人教版高考英语总复习练习专题2 形容词和副词

人教版高考英语总复习练习专题2 形容词和副词

第三讲　形容词和副词 ‎　　　　　　　　句子成分切莫忘 示之以范 ____________________________________________________原则这样运用 ‎1．(2019·浙江卷6月)But something made her look closer, and she noticed a ____________ (shine) object.‎ shiny/shining　解析：根据空格后的object可知，此处应用形容词作定语，故填shiny或shining。‎ ‎2．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been ____________ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.‎ fairly　解析：修饰形容词unpleasant应用副词。‎ ‎3．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Instead, he hopes that his business will grow steady.__________________ __‎ steady→steadily　解析：grow是谓语动词，故用副词修饰。‎ ‎4．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.____________________‎ seriously→serious　解析：problem为名词，前面应用形容词修饰。‎ ‎5．(2019·湖北武汉高三调考)There are plenty of jobs availably in the western part of the country.____________________‎ availably→available　解析：修饰名词jobs应用形容词，availably是副词。‎ 通关点击 _________________________________________________________原则这样解读 ‎(1)看到提示词作定语、表语或补足语，要想到用形容词；‎ ‎(2)看到提示词修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子在句中作状语，要想到用副词；‎ ‎(3)形容词作状语时，表示状态或结果。‎ ‎(2019·山东高三下学期综合测试)Ron had a successful career and worked for Ford before retiring and leading a relaxed life.　在退休过轻松日子之前，罗恩在福特公司工作，他的事业很成功。‎ Luckily, her stepmother was kind to her.‎ 幸运的是，她的继母对她很好。‎ After the long journey, the three of them went back home, hungry and tired.‎ 经过长时间旅行后，他们三个回到了家，又饿又累。‎ ‎　　　　　　　　牢记几组易混形容词、副词 示之以范 ____________________________________________________原则这样运用 ‎1．(2019·沈阳监测)Passing through several streets, we saw no one but only rubbish here and there. An hour later, I still couldn’t bear to keep my eyes ____________ (wide) open.‎ wide　解析：考查副词。空处修饰形容词open，故用副词形式；wide本身就有副词词性，意为“完全地”。注意：此处不能填widely, widely主要表示距离远、范围大、地域广等。‎ ‎2．(2019·重庆西北狼教育联盟第一次联考)“God，help me！” I begged anxiously. “Is there someone ‎ who will be kind enough to stop and help me out？” ____________， there was no sign of anyone.‎ However　解析：考查副词。空处前句表达作者想得到别人帮助的愿望，空后句意为“看不到任何人”，前后为转折关系且有逗号隔开，故用副词However。‎ ‎3．(2019·沈阳监测)I received an ____________ (amaze) look because he thought I was crazy. A Chinese workmate joined me.‎ amazed　解析：考查形容词。空处修饰名词“look”，形容人的表情，故用amazed。‎ ‎4．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Beside, they often get some useful information from the Internet.____________________‎ Beside→Besides　解析：beside是介词，此处需要副词，故用besides，表示“除……之外(还)”。‎ ‎5．(全国卷Ⅰ)Nearly five years before, and with the help of our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes(圣女果) in our back garden.____________________‎ before→ago　解析：before和一段时间连用常表示过去某时间之前；ago和一段时间连用则表示在多长时间之前。根据句意可知，指大约在五年前，故用ago。‎ ‎6．(2019·浙江卷)When I was a very young child, my father created a regular practice I remember well years late.____________________‎ late→later　解析：句意：当我还是个小孩子时，我爸爸创造一个定期的活动，这个活动我很多年之后依然记忆清晰。本句中混用了late与later，前者为形容词“迟到，迟做”或副词“迟，晚”，后者为副词“后来”。“一段时间＋later”表示这段时间之后。‎ ‎7．(2019·湖北武昌区高三调考)In my opinion, success lies in a series of goals. However, we should remember to make our targets clear and spare no effort to realize our dreams.____________________‎ However→Therefore　解析：上下文是因果关系，应用表示因果关系的副词。且句中有逗号与后面的句子分开，所以应用therefore。‎ ‎8．(2019·合肥第一次质量检测)I had a great English teacher, Maggie. She let me know the importance of English. So I decided to learn English hardly.____________________‎ hardly→hard　解析：考查副词。句意：因此我决定努力学习英语。hard意为“努力地”，hardly意为“几乎不”。根据句意可知，应用hard。‎ 通关点击 ____________________________________________________原则这样解读 ‎1．before, ago ‎(1)ago：常用于一般过去时，它所指的时间从现在算起。