十年高考20002010英语分类汇编时态和语态46页

十年高考20002010英语分类汇编时态和语态46页

十年高考【2000-2010】英语分类汇编----动词时态和语态-‎ u 动词时态和语态在高考中的考查重点：‎ ‎1.对下列十种时态的考查：‎ 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 过去完成时 将来完成时 过去将来时 ‎2.既考查时态又考查语态；‎ ‎3.考查动词的及物与不及物；‎ ‎4.考查主动形式表示被动意义；‎ ‎5.考查动词词组在被动语态中的介词问题；‎ ‎6.对被动语态习惯句型的考查。‎ ‎〖10全国Ⅰ〗—Have you finished reading Jane Eyre?‎ ‎—No, I ______ my homework all day yesterday. ‎ A. was doing B. would do C. has done D. do ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗此题考查时态, ‎ ‎〖解析〗句意：—你读完了Jane Eyre吗？‎ ‎—没有, 我昨天一直做作业。可以根据句意解答, 也可以使用排除法。A表示一段时间内持续进行且未完成的动作使用进行时。题干中有all day yesterday时间提示为过去, 应该选择与过去相关的时态, 排除D。B为过去将来时不符合题意, C过去完成时是过去的过去, 使用过去完成时题目中需要有一般过去时, 题干中没有一般过去时因此也排除。‎ ‎〖10全国Ⅰ〗When you are home , give a call to let me know you ______ safely. ‎ A. are arriving B. have arrived C. had arrived D. will arrive ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗此题考查时态 ‎〖解析〗句意：当你到家的时候, 打电话给我让我知道你已经到家了。此题可以根据句意也可以使用排除法。句意为 “当你到家的时候, 打电话给我让我知道你已经到家了”B选项使用现在完成时表示将来完成, 译为 “已经……”。同时也可以使用排除法, arrive既可以使用现在进行时表示将来也可以用will + do表示将来, 因此A和D同时排除, C为过去完成时, 使用过去完成时时句中一定要有一般过去时, 过去完成时是过去的过去, 因此C也排除, 选择B.‎ ‎〖10全国Ⅰ〗The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune ______. ‎ A. is made B. would make C. was to be made D. had made ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗此题考查时态和语态。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意：在澳洲金矿的发现使千百人相信将会发财。根据选项make fortune译为 “发财”, make在句中需要使用被动形式, 因此排除B和D, 题干中led提示时间为过去, 因此选择C。be to do译为 “将会将要”, was to be made表示过去将来。‎ ‎〖10全国Ⅱ〗Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who ______ evening dress. ‎ A. wear B. wears C. has worn D. have worn ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查主谓一致和时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗首先the only one of …. 为先行词时, 定语从句修饰的是one, 即one是主语, 而非后面的复数women, 根据主谓一致的原则, 谓语动词应该用复数, 排除A, D。另外, 从 “is”可以看出句子是要表示一种习惯, 因此要用一般现在时, 排除C, 故选A ‎〖10全国Ⅱ〗Linda make sure the table ________before the guests arrive A. be set B. set C. are set D. are setting ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查动词set的用法和被动语态。‎ ‎〖解析〗Set a table摆放桌子, tables为主语, 故用被动结构。make sure后一般接宾语从句。‎ ‎〖10全国Ⅱ〗Excuse me I________I was blocking your way. ‎ A. didn’t realize B. don’t realize C. haven’t realized D. wasn’t realizing ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗时态考查。‎ ‎〖解析〗结合语境, 后文暗示过去时。‎ ‎〖10上海〗Every few years, the coal workers ______ their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health. ‎ A. are having B. have C. have had D. had had ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗根据时间状语every few years,可判断本句应为一般现在时, 因此答案选B。‎ ‎〖10上海〗The church tower which ________will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. ‎ ‎ A. has restored B. has been restored C. is restoring D. is being restored ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查被动语态。‎ ‎〖解析〗Restore意思为修复, 而最后一句表明工程还未完成, 因此为正在修复中, 答案选D.‎ ‎〖10福建〗Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they ________before leaving their hometowns. ‎ A. promised B. were promised C. have promised D. have been promised ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗现在完成时的被动语态 ‎〖解析〗‎ ‎〖10福建〗–Guess what, we’ve got our visas for a short-term visit to the UK this summer. ‎ ‎ --How nice! You________a different culture then. ‎ A. will be experiencing B. have experienced ‎ C. have been experiencing D. will have experienced ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查将来进行时 ‎〖解析〗--猜猜看, 我们已经得到了今年夏天去香港的短期签证 ‎--太棒了, 你到时候将会感受到不同的文化 ‎〖10安徽〗----Were you surprised by the ending of the film?‎ ‎----No, I _______the book, so I already knew the story?‎ A. was reading B. had read C. am reading D. have read ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态用法。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为 “我看过书了, 已知道这个故事”。在 “knew”前已看过, 故用过去完成时。‎ ‎〖10安徽〗----We’ve spent too much money recently. ‎ ‎----well, it isn’t surprising. Our friend and relatives _______around all the time ‎ A. are coming B. had come C. were coming D. have been coming ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态用法。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为 “近来我们花了太多钱了。----并不惊奇, 近来朋友和亲戚总是来访。”用have been coming表示从过去到现在一直所发生的动作。‎ ‎〖10湖南〗This coastal area ________a national wildlife reserve last year. ‎ A. was named B. named C. is named D. names ‎ ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查动词时态和语态。‎ ‎〖解析〗根据主语 “This coastal area”与name之间的被动关系排除B、D两项。根据句中的last year判断用一般过去时, 故选A项。‎ ‎〖10湖南〗I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone ________it. Was it you?‎ A. has done B. had done C. would do D. will do ‎ ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查动词时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗该空动作发生在was just going to cut之前, 即表示过去的过去, 故用过去完成时态。句意为： “我正要剪切我的蔷薇丛但（发现）有人已经将它剪切了。是你干的吗？”‎ ‎〖10湖南〗I walked slowly through the market, where people________all kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed. ‎ ‎ A. sell B. were selling C. had sold D. have sold ‎ ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查动词时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗根据 “I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed”的提示可判断此处表示 “人们当时正在出售各种水果和蔬菜”, 即表示过去某时正在发生的动作, 故选B项。‎ ‎〖10湖南〗I’m tired out. I ______ all afternoon and I don’t seem to have finished anything. ‎ ‎ A. shopped B. have shopped ‎ C. had shopped D. have been shopping ‎ ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查动词时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为：“我现在很累。我整个下午一直在购物, 我好像什么事都没做成似的。”由语境可判断选D项。‎ ‎〖10江西〗Mother wanted to be a good provider, a role she _____ since her marriage to Father. ‎ A shoulders B shouldered C is shouldering D has been shouldering ‎〖答案〗Ｄ ‎〖考点〗考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗在本句since 表示自从过去到现在, 所以用现在完成时, 现在完成进行时为现在完成时的一种。‎ ‎〖10山东〗The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already ______ for a meal to be cooked. ‎ ‎ A. laid B. laying C. to lay D. being laid ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查with复合结构的用法/被动语态。‎ ‎〖解析〗with复合结构的构成是 “with+宾语+宾语补足语”, 由于table与lay(搁放)之间是逻辑上的动宾关系, 所以空格处用过去分词表示被动。‎ ‎〖10山东〗Up to now, the program _______ thousands of children who would otherwise have died. ‎ ‎ A. would save B. saves C. had saved D. has saved ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查动词时态的用法。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意应为 “截止到现在, 这个项目已经挽救了成千上万的本来会死去的孩子的生命。”up to now是现在完成时态的标志, 所以空格处使用现在完成时态。‎ ‎〖10天津〗We________on this project for four hours. Let’s have a rest. ‎ A. are working B. have been working C. worked D. had worked ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查动词时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意：我们在这项工程上一直工作了四个小时了。咱们休息一会。从句子的时间状语for four hours和后面的句子Let’s have a rest可知, 动作从过去发生, 到说话的时候一直在进行着, 所以此处要用现在完成进行时态。 ‎ ‎〖10天津〗Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting ________at the culture show of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo. ‎ A. are exhibiting B. is exhibiting C. are being exhibited D. is being exhibited ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查被动语态。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意：想剪纸一样的天津民间传统艺术品正在2010上海世博会的文化展览中展出。因为2010年上海世博会现在还在进行着, 所以像剪纸一样的天津传统民间艺术品也是 “正在被展览”, 所以用现在进行时态的的被动语态形式。‎ ‎〖10四川〗In many people’s opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant ________. ‎ ‎ A. to deal with B. dealing with C. to be dealt with D. dealt with ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查不定式主动表被动。‎ ‎〖解析〗在某些形容词后经常用不定式的主动形式表被动, 此时, 不定式动作和句子的主语存在动宾关系。又如：The apartment is comfortable to live in.‎ ‎〖10四川〗一When shall we restart our business?‎ ‎ 一Not until we________our plan. ‎ A. will finish B. are finishing C. are to finish D. have finished ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查动词时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗在状语从句中, 经常用一般现在时表将来时, 用现在完成时表将来完成时。此处为until引导的时间状语从句, 故用现在完成时, 选D。意为 “直到我们完成我们的计划, 我们才重新开始我们的生意。”‎ ‎〖10四川〗You’ve failed to do what you________to and I’m afraid the teacher will blame you. ‎ A. will expect B. will be expected C. expected D. were expected ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查动词时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗句中you与expect存在被动关系, 首先排除C。又有have failed提示应是过去你被 期盼做的事, 故应为过去时, 正确答案为D。‎ ‎〖10江苏〗—why, Jack, you look so tired! ‎ ‎ —Well, I _____the house and I must finish the work tomorrow. ‎ A. was painting B. will be painting C. have painted D. have been painting ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查时态题.‎ ‎〖解析〗我给房子上油漆一直进行到现在, 而且到明天才会完成。所以用现在完成进行时 ‎〖10江苏〗—Peter , where did you guys go for the summer vacation?‎ ‎—We________ busy with our work for months, so we went to the beach to relax ourselves. ‎ A. were B. have been C. had been D. will be ‎〖答案〗C.‎ ‎〖考点〗考查时态题.‎ ‎〖解析〗我们去海边发生在过去. 而我们忙于工作在此之前. 因此用过去完成时.‎ ‎〖10陕西〗I have to see the doctor because I________a lot lately. ‎ ‎ A. have been coughing B. had coughed C. coughed D. cough ‎〖答案〗A.‎ ‎〖考点〗考查动词时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗由时间状语lately可知此处表示现阶段一直在进行的动作或存在的状态, 且强调其持续性, 用现在完成进行时, 选A。‎ ‎〖10陕西〗It is reported that many a new house________at present in the disaster area. ‎ A. are being built B. were being built C. was being built D. is being built ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查动词时态, 语态及主谓一致。‎ ‎〖解析〗由时间状语at present可知此处动词表示的动作正在进行, 主语与所填词是被动关系；many a+名词单数做主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式, 由此可知本题选D。‎ ‎〖10湖北〗Last night’s TV news said that by then the death of the missing people ________（未证实）yet. (prove)‎ ‎〖答案〗had not been proved ‎〖考点〗考查过去完成时的被动语态 ‎〖解析〗‎ ‎〖10辽宁〗Joseph ______to evening classes since last month, but he still can’t say “What’s your name?” in Russian. ‎ A. has been going B. went C. goes D. has gone ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意：约瑟夫自从上个月就一直去夜校, 可是他仍然不能用俄语说 “你叫什么名字？”。句中since last month, 表示 “自从上个月起”根据but后的句意, 说明动作从过去发生到现在一直在进行着, 所以要用现在完成进行时态。‎ ‎〖10辽宁〗I _______ all the cooking for my family, but recently I’ve been too busy to do it. ‎ A. will do B. do C. am doing D. had done ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查动词时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意：我为一家人做饭, 但是最近我太忙不能做了。第一句表示现阶段的一种状况, 所以用一般现在时态。‎ ‎〖10北京〗In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the “r”sounds at the end of the words________. ‎ ‎ A. are dropped B. drop C. are being dropped D. have dropped ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗时态和语态 ‎〖解析〗the “r”sounds应该使用被动。‎ ‎〖10北京〗--I’m not finished with my dinner yet.‎ ‎ --But our friends________for us.‎ ‎ A. will wait B. wait C. have waited D. are waiting ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题也是在语境中考查学生对时态的灵活运用。‎ ‎〖解析〗第一个说话人说“我还没吃完饭呢”, 而下面的人则说“但是我们的朋友们都在等我们了”根据第一个人还没进行完吃饭的动作, 而第二个人又开始催促, 我们得知朋友们此时正在等他们。所以用进行时are waiting更符合句意。‎ ‎〖10北京〗--I’m sorry, but I don’t quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20?‎ ‎ --Sorry, I________myself clear. We want to return on October 20. ‎ A. hadn’t made B. wouldn’t make C. don’t make D. haven’t made ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗时态 ‎〖解析〗上文说没听清是几号回来。而下文则说很抱歉我没说清楚。根据句意我们只能选didn’t make或者haven’t made. 那落在选项中我们只能选择D。A. hadn’t made过去完成时表过去的过去, 不符合题意。B. wouldn’t make过去将来时时态不正确。C一般现在时不正确。‎ ‎〖10北京〗It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they ______for me. ‎ A. had done B. did C. would do D. were doing ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查过去完成时和一般过去时的区别 ‎〖解析〗整个句子时态用的是一般过去时, 我能够表示感谢就已经是过去, 而他们对我的帮助则是过去的过去。因此选A。‎ ‎〖10重庆〗The book has been translated into thirty languages since it ________on the market in 1973. ‎ A. had come B. has come C. came D. comes ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗since引导的从句作状语时, 主句通常用完成时, 而从句用一般过去时, 所以选C项。‎ ‎〖10重庆〗The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building _______now. ‎ A. remains B. is remained C. is remaining D. has been remained ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗remain在这儿意思是 “剩下, 余留”, 为不及物动词, 整句话是对现在事实的陈述, 所以用一般现在时。选 A项。‎ ‎〖10重庆〗-----Why do you want to work for our company?‎ ‎ -----This is the job that I for. ‎ A. looked B. am to look C. had looked D. have been looking ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗由句意：这就是我一直寻找的工作可知用现在完成进行时, 表示从过去某个时刻发生的动作一直持续到现在, 并且有可能持续下去。‎ ‎〖10浙江〗If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring, you______fresh watermelon in the fall. ‎ A. eat B. would eat C. have eaten D. will be eating ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查条件句的时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗：根据句意：如果你在春天种下西瓜种子, 你会在秋天吃到新鲜的西瓜。