高考英语二轮复习第二板块完形填空句群精读活用方法稳抓保分题目讲义

高考英语二轮复习第二板块完形填空句群精读活用方法稳抓保分题目讲义

第二讲句群精读，活用方法，稳抓保分题目 通过第一步的通览文章，明白了文章大意、内容梗概后，接下来便是精读文章，做题的过程。完形填空80%以上的题目都是基础题目，也就是上文提到的句内、句组层次题。对于这些题目，使用“题文齐读法”在文章的通读环节可预判解答一部分，但这些题目最终答案的确定则需要精读文章，做到解题有理有据、有法可依。‎ 句内层次题的解题信息分布在本句内，在读懂文意的前提下，利用本句的一些解题信息就可直接做答。对于此类题目，考生可以边读边填，将原文信息尽量复原。‎ 方法1 利用习惯搭配及固定结构解题 完形填空中经常会考查一些习惯搭配、固定结构和固定句式，这时考生就需要运用习惯搭配及固定结构来解题。‎ ‎[典例]　(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)I was 43.thrilled! I arrived early at Byron‎ ‎Bay where we were supposed to 44.meet. The bay was __45__ in sunshine, and there was a group of kayakers around ‎150m off the shore.‎ ‎45．A.bathed　　　　　　 B．clean C．deep D．formed ‎[分析]　选A　本题可以利用习惯搭配解题。此处意为“海湾沐浴在阳光中”，be bathed in为固定搭配，表示“沐浴在……中”。‎ 方法2 利用生活常识和文化背景解题 完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。考生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己掌握的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，从而轻松地做出正确判断。‎ ‎[典例]　(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Getting a little 46.closer,_I realized one kayak (皮划艇) was in 47.trouble. “Something's not 48.right！” I took off my Tshirt and __49__ into the water. I saw there were two instructors on board and a man lying across the middle. He was 50.shaking violently. Linking arms with one of the instructors, I helped __51__ the young man out of the water. He was unconscious and as I looked at his face, something 52.occurred to me. Those brown eyes were very 53.familiar. “What's his name？” I asked the instructor. “Ben，” he replied, and immediately I 54.knew. That stranger was my son!‎ ‎49．A.stared B．sank C．dived D．fell ‎51．A.lead B．persuade C．carry D．keep ‎[分析]　49.选C　51.选C　这两道题可以利用生活常识和文化背景解题。根据生活常识，第49题我注意到一个皮划艇出了意外情况，我自然是脱掉T恤衫，“跳进”水里救人，dive意为“跳水”；第51题作者和一位教练双臂连接，两个人一起应该是将这个不省人事的年轻人“抬”出了水面，用carry表示“抬”。‎ 方法3 利用对应成分分析法解题 完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，它使句子的各个成分之间形成一定的对应关系。考生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分，将它作为线索，通过它推断出未知填空的答案。‎ ‎[典例]　(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Teresa 56.posted a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website 57.accompanied by the touching words：“What a 58.blessing this young man was to our family! He was so __59__ and kind to do this.”‎ ‎59．A.smart B．calm C．sweet D．fair ‎[分析]　选C　本题可以利用对应成分分析法解题。‎ 从上述分析可以看出，第59题与kind形成对应关系。因为有and这一并列连词，并且and前后意思应该一致，表示“他做这件事真是太友好和善良了”。故选C。‎ 方法4 利用逻辑关系解题 此方法是通过分析未知填空前后文与已知信息之间的逻辑关系来确定答案，主要应用于完形填空的两类题型：一是考查连接词和起连接词作用的短语；二是考查上下文的逻辑关系。‎ ‎[典例]　(2016·全国卷Ⅲ) We went 101 and I was named most valuable player, __28__ I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller's 29.accident.‎ ‎28．A.and B．then C．but D．thus ‎ ‎[分析]　选C　本题可以利用逻辑关系解题。本空考查连词。连词的作用就是将其前后文的已知信息衔接起来，因此可以利用逻辑关系来解题，即通过分析该未知填空前后文的已知信息的逻辑关系来确定本题应该填入表达何种逻辑关系的连词。‎ 通过上述分析得知本空前后文的已知信息是明显的转折关系，因此答案是but。and表示并列关系；then表示顺承关系；thus表示因果关系。‎ 方法5 利用语境暗示分析法解题 上下文语境具体体现为：全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度倾向和评价、上下文语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。在句内层次题中，我们通常可以通过上下文语境暗示，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。‎ ‎[典例]　(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The instructors called for an ambulance. __55__， after a brief stay in hospital, Ben was well enough to be allowed to __56__ and later the family met up for dinner.‎ ‎55．A.Fortunately B．Frankly C．Sadly D．Suddenly ‎56．A.return B．relax C．speak D．leave ‎[分析]　55.选A　56.选D　这两道题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据下文的“after a brief stay in hospital”，“well enough”和“later the family met up for dinner” 这些暗示中我们可知Ben“很幸运”，“被允许出院”。