‎ ‎(2)before：常用于过去完成时，它所指的时间从过去某一时刻算起。[来源:Z*xx*k.Com]‎ ‎2．late, later[来源:学*科*网Z*X*X*K]‎ ‎(1)late adj.迟到的；adv.迟，晚 ‎(2)later (也是late的比较级) adj.后来的，以后的 adv.后来，以后 ‎3．however, therefore ‎(1)however：副词，表示转折。‎ ‎(2)therefore：副词，表示因果关系。‎ ‎4．常见的易用错的形容词和副词 ‎(1)以ly结尾的形容词。如：friendly, lovely, lively, lonely, elderly, deadly等。‎ ‎(2)意义有别的同根副词。如：‎ close靠近(通常指距离)　　　　 closely密切地，仔细地 hard努力地，费力地 hardly几乎不 most最，(程度上)最大，非常 mostly一般地，主要地 ‎(3)表示宽、高、深的副词都有两种形式，以－ly结尾的表示抽象意义，与形容词同形的表示具体意义。如：‎ wide宽地，widely广泛地，如：be widely known被广泛了解 high高地，highly高度地，如：think highly of评价高 deep深地，deeply深深地，如：be deeply moved被深深感动 ‎5．－ed型形容词和－ing型形容词 解决此类问题有两个切入点：第一，看语境表示的是“令人……”(－ing)，还是“感到……”(－ed)；第二，看语境说明的是性质特征(－ing)还是感受(－ed)。‎ ‎　　　　　　　　构词知识记端详 示之以范 ____________________________________________________原则这样运用 ‎1．(2019·浙江宁波十校联考)So his mother, who was ____________(will) to pay for his education, brought him home to look after the sheep.‎ unwilling　解析：根据后面的“brought him home to look after the sheep”可知，此处表示“不愿意的”，故填unwilling。‎ ‎2．(2019·湖北武汉高三调考)Floating on a pool of water at the base and looking up at the waterfall with a background of blue sky was one of the most ____________(relax) experiences of my life.[来源:1]‎ relaxing　解析：名词前应用形容词作定语，此处修饰experiences，故用relaxing“令人放松的”。‎ ‎3．(2019·湖北华大联盟高三质检)It is probably one of the earliest and longest ____________(last) sports which uses both muscles and brain.‎ lasting　解析：用在名词前应为定语，故用lasting“持续的”。‎ ‎4．(2019·安徽师大附中测试)What a wonderful example these two elderly sisters were to me! I will always be ____________(thank) that I had the opportunity to know them.‎ thankful　解析：考查形容词。be动词后一般跟形容词作表语，故此处用形容词形式。‎ ‎5．(2019·郑州第二次质量预测)This is also where friends and family gather to keep warm and talk at night. Sitting by the fire made me feel ____________(peace), and it was like I was experiencing the traditional Chinese way of life.‎ peaceful　解析：考查形容词。该句中的“feel”为连系动词，后接形容词，此处表示“坐在炉火旁使我感到平静”。‎ ‎6．(2019·新疆第二次适应性检测)There are many kinds of reference books available in the book market. A smart use of these books is certainly ____________(benefit), but the misuse and overuse of them may cause a lot of problems.‎ beneficial　解析：考查形容词。此处应用形容词作系动词is的表语。‎ 通关点击 ____________________________________________________原则这样解读 ‎1．形容词变副词的后缀 后缀 示例 直接加ly slow adj.慢的→slowly adv.缓慢地 改y为ily happy adj.高兴的→happily adv.高兴地 去e加ly true adj.真的→truly adv.真地 ‎2.动词、名词变形容词的后缀 常见的动词、名词变形容词的后缀有：able, al, ful, ed, ing, ible, ive, ous, some, y, ern, ish等。‎ 后缀 示例 ‎able accept vt.接受→acceptable adj.可接受的 ‎ed confuse vt.使困惑→confused adj.感到困惑的 ‎ing convince vt.说服，使信服→convincing adj.令人信服的 ‎ful forget vt.忘记→forgetful adj.健忘的 ‎al nature n．自然→natural adj.自然的 ‎ible access n．进入，使用权，通路→accessible adj.容易取得的 ‎ous caution n．谨慎→cautious adj.谨慎的 ‎3.表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀 常见的表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀有：dis， il， im， in， ir， mis， un， less等。‎ 前/后缀 示例 il‎ legal adj.合法的→illegal adj.不合法的 in‎ convenient adj.方便的→inconvenient adj.不方便的 ir‎ regular adj.有规律的→irregular adj.没规律的 un‎ willing adj.乐意的→unwilling adj.不乐意的 ‎less useful adj.有用的→useless adj.无用的 ‎　考查比较等级 ‎　　　　　　　　比较等级细思量 示之以范 ____________________________________________________原则这样运用 ‎1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify(识别) those of ____________(great) and less importance.‎ greater　解析：句意：如果你因工作上的责任感到压抑，你应该后退一步，并且识别一下这些工作中哪些更重要，哪些不那么重要。根据句意以及little的比较级less的提示可知空格处应用形容词great的比较级greater。‎ ‎2．(2019·沈阳监测)We felt safe for the next half hour so we decided to go even ____________(far)．[来源:1]‎ farther/further　解析：考查比较级。