可以判断这是真实的条件从句, 会发生的事情, 所以选择will be eating表将来。‎ ‎〖10浙江〗For many years, people ______electric cars. However, making them has been more difficult than predicted. ‎ A. had dreamed of B. have dreamed of C. dreamed of D. dream of ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗根据句意：许多年来, 人们都一直梦想着电动汽车。然而, 制造它们比想象要难得多。由此, 推断此处的梦想从过去到现在, 并由此延伸。目前, 市场上已经有了电动汽车, 所以应用现在完成时。‎ ‎〖09全国卷I〗Edward, you play so well. But I ______ you played the piano. ‎ A. didn’t know B. hadn’t known C. don’t know D. haven’t known ‎ ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查动词时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗前句说。Edward, 你（钢琴）弹得这么好, 可见现在已经知道 “你弹钢琴”, 不知道是在过去, 而不是现在, 因此句子用一般过去时。‎ ‎〖09全国卷II〗Progress______ so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time.‎ A. was B. had been C. has been D. will be ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查了时态--现在完成时 ‎〖解析〗根据题干中的so far判断, 应该用现在完成时态。‎ ‎〖09北京〗Scientists have many theories about how the universe ___ into being.‎ A. came B. was coming C. had come D. would come ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查时态的用法。‎ ‎〖解析〗宇宙是如何形成的, 因为宇宙的形成这个动作已经发生, 所以用一般过去时来表示已经发生的动作。‎ ‎〖09北京〗The way the guests _____ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service A. treated B. were treated C. would treat D. would be treated ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查时态和语态的用法。‎ ‎〖解析〗The guests 与treat之间是被动的关系, 并且动作已经发生, 所以用一般过去时的被动形式。‎ ‎〖09北京〗When I talked with my grandma on the phone, she sounded weak, but by the time we_____up, her voice had been full of life. ‎ A. were hanging B. had hung C. hung D. would hang ‎ ‎〖答案〗C.‎ ‎〖考点〗考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗By the time 后的从句中多用一般现在时和一般过去时。根据该题的语境可以断定答案为:C. ‎ ‎〖09天津〗My parents _____ in Hong Kong. They were born there and have never lived anywhere else.‎ A. live B. lived C. were living D. will live ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗后句意思 “他们出生在香港, 从来没有去过别的地方”, 由此可知前句 “一直在香港住”, 时态用一般现在时,‎ ‎ 说明事实, 故选A。‎ ‎〖09四川〗—Why don’t we choose that road to save time?‎ ‎—The bridge to it __________.‎ A. has repaired B. is repaired ‎ C. is being repaired D. will be repaired ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查时态和语态。‎ ‎〖解析〗根据语境可知不走另一条路的原因是因为桥正在被修。所以用现在进行时的被动形式作为该题的答案。‎ ‎〖09四川〗—You speak very good French! ‎ ‎—Thanks. I __________ French in Sichuan University for four years. ‎ A. studied B. study C. was studying D. had studied ‎ ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗我在四川大学学过4年法语是指过去发生过的事情, 所以谓语动词用一般过去时, 该题由于有for four years.造成一部分学生做出错误的选择, 而选择了D。‎ ‎〖09山东〗I was out of town at the time, so I don’t know exactly how it _______. ‎ A. was happening B. happened C. happens D. has happened ‎ ‎〖答案〗B　‎ ‎〖考点〗本题考查具体语境中的时态, ‎ ‎〖解析〗后一句隐藏的时间状语是at the time.‎ ‎〖09陕西〗Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, _____visit Beijing this summer.‎ A. is going to B. are going to C. was going to D. were going to ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查动词时态和主谓一致。‎ ‎〖解析〗主语中心词是Dr. Smith, 表单数, 谓语动词用单数形式；时间状语是this summer, 表计划性的将来, 故时态用一般将来时, 选A。‎ ‎〖09陕西〗This is the first time went______ a film in the cinema together as a family. ‎ A. see B. had seen C. saw D. have seen ‎ ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查动词时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗the+序数词+time引导的时间状语从句中动词时态用完成时, 有参照动词is可知此处用现在完成时, 选D。‎ ‎〖09江西〗At present, one of the apartments in favor of the new airport ________ that it will going a lot jobs to the area. ‎ A. is B. are C. will be D. were ‎〖答案〗A ‎ ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态的用法。‎ ‎〖解析〗根据at present =now 可知, 应用一般现在时。‎ ‎〖09江西〗------ What is the price of petrol these days ‎ ‎ -------Oh, it ______ sharply since last month. ‎ A. is raised B. has risen C. has arisen D. is increased ‎ ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态的用法。‎ ‎〖解析〗根据since last month 可知应用现在完成时。‎ ‎〖09江西〗---Do you want a lift home? ‎ ‎---It’s very kind of you, but I have a much late in the office. I overslept this morning because my morning clock _______. ‎ A. doesn’t go off B. won’t gone C. wasn’t going off D. didn’t go on ‎ ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态的用法。‎ ‎〖解析〗根据I overslept this morning 可知应用一般过去时。‎ ‎〖09江苏〗The population of Jiangsu ________to more than twice what it was in 1949. The figure is now approaching 74‎ ‎ million.‎ A. has grown B. have grown C. grew D. are growing ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查主谓一致和时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗population是集合名词, 或集体名词, 即看成一个整体, 所以谓语动词用单数形式。句子说的是江苏现在的人口数量和以及增长, 用完成时表示现在的状态。 〖09江苏〗-- Ann is in hospital.‎ ‎-- Oh, really? I ________know. I ________go and visit her.‎ A. didn’t; am going to B. don’t; would C. don’t; will D. didn’t; will ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查时态和交际用语 ‎〖解析〗说话者用I didn’t know, 是表示现在之前他不知道。而他现在说要去看他当然是将要去看他用 “will’.‎ ‎〖09江苏〗--- Hi, Terry, can I use your computer for a while this afternoon?‎ ‎--- Sorry. ________.‎ A. It’ s repaired B. It has been repaired C. It’s being repaired D. It had been repaired ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态和语态。‎ ‎〖解析〗据题意, computer是正在被修。‎ ‎〖09湖南〗When he________the door, he found his keys were nowhere.‎ A. would open B. opened C. had opened D. was to open ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗动词不定时的用法。句意为：当他要打开门的时候,他发现他的钥匙不见了。动词不定时表示将要发生的动作。‎ ‎〖09湖南〗Would you please keep silent? The weather report and _________I want to listen.‎ A. is broadcast B. is being broadcast C. has been broadcast D. had been broadcast ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查时态和语态。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为：请保持安静行吗? 我想听正在广播的天气报告。说话间正在发生的动作, 应用进行时同时表示被动含义。故选B。‎ ‎〖09湖南〗— The food here is nice enough.‎ ‎— My friend ______ me a right place.‎ A. introduces B. introduced C. had introduced D. was introducing ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查时态的用法。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为：——这里的食物不错。——我的朋友介绍给我一个正确的地方。表示过去的行为。‎ ‎〖09福建〗-Why does the Lake smell terrible?‎ ‎-Because large quantities of water________. ‎ A. have polluted B. is being polluted ‎ C. has been polluted D. have been polluted ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查动词时态, 语态和主谓语一致。‎ ‎〖解析〗根据前一分句可知所填动词表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响, 时态用现在完成时, 动词与主语是被动关系, 用被动语态。主语是large quantities of water, 其中心词是quantities, 是复数, 谓语动词用复数, 选D。‎ ‎〖09福建〗According to the literary review, Shakespeare________his charities live through their language in his plays. ‎ A. will make B. had made C. was making D. makes ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查动词时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗题干是陈述一个客观真理, 用一般现在时, 选D。‎ ‎〖09辽宁〗Excuse me, Marcia, a reporter from Vanity Fair ________ all day. Could you speak to her now? ‎ A. phones B. has phoned C. has been phoning D. phoned ‎ ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查现在完成进行时。‎ ‎〖解析〗由all day可以看出一直在打电话, 此时仍然在打, 创设了过去发生地动作持续到现在仍在进行, 故选C。‎ ‎〖09辽宁〗My parents have promised to come to see me before I _______ for Africa. ‎ A. have left B. leave C. left D. will leave ‎ ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查动词时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗由前句的现在完成时可以看出leave还没有发生, 选B符合语境。‎ ‎〖09浙江〗Over the past decades, sea ice _______ in the Arctic as a result of global warming.‎ A. had decreased B. decreased ‎ C. has been decreasing D. is decreasing ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗句中有Over the past decades谓语动词用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。‎ ‎〖09浙江〗—What do you think of the movie? ‎ ‎—It’s fantastic. The only pity is that I ______ the beginning of it. ‎ A. missed B. had missed C. miss D. would miss ‎ ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗通过语境知道错过这部电影的开头已经发生, 所以用一般过去时来表示已经发生的动作。‎ ‎〖09重庆〗She stared at the painting ,wondering where she ______it.‎ A. saw B. has seen C. sees D. had seen ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查动词时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗由stared可知, 他想知道在哪里见过这幅画, 应该发生在stared之前, 故用过去完成时。‎ ‎〖09重庆〗—I’ve got to go now.‎ ‎—Must you ?I ______you could stay for dinner with us.‎ A. think B. thought C. have thought D. am thinking ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查动词时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗从对话语境可以看出对方要走, 我想对方可能和我们一起吃饭应该发生在现在的以前, 所以是现在和过去的对比, 选B符合。‎ ‎〖09重庆〗Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future ______to the well-educated.‎ A. belongs B. is belonged C. is belonging D. will be belonged ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查动词用法。‎ ‎〖解析〗Belong无进行时和被动语态, 由此排除B, C, D, 故选A。‎ ‎〖09上海〗Mary went to the box office at lunch time, but all the tickets ____out. ‎ A. would sell B. had sold C. have sold D. was selling ‎ ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查动词时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗上句went to为过去时, 而所有的票卖完发生在去之前, 故表示过去的过去用过去完成时。 ‎ ‎〖08全国Ⅰ〗—Have you known Dr.Jackson for a long time? ‎—Yes, since she________the Chinese Society.‎ A.has joined B.joins C.had joined D.joined ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查动词时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗since用作连词, 引导时间状语从句时, 从句中谓语动词常用一般过去时。‎ ‎〖08全国Ⅰ〗The wet weather will continue tomorrow, when a cold front________to arrive. A.is expected B.is expecting C.expects D.will be expected ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态和语态。‎ ‎〖解析〗“冷锋被预计要到来”是指现在 “预料”而不是明天, 故用一般现在时的被动语态。‎ ‎〖08全国Ⅱ〗If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic.But it ________all day.‎ A.rained B.rains C.has rained D.is raining ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查一般过去时的用法。‎ ‎〖解析〗本题的精妙之处在于用一个虚拟语气if...had been better, ...could have had...。‎ ‎〖08全国Ⅱ〗The director had her assistant________some hot dogs for the meeting. A.picked up B.picks up C.pick up D.picking up ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查have sb. do sth.结构。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为：主任让她的助手为会议准备一些热狗(食物)。 “让某人去做某事”, 其中的不定式应该省略to。‎ ‎〖08全国Ⅱ〗If their marketing plans succeed, they________their sales by 20 percent. A.will increase B.have been increasing C.have increased D.would be increasing ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为：如果他们的市场运作计划成功, 那么他们的销售将会增加百分之二十。条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将来, 主句必须用一般将来时。‎ ‎〖08北京〗—Have you read a book called Waiting for Anya? ‎—Who________it? A.writes B.has written C.wrote D.had written ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗由于 “写书”这一动作应发生在 “读书”之前, 且本句中并没有强调具体动作的情况, 故该题空格处应表示一般过去的动作, 用一般过去时态。‎ ‎〖08北京〗The hotel wasn’t particularly good, but I________in many worse hotels. A.was staying B.stayed C.would stay D.had stayed ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗由句中的worse可知该句是表达比较的含义, 故本题句意应为:这家旅馆并不特别好, 但是我住过比它更差的旅馆。由于“The hotel wasn’t particularly good”中的时态是一般过去时态, 所以stay这一动作应发生在描述情况之前, 故须用过去完成时态。‎ ‎〖08北京〗No decision________about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed. A.will be made B.is made C.is being made D.has been made ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态和语态。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为：直到所有的候选人都被面试过后, 才会作出下一步的任命。从句中使用了have been interviewed, 这是用现在完成时代替将来完成时, 故主句使用将来时。‎ ‎〖08天津〗He________football regularly for many years when he was young. A.was playing B.played C.has played D.had played ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗由句中regularly可知是过去某个时间内经常性、习惯性的动作, 故用一般过去时。‎ ‎〖08安徽〗—Did you watch the basketball match yesterday? ‎—Yes, I did.You know, my brother________in the match.‎ A.is playing B.was playing  C.has played D.had played ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为：——你昨天看篮球赛了吗？——看了。你要知道, 我的弟弟在那场比赛中上场打球。故此处应该用过去进行时态。解答此类题目的关键是要把握进行时态的三个特点, 即“临时性”、“未完成性”和“延续性”。‎ ‎〖08安徽〗I like these English songs and they________many times on the radio. A.taught B.have taught C.are taught D.have been taught ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态和语态。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为：我喜欢这些英语歌曲, 它们在收音机里已经被播放过多次了。此处用现在完成时态表示结果, 且应该用被动形式。‎ ‎〖08江西〗—Do you think we should accept that offer? ‎—Yes, we should, for we________such bad luck up till now, and time________out.‎ A.have had;is running B.had;is running ‎ C.have;has been run D.have had;has been run ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为：——你认为我们应该接受那个提议(帮助)吗？