‎1、常见高频词的整理汇总，并对“一词多义”“熟词生义”进行归纳；‎ ‎2、逻辑关系中的转折和因果真题范例学习及积累；‎ ‎3、“先扬后抑”、“先抑后扬”写作套路的完型语篇阅读与思考。‎ 一、 能力培养 能力1：培养学生获取文字信息的能力：理解事实、辨认细节；‎ 能力2：培养学生理解单词表层含义以及深层含义的能力，能对文章进行合理的推理判断；‎ 能力3：培养学生理解主旨大意、综合事实的能力；培养学生在把握整体的前提下，充分利用上下文，选择最佳选项的能力。‎ 二、 能力检测 Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining (留住) customers. It sounds simple ‎ and achievable. But, 50 , words of wisdom are soon forgotten. Once companies have attracted customers they often 51 the second half of the story. In the excitement of beating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders, and delivering the product, managers tend to become carried away. They forget what they regard as the boring side of business— 52 that the customer remains a customer.‎ ‎ 53 to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business huge amounts of money annually. It has been estimated that the average company loses between 10 and 30 per cent of its customers every years. In constantly changing 54 , this is not surprising. What is surprising is the fact that few companies have any idea how many customers they have lost.‎ Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to those lost opportunities and calculate the 55 implications. Cutting down the number of customers a company loses can make a big 56 in its performance. Research in the US found that a five per cent decrease in the number of defecting (流失的) customers led to 57 increases of between 25 and 85 per cent.‎ In the US, Domino’s Pizza estimates that a regular customer is worth more than $5,000 over ten years. A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit and 58 never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in 59 profits (more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience).‎ The logic behind cultivating customer 60 is impossible to deny. “In practice most companies’ marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to 61 them”, says Adrian Payne of Cornfield University’ School of Management. “Research suggests that there is a close relationship between retaining customers and making profits. 62 customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price 63 , and may provide free word-of-mouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it 64 for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market.‎ 50. A. in particular B. in reality C. at least D. first of all 51. A. emphasize B. doubt C. overlook D. believe 52. A. denying B. ensuring C. arguing D. proving 53. A. Moving B. Hoping C. Starting D. Failing 54. A. markets B. tastes C. prices D. expenses 55. A. culture B. social C. financial D. Economical 56. A. promise B. plan C. mistake D. difference 57. A. cost B. opportunity C. profit D. budget 58. as a result B. on the whole C. in conclusion D. on the contrary 59. A. huge B. potential C. extra D. reasonable 60. A. beliefs B. loyalty C. habits D. interest 61. A. altering B. understanding C. keeping D. attracting 62. A. Assumed B. Respected C. Established D. Unexpected 63. A. agreeable B. flexible C. friendly D. sensitive 64. A. unfair B. difficult C. essential D. convenient Keys：50—54. BCBDA 55—59. CDCAB 60—64. BCCDB 易错解析： ‎ 在做题之前，建议引导学生在文章首段首句找到本文的关键词attracting and retaining (留住) customers，很明显本文的重点在于后者。找到关键词可起到事半功倍的作用。‎ ‎51.“公司一旦吸引来顾客，他们通常会忽略了留住顾客这一点。”此处的overlook作为第一段第四行中的forget的同义替换，引导学生不仅要知道overlook有俯视的意思，也有“忽视”的意思。‎ ‎54.顾客作为市场活动的主体，因此顾客的流失是“变化中的市场”市场的一部分，故选markets。如学生缺少经济学的基础知识，本题易错。‎ ‎55.如果学生不知道economic和economical的区别则容易出错，本题指的是计算“经济含义”，即表示“有经济有关的”，应该选economic的近义词financial，而不是economical“经济实惠的”。‎ ‎56.make a big difference “有很大的影响”，是高考阅读中的重要词汇，应引起关注。‎ ‎57.本题易错是由于学生没有关注到上文的decrease，本句话意为“顾客流失数量的减少会带来利润的上升”，所以选profit。建议引导学生认真阅读所选单词所在的句子，不要遗漏重要信息。‎ ‎60.本题考查经济学的基本理论知识，即“培养顾客的忠诚度”，才能留住顾客。‎ ‎61.在四个选项中，keeping含有“保持、维持”的含义，与上文的retaining是近义词替换。‎ ‎62.忠诚的顾客一定是固定的，被确定下来的，所以选established。‎ ‎63.由上文的established customers可知，他们一定是对价格不敏感的，即，就算涨价也会选择产品或服务。所以选sensitive。‎ ‎64.从竞争者的角度，留住顾客会使竞争者很难进入该市场或提高他们的市场份额。因此选difficult.‎ 批注：本文涉及到经济学的基本理论知识较多，建议在教学过程中有针对性的为学生补充讲解。‎ 三、能力点评 在把握文章主旨和结构的基础上，分析上下文逻辑关系的能力。‎ 课后作业 ‎2009年上海高考真题 Most people believe they don’t have much imagination. They are 　50　. Everyone has imagination, but most of us, once we become adults, forget how to 　51　 it. Creativity isn’t always 　52　 with great works of art or ideas. People at work and in their free time 　53__　 think of creative ways to solve problems. Maybe you have a goal to achieve, a tricky question to answer or you just want to expand your mind! Here are three techniques to help you.‎ Making connections This technique involves taking 　54　 ideas and trying to find links between them. First, think about the problem you have to solve or the job you need to do. Then find an image, word, idea or object, for example, a candle. Write down all the ideas/words 　55__　 with candles: light, fire, matches, wax, night, silence, etc. Think of as many as you can. The next stage is to relate the 　56　 to the job you have to do. So imagine you want to buy a friend an original 　57　; you could buy him tickets to a match or take him out for the night.‎ No limits! Imagine that normal limitations don’t 　58　. You have as much time/space/money, etc. as you want. Think about your goal and the new 　59　. If your goal is to learn to ski, 　60　, you can now practice skiing every day of your life (because you have the time and the money). Now 　61　 this to reality. Maybe you can practice skiing every day in December, or every Monday in January.‎ Be someone else! Look at the situation from a 　62　 point of view. Good businessmen use this technique in trade, and so do writers. Fiction writers often imagine they are the 　63__　 in their books. They ask questions: What does this character want? Why can’t she get it? What changes must she make to get what she wants? If your goal involves other people, put yourself in their 　64　. The best fishermen think like fish!‎ ‎50.‎ A. wrong B. unbelievable C. reasonable D. realistic ‎ ‎51.‎ A. put up with B. catch up with C. make use of D. keep track of ‎52.‎ A. equipped B. compared C. covered D. connected ‎53.‎ A. skillfully B. routinely C. vividly D. deeply ‎54.‎ A. familiar B. unrelated C. creative D. imaginary ‎55.‎ A. presented B. marked C. lit D. associated ‎56.‎ A. ideas B. ambitious C. achievement D. technique ‎57.‎ A. experience B. service C. present D. object ‎58.‎ A. work B. last C. exist D. change ‎59.‎ A. possibilities B. limitations C. tendency D. practice ‎60.‎ A. in fact B. in particular C. as a whole D. for example ‎61‎ A. devote B. adapt C. lead D. keep ‎62.‎ A. private B. global C. different D. practical ‎63.‎ A. features B. themes C. creatures D. characters ‎64.‎ A. positions B. dreams C. images D. directions Keys：50-54 ACDBB 55-59 DACCA 60-64 DBCDA