‎ 句组层次题是比句内层次题稍难一级的题目，其解题信息分布在空格前后的一组意群之中，解题时需前瞻后顾，综合意群信息解答。即本句信息不足填，空格前后再找信息源。‎ 方法1 利用语义复现解题 复现是一种语义衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词或近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，考生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的语义复现来选择正确的答案。‎ ‎[典例1]　(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown person, we usually say “sorry, 41.wrong number！” and move on. But when Dennis Williams __42__ a text that clearly wasn't intended for him, he did something 43.special.‎ ‎42．A.received　　　　　　 B．translated C．copied D．printed ‎[分析]　选A　本题可以利用语义复现解题。第42空是上文“get”的同义词复现，故选A项。‎ ‎[典例2]　(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration.I myself went through this __41__ process and found something that has changed my 42.experience at college for the better: I discovered ASL — American Sign Language (美式手语)．‎ ‎41．A.searching B．planning C．natural D．formal ‎[分析]　选A　本题可以利用语义复现解题。第41空是上文“explore”的近义词复现，故选A项。‎ 方法2 利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题 在高考完形填空文章中，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感情色彩的重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索，可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。‎ ‎[典例]　(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Two weeks earlier, my son, Ben, had got in touch. He'd moved to England with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since I'd 41.last seen him. So imagine my __42__ when he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me.‎ ‎42．A.delight B．relief C．anger D．worry ‎[分析]　选A　本题可以利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题。前文提到作者已经13年没见过自己的儿子了，因此当儿子发来邮件说他想来看望作者时，作者应该是感到高兴(delight)，故A项符合语境。‎ 方法3 利用逻辑关系解题 在句组层次题中，利用逻辑关系解题同样是一种重要的方法。‎ ‎[典例]　(2016·全国卷Ⅱ) Hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through that little device (装置) on your desk.And they've never actually 41.met you.Everything they know about you 42.came through this device, sometimes from hundreds of miles away.__43__ they feel they can know you 44.just from the sound of your voice.That's how powerful the 45.telephone is.‎ ‎43．A.Thus B．Yet C．Then D．Indeed ‎[分析]　选B　本题是典型的考查上下文逻辑关系的题目，可以利用逻辑关系解题。‎ 通过上述对本空前后文已知信息的分析，能够发现上下文之间是明显的转折关系，因此答案可以确定为选项B.Yet。thus“因此”；then“随后”；indeed“的确，确实”。‎ 方法4 利用语境暗示分析法解题 在句组层次题中，有些题目我们往往也需要通过上下文的语境暗示来解题，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。‎ ‎[典例]　(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)On March 19, Dennis got a group text 44.informing him ‎ that a couple he didn't know were at the hospital, waiting for the __45__ of a baby.‎ ‎“Congratulations! But I think someone was mistaken，” Dennis 46.responded. The baby was born and update texts were 47.coming_in quickly from the overjoyed grandmother, Teresa.‎ ‎45．A.wakeup B．recovery C．growth D．arrival ‎[分析]　选D　本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据下文“The baby was born”这一暗示信息可知，一对夫妇正在等待宝贝的降临，因此选arrival“到来，降临”。‎ ‎[课堂应用体验]　 ‎ Most people say “I'm sorry” many times a day for a host of trivial (琐碎的) things.These apologies are easy and usually readily __1__， often with a response like, “No problem.” __2__， when “I'm sorry” are the words needed to right truly hurtful words or acts, they can be the hardest ones to __3__.And even when an apology is offered with the best of intentions, it can be seriously __4__ by the way in which it is worded.A poorly worded apology can __5__ lasting anger and __6__ an important relationship.