——是的, 我们应该接受, 因为迄今为止我们一直运气不好, 而且时间就要用光了。因为有时间状语till now, 所以第一个空应该用现在完成时态；根据句意, 时间应是 “就要用光, 快用光了”, 所以第二个空用现在进行时态, 表示时间一点一滴地在流逝。‎ ‎〖08湖南〗I called Hannah many times yesterday evening, but I couldn’t get through.Her brother ________on the phone all the time! A.was talking B.has been talking C.has talked D.talked ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为：昨天晚上我给汉娜打过很多次电话, 就是打不通。她的哥哥一直在电话上说个不停。此处用过去进行时态表示过去某一时间段内一直在进行的动作。‎ ‎〖08湖南〗—Do you have any problems if you ________this job? ‎—Well, I’m thinking about the salary... A.offer B.will offer C.are offered D.will be offered ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态和语态。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为：“如果你被提供给这份工作的话你有什么问题吗？” “噢, 我正在考虑薪水的问题……”在if引导的条件状语从句中, 应用一般现在时态来代替一般将来时态。‎ ‎〖08陕西〗The moment I got home, I found I ________my jacket on the playground. A.had left B.left C.have left D.was leaving ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗found为一般过去时态, 而leave发生在find之前, 故leave须用过去完成时态。‎ ‎〖08四川〗The telephone________, but by the time I got indoors, it stopped. A.had rung B.was ringing C.rings D.has rung ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗由句意 “电话响着, 但我进入室内时停了。”可知, 该题表达的时间与过去有关, 而与现在无关。由此, 排除C、D两项。而如果选A项, 则与后面it stopped在逻辑上存在错误。‎ ‎〖08重庆〗Judy is going to marry the sailor she ________in Rome last year. A.meets B.met C.has met D.would meet ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗根据时间状语last year可知, 用一般过去时。‎ ‎〖08重庆〗He________as a national hero for winning the first gold medal for his country in the Olympics. A.regarded B.was regarded C.has regarded D.had been regarded ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态和语态。‎ ‎〖解析〗考查regard...as 把……认为是……。‎ ‎〖08重庆〗Teenagers________their health because they play computer games too much.‎ A.have damaged B.are damaging C.damaged D.will damage ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗根据because引导的原因状语的时态, 可知前面的时态。‎ ‎〖08浙江〗I don’t believe you’ve already finished reading the book— I ________it to you this morning! A.would lend B.was lending C.had lent D.lent ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗根据句意 “我认为你还没有读完这本书——我今天早晨刚把它借给你”可知, 是对过去事情的一个描述。‎ ‎〖08浙江〗—What’s that noise? ‎—Oh, I forgot to tell you.The new machine________. A.was tested B.will be tested C.is being tested D.has been tested ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态和语态。‎ ‎〖解析〗根据一对一的问答可知, “机器正在被检测”, 故选C项。‎ ‎〖08福建〗So far this year we________a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. A.saw B.see C.had seen D.have seen ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗so far一般与现在完成时连用。‎ ‎〖08辽宁〗We first met on a train in 2000.We both felt immediately that we_______each other for years..‎ A.knew B.have known C.had known D.know ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为：我们于2000年在火车上第一次相遇。我们两人都立刻觉得我们好像已认识了好多年。that从句中know的动作发生在句子谓语动词felt之前, 因此从句谓语动词应用过去完成时态。‎ ‎〖08辽宁〗—Have you got any job offers? ‎—No.I________. A.waited B.had been waiting C.have waited D.am waiting ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为：“有人给你提供工作了吗？” “没有, 我正在等着。”用现在进行时态表示正在进行的动作或存在的状态。‎ ‎〖08江苏〗—I’m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. ‎—I think so.He________for it for months. A.is preparing B.was preparing ‎ C.had been preparing D.has been preparing ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗由句中 “for months”与 “will”可知, prepare的动作应发生在过去而且到目前还在继续, 故用现在完成进行时。‎ ‎〖08山东〗By the time he realizes he ________into a trap, it’ll be too late for him to do anything about it. A.walks B.walked C.has walked D.had walked ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗由句中realizes及it’ll be可知应用现在的时态, 故排除B、D两项, 由句意可知空白处强调已经完成的动作, 故用现在完成时。‎ ‎〖07全国Ⅰ〗I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I________there several years ago.‎ A.are going B.had been C.went D.have been ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗句中ago是一般过去时的标志。‎ ‎〖07全国Ⅱ〗—Tom, you didn’t come to the party last night? ‎—I ________, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do. A.had to B.didn’t C.was going to D.wouldn’t ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗have to不得不, be going to do sth.表示按计划或安排要做某事。根据but可知, 此处应选择C项。‎ ‎〖07全国Ⅰ〗The flowers were so lovely that they________in no time. A.sold B.had been sold C.were sold D.would sell ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查动词的时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗由“were so...”可知此处用一般过去时态；flowers应该是“被卖光”, 故用被动形式。‎ ‎〖07全国Ⅱ〗—Is there anything wrong, Bob? You look sad. ‎—Oh, nothing much.In fact, I _______of my friends back home. A.have just thought B.was just thinking ‎ C.would just think D.will just be thinking ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查动词的时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗“你现在看起来很伤心”, 表示你在说话之前的表情, 因此此处应用过去进行时态。‎ ‎〖07北京〗I got caught in the rain and my suit________. A.has ruined B.had ruined C.has been ruined D.had been ruined ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态和语态。‎ ‎〖解析〗ruin表示的动作发生在got caught之后, 故排除B、D两项。此处表示被动, 所以C项正确。‎ ‎〖07北京〗—It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home. ‎—Oh, don’t mention it. I________past your house anyway. A.was coming B.will come C.had come D.have come ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查动词的时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为： “你让我搭便车回家真是太好了。” “噢, 不用客气, 反正我当时正好经过你家。”此处用过去进行时表示过去某个时间内正在进行的动作。‎ ‎〖07北京〗—How can I apply for an online course? ‎—Just fill out this form and we________what we can do for you. A.see B.are seeing C.have seen D.will see ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗此处为 “祈使句+and+陈述句”结构, 在and之后的句子常用一般将来时态。‎ ‎〖07上海〗With the help of high technology, more and more new substances________in the past years. A.discovered B.have discovered C.had been discovered D.have been discovered ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态和语态。‎ ‎〖解析〗in/during the past years所在句子要用现在完成时态, substances是 “被发现”, 故用被动形式。‎ ‎〖07上海〗—Did you tidy your room? ‎—No, I was going to tidy my room but I_______visitors. A.had B.have C.have had D.will have ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查动词的时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗由“Did”和“was going to”可知是过去发生的事情。‎ ‎〖07安徽〗They became friends again that day. Until then, they________to each other for nearly two years.‎ A.didn’t speak B.hadn’t spoken C.haven’t spoken D.haven’t been speaking ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗到过去某个时间为止所完成的动作用过去完成时态。‎ ‎〖07江西〗—I have got a headache. ‎—No wonder. You ________in front of that computer too long. A.work B.are working C.have been working D.worked ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查动词的时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗由“I have got a headache”可知, 空处应用现在完成进行时表示动作“从过去开始持续至今且还会进行下去”, 体现过去开始的动作对现在的影响及结果。‎ ‎〖07湖南〗Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she _______English for a year. A.studies B.studied C.is studying D.has been studying ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查动词的时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为：Cathy正在Sunshine School的课堂上记语法规则的笔记, 她已在那儿学了一年英语。此处应用现在完成进行时态, 表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作, 还有可能持续下去。‎ ‎〖07陕西〗I ________there little more than a week when I set to work with the scientist. A.would be B.have been C.had been D.will be ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查动词的时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗when引导时间状语从句, 从句用了一般过去时态, 而主句be there动作应发生在set之前, 即过去的过去, 故应用过去完成时态。‎ ‎〖07四川〗—Did you see a man in black pass by just now? ‎—No, sir. I________a newspaper. A.read B.was reading C.would read D.am reading ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查动词的时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗由just now判断应用过去时态, 又由语境 “穿黑衣服的人路过时, 我正在看报, 所以没看见他”知空处要用过去进行时。‎ ‎〖07重庆〗—Did Alan enjoy seeing his old friends yesterday? ‎—Yes, he did.He________his old friends for a long time. A.didn’t see B.wouldn’t see C.hasn’t seen D.hadn’t seen ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查动词的时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗for a long time与完成时连用, 且前一句中用一般过去时, 因此此处应用过去完成时态。‎ ‎〖07重庆〗When I called you this morning, nobody answered the phone.Where________? A.did you go B.have you gone C.were you D.had you been ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗this morning为确切的表示过去的时间状语, 因此应用一般过去时。A项表示动作, 而此处应表状态, 故C项正确。‎ ‎〖07福建〗Danny ________hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. A.works B.is working C.has worked D.worked ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查动词的时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为“丹尼努力工作来实现他的梦想, 现在, 他大受欢迎了。”work动作从过去开始, 延续到现在, 故应用现在完成时。‎ ‎〖07福建〗—I saw Jane and her boyfriend in the park at eight yesterday evening. ‎—Impossible.She________TV with me in my home then. A.watched B.had watched C.would watch D.was watching ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为： “我昨晚8点钟在公园看见简和她男朋友了！” “不可能。她当时正在我家和我一起看电视。”此处时间状语为then, 指的是at eight yesterday evening, 指过去某一时间点正在进行的动作, 故应用过去进行时态。‎ ‎〖07辽宁〗—Have you handed in your schoolwork yet? ‎—Yes, I have.I guess it________now. A.has graded B.is graded C.is being graded D.is grading ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态和语态。‎ ‎〖解析〗由now可知应用进行时态；作业是被打分数（评阅）, 故应用被动语态形式。‎ ‎〖07江苏〗At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement________. A.has been reached B.had been reached C.has reached D.had reached ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查动词的时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗 “达成协议”的动作发生在was announced之前, 故用过去完成时。‎ ‎〖07江苏〗—________you ________him around the museum yet? ‎—Yes.We had a great time there. A.Have; shown B.Do; show C.Had; shown D.Did; show ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查动词时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗此处表示说话者询问对方 “有没有带领他参观博物馆”的结果, 故用现在完成时。‎ ‎〖07浙江〗Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where ____ yet.  ‎ ‎  A. hasn’t been decided B. haven’t decided C. isn’t being decided D. aren’t decided ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查主谓一致及动词的时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗根据句意，此处应用被动语态，不用主动语态，故排除B；又因为when and where表示单数意义，故排除D；再根据句末的yet可知，最好用现在完成时，故选A最佳。‎ ‎〖07江西〗—Ouch! You hurt me! ‎—I am sorry. But I ________any harm. I________to drive a rat out. A.didn’t mean; tried B.don’t mean; am trying C.haven’t meant; tried D.didn’t mean; was trying ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗由语境可知第一个空用didn’t mean, 表示 “不是故意做了某事”；第二个空用过去进行时,‎ ‎ 表示当时正在进行的动作。‎ ‎〖07湖南〗As the years passed, many occasions—birthdays, awards, graduations—________with Dad’s flowers.‎ A.are marked B.were marked C.have marked D.had marked ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态和语态。‎ ‎〖解析〗as从句用一般过去时态, 主从句时态应一致。‎ ‎〖07辽宁〗—Has your father returned from Africa yet? ‎—Yes, but he________here for only three days before his company sent him to Australia. A.was B.has been C.will be D.would be ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查动词时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗由句中的sent可知此处应用一般过去时, 强调事情发生在过去。‎ ‎〖06全国Ⅰ〗The house belongs to my aunt but she ________here any more. A.hasn’t lived B.didn’t live C.hadn’t lived  D.doesn’t live ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查动词的时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为：这所房子是我阿姨的, 但她（现在）不住这儿了。指的是现在的居住情况, 故D项符合。‎ ‎〖06全国Ⅱ〗John, a friend of mine, who got married only last week, spent $ 3, 000 more than he ________for the wedding. A.will plan B.has planned C.would plan D.had planned ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查动词的时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗plan表示的动作发生在spend这一过去动作之前, 故应该用过去完成时。句意为：我的朋友约翰上周结婚了, 婚礼花去了3 000美元, 超过了原计划。‎ ‎〖06北京〗—________leave at the end of this month. ‎— I don’t think you should do that until ________another job. A.I’m going to;you’d found B.I’m going to;you’ve found C.I’ll;you’ll find D.I’ll;you’d find ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查动词的时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗be going to do sth.按计划将要做某事。此句意为:我打算在这个月末离开。——我认为在你没有找到另一份工作之前你不应该离开。‎ ‎〖06辽宁〗The father as well as his three children________skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter. A.is going B.go C.goes D.are going ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查动词的时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗as well as+n./pron.