根据该句中的“even”可以判断，此处表示“我们决定走得更远一点”，故用far的比较级。‎ ‎3．(2019·东北三省四市二模)Uber said its flying vehicles would be much ____________(quiet), cost less to operate and produce less pollution than helicopters.‎ quieter　解析：考查形容词比较级。根据下文的than可知，此处用比较级。‎ ‎4．(2019·广东七校联合体第二次联考)I was scanning the restaurant, waiting to sit at the first table that was ____________(convenient) than others.‎ more convenient　解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的“than”可知，空处用形容词的比较级。‎ ‎5．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together.____________________‎ earlier→early　解析：此处没有比较的含义，仅表示主语习惯性的行为，应用early。‎ ‎6．(2019·陕西卷)My mum makes the better biscuits in the world, so I decided to ask her for help.____________________‎ better→best　解析：根据句子后面的限定范围in the world可知，此处应用最高级。‎ 通关点击 ____________________________________________________原则这样解读 ‎1．“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”表示“越……越……”。‎ It is believed that the harder you work, the better result you will get.‎ 人们相信，工作越努力，得到的结果将越好。‎ ‎2．“the＋比较级＋of the two＋名词”表示“两个中较……的”。‎ Which is the better of the two universities, Shanghai Jiaotong University or Fudan University?‎ 上海交大与复旦大学，实力较强的是哪一个？‎ ‎3．“one of the＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数＋比较范围”表示“……中最……的……之一”。‎ New York is one of the biggest cities in America.‎ 纽约是美国最大的城市之一。‎ ‎4．“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义。‎ Mr. Stevenson is great to work for—I really couldn’t ask for a better boss.‎ 为斯蒂文森先生工作感觉非常好，我真的找不到比他更好的老板了。‎ ‎5．可以用来修饰比较级的单词和短语有much, far, still, even, rather, a little, a bit, a lot, a great deal及数量词、表示倍数的词等，常放在比较级的前面。‎ The hotel is rather more expensive than that one.‎ 这家旅馆的收费比那家贵得多。‎ ‎,[学生用书P21]　 　　)‎ 单句语法填空 ‎1．(2019·福建六校联考)Staying ____________(health) while traveling can help to ensure your trip is a happy and enjoyable one.‎ healthy　解析：句意：在旅行的过程中保持健康有助于确保你的旅途开心、愉快。stay为系动词，意为“保持”，其后常接形容词作表语。故填healthy。‎ ‎2．(2019·河南信阳高中第四次大考)At first, many people disliked this style of painting and became very ____________(anger) about it.‎ angry　解析：句意：起初，许多人不喜欢这种绘画风格，并对此感到很生气。系动词became后面应用形容词作表语，故填angry。be angry about sth.意为“对某事感到生气”，为固定短语。‎ ‎3．(2019·郑州第二次质量预测)On New Year’s Day, we visited every neighbor in the village and were greeted ____________(warm) at each house.‎ warmly　解析：考查副词。根据空前的were greeted可知，空处修饰动词，故用副词形式。‎ ‎4．(2019·太原二模)Life is about giving and taking, and it’s ____________(general) true that if you give, you will receive.‎ generally　解析：考查副词。修饰形容词应用副词，故填generally。‎ ‎5．(2019·广东湛江调研)The more support you win from others, the ____________(fast) you will move toward your goal.‎ faster　解析：句意：你赢得别人的支持越多，就会越快地接近你的目标。此处为“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构，意为“越……越……”。因此，设空处应用比较级。故填faster。‎ ‎6．(2019·湖北八校第一次联考)Whatever happens in China, the third ____________(large) country in the world with 20 percent of the world’s population, will certainly shape the immediate and distant futures of us all.[来源:1ZXXK]‎ largest　解析：考查形容词最高级。由空前的the third可知，此处表示最高级的含义，故用形容词最高级修饰名词country。‎ ‎7．(2019·安徽滁州中学模拟)____________(obvious), a good habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations.‎ Obviously　解析：句意：很明显，‎ 一个好习惯能够帮助我们加速抵达目的地。设空处修饰逗号后面的句子，作状语，应用副词。故填Obviously。‎ ‎8．(2019·湖北华大联盟高三质检)The boy looked at his father ____________(hope) because he thought his father had brought him a present.‎ hopefully　解析：修饰动词短语looked at应用副词形式。‎ ‎9．(2019·山东临沂一模)It is one of the most ____________(amaze) TV shows from an artistic point of view.‎ amazing　解析：句意：从艺术的角度，那是最惊人的电视节目之一。设空处后为名词，由此可推出设空处应为形容词作定语。amazing惊人的。