‎ I admit to a lifetime of challenges when it comes to __7__， especially when I thought I was right or __8__.But I recently __9__ that the need for an apology is less about me than the person who is __10__ by something I said or did or failed to do.I also learned that a sincere apology can be extremely __11__ for the recipient (接受者) as well as the __12__.‎ After learning that a neighbour who seemed __13__ due to my small errors, I wrote a __14__ and apologized for my __15__.I said I wasn't asking for __16__， merely hoping that we could have a harmonious __17__， and then delivered the letter with a jar of my homemade jam.‎ Expecting nothing __18__， I was greatly relieved when my doorbell rang and the neighbour __19__ me for what I had said and done.I felt as if I'd not only got rid of a(n) __20__ but made a new friend, which is indeed how it played out in the days that followed.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。不找任何借口，带着诚意与尊重为自己的过失道歉，不仅会减少一个敌人，而且会多交一个朋友。‎ ‎1．A.accepted　　　　　　　 B．found C．proved D．remembered 解析：选A　根据该空后的“often with a response like, ‘No ‎ problem.’”可知，大多数人每天为各种微不足道的小事说许多次“对不起”，这些道歉容易做到，通常也易于“接受(accepted)”。‎ ‎2．A.Therefore B．Otherwise C．However D．Besides 解析：选C　根据上文中的“easy”与下文中的“hardest”的对比可知，该空前后两个句子之间是语义上的转折关系，故However符合语境。‎ ‎3．A.say B．gain C．forget D．control 解析：选A　根据该空前的“to right truly hurtful words or acts”可知，但是当“对不起”是为了弥补确实很伤人的话语或行为时，就会成为最难“说(say)”出口的话。‎ ‎4．A.described B．weakened C．recorded D．trusted 解析：选B　根据下文中的“poorly worded”与选项中的“weakened”近义词复现可知，即便你是本着最大的善意道歉，也有可能因为措辞不当而被“削弱(weakened)”。‎ ‎5．A.depend on B．look on C．take in D．result in 解析：选D　根据上文内容可知，措辞不当的道歉会“导致(result in)”持久的愤怒，也会“破坏(destroy)”一段重要的关系。‎ ‎6．A.continue B．manage C．judge D．destroy 解析：选D　参见上题解析。‎ ‎7．A.lying B．dreaming C．apologizing D．praising 解析：选C　根据空后“especially when I thought I was right”可知，作者承认“道歉(apologizing)”是人生的一个挑战，尤其是当他认为自己是对的，或被“误解(misunderstood)”时。其中right与misunderstood是并列关系。‎ ‎8．A.admired B．worried C．misunderstood D．delighted 解析：选C　参见上题解析。‎ ‎9．A.discovered B．expected C．promised D．feared 解析：选A　根据“But”提示和该空前后语境转折可知，“that the need ...failed to do”是作者最近“发现(discovered)”的道理。‎ ‎10．A.moved B．hurt C．attracted D．criticized 解析：选B　根据该空后的“by something I said or did or failed to do”可知，被自己所言、所行或未能做到的事“伤害(hurt)”到的人，更需要“我”的道歉。‎ ‎11．A.simple B．impossible C．beneficial D．interesting 解析：选C　根据下一段的具体事例可知，真诚的道歉不论对接受者还是“给予者(giver)”而言，都是非常“有好处的(beneficial)”。‎ ‎12．A.quitter B．giver C．lover D．rescuer 解析：选B　参见上题解析。上文“recipient”和选项中的“giver”之间是反义词复现关系。‎ ‎13．A.excited B．puzzled C．embarrassed D．annoyed 解析：选D　根据该空后的“due to my small errors”以及“apologized for”语境暗示可知，邻居因作者的一些小错误而“感到恼火(annoyed)”。‎ ‎14．A.letter B．book C．story D．poem 解析：选A　根据第17空后的“delivered the letter”提示可知，作者写了一封“信(letter)”。此处为原词复现。‎ ‎15．A.jokes B．mistakes C．excuses D．decisions 解析：选B　根据第13空后的“small errors”和选项中的“mistakes”之间是同义词复现关系，故作者为自己的“错误(mistakes)”道歉。‎ ‎16．A.introduction B．suggestion C．forgiveness D．encouragement 解析：选C　根据该空后的“merely hoping that we could have a harmonious __17__”以及下一段中的“Expecting nothing”可知，作者并不请求“原谅(forgiveness)”。‎ ‎17．A.occupation B．relationship C．community D．situation 解析：选B　根据上文可知，因作者的错误破坏了他与邻居之间的关系，那么作者道歉的初衷只是希望保持一种和谐的“关系(relationship)”。‎ ‎18．A.in total B．in turn C．in brief D．in return 解析：选D　联系上下文内容可知，作者并不期待任何“回报(in return )”。‎ ‎19．A.thanked B．changed C．comforted D．helped 解析：选A　根据该空前的“greatly relieved”可知，邻居“感谢(thanked)”作者所说的话和所做的事。‎ ‎20．A.worker B．relative C．neighbour D．enemy 解析：选D　根据该空后的“but”转折可知，该空与“a new friend”形成对比，故enemy符合语境。此处“friend”与“enemy”是反义词复现关系。‎