短语结构不影响句子的主谓关系, 即句子的主语应是the father；由every Sunday afternoon in winter可知应用一般现在时态。‎ ‎〖06辽宁〗I think it is necessary for my 19-year-old son to have his own mobile phone, for I sometimes want to make sure if he________home for dinner. A.come B.comes C.has come D.will come ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查动词的时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗根据句意, 应用will come表将来。‎ ‎〖06浙江〗My friend, who ________on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month. A.served B.is serving C.had served D.has served ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查动词的时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗根据时间状语all his life判断, 此处应用完成时态。根据主句的谓语动词is retiring知, 应用现在完成时态。‎ ‎〖06福建〗Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts.The plane________. A.takes off B.is taking off C.has taken off D.took off ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查动词的时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗动词go, come, leave及词组take off等用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。‎ ‎〖06湖南〗In a room above the store, where a party________, some workers were busily setting the table. A.was to be held B.has been held C.will be held D.is being held ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查动词的时态与语态。‎ ‎〖解析〗根据 “some workers were busily setting the table”判断, 聚会还没举行, 应用将来时态, 且整个句子用 了过去时, 故用过去将来时态。‎ ‎〖06湖北〗I won’t tell the student the answer to the math problem until he________on it for more than an hour. A.has been working B.will have worked ‎ C.will have been working D.had worked ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗主句为一般将来时态, 时间状语从句需用一般现在时或现在完成时, 因此选A项.‎ ‎〖06重庆〗I have to go to work by taxi because my car________at the garage. A.will be repaired  B.is repaired C.is being repaired D.has been repaired ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查动词的时态与语态。‎ ‎〖解析〗根据句意 “我不得不乘出租车去上班, 因为我的车正在修理厂修理。”可知此处应用现在进行时的被动语态。‎ ‎〖06重庆〗I ________in London for many years, but I’ve never regretted my final decision to move back to China.‎ A.lived B.was living C.have lived D.had lived ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查动词的时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗根据后一句判断, 我已回中国了, 因此在伦敦住了多年是过去的事了, 故用过去时态。‎ ‎〖06山东〗Although the causes of cancer________, we do not yet have any practical way to prevent it. A.are being uncovered B.have been uncovering C.are uncovering D.have uncovered ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态和语态。‎ ‎〖解析〗由后半句的not yet可知, uncover这一动作仍在进行中, 而uncover与the cause of cancer构成逻辑上的动宾关系, 所以uncover须用被动语态。‎ ‎〖06北京〗 — Your job________open for your return.— Thanks. A.will be kept B.will keep C.had kept D.had been kept ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态和语态。‎ ‎〖解析〗keep the job/the position open使工作、职位等处于空缺状态, 由句意 “随时欢迎你回来工作”可知用将来时。‎ ‎〖06北京〗— Where did you put the keys of the car? ‎— Oh, I ________I put them on the chair because the phone rang as I________in. A.remembered;come B.remembered;was coming C.remember;come D.remember;was coming ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查动词时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗remember是说话者说话时的思维活动, 应用一般现在时。remember宾语从句的内容发生在以前, 故用过去时态。‎ ‎〖06辽宁〗It is said that the early European playing cards_____for entertainment and education.‎ A.were being designed B.have designed C.have been designed D.were designed ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态和语态。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为：据说早期欧洲的扑克牌是为娱乐和教育的目的而设计的。很明显应用一般过去时态。‎ ‎〖06浙江〗This machine________.It hasn’t worked for years. A.didn’t work B.wasn’t working C.doesn’t work D.isn’t working ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查动词的时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗根据第二句可知, 这台机器已经多年不转了, 由此判断前一句是说这台机器目前的状况, 应用一般现在时态。一般现在时可用来表示现在时刻存在着的状态, 而且这种状态带有一定的持续性。‎ ‎〖06福建〗The moment the 28th Olympic Games________open, the whole world cheered. A.declared B.have been declared C.have declared D.were declared ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查时态和语态。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为：宣布第28届奥运会开幕的那一刻, 世界人民沸腾了。the 28th Olympic ‎ Games作主语, 因此用被动语态；declare是状语从句的谓语, 故用过去时态。‎ ‎〖06湖南〗I was giving a talk to a large group of people, the same talk I_______to half a dozen other groups. A.was giving B.am giving C.had given D.have given ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查时态的用法。‎ ‎〖解析〗解析因前一句的时态是过去时, 而我给其他六个组做报告发生在给许多人做报告之前, 故用过去完成时态。‎ ‎〖06重庆〗Isn’t it time you got down to ________the papers? A.mark B.be marked C.being marked D.marking ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查动词短语及非谓动词的用法。‎ ‎〖解析〗get down to “着手干某事”。to为介词, 因此后面应接名词和 动名词。‎ ‎〖06山东〗Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to________since the flood hit the area last Friday. A.have been missing B.have got lost C.be missing D.get lost ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查动词的时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗由句意可知 “失踪”这一动作仍在持续中, 故须用进行时态；又由since知应用完成时态。‎ ‎〖06江苏〗Although medical science ________control over several dangerous diseases, what worries us is that some of them are returning. A.achieved B.has achieved C.will achieve D.had achieved ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查动词的时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗本句是以一般现在时为基础, 可由 “worries”推出, 故D项首先排除。由句意 “尽管医学已经成功控制了几种危险的疾病, 但令我们担忧的是, 有些疾病正在发生反弹”可知 “achieve”动作先于 “worries”动作发生并对其造成影响, 故应采用现在完成时。‎ ‎〖06陕西〗The construction of the two new railway lines________by now. A.has completed B.have completed ‎ C.have been completed D.has been completed ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查时态和语态。‎ ‎〖解析〗从by now这个时间状语来看, 应用现在完成时；从文意来看, 应用被动语态；从主谓一致来看, 主语是the construction, 谓语动词应使用单数形式。‎ ‎〖06江西〗My cousin went to Canada two years ago.He________there for a few months and then went to America.‎ A.worked B.would work C.would be working D.has been working ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查一般过去时的基本用法。‎ ‎〖解析〗句中并列连词and连接两个发生在过去的顺承的动作, 时态应该一致。‎ ‎〖06江苏〗— I don’t suppose the police know who did it. ‎— Well, surprisingly they do.A man has been arrested and ________now. A.has been questioned B.is being questioned C.is questioning D.has questioned ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查动词的时态和语态。‎ ‎〖解析〗根据句中的时间状语now提示, 此处应用一般现在时或现在进行时, 故排除A、D两项；由 “a man”与 “question”之间存在被动关系可知, 此处应用被动语态, 故B项现在进行时的被动语态最为符合。‎ ‎〖06广东〗The young girl sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous. She ________ before.‎ A.hasn’t flown B.didn’t fly C.hadn’t flown D.wasn’t flying ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查动词的时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗hadn’t flown动作发生在was nervous之前。‎ ‎〖06四川〗Look at the timetable.Hurry up! Flight 4026________off at 18:20. A.takes B.took C.will be taken D.has taken ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查动词的时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗飞机、火车等按时刻表运行, 表达时用一般现在时表将来。‎ ‎〖06陕西〗—You look very tired. ________well last night? ‎—No, not really.I’m tired out now. A.Do you sleep B.Were you sleeping C.Did you sleep D.Had you slept ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗从题中的last night可知空处应使用一般过去时态。‎ ‎〖05全国I〗—What would you do if it________tomorrow ?     —We have to carry it on , since we’ve got everything ready .  A. rain   B. rains  C. will rain   D. is raining ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗检查考生对状语从句中时态的掌握和运用能力。‎ ‎〖解析〗在状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来, it 是第三人称单数, 动词后加s。 〖05全国I〗The hero’s story ______differently in the newspapers.  A. was reported  B. was reporting  C. reports   D. reported ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗检查考生对被动语态和时态的掌握和运用能力。‎ ‎〖解析〗这句话的意思是：这个英雄的故事在报纸上报道的不同。 〖05全国I〗The coffee is wonderful ! It doesn’t taste like anything I _____ before .  A. was having  B. have  C. have ever had   D. had ever had ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗检查考生对时态的掌握和运用能力。‎ ‎〖解析〗根据这句话的意思以及后面的副词before可知是对现在造成的影响, 用现在完成时。 〖05全国III〗Listen to the two girls by the window. What language ___________?  A. did they speak   B. were they speaking   C. are they speaking   D. have they been speaking 〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗根据Listen to…可知, speak 这一动作正在进行。‎ ‎〖05全国III〗－Did you tell Julia about the result?  ‎ ‎－Oh, no, I forgot. I ________ her now.  A. will be calling  B. will call  C. call  D. am to call ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗表示临时的决定, 要用“will+动词原形”。另外某些短暂性动词(尤其是表示位置移动的短暂性动词)有时还可以用现在进行时表示将来意义。‎ ‎〖05北京〗He _________ more that 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15.    A. has learned   B. would have learned  C. learned   D. had learned 〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗因为上大学是过去, 学了五千个英语单词是在上大学之前, 即“过去的过去”, 所以用过去完成时。‎ ‎〖05北京〗Scientists think that the continents __________ always where they _________ today.   A. aren’t; are  B. aren’t; were    C. weren’t; are   D. weren’t; were 〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意是：科学家认为各大陆并非一直在它们现在所处的位置。既然过去的位置与现在的位置不同, 所以谈论过去情况用一般过去时。‎ ‎〖05北京〗As soon as he comes back, I’ll tell him when __________ and see him.    A. you will come  B. will you come   C. you come   D. do you come 〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗when 引导的是宾语从句, 不是状语从句。‎ ‎〖05北京〗– Why did you leave that position?     -- I __________ a better position at IBM.     A. offer  B. offered     C. am offered   D. was offered 〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗我与提供（offer）之间为被动关系, 且动作发生在过去。故使用一般过去时的被动语态。‎ ‎〖05广东〗Years ago we didn't know this, but recent science ____ that people who don't sleep well soon get ill.     A. showed        B. has shown         C. will show          D. is showing 〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗由表示对照的Years ago和recent可知, “以前不知”, 但“现在已经证明了”, 所以用现在完成时。‎ ‎〖05广东〗The policeman's attention was suddenly caught by a small box which ______ placed under the Minister's car.   A. has been             B. was being         C. had been          D. would be 〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗因为这个小盒子“被放在部长车下”发生在“引起警察注意”之前, 即“过去的过去”, 所以用过去完成时。‎ ‎〖05湖北〗When the old man ______ to walk back to his house ,the sun _____ itself behind the mountain.  A. started ;had already hidden  B. had started ;had already hidden C. had started ;was hiding     D. was starting; hid 〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查动词时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗主句的动作在前, 从句的动作在后, 从句中谓语动词 started to walk back表示过去时间点, 因此主句的动作应用过去完成时。‎ ‎〖05湖北〗He was hoping to go abroad but his parents ______ that they won’t support him unless he can borrow money from the bank. A. were deciding   B. have decided   C. decided   D. will decide ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗have decided现在完成时表示父母已经决定了。因宾语从句中的时态是一般将来时, 主句中的谓语动词不可能是过去时态, 排除选项A和C；由语境判断, 不是“将要决定”, 而是“现在已经决定”, 所以排除D, 而选B ‎〖05福建〗Father _________for London on business upon my arrival, so I didn’t see him. ‎ A. has left B. left C. was leaving D. had left ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗根据“我没见到他”可知, “在我到达”前“父亲已经去伦敦”了, 即父亲去伦敦发生在“过去的过去”, 故用过去完成时。‎ ‎〖05湖南〗– If the traffic hadn't been so heavy, I could have been hack by 6 o'clock.    -- What a pity! Tina _____ here to see you. A. is           B. was        C. would be     D. has been 〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗尽管上面一句用的是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气, 但后面一句谈的却是发生在过去的一件真实情况, 故用一般过去时。‎ ‎〖05江苏〗They _______ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we ________ it as no good results have come out so far. A. had been working; are still working    B. had worked; were still working C. have been working; have worked     D. have worked; are still working 〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗此题考查的是时态问题。从before引导的从句中的过去时态可知主句的时态应为过去完成时。故排除C、D。now一词提示用现在进行时, 表示“他们一直工作了一周”, 强调动作的连续。‎ ‎〖05江西〗—Hurry up ! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate .     —Oh ! I thought they  _______without me .  A. went   B. are going   C. have gone   D. had gone 〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗因为thought(原以为)用的是过去时, 所以他们“走了”就是“过去的过去”, 故用过去完成时。‎ ‎〖05上海〗More than a dozen students in that school _______ around to study medicine last year. A. sent    B. were sent  C. had sent  D. had been sent ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗last year表示过去, 再者主语是复数形式。