‎ ‎10．(2019·昆明质量检测)If we can focus on encouraging kids to drink more water—a low－cost, sugar－free drink—we can improve their drinking habits, which may allow many kids to feel ____________(great) throughout the day and do better in school.‎ greater　解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的“and do better in school”可知，空处与此处对应，应用形容词的比较级。‎ 单句改错 ‎1．(2019·广东七校联考)As I watched the flag rising slowly. I sang the national anthem, feeling extremely exciting.____________________‎ exciting→excited　解析：考查形容词。该句主语为I，修饰人，应用形容词excited，表示“激动的，兴奋的”。‎ ‎2．(2019·重庆西北狼教育联盟第一次联考)He was a Enropean billionaire who got everything he wanted. Therefore, in the last twenty years of his life, his health began to get worse and he led a miserable life.____________________‎ Therefore→However　解析：考查副词。上文说他是一位欧洲亿万富翁，得到了他想要的一切，该句说在他生命里的最后二十年，他的健康状况变得越来越糟。上下文为转折关系，故用However。‎ ‎3．(2019·云南八校区调研)I don’t think that it is a truly eco－travel. An eco－travel not only allows us to express our love for nature, but needs our responsibility as well.____________________‎ truly→true　解析：考查形容词。此处应用形容词修饰名词eco－travel。‎ ‎4．(2019·长沙一模)The American TV show The Voice is one of my most favorite amusement shows.____________________‎ 删除most　解析：考查最高级。句意：美国电视节目《美国之声》是我最喜欢的娱乐节目之一。favorite意为“最喜欢的”，无最高级形式。‎ ‎5．(2019·南昌十校二模)It is clear shown that many middle school students have physical and mental problems.____________________‎ clear→clearly　解析：词性错误。此处修饰过去分词shown，要用副词。clearly“清晰地”。‎ ‎6．(2019·皖北协作区联考)We telephoned the doctors and an old man was sent to the hospital in no time. We felt happily to help him.____________________‎ happily→happy　解析：feel是系动词，后面要用形容词作表语。故将happily改为happy。‎ 语法填空 ‎(2019·山西临汾适应性训练)Once upon a time, there was a flock of doves that flew in search of food 1.____________(lead) by their king. One day, they had flown a long distance and were very tired. The dove king 2.____________(courage) them to fly a little further. The 3.____________(small) of them picked up speed and found some rice beneath an apple tree. So all the doves headed and began to eat. Suddenly a net fell over 4.____________(they) and they were all trapped. They saw 5.____________ hunter approaching carrying a huge stick. The doves desperately fluttered their wings trying to get out, but 6.____________ vain. The king advised all the doves to fly up together carrying the net with them.‎ Each dove picked up a part of the net and together they flew off carrying the net with them. The hunter looked up in 7.____________(astonish). He tried to follow them, but they were flying high over hills and valleys. They flew to a hill, 8.____________ there lived a mouse. The dove king called out the mouse and explained what 9.____________(happen). Then the mouse set the doves 10.____________(freely) by cutting the net and they flew away together.‎ Unity is strength.‎ ‎[解题导语]　本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过讲述了一个小故事告诉读者：团结就是力量。‎ ‎1．led　解析：本题考查非谓语动词作状语。主语a flock of doves与lead为逻辑上的被动关系，故填过去分词led。‎ ‎2．encouraged　解析：句意：鸽王鼓励它们再飞得远一点。设空处在句中作谓语，故用动词encourage；本句讲的是过去的事情，故用一般过去时。‎ ‎3．smallest　解析：根据第一句中的a flock of doves可知这群鸽子不可能是两只，至少是三只或三只以上。再根据设空处前的定冠词The可知设空处需用形容词最高级形式，故填smallest。‎ ‎4．them　解析：设空处作宾语，故用宾格形式them。‎ ‎5．a　解析：设空处后的名词hunter在本句中表示泛指，故填a。‎ ‎6．in　解析：in vain为固定短语，意为：徒劳，无效。‎ ‎7．astonishment　解析：in astonishment为固定短语，意为：惊讶地。‎ ‎8．where　解析：考查定语从句。先行词为hill，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，故填where。‎ ‎9．had happened　解析：happen先于explained发生，表示“过去的过去”，故设空处用过去完成时。‎ ‎10．free　解析：set...free为固定短语，意为：释放，解放。‎