‎ ‎〖05上海〗At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and _______ down to eat our picnic lunch. A. sitting     B. having sat  C. to sit  D. sat 〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗由句中的 and 可知, 此句为并列结构, 且空格处填 sat, 与其前的谓语动词 found 并列。 〖05浙江〗My brother is an actor. He _________ in several films so far.  A. appears  B. appeared   C. has appeared       D. is appearing 〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗so far(到目前为止)通常与现在完成时连用。‎ ‎〖05浙江〗—Are you still busy? —Yes, I _________ my work, and it won’t take long.  A. just finish  B. am just finishing   C. have just finished   D. am just going to finish ‎ ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗由it won’t take long可知即将做完了, 用现在进行时表示即将发生的事；选项D表示“正打算做完”, 与句意不符。‎ ‎〖05山东〗With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ______ each year. ‎ A. is washing away        B. is being washed away C. are washing away       D. are being washed away ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态和主谓一致。‎ ‎〖解析〗本题考查了两个知识点。其一是主谓一致：根据quantity的用法, quantities of +复数名词, a quantity of +单数名词, 故排除 A、B项；其二考查了语态, 土壤是被冲走的, 故选择D。‎ ‎〖05山东〗The country life he was used to _________ greatly since 1992.‎ A. change B. has changed C. changing  D. have changed ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗since 1992这类时间状语通常与现在完成时连用。主句主语是the country life, 句中he was used to是省略了关系代词that的定语从句。‎ ‎〖05重庆〗— What’s wrong with your coat? — Just now when I wanted to get off the bus, the man next to me ____ on it. A. sat          B. had sat      C. had been sitting      D. was sitting 〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查时态的运用。‎ ‎〖解析〗〗指在过去的某个时间点 when I wanted to get off the bus正在发生的事情, 运用过去进行时态。 意思是：我要下车的时候, 边上的那个人正坐在我的外套上。‎ ‎〖05重庆〗— What are you going to do this afternoon? — I am going to die cinema with some friends. The film_____ quite early, so we____  to the bookstore after that. A. finished; are going      B. finished ; go  C. finishes; are going      D. finishes; go 〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗由问句和答语I am going…可知, 要用将来时态, 排除选项A和B；电影的开始和结束是电影院在时刻表中已有的计划, 用一般现在时表示, 而表示最近的打算或安排, 则可用现在进行时表示。‎ ‎〖05重庆〗Millions of pounds' worth of damage _____ by a storm which swept across the north of England last nigh A. has been caused   B. had been caused  C. will be caused   D. will have been caused ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗“storm”后的定语从句有明确的时间状语“last night”, 故主语时态应确定为完成时, 但D项为将来完成时, 显然与语境不符。B项为过去完成时, 但本句强调昨晚发生的风暴对现在的影响。‎ ‎〖05天津〗By the time Jane gets home, her aunt _______for London to attend a meeting. A. will leave     B. leaves           C. will have left    D. left 〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗by短语常与完成时连用, 这里面的gets home是用现在表将亚, 实际上是指明一个将亚的时间, 不失为主句用将亚完成时。意思是：到jane到农的时候, 她的姑姑已经离开家去伦敦参加一个会议了。‎ ‎〖05安徽〗The manager had fallen asleep where he ______, without undressing. A. was laying     B. was lying        C. had laid        D. had lied 〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为：经理没脱衣服, 就在他躺着的地方睡着了。A正在放置；C已经放置；D已说谎。‎ ‎〖05辽宁〗Susan decided not to work on the program at home because she didn’t want her parents to know what she __________.  A. has done B. had done  C. was doing  D. is doing 〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗用过去进行时表示过去正在进行的动作。因 decided 和didn’t want 都是过去式, 排除选项A和D；因“做”发生在“决定”之后, 而不是之前, 故不能用过去完成时, 排除选项B。‎ ‎〖05辽宁〗Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _______ the Pacific, and we met no storms. A. was called   B. is called  C. had been called  D. has been called 〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗虽然航海发生在过去, 但是海洋的名称不会因此而变化, 所以要用一般现在时。‎ ‎〖05天津〗They have a good knowledge of English but little _______they know about German.    A. have            B. did               C. had              D. do 〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态和倒装。‎ ‎〖解析〗考查倒装句型. little 是否定词, 放句首, 谓语部分倒装, 借助于助动词do. 故选答案D.‎ ‎〖05湖南〗Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasn't stopped ringing. People _____ to ask      how I am going to spend the money. A. phone  B. will phone    C. were phoning  D. are phoning 〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗指赢大奖以来近阶段正在发生的事, 用现在进行时。‎ ‎〖04全国Ⅰ〗—Has Sam finished his homework today? ‎ ‎—I have no idea. He ____ it this morning. ‎ A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗该题根据交际情景考查动词时态的用法。第一句问今天做完作业没有, 问结果；他今天早晨（过去某段时间内）还在做（正在进行的动作）应当用过去进行时态。句意：“萨姆今天做完作业了吗？”“我不知道。他今天早晨还在做呢。”‎ ‎〖04全国Ⅰ〗Sarah, hurry up! I’m afraid you can’t have time to________before the party.‎ ‎ A.get changed B.get change C.get changing D.getting change ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗检查考生动词的语态的掌握和运用能力。‎ ‎〖解析〗get+过去分词。此句为 “get”型被动, get changed 的含义为“换衣服”。同样的情况还有：get dressed, get killed, get burned等。‎ ‎〖04全国Ⅰ〗Let’s keep to the point or we ________any decisions.‎ A.will never reach B.have never reached C.never reach D.never reached ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查特定句式结构里面时态的运用。‎ ‎〖解析〗 “祈使句+or(or else/otherwise)+分句”句式结构, 在or(or else/otherwise)后面的分句里面常用一般将来时, 其他三个选项都不符合这一句式的时态要求。再如: Get up early tomorrow and you will see him.‎ ‎〖04全国I〗My mind wasn't on what he was saying so I'm afraid I ______ half of it. A. was missing B. had missed C. will miss D. missed ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗根据语境不难看出空格处用一般过去时态表过去的客观事实, ‎ 和前半句构成逻辑上的因果关系。译文：我的注意力没有放在他的讲话上, 恐怕漏过了一半内容。‎ ‎〖04全国I〗—The window is dirty. — I know. It ________ for weeks. A. hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗该题是根据交际情景中考查动词时态与语态。‎ ‎〖解析〗关键词for weeks, 考虑现在完成时, 表示到目前为止的结果, 好几周不擦了；窗户与擦的关系是被动关系, 故被动语态。句意；“窗户很脏了。”“我知道。好几周没有擦了。” 注：由终止性动词leave, arrive, come, go, return, begin, start, put, stop, start, put, stop, die, fall, buy, borrow, see等构成的完成时不能与for或since引导的时间状语连用。但这些终止性动词的否定式可以与for或since短语连用。如：I haven’t met him for two years.‎ ‎〖04全国II〗I ________ you not to move my dictionary—now I can’t find it. A. asked B. ask C. was asking D. had asked ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗由now可知前句的意思是：我曾经叫你不要搬动我的词典的 (你偏不听)。“叫”是在过去发生的动作, 用一般过去时。‎ ‎〖04全国II〗According to the art dealer, the painting _____ to go for at least a million dollars.‎ A. is expected B. expects C. expected D. is expecting ‎ ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗此句中the painting和谓语expect为被动关系, 句意为：据那位艺术品经营商讲, 这幅画有望增值至少一百万美元。类似的结构有：It’s said’/reported/known/understood…that从句, 有消息说, 有报道, 不言而喻等。同义转换为sth. is said/ reported/known+不定式。例如：It’s said that she has been studying abroad for two years.=She is said to have been studying abroad for two years. It’s reported that Jay Zhou is reported to hold a solo concert in Beijing next month.‎ ‎〖04全国III〗---Thank goodness, you’re here! What ______ you? ‎ ‎ ---Traffic jam. ‎ A. keeps            B. is keeping       C. had kept       D. kept ‎ ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗根据第一句, “交通阻止对方按时到达”这个动作已经发生；C项无参照时间, 应排除。‎ ‎〖04北京〗— What’s the terrible noise？— The neighbours ____ for a party. A. have prepared B. are preparing C. prepare D. will prepare ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗上下文语境告诉我们是讲现在正在发生的事。‎ ‎〖04福建〗—You were out when I dropped in at your house.‎ ‎—Oh, I ____ for a friend from England at the airport. ‎ A. was waiting B. had waited C. am waiting D. have waited ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗该题是根据交际情景考查动词时态的用法。‎ ‎〖解析〗该题是强调在过去某一时间（你来我家时）正在进行的动作（在机场等人）, 用过去进行时。句意：“我顺路去你家时, 你不在家。”“啊, （那个时候）我在机场等从英国来的朋友。”‎ ‎〖04上海〗The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people ____ to eat more fruit and vegetables.‎ A. persuaded B. will persuade C . be persuaded D. are persuaded ‎ ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗结合时态对考生进行考查语态。‎ ‎〖解析〗根据选项中persuade这个词是及物动词这一点, 就可以排除A和B, 因为我们经常说persuade sb, to do sth然而题干中没有它的宣宾语, 所以应该用被动语态。主句为将来时, if从句应该用现在时表示将来。‎ ‎〖04广东〗All the employees except the manager ____ to work online at home.‎ A.encourages B. encourage C. is encouraged D. are encouraged ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态和主谓一致。‎ ‎〖解析〗主语是all the employees(复数) , 而不是the manager, 排除答案A和C；又因all the employees与encourage是被动关系, 要用被动语态, 排除B, 故选D。‎ ‎〖04北京〗The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics _____by 2006.‎ A. has been completed B. has completed ‎ C. will have been completed D. will have completed ‎ ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗结合语境, 应用被动形式；by 2006说明该动作现在尚未结束。‎ ‎〖04北京〗 Now that she is out of a job, Lucy ____going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.‎ A. had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider ‎ ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗根据but she hasn’t decided yet (尚未决定) 可知, 从开始失业时起一直在考虑再去上学, 现在还在考虑。表示从过去某一时刻开始一直到现在, 并且现在依然在发生的动作, 用现在完成进行时, 现在完成进行时由“have/has been doing”构成, 所以选B。‎ ‎〖04天津〗― What were you doing when Tony phoned you?‎ ‎ ― I had just finished my work and _____to take a shower. ‎ A. had started       B. started        C. have started    D. was starting ‎ ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗过去进行时在此表示过去准备要做的事。句意为：(Tony给我打电话时)我刚好做完工作, 准备去冲凉。‎ ‎〖04江苏〗Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people ____ to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.‎ A. begin B. began C. have begun D. had begun ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗when引导的是一个非限制性定语从句, when指20世纪90年代初, 当然用一般过去时。‎ ‎〖04北京〗—What’s that terrible noise? —The neighbors ________ for a party. A. have prepared B. are preparing C. prepare D. will prepare 〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗由What’s=What is可知, 现在在出声音；进而知道“邻居们正在为一个晚会作准备”, 所以用现在进行时态。再说, 已经准备好了或者将作准备, 我们不可能听得到声音, 问句也就不成立了, 排除A和D。‎ ‎〖04北京〗The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, ________ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck. A. was B. were C. had been D. would be 〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗此题考查主谓一致和动词的时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时, 谓语动词与前面的主语一致。即与the teacher保持一致, 由此可以排除B；因事情发生在地震的时候, 谓语动词应用过去进行时。故答案为A项。‎ ‎〖04辽宁〗It is said in the book that Thomas Edison (1847—1931) ________ the world-leading inventor for sixty years. A. would be B. has been C. had been D. was 〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗根据括号内的1847—1931可知, 此处应填过去时态；另外, 由于没有另一个过去的时间或动作与之比较, ‎ 故不能用过去完成时, 即只能选D。‎ ‎〖04江苏〗More patients ______ in hospital this year than last year. ‎ ‎    A. treated                   B. have treated  C. had been treated  D. have been treated ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗语境侧重表示被动意义和现在的状况。‎ ‎〖04浙江〗The discussion ______ alive when an interesting topic was brought in.‎ A. was coming B. had come C. has come D. came ‎ ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗由when…was brought in可知, come也是过去发生的事, 用一般过去时。句意是：当引入一个有趣的话题时, 那场讨论又变得活跃起来。‎ ‎〖04浙江〗Because the shop _____, all the T-shirts are sold at half price.‎ A. has closed down B. closed down C. is closing down D. had closed down ‎ ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗现在进行时态表示将要发生的动作：商店关闭。‎ ‎〖04福建〗She has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book ____ 50 million.‎ A. have reached B. has reached C. are reaching D. had reached ‎ ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗因为that is意为“换句话说, 即 (=in other words, which means)”, 而前句中的谓语has set是现在完成时, 后一句的谓语动词也应用现在完成时, 排除C和D；又因主语the sales是复数, 选出正确答案A。‎ ‎〖04湖北〗He kept looking at her, wondering whether he ____ her somewhere.‎ A. saw B. has seen C. sees D. had seen ‎ ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗因为由语境可知, see应当发生在kept looking之前, 即过去的过去, 所以用过去完成时, 只有D正确。‎ ‎〖04湖北〗— George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?‎ ‎—No, I ___. Did they have a big wedding? ‎ A. was not invited B. have not been invited C. hadn’t been invited D. didn’t invite ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗没有被邀请发生在George and Lucy举行婚礼之前, 即过去的过去。‎ ‎〖04湖南〗Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _____ advertisements showing happy families.‎ A. will often see B. often see C. are often seeing D. have often seen ‎ ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗这是“祈使句+and +陈述句”句型, 祈使句相当于一个条件状语从句, and后的陈述句的谓语用一般将来时, 这是一个较为固定的句型。‎ ‎〖04湖南〗--- I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday.‎ ‎   ---- Ob, how nice! Do you know when she ______ ? ‎ A. was leaving        B. had left     C. has left         D. left ‎ ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗left是发生在过去的一个动作, 与上文呼应。‎ ‎〖04重庆〗The crazy fans ____ patiently for two hours, and they would wait till the movie star arrived.‎ A. were waiting B. had been waiting C. had waited D. would wait ‎ ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗因为would wait是过去将来时, 可见此事发生在过去, 再结合for two hours可知, wait这个动作是从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻, 并且还在等, 一直要等到那位影星到来, 所以用过去完成进行时：had been doing, 因此选B。‎ ‎〖04重庆〗She ______her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Chongqing for a better job. ‎ A. would change   B. has changed     C. changed         D. was changing ‎ ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗由came可知, 她已来重庆了, 而改变发型是在来重庆之前, 即过去的过去, 按理要用过去完成时, 但before已经表明紧接着发生的先后两个动作, 所以也可用一般过去时, 所以选C。‎ ‎〖04上海〗The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power _____ increased enormously ever since. ‎ A. is B. was C. has been D. had been ‎ ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗ever since暗示应用现在进行时态。‎ ‎〖04上海春〗Although he has lived with us for years, he _______us much impression.‎ ‎ A. hadn’t left B. didn’t leave C. doesn’t leave D. hasn’t left ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为“尽管他和我们生活了好多年, 但没给我们留下多少印象”。根据前句中的现在完成时可知, 下句是强调的现在的状态, 因此用一般现在时。‎ ‎〖03 NMET〗Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? It will ________ fresh for several days. A. be stayed   B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed 〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗stay是系动词不能用被动语态, 故排除A；系动词一般不用于进行时(feel除外), 故排除C；stay为非延续性动词, 不能与表示一段时间的状语连用, 故排除D。句意为“你为什么不把肉放在冰箱里呢？那样会保质好几天”。‎ ‎〖04北京春〗How can you possibly miss the news? It ________ on TV all day long. A. has been B. had been C. was D. will be 〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗根据句中all day long来判断, 此句是强调播放新闻对现在的影响, 故用现在完成时。意为“你怎么可能没看到新闻？整天都在播放”。‎ ‎〖04北京春〗－Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on. －Where was I? －You ________ you didn’t like your father’s job. A. had said B. said C. were saying       D. had been saying 〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗用过去进行时态表示过去某一特定时刻正在进行的动作。此处是指“我”的话在被打断前正在谈论的情况。句意为“对不起打断你的话, 请继续”。“我说哪儿了？”“你在说你不喜欢你父亲的工作”。‎ ‎〖04北京春〗I arrived late; I ________ the road to be so icy. A. wouldn’t expect 　　 B. haven’t expected C. hadn’t expected                 D. wasn’t expecting 〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗由I arrived late可知是过去的情况。I haddn’t expected表示过去没有料到。句意为“我迟到了。我没料到路面结冰”。‎ ‎〖04北京春〗I ________ while reading the English textbook. Luckily, my roommate woke me up in time! ‎ A. had fallen asleep B. have fallen asleep C. fell asleep D. fall asleep 〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗while 从句用过去进行时, 主句用过去时, 表示在某个动作的持续过程中, 发生过某事。句意为“我在读英语课本时睡着了。幸亏我的室友及时叫醒了我”。‎ ‎〖03 NMET〗All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness ______.‎ A. has grown B. is growing C. grew D. had grown ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗her nervousness（紧张）伴随waited（等）的过程而产生, 因此grow与waited同时发生, 时态一致, 都用一般过去时。‎ ‎〖03上海春〗By the end of last year, another new gymnasium ___ in Beijing. A. would be completed B. was being completed ‎ C. has been completed D. had been completed ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗by the end of last year常与过去完成时连用, 表示到过去某个时候前已经完成的动作。‎ ‎〖02 NMET〗I wonder why Jenny ____us recently. We should have heard from her by now. A. hasn’t written B. doesn’t write C. won’t write D. hadn’t written ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗由句中的recently和by now两个提示可知此句用现在完成时。We should have heard from her by now.的意思是“目前我们本应该收到她的信了”。‎ ‎〖02 NMET〗--You haven't said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it ? ---I'm sorry I ______ anything about it sooner. I certainly think it's pretty on you. A.wasn't saying B. don't say C.won't say D. didn't say ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗由于在上句中既使用了现在完成时, 又使用了一般现在时, 使一些考生产生了误解。现在完成时表示过去发生的事对现在造成的影响, 过去没有对新大衣进行评价, 造成的影响是对方不知道究竟对新大衣是什么看法, 所以“没有说”要用一般过去时。sooner表示“快, 早”, 不表示将来, 所以不能用won't say。‎ ‎〖02 NMET〗---You haven't said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it ? ---I'm sorry I ______ anything about it sooner. I certainly think it's pretty on you. A.wasn't saying B. don't say C.won't say D. didn't say ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗‎ ‎〖解析〗由于在上句中既使用了现在完成时, 又使用了一般现在时, 使一些考生产生了误解。现在完成时表示过去发生的事对现在造成的影响, 过去没有对新大衣进行评价, 造成的影响是对方不知道究竟对新大衣是什么看法, 所以“没有说”要用一般过去时。sooner表示“快, 早”, 不表示将来, 所以不能用won't say。‎ ‎〖01NMET〗Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _____ so rapidly.‎ ‎ A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗此题考查现在进行时态的用法 ‎〖解析〗句意为“选择一部移动电话不是一件容易的事, 因为科技发展得十分迅速。”本句的主句一般现在时表达的是目前的情况, 而“科技发展迅速”也是现阶段正存在的一种状态, 不是在过去, 也不是在将来, 因此只能用现在进行时表达。‎ ‎〖01 NMET〗I______ ping-pong quite well, but I haven't had time to play since the new year. A.will play B.have played C.played D.play 〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗该题考查动词时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗but后的并列分句用现在完成时的否定式表示到现在为止未完成的动作, 由此可推断出前一个并列分句表示的是经常性或习惯性的动作, 须用一般现在时, 故答案为D。又如：He swims very well in the river but he hasn't swum recendy。他在河里游得很好, 但是他近来却没有游过泳。 〖01NMET〗Visitors_______ not to touch the exhibits A.will request B.request C.are requesting D.are requested ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗该题考查时态和语态。‎ ‎〖解析〗题干所表示的是经常性的动作须用一般现在时, 主语是谓语动作的承受者须用被动语态, 所以答案选D。空白后的not to touch the exhibits是不定式的否定式在句中作主语补足语。例如：All the students are requested to take the physical training course for two years in the university.在大学里要求所有的学生上二年体育课。 〖00NMET〗—You’ve left the light on. 　—Oh, so I have. ________and turn it off. 　　A. I’ll go B. I’ve gone 　 C. I go D. I’m going ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗该题命题意图是考查考生在特定的语境中使用正确的时态和情态手段的能力。第一个会话者向对方指出灯还亮着, 答语so I have说明第二个会话者承认这一事实。我们根据空白后并列的谓语turn it off的语境可以判断出, 最佳答案为A。从现在开始将要发生的动作应用一般将来时I'll go同时涉及到时间关系和说话人的态度（情态）：（1）表示将要去做某事。（2）表示愿意去做某事。‎ ‎〖00NMET〗---How are you today ? ---Oh, I _____ as ill as I do now for a very long time. A.didn't feel B.wasn't feeling C.don't feel D.haven't felt ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗该题考查动词时态的实际运用。‎ ‎〖解析〗第一个会话者向对方询问健康状况, 由第二个会话者说的for along time这一时间状语可以确定, 答语的主句为现在完成时的“未完成”用法, 它指开始于过去持续到现在的动作或情况。比较状语从句中的谓语动词do是动词性替代, 代替前边的feel ill, 是拿现在以前的病情和现在相比。该句的意思是“我好长时间都没有感到病得象现在这样厉害了”, 答案选D。例如：I haven't studied as hard as do now for three years. 三年来我学习从来没有象现在这样努力。英美人在实际生活中使用某种时态有时是表达某种态度或感情, 又如:I have never read such an exciting novel.我从未看过这样令人激动的小说。 You are always smoking.你总是在抽烟。‎ ‎〖00NMET〗The repoter said that the UFO_____ east to west when he saw it. A.was travelling B.travelled C.had been travelling D.was to travel ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗该题考查动词时态。‎ ‎〖解析〗四个选项均为不同的动词时态形式, 由宾语从句中的时间状语when he saw it判断, 表示过去某个时刻或时候正在进行的动作应用过去进行时, 故答案选A。例如：When Prof. White came into the classroom, the students were doing their homework. ‎ 十年高考【2000-2010】英语分类汇编----动词时态和语态 知识清单 内容解读 ‎1．高考考查的八种动词时态是：①一般现在时；②一般过去时；③一般将来时；④现在进行时；⑤过去进行时；⑥现在完成时；⑦过去完成时；⑧过去将来时。‎ ‎2．容易混淆的三组动词时态是：①一般过去时和现在完成时；②一般过去时和过去完成时；③‎ 过去完成时与现在完成时。‎ ‎3．各种时态及含情态动词的被动形式和应用。‎ 能力解读 ‎1．了解动词时态的时、体概念；‎ ‎2．了解常考八种时态的基本用法并能够在真实的情景中恰当使用八种时态进行交际；‎ ‎3．能够区别容易混淆的时态的用法；‎ ‎4．掌握各种时态及含情态动词的被动语态的形式和应用；‎ ‎①分清动词的词性，熟悉并掌握常见的不及物动词happen, take place, occur, exist 等，它们不能用被动语态；‎ ‎② 分清主语与谓语之间的关系；‎ ‎③ 变被动语态的动词一般为及物动词，但有些不及物动词与介词所形成的短语动词也可有被动形式，此时，变被动语态后介词不能丢；‎ ‎④ 熟悉并掌握主动形式表被动意义的情况。‎ 规律方法 ‎1．试题的立意由简单直接的“结构立意”（如状语从句、宾语从句等）转向了“情景立意”。试题创设的语境明确，交际情景（对话形式占有一定比例）多是发生在学生学习或日常生活中的真实情况。这样的情景设置实质上是对语法知识、语义理解和语言交际能力的综合考查，体现了高考试题由“知识立意”向“能力立意”转变人命题原则。‎ ‎2．题干中的有效信息由“外显的”转向“隐藏的”。‎ ‎3．试题的设问多以中学生普遍感到难以把握的几组时态来相互干扰。‎ 命题趋势 毫无疑问，对于动词时态的考查仍交进高考的测试重点。试题将继续呈现“情景立意”和“能力立意”的原则，即在考查固定句式中的时态和语态的同时，注重在上下文中考查时态和语态，注重在语境中考查时态和语态。‎ 突破方法 ‎1．学习动词的时态和语态时，切不可脱离实际运用的语言，一味死记硬背语法规则的条条框框。了解了八种时态的一些常见规则之后，要留心以英语为母语者在实际生活中是如何使用各种时态的语态的。其实，教材中每单元第一课的情景对话，是领司时态用法真谛的最佳语言材料。‎ ‎2．答题时，研读题干，搜索出尽可能多的“时间参照信息”，尤其是动词冗余信息中的时间信息。如第10题目中的haven’t said, Do, I’m, sooner, think, it’s 等，这些表达中都含有时间信息，发现和有效利用这些信息是解决问题的关键。‎ ‎3．解决时态和语态问题，要遵循如下解题思路：‎ ‎① 这个动作可能发生在什么时间？题干句中可参照的时间信息有哪些？‎ ‎② 这个动作处于什么状态，高考资源网是进行中，还是已结束（完成）？限制或修饰这个动作的状语信息有哪些？‎ ‎（第4题中的rapidly 是个很关键的信息词）‎ ‎③ 这个动作与主语的关系，是主动还是被动？‎ 只要全面细致地考虑了这些问题的答案，试题的正确答案也就水落石出了。‎ 知识清单 清单一 动词的时态 一、时态的概念 时态是一种动词形式，它是“时”和“体”的组合。“时”有现在、过去、将来、过去将来之分；“体”有一般、进行、完成、完成进行之别。动词的动作可发生于四种不同的时间，表现四种不同的“体”，每一种“时+体”就构成一种时态。所以英语动词共有（4×4）十六种时态，高中英语教学大纳中要求掌握的只有八种：一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成时，过去完成时，过去将来时。另外现在完成进行时，过去完成进行时和将来完成时也比较常用。‎ 二、一般体、进行体、完成体的含义 一向指某动作既不正在进行又不确定完成与否的一种广泛意义上的方式。进行指一种持续性的、未完成的动作。动词的进行时还伴有其他一些意义，如：有限度的延续性、感情色彩、同时性、描述的生动性、强调性等。完成则表示动作发生在某个时间以前，但动作发生的时间总是未经明确指出的。通过例句体会它们的含义差别：‎ The teacher writes his own notes. （现在习续性动作）‎ The teacher is writing his notes now. （暂时的还在进行的动作）‎ The teacher has already written his notes. （现在已经完成的动作）‎ Xiao Wang comes late often. （现在经常性的动作）‎ Xiao Wang is always coming late. （带有不满的色彩）‎ I read a book yesterday evening. （在过去时间的动作）‎ I was reading a book yesterday evening. （过去时间未完成的持续动作）‎ I have read the book. （现在已经读完那本书了）‎ She is always finding fault with others. 她总是挑剔别人的毛病。‎ He is constantly leaving things about. 他总是丢三拉四。‎ I am hoping you can come and have supper with us. 我正希望您能来和我们一起吃晚饭。（比如I hope…语气更委婉）‎ She has been saying that twenty times. 这话她已经说了20遍。‎ 三、一般过去时和现在完成时的用法区别 ‎1．一般过去时所表示的一个或一段过去时间是可以具体确定的，与其他时间没有牵连。它所表示的事情纯属过去与现在情况没有联系。现在完成时表示的事情发生在不能具体指出的现在以前的过去产某个或某段时间。它所表示的事情与现www.ks5u.com在情况有关系，是过去事情在现在产生的结果或对现在的影响。‎ ‎2．一般过去时常用的状语有yesterday, last night, two days (months, weeks) ago, at that time 等；现在完成时常用的状语有already, just (刚刚), yet, never, before ‎ 等；表示从过去延续到现在并包括现在在内的一段时间状语有：today, now, lately, recently, in the last / past few days / years (在过去的这几天/年里)。since then, up to now, so far (至今)等。‎ ‎3．比较下面几组句子，体会两种时态的不同：‎ He served in the army from 1952 to 1954. （这是过去的一件事）‎ He has served in the army for 5 years. （现在他仍在军中服役，他是个军人）‎ He wrote many plays when he was at college. ‎ 他上大学的时候，写了许多剧本。（写剧本是他过去的事）‎ He has written many plays. ‎ 他写了许多部剧本。（这意味着他是剧作家）‎ I saw Hero last year. ‎ 去年我看了《英雄》这部电影。（看《英雄》的时间是去年，与现在时间无关）‎ I have seen Hero before. 高.考.资.源.网 我以前看过《英雄》这部电影。（强调现在还知道这部电影的内容。以前看过，但“以前”是表示一个与现在有联系的过去时间，而不是一个确定的与现在无关的过去时间。）‎ 四、一般过去时和过去完成时的用法区别 ‎1．一般过去时是对现在说话时刻而言的，过去完成时则是对过去某一时刻而言。两种时态建立的时间参照点不同，对过去完成时来说，这一个时间参照点十分重要，它是过去完成概念赖以建立的基础，也是和一般过去时相区别的重要标准。‎ ‎2．过去完成时的时间状语常用by 和before 引导的短语表示，如by that time, by the end of…, before 2000, by the time +句子等。高.考.资.源.网 五、过去完成时与现在完成时的用法区别 ‎1．两种时态都常与一段时间和状语连用，但现在完成时表示的是延续到现在或同现在有关的动作（句中不可有表示过去特定时间的状语），而过去完成时表示的是在过去某时之前已经完成或延续到过去某时的劝作（句中有表示过去特定时间的状语）。‎ ‎2．比较下面的说法 She had been ill for a week before she came back. ‎ 她在回来之前就生病一个星期了。（回来发生在过去某一时间，发病发生在过去的过去）‎ She has been ill for a week. ‎ 她生病一个星期了。（现在仍在生病）‎ 六、动词时态的一些典型用法 ‎1．在if, unless, even if 引导的条件状语从句中，在when, before, until (till), as soon as, the moment, once 引导的时间状语从句中，在no matter what /who / which / when / where / how 或whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however 引导的让步状语从句中，如果主句是将来时（往往出现will / shall / can / must ‎ ）或主句是祈使句，从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。如：‎ ‎① I’ll go with you as soon as I finish my work. ‎ ‎② The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she arrives. ‎ ‎③ — Can I join your club, Dad ?‎ ‎— You can when you get a bit older.‎ ‎④ If city noises are not kept from increasing, people will have to shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. ‎ ‎⑤ Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.‎ ‎2．would 与used to ‎ ‎① would 与used to 都可用来表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作，常常可以换用。如：‎ When we were boys we used to / would go swimming every summer. ‎ 小时候，每天夏天我们都要去游泳。‎ He used to . would spend every penny he earned on books. ‎ 过去他通常把挣来的钱全花在买书了。‎ ‎② would 之后要接表示动作的动词，不接表示认识或状态的动词，而used to 则无此限制。如：‎ I used to like football when I was at middle school. ‎ He used to be nervous in the exam.‎ ‎③ would 表示反复发生的动作。如果某一动作没有反复性，就不能用would, 只能用used to。如：‎ And from that day on, as soon as the table was cleared and the dishes were gone, Mother would disappear into he sewing room to practice. ‎ 从那天起，只要碗盘撤掉、饭桌清理干净，妈妈就马上躲进做针线活的房间练习起来。（具有反复性）‎ I used to live in Beijing. 我过去住在北京。（没有反复性）‎ ‎④ used to 表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作或状态，现在已经结束（含有较强的“今非昔比”的意思），would 则只表示说话者对过去一种回想心情，有可能再发生。如：‎ People used to believe that the earth was flat. ‎ 过去，人们总以为地球是扁平的。（现在已不再这样认为）‎ He would go to the park as soon as he was free.‎ 过去他一有空就去公园。（现在有可能再去）‎ ‎3．be +动词不定式 ‎① 表示按计划或安排要做的事。例如：‎ When are you to leave for two days to New York ?‎ 你什么时候去纽约？‎ She is to get married next month. 她下个月结婚。‎ 这种结构也可用于过去。was / were to do sth. 表示曾经计划要做某事，但不表明计划是否被执行，或表示“命运（即使中注定要发生的事）”，而非计划；was / were to have done sth. 表示未曾实现的计划。例如：‎ I felt excited because I was soon to leave home for the first time. ‎ 我感到很激动，因为我很快就要首次离开家了。‎ We were to have told you, but you were not in. ‎ 我们本来想告诉你的，但是你不在家。‎ ‎② 表示“指令”，相当于should, ought to, must, have to。例如：‎ You are to report to the police. 你应该报警。‎ What is to be done ? 应该怎么办呢？‎ This medicine is to be taken three times a day. 这种药一天要服三次。‎ The books in this room are not to be taken outside. (The books in this room mustn’t be taken outside.) 这个室内的书籍不得带出室外。‎ ‎③ 表示“想，打算”，相当于intend, want。例如：‎ If we are to be there before ten, we’ll have to go now. ‎ 如果我们想在十点前到，我们现在就得走。‎ ‎④ 用于第一人称疑问句，表示征求对方意见。例如：‎ Am I to go on with the work ? 要我继续这项工作吗？‎ What are we to do next ? 我们下一步该怎么办？‎ ‎⑤ 在与be 连用的结构中，see, find, congratulate 的不定式被动式有特殊的用法。例如：‎ The news is to be found in the evening paper. 这条消息可以在晚报上见到。‎ He is nowhere to be seen. 在哪里也见不到他。‎ You are to be congratulated. 应当向您表示祝贺。高.考.资.源.网 ‎4．瞬间动词又叫非延续性动词，还叫终止性动词。瞬间动词可以有现在完成时态，但不可以接一段时间，若要接一段时间，须要做一些相应的变换。瞬间动词在完成时态中的否定式可以接一段时间。‎ ‎× He has come to Beijing since last year. ‎ ‎√ He has lived in Beijing since last year. ‎ ‎× He has joined the army for 3 years. ‎ ‎√ He has served in the army for 3 years. ‎ ‎√ He joined the army 3 years ago. ‎ ‎√ He has been a soldier for 3 years. ‎ ‎√ It is 3 years since he joined the army. ‎ ‎√ He has joined the army. 他已参军了。‎ 常见的瞬间动词有：come, go, get to / reach / arrive at, leave, buy, sell, open, close, get up, join /take part in, begin ‎ /start, return / give, borrow / lend, become / turn, bring /take, give, die, finish /end, receive /hear from, marry, break, lose, jump 等。‎ ‎5．语境中的过去时，往往表示“刚才，刚刚”之意，暗示现在已“不再这样”。如：‎ ‎① — Come on in, Peter. I want to show you something. ‎ ‎— Oh, how nice of you ! I never thought you were going to bring me a gift. ‎ ‎② Your phone number again ? I didn’t quite catch it. ‎ ‎③ — Nancy is not coming tonight. ‎ ‎— But she promised !‎ ‎6．表示愿望、打算一类的词，如：hope, expect, mean, intend, want, think, suppose, want 等，其过去完成时表示过去未增实现的愿望或意图。如：‎ I had hoped to see more of ShangHai. ‎ 我本希望在上海多看看。（但未能如愿）‎ I had meant to help you, but I was too busy at the moment. ‎ 我本想去帮你的，但当时确实太忙了。‎ I had thought you would come tomorrow. ‎ 我愿以来你明天才来呢。‎ ‎7．某些固定句式中的动词时态是固定的、约定俗成的。‎ ‎① This / It is the first / second…time + that 从句。that 从句一般用现在完成时，如果把前边的is 改为was，则that 从句用过去完成时。如：‎ This is the first time I have come here.‎ It was the third time (that) he had made the same mistake.‎ ‎② It is / has been + 一段时间 + since 从句。since 从句中用过去完成时。如：‎ It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time. ‎ ‎③ be about to do…when…意为“即将……（这时）突然……”。如：‎ I was about to go out when the telephone rang. ‎ ‎④ be (was /were) + doing… when… 意为“正在干……（这时）突然……”。如 They were reading when Tom shouted in pain. ‎ ‎⑤ Hardly had…done…when… ; No sooner had…done…than…‎ when 和than 从句里用一般过去时，表示“刚刚……就……”。如：‎ Hardly (No sooner) had I got home when (than) the rain poured down. ‎ 我刚到家大雨就倾盆而下。高.考.资.源.网 ‎⑥ It + be + 一段时间 + before 从句 这个句式分两种情况：如果主句用将来时，则从句用一般现在时表将来时，意为多长时间以后即将发生某事；如果主句用过去时，从句也用过去时，意为多长时间后发生了某事。如：‎ It won’t be long before he succeeds. ( = He will succeed soom.)‎ It was ten years before they met again. ( = They met again ten years later. )‎ ‎8．高考对于进行体的常考点 ‎① 一个长动作作为背景，被一个短动作打断，长动作往往用进行体，短动作用一般体。如：‎ My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. ‎ The students were writing busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she had left in the office. ‎ Tom slipped into the house when no one was looking. ‎ As she was reading the newspaper, Granny fell asleep. ‎ The reporter said that the UFO was traveling east to west when he saw it.‎ ‎② 表示动作的未完性、暂时性。如：‎ ‎— Have you moved into the new house ?‎ ‎— Not yet. The rooms are being painted. ‎ I don’t really work here; I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives. ‎ Shirley was writing a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it. ‎ Selecting a mobile phone for a personal use is no easy task because technology is changing so rapidly. ‎ ‎③ 表示计划、安排要做的事。如：‎ I’ve won a holiday for two days to Florida. I am taking my mum. ‎ ‎— What were you doing when Tony phoned you ?‎ ‎— I had just finished my work and was starting to take a shower. ‎ ‎④ 表示现在或当时发展中的或正在进行的情况。如：‎ I don’t think Jim saw me; he was just starting into space. ‎ I first met Lisa 3 years ago. She was working at a radio shop at the time.‎ ‎— Is this raincoat yours ? — No, mine is hanging there behind the door. ‎ ‎— Hey, look where you are going ! — Oh, I’m terribly sorry, I wasn’t noticing. ‎ 清单二 主动和被动 一、注意短语动词和含有情态动词的被动语态 That old man was often laughed at. ‎ 那位老人常受人嘲笑。‎ The doctor has been sent for. ‎ 已经派人请大夫去了。‎ Time must be made good use of. ‎ 时间一定要充分利用。‎ The plan will be given up. ‎ 那计划就要被放弃了。‎ Bad habits have been done away with. ‎ 坏习惯已经改掉了。‎ ‎（在被动结构中，切不可丢掉后面的介词或副词，关于这类及物性质的短语动词请看专题五）‎ He must be prevented from going. ‎ 必须阻止他去。‎ The plan ought to be put into practice as soon as possible. ‎ 计划必须尽早执行。‎ ‎（谓语结构是：情态动词+be +过去分词）‎ 二、get + 过去分词可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化，如：‎ She got married last week. 她上周结婚了。‎ The patient got treated once a week. 那位病菌人一周得到一次治疗。‎ He fell off the car and got killed. 他从车上摔下来，摔死了。‎ 三、主动形式表被动意义 ‎1．系动词look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep + 形容词/名词构成系表结构。如：‎ The steel feels cold. ‎ His plan proved (to be) practical. ‎ It has gone bad. 高.考.资.源.网高.考.资.源.网高.考.资.源.网高.考.资.源.网高.考.资.源.网 ‎2．表示开始、结束、运动的动词。如begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, shut, run, move 等。‎ Work began at 7 o’clock this morning. ‎ The shop closes at 6 p.m. every day. ‎ ‎3．表示主语的某种属性特征的动词。如read, write, act, iron, cut draw, drive, sell, wash, clean, wear, open, cook, lock, shut, dry, eat, drink。这类动词一般不单独使用，常用一个修饰语。如：‎ This coat dries easily. 这种外衣容易干。‎ Nylon cleans easily. 尼龙容易洗干净。‎ The door won’t lock. 这门锁不上。‎ Food can keep fresh in a fridge. 食物在冰箱里能保鲜。‎ Your speech reads well. 你的演说讲得好。‎ This material has worn thin. 这个材料已经磨薄了。‎ His book does not sell. 他的书没有销路。‎ Your pen writes smoothly. 你的笔好写。‎ This lock won’t catch. 这锁锁不上。‎ The match won’t catch. 火柴擦不着。‎ The plan worked out wonderfully. 这计划制定得很好。‎ The recorder won’t play. 这录音机不转。‎ The engine won’t start. 引擎发动不起来。‎ This knife cuts well. 这把刀子很快。‎ The cloth washes well. 这布很耐洗。‎ ‎4．少数动词用于进行时，其主动形式表示被动含义。如print, cook, fry, hang, build, make。 如：‎ The books are printing. 这本书正在排印中。‎ The neat is cooking. 肉在煮。‎ ‎5．介词in, on, under 等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义 表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之义，其意义相当于该名词相应的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。‎ 常见的有：under control (受控制)，under treatment (在治疗中)，under repair (在修理中)，under discussion (在讨论中)，under construction (在施工中)，beyond belief (令人难以置信)，beyond one’s reach (鞭长莫及)，beyond one’s control (无法控制)，beyond our hope (我们始料不及)，for sale (出售)，for rent (出租)，in print (在印刷中)，in sight (在视野范围内)，on sale (出售)，on show (展出)，on trial (受审)，out of control (控制不了)，out of sight (超出视线之外)，out of one’s reach (够不着)，out of fashion (不流行)。如：‎ The building is under construction (is being constructed).‎ The rumor is beyond belief ( = can’t be believed ).‎ His honest character is above all praise. ( = His honest character cannot be praised enough.)‎ That house is for sale. ( = That house is to be sold.) w。w。w.k。s。5。u.c。o。m The book is not yet in print ( = is not yet printed ).‎ Today some treasures are on show in the museum ( = are being showed).‎ The plane was out of control (can’t be controlled).‎ He took two days off within the teacher’s permission.‎ ‎6．不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：‎ fit, have, wish, cost, agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to 等。如：‎ This key just fits the lock. ‎ Your story agrees with what had already been heard.‎ 十年高考【2000-2010】英语分类汇编----时态和语态 考 点 解 析 ‎【考点定位】 2011考纲解读和近几年考点分布 高考研究动词的时态和语态是历年高考的重点，而且测试的难度也在逐年加大。应特别注意以下几点：要把握各种时态的特点，注意易混淆时态间的差异；准确理解具体语境下时态的正确意义，捕捉句子中所隐含的时间信息；要克服汉语式的惯性思维，排除误导，培养发散性思维。高考中常考的时态有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来进行时、现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时等等。学习时要注意总结规律，灵活使用，特别要注意一些时态的特殊用法。在单项填空题中，每年考查动词时态和语态的试题不少于2道，同时一般把动词的语态和时态放在一起考查。今后时态和语态还将是高考中的重点和难点所在。‎ ‎【考点pk】 名师考点透析 考点1 一般现在时与现在进行时 ‎ ‎1．一般现在时 [来源:学&科&网]‎ ‎（1）考查表示按时间表将要发生的动作或事件 ‎ 例1—Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 1026 _______ off at 18: 20. ‎ A. takes B. took C. will be taken D. has taken ‎ ‎【解析】飞机起非的时间是时间表上的安排，所以无论将来什么时候发生都用一般现在时，答案应是A。 ‎ ‎（2）考查表示特征、能力或现时的情况或状态 ‎ 例2 This machine _______. It hasn’t worked for years. ‎ A. didn’t work B. wasn’t working ‎ C. doesn’t work D. isn’t working ‎ ‎【解析】机器闲置了很多年，所以现在的状况也是不运转的，用一般现在时表示现时的状态，故答案为C。 ‎ 例3 The house belongs to my aunt but she _______ here any more.A. hasn’t lived B. didn’t live C. had lived D. doesn’t live ‎ ‎【解析】句中的谓语动词是现在时，故不住在这里也应该是现时的情况，答案应为D。 ‎ ‎（3）考查表示普遍真理、事实 ‎ 例4Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _______ the Pacific, and we met no storms. ‎ A. was called B. is called ‎ C. had been called D. has been called ‎ ‎【解析】尽管我们横渡太平洋是几个月前的事情，但是海洋的名称是存在的事实，所以用一般现在时，答案是B。 ‎ ‎2．现在进行时 ‎ ‎（1）考查表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事 ‎ 例5 I have to go to work by taxi because my car _______ at the garage. ‎ A. will be repaired B. is repaired ‎ C. is being repaired D. has been repaired ‎ ‎【解析】句中的谓语动词是现在时态，所以现在汽车正在被修理，故答案选C。 ‎ 例6Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasn’t stopped ringing. People _______ to ask how I am going to spend the money. ‎ A. phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning ‎ ‎【解析】因为我获了奖，所以这段时间老有人给我打电话怎样花这笔钱，答案应是D。 ‎ ‎（3）考查表示某个按最近的计划或安排将要进行的动作、即将开始或结束的动作 ‎ 常用的这类动词有：go, come, leave, arrive, land, meet, move, return, start, stay, stop, give, change, fly, work等。 ‎ 例7Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belt. The plane _______. ‎ A. takes off B. is taking off ‎ C. has taken off D. took off ‎ ‎【解析】答案是B。用进行时表示飞机即将起飞。 ‎ 从历届高考题可以看出，命题者在选项的设置中注重对一般现在时和现在进行时区别的考查。这两种时态的区别见下： ‎ 一般现在时：习惯性、永久性、客观事实 ‎ 现在进行时：暂时性、重复性、感情色彩 ‎ 考点2 一般过去时与过去进行时 ‎ ‎1．一般过去时 ‎ 主要考查表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况 ‎ 例8It’s said that the early European playing-cards ________ for entertainment and ‎ education. ‎ A. were being designed B. have designed ‎ C. have been designed D. were designed ‎ ‎【解析】句中的the early说明以前欧洲扑克牌的设计是为了娱乐和教育，用一般过去时说明过去某个特定时间发生的动作或情况，答案是D。 ‎ 例9My cousin went to Canada two years ago. He _______ there for a few months and then went to America. ‎ A. worked B. would work ‎ C. would be working D. has been working ‎ ‎【解析】此题中的two years ago说明是发生在过去的事情，所以答案是A。 ‎ ‎2．过去进行时 ‎ ‎（1）考查表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在发生的动作，强调未完成 ‎ 例10—Has Sam finished his homework today? ‎ ‎—I have no idea. He _______ it this morning. ‎ A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done ‎ ‎【解析】从对话中不知道Sam有没有完成作业，所以今天上午他正在做，正确答案为C。 ‎ ‎（2）考查表示过去某一时间将要发生的动作 ‎ 例11—What were you doing when Tony phoned you? ‎ ‎—I had just finished my work and _______ take a shower. A. had started B. started C. have started D. was starting ‎ ‎【解析】“我”刚刚完成手头的工作，将要去洗澡，所以答案是D。 ‎ 一般过去时与过去进行时的区别如下： ‎ 一般过去时：完成性 ‎ 过去进行时：未完成 ‎ 考点3 现成完成时与现在完成进行时 ‎ ‎1．现成完成时 ‎ ‎（1）考查表示所发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结果 ‎ 例12Although medical science _______ control over several dangerous diseases, what worries us is that some of them are returning. ‎ A. achieved B. has achieved C. will achieve D. had achieved ‎ ‎【解析】尽管句中未出现时间状语，我们从句意可以判断出医学已经控制住了一些危险的疾病，所以答案是B。 ‎ ‎（2）考查表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在的动作 ‎ 例13My friend, who _______ on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month. ‎ A. served B. is serving C. had served D. has served ‎ ‎【解析】此题中的时间状语all his life 说明我的朋友从过去到现在一直在奥委会工作，答案应是D。 ‎ 例14My brother is an actor. He _______ in several films so far. ‎ A. appears B. appeared C. has appeared D. is appearing ‎ ‎【解析】句中的时间状语so far和现在完成时连用，意为“到目前为止”，所以答案是C。 ‎ ‎2．现成完成进行时 ‎ 主要考查表示一个从过去某时开始发生，一直延续到现在并可能延续下去的动作。 ‎ 例15Now that she is out of a job, Lucy _______ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet. ‎ A. had considered B. has been considering ‎ C. consider D. is going to consider ‎ ‎【解析】因为失业，Lucy一直考虑重返校园，但是到现在还没做出决定,所以答案为B。 ‎ 现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别如下： ‎ 现在完成时：完成性　　　　　强调动作的结果 ‎ 现在完成进行时：未完成性　　动作在不久前持续进行的情景 ‎ 考点4 主动表示被动的三种情况 ‎ ‎1. 不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。 ‎ 常见动词是：cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep等。 ‎ ‎2. 一些连系动词的主动式＋形容词。 ‎ 常见动词是：look, smell, taste, sound, feel, prove, turn out等。 ‎ 请同学们看下面一道题： ‎ 例16The roast duck_______delicious and a lot_______in two hours. ‎ A. was tasted； was sold ‎ B. tasted； was sold ‎ C. was tasted； sold ‎ D. tasted； would sell ‎ ‎【解析】根据所给情景，taste应为连系动词，英语中连系动词不用被动语态，所以第一空填tasted，后半句意为“烤鸭两小时内被卖掉很多”，所以答案为B。 ‎ 上题可以变化如下： ‎ 例17The roast dark which Mr and Mrs White prepared_______well. ‎ A. soldB. had been sold ‎ C. was soldD. would sell ‎ ‎【解析】此题中sell表示“卖得……”，要用主动语态，根据prepared，答案为A。在英语里，wash, wear, write等词也用主动形式表示被动意思，如：This kind of shoes wear well.（这种鞋子很耐穿）。 ‎ ‎3. 五个“发生”： happen, take place, occur to, break out，come about等。 ‎ 例18is well known to everyone, the Olympic Games_______every four years. ‎ A. It; are heldB. As; take place ‎ C. That; happenD. As; break out ‎ ‎【解析】本题考查定语从句和表示“发生”等词的用法。A项it 不对，are held正确，改成以下句子正确：It is well known to everyone that the Olympic Games are held every four years. C、D项中That与break out不妥，B项中as引导的定语从句修饰the Olympic ... 整个句子，take place相当于are held，所以答案为B。‎ ‎【考点汇总】 知识点归纳小结 I.动词时态和语态的构成形式 主动语态的构成 一般现在时 一般过去时 do/does,( is/am/are )‎ did,(was/were)‎ 现在进行时 过去进行时 is/am/are doing was/were doing 现在完成时 过去完成时 has/have done had done 现在完成进行时 过去完成进行时 has/have been doing had been doing 一般将来时 过去将来时 will/shall do is/am/are going to do is/am/are（about）to do would/should do was/were going to do was/were（about）to do 被动语态的构成 一般现在时 一般过去时 is/am/are done was/were done 现在进行时 过去进行时 is/am/are being done was/were being done 现在完成时 过去完成时 has/have been done had been done 一般将来时 过去将来时 will/shall be done is/am/are going to be done is/am/are（about）to be done would/should be done was/were going to be done was/were（about）to be done II.动词时态的用法 ‎1.一般现在时 ‎①一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言，目前的特征、状态、能力等;‎ ‎②主句是一般将来时,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来;‎ I’ll go there after I finish my work.‎ If it rains tomorrow,I won’t go there.‎ ‎③在以here,there开头的句子里，go,come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作;‎ There goes the bell.铃响了。There comes the bus.汽车来了。Here she comes.她来了。‎ 注意：近几年，对一般现在时的考查常用过去时态或现在完成时态对考生进行干扰 Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across the open sea, which_____ the Pacific,and we met no storm.‎ A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called 虽然航海发生在过去，但是，海洋的名称不会因此而变化，所以要用一般现在时。‎ ‎2.现在进行时 ‎①表示正在进行的动作；‎ ‎②表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。‎ She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。‎ He is working as a teacher tomorrow.从明天起他要做老师。‎ My father is coming to see me this Saturday.这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。‎ ‎③代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。‎ The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.江水滚滚向东流。‎ The sun is rising in the east.太阳从东方冉冉升起。‎ ‎④与always, forever, constantly, continually连用，表示赞赏或厌恶等感情色彩，但并非强调动作正在进行；‎ ‎ He is always helping others.他总是肯帮助他人。‎ She is always forgetting something.她老是忘记某些事情。‎ ‎⑤大多数动词可用于进行时，但也有些动词不用于进行时。‎ 常见的有：‎ ‎▲感觉类：look, smell, feel, sound, taste, see, hear ‎▲情感类：like, love, prefer, admire, hate, fear ‎▲心态类：wish, hope, expect, want, need, believe, think, understand, agree, knowt ‎▲所有类：have, contain, won, hold, belong to等。‎ ‎3.现在完成时 ‎ ①表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，或说话时已完成的动作；‎ I have finished the report./ She has cleaned the room.‎ ‎ ②表示从过去开始，待续到现在的动作或状态，往往和“for...”, “since...”表述的一段时间状语连用；‎ He has learned English for six years./ They have worked here since they left college.‎ ‎③表示“曾经到过某地（人已回来）”用“have/has been to”；‎ 表示“到某地去了（还未回来）”用“have/has gone to”。‎ ‎—Where is Li Hua? －He has gone to the reading-room.‎ ‎—She knows a lot about Shanghai. －She has been there.‎ ‎④在时间状语从句,条件状语从句或让步状语从句中表达将来某时已经完成的动作。‎ When you have learned English, you will find it a bridge to so much knowledge. ‎ We’ll start at six if it has stopped raining by then.‎ 注意：这里的现在完成时强调从句动作在主句动作之前完成, 如果两个动作同时或几乎同时发生, 则不必用完成时；试比较： ‎ I’ll let you know as soon as I hear from her.‎ She will call you when she gets home.‎ ‎⑤短暂动词（即瞬间动词），join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry, finish,complete,begin,start,‎ break out等，在完成时态中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。‎ 要译“他参军已经三年了”不能说：He has joined the army three years.可采用：‎ ‎▲“ago法”：He joined the army three years ago.‎ ‎▲“延续法”：He has been in the army for three years.‎ ‎▲“since法”：It is/has been three years since he joined the army.‎ 注意：没有包括“现在”在内或不是截至“现在”为止的时间状语不能与现在完成时连用, 但“in（over） the ‎ past/last+时间段”要与现在完成时连用。‎ ‎4.现在完成进行时 ‎ ①用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在（或今后还要继续一去）的动作；‎ He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00.‎ ‎②凡是不能用于现在进行时的动词均不能用于现成完成进行时。‎ ‎5.一般过去时 ‎ ①表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况，或过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或为；‎ He often sang when he was a boy.‎ He went to the cinema last night with her boy friend.‎ ‎ ②用于I didn’t know…或I forgot…，表示事先不知道或不记得，但现在已知道或记得的事情。‎ ‎ 用于I didn’t know…或I forgot…，表示事先不知道或不记得，但现在已知道或记得的事情。‎ ‎ I didn’t know you were here.（现在已经知道）‎ Sorry, I forgot to bring my book.（“忘记带书”已成为过去的事了）‎ 这一用法考生要特别注意。‎ 注意：参看过去将来时的用法②。‎ ‎6.过去进行时 ‎①表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作（这一过去时间须用时间状语表示）；‎ He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.‎ ‎②表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行；‎ They were still working when I left.‎ ‎③用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生；‎ I was writing while he was watching TV.‎ ‎④过去计划、安排好的将来动作(只限于come, go, leave, arrive, start, move, sail, fly, travel, stay等）；‎ He said she was arriving the next day.‎ ‎⑤与always, forever, constantly, continually连用，表示赞赏或厌恶等感情色彩。‎ ‎（参看现在进行时的用法④）‎ Comrade Lei Feng was always thinking of others never thinking of himself.‎ ‎⑥过去进行时可用来描绘故事发行的背景。‎ The wind was blowing and it was raining hard.‎ ‎7.过去完成时 ‎ ①表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。‎ He had shut the door before the dog came up.‎ Everything had been all right up till this morning.‎ ‎ ②表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成，甚至还要继续下去。At the age of ten,he had learned 500 English words.He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.‎ ‎ ③过去未曾实现的意图、打算或希望(只限于think, want, plan, mean, intend, hope, expect, suppose，wish, want 等动词）。‎ I had wanted to pay a visit to you yesterday, but the rain prevented me.‎ 我本来想昨天拜访你的，但是下雨（让我不能来）。‎ ‎ 注意：‎ ‎▲过去完成时必须以过去某一时刻为基点，即“过去的过去”。因此只有在和过去某时或某动作相比较时才用到它；‎ ‎▲before, after本身表示时间的“前”“后”明显，因此可用一般过去时代替过去完成时。‎ He (had) left before I arrived.‎ ‎8.一般将来时 一般将来时有下列一些构成形式需要记住：‎ ‎ ▲will/shall do （侧重将来行为，不突出计划安排去做某事）‎ ‎ ▲be going to do (主观上打算或客观上可能发生)‎ ‎ ▲be doing (按计划将要发生，常和表示最近的将来时间连用)‎ ‎▲be about to do (按计划即将发生)‎ 一般将来时的用法：‎ ‎①现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态 Tom will come next week.‎ He will be here tomorrow.‎ ‎②事物的固有属性或必然趋势 Oil will float in water.‎ Fish will die without water.‎ ‎③对将来某个动作的安排、计划 ‎ He is going to speak on TV this evening.‎ ‎9.将来完成时 ‎ 用来表示在将来某个时刻（前）将完成的动作。常和by短语，when,before引起的时间状语连用。‎ We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.‎ ‎10.过去将来时 ‎①过去某一时刻后将要发生的过去动作或过去的意图打算(主要用于宾语从句中）；‎ She was sure she would succeed.‎ I thought you would come.‎ 把一般将来时中的助动词变成过去式，便成了过去将来时的表达形式。‎ ‎②表示过去经常发生的动作。‎ ‎ When he was young, he would go swimming.‎ 注意：would与used to的区别：would只表示过去，不涉及现在，而used to表示“过去常常”要与现在比较，即现在不是这样了。‎ ‎11.要求一定时态的固定的句型 ‎①was/were doing sth. when…did sth.(正在做某事，这时突然……)‎ I was reading a book when the bell rang.‎ ‎②was/were about to do sth. when…did sth. (正要做某事，这时突然……)‎ We were about to leave when the telephone rang.‎ ‎③It(This) is(will be ) the first/second/third…time+ that…‎ It’s the first time I’ve seen her.‎ We have been there three times.‎ 如果句中有比较确定的时间状语，则服从时间状语的要求。‎ Last year I saw him many times.‎ ‎④It is/has been… since…‎ It is (has been) two weeks since I came here.‎ She said it was five hours since she had finished her work.‎ ‎⑤Hardly… when…No sooner… than…‎ Hardly had we got in the crops when it began to rain.‎ I had no sooner come into the room than the door was closed. ‎ ‎⑥It(This) is(will be ) the first/second/third…time+ that…‎ This is the first time I have been here. ‎ It'll be the first time I've spoken in public. ‎ III.被动语态的用法 被动语态表示句子的主语是动作的承受者，也就是动作的对象，一般说来只有及物动词才有被动语态。其构成为"be+及物动词的过去分词"。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。含有情态动词的谓语变化为被动语态时，由"情态动词（can, may must, have to等）+be +动词的-ed形式。含有"be going to , be to, used to, be about to"等结构的复合谓语变为被动语态时，其构成为"be going to （be to, used to, be about to）+ be +动词的-ed形式"构成。‎ ‎1.被动语态的适用范围 ‎①当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。这时不用by短语。‎ This jacket is made of cotton. 这件上衣是棉料的。‎ ‎②为了强调动作的承受者时 ‎ Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 要求参观者不可触摸展品。‎ ‎③出于策略、委婉、礼貌等不提出动作的执行者 You are said to be active recently. 据说你最近很活跃。‎ 常用于如下句型：‎ It's not known that… ……不得而知 It's said that… 据说……‎ It's reported that… 据报道…… It's not decided that…尚未决定 It's believed that… 据认为…… It's announced that…据宣布……‎ ‎2.被动语态的句型 ‎①常见句式是：主语（受动者）＋be＋过去分词＋（by＋施动者）‎ He was scolded by the English teacher.‎ ‎②主语＋get＋过去分词＋其它成分 The boy got drowned last summer./ She got fired because of her faults.‎ 使用这种结构不能带有“by＋施动者”‎ 在现代英语中大量地出现了由"get+及物动词的过去分词"构成的被动语态，这就叫做get-型被动语态。get-型被动语态中的过去分词数量有限，通常为单个的动词或比较简单的动词短语。‎ ‎▲get+及物动词的过去分词 ‎ get常同marry, beat, break, damage, tear, strike, hurt, paint, invite, repair, dress, pay, wound等动词的-ed形 式连用，构成被动语态。这种结构一般指动作的结果而非动作本身，常指"最后终于，突然发生"等意 义。‎ He got wounded in the battle. 他在战斗中受伤了。‎ The boy got hurt on his way home from work. 男孩在回家的路上受伤了。‎ ‎▲get-型被动语态一般不宜用在含有双宾语的结构中，也不宜与see, hear, watch, listen to等感官动词构成被动语态。‎ The old man was offered a large sum of money. （正）有人给了这位老人一大笔钱。‎ The old man got offered a large sum of money. ( 误)‎ ‎▲get-型被动语态有时有言外之意或具有感情色彩 He got taught a lesson. 他被教训了一顿。（有“活该”之意）‎ How did the window get closed. 窗户怎么关上了？（有“不该关上’之意）‎ ‎▲get-型被动语态有时表示开始进入某种状态，而be+动词的-ed形式只表示存在的状态。‎ ‎ She got tired. 她感到累了。（有开始感到疲劳的含义）‎ She was tired. (只表示”她累了”)‎ ‎③带有双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的主动句变为动句，其主语可以是直接宾语，也可以是间接宾语。‎ She lent me a bike.®被动：▲I was lent a bike(by her).‎ ‎▲A bike was lent to me(by her).‎ ‎④情态动词＋be＋过去分词 This problem must be worked out in half an hour.‎ ‎ ⑤双重被动式：主语＋被动式谓语＋不定式的被动式＋其它成分 These magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading-room.‎ The murderer was ordered to be shot.‎ ‎3.主动表示被动的几种情况 ‎①不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态 常见动词是：cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等 This knife cuts well.这把刀好切。‎ These books sell well.这些书好卖。‎ The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写起来流畅。‎ Meat won’t keep long in such hot weather.肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。‎ The cloth washes well.这种布好洗。‎ ‎ ②一些连系动词的主动式＋形容词。常见动look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turn out等 The apples taste good.‎ The flower smells wonderful.‎ The news proved/turned out true Cotton feels soft.‎ ‎4.不可变为被动语态的几种情况 ‎ ①当句子的宾语是反身代词时(因为反身代词不可作主语)‎ He can dress himself. 他能自己穿衣服。不可变为Himself can be dressed by him.‎ ‎ ②当句子的宾语是相互代词时(因为相互代词不可作主语)‎ We help each other/one another.不可变为Each other/One another is helped by us.‎ ‎ ③动宾结构的固定短语只能用于主动式，不能用被动式 He lost heart.不可变为Heart was lost by him.‎ 类似lose heart词组的还有make a face,keep silence,keep words,lose in thought等等 ‎ ‎ ④take part in,belong to ,own,have,hate,fail,contain等表状态动词没有被动语态 She took part in the sports meet.不能变为The sports meet was taken part in by her.‎ ‎⑤当have, cost, fit, last, hold等表示状态的及物动词作谓语时 Our village has twenty tractors. 我们村有20台拖拉机。‎ The hall can hold 2000 people. 这个大厅能盛2000人 The war lasted four years. 这场战争持续了4年 ‎⑥当某些及物动词（如leave, enter, join,等）的宾语是表示处所、地点或组织时 The students entered the classroom one by one. 学生门陆续地进了教室。‎ My brother joined the Party two years ago. 我哥哥2年前入了党。‎ My father left his hometown five years ago. 我父亲5年前离开了家乡。‎ ‎⑦当句子的宾语是同源宾语时 The Browns live a happy life. 布朗一家过着幸福的生活。‎ ‎⑧当句子的宾语为行为者（主语）身体上某一部分时 I couldn't believe my eyes when I saw him still alive. 看到他还活着，我简直不相信自己的眼睛。‎ He hurt his foot by jumping over a fence. 他跨越栅栏时伤了脚。‎ ‎⑨当用非谓语动词作宾语时 He likes studying English. 他喜欢学习英语 ‎ I wish to go there myself. 我想亲自去那里一趟 注意：少数以不定式（短语）做宾语的动词（如agree, feel, decide, think等）可以变为被动句，但不能以不定式（短语）直接做被动句的主语，而要借助it为先行主语，将不定式（短语）置于谓语动词之后 He has decided to go and study abroad. ‎ ‎→It has been decided(by him)to go and study abroad. 他已决定出国留学。‎ ‎5.含有短语动词在被动语态中介词不能丢 ‎ Much attention must be paid to your handwriting.‎ ‎【考点前瞻】 高考展望及备考建议 随着高考命题改革的深入，命题的角度和思路都在翻新，但不管怎样变化，还是脱离不了词的基本词义、词与词在使用上的细微差别和基本的语法框架。通过对近几年高考时态和语态考点的分析、探究，可以看出高考对时态和语态的考查非常稳定，2011年时态和语态仍然是重点考查项目。另外，高考考点的“稳定性”告诉我们：高考英语命题有很强的规律性。在复习迎考过程中，一定要反复研究近几年高考试题，将高考热点落到实处，反复咀嚼，反复演练，确保精通。‎