2014年版高考英语It的用法语法精讲

2014年版高考英语It的用法语法精讲

It的用法 ‎"It" 用法及其句型和固定搭配，是高中英语语法的重点、难点，又是近几年高考的热点，因此应给予充分的重视，现将it用法归纳如下：‎ 一、It用作实词 表达以下概念:指代前文提到的事物，如前文中的this, that；替代前文中的内容；指代一位性别不明的小孩或未知的人；指代未指明但谈话双方都知道的那件事；指代时间、天气、气候、距离等自然现象…… ‎ 二、It用作形式主语 ‎ 替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。 ‎ It 作形式主语的常见句型： ‎ ‎1. 代作主语的动词不定式，其句型为: ‎ ‎(1) It be adj. (for sb.) to do sth. ‎ 此处adj. 通常为描述事件的形容词：easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible, impossible, likely, unlikely, right, wrong, important, unimportant, legal, illegal, well-mannered, ill-mannered, polite, impolite, clear, obvious, certain, suitable, proper, fit, useful, useless, dangerous… ‎ ‎ 例:  It is illegal (for a teenager) to drive a car without a license. ‎ ‎(2) It be adj. of sb. to do sth. ‎ 此处adj. 通常为描述人的形容词：kind, unkind, nice, rude, cruel, considerate, thoughtful, thoughtless, careful, careless, silly, foolish, stupid, clever, wise, crazy. ‎ 例:  It's kind of you to help me with the problem. ‎ ‎ (3) It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型: ‎ It's no good/use doing…                ‎ It's (well)worth doing…   ‎ It's (well)worth one's while doing/to do… ‎ It's (well)worth while doing/ to do       ‎ 例:  It's no use crying over spilt milk（覆水难收）. ‎ ‎2. It替代作主语的从句常见句型 ：‎ ‎(1) It is + noun +从句 ‎ 例:  It is no secret that the president wants to have a second term at office. ‎ ‎ (2) It is adj. +clause ‎ It's surprising that… (should)………竟然…… ‎ It's a pity/shame that…(should)………竟然……       ‎ 例:  It's important that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.(=It's of much importance that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.) ‎ ‎(3) It verb sb. + clause= It is v-ing + clause ‎ It+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze /bother/concern/frighten/please/anger sb. that… ‎ 例: It worried me that she drove so fast.(= It was worrying that she drove so fast.) ‎ ‎(4) It verb (to sb.) that…= sb/sth verb to do ‎ 例:  It (so) happened/chanced that they were out.(= They happened/chanced to be out.) ‎ ‎(5) It is v-ed that…=sb/sth is to do ‎ ‎ (verb=say, report, think, believe, hope, expect, agree, accept, decide, determine, intend, plan, understand, know） ‎ ‎ 例:  It is said that the couple have gotten divorced.(=The couple are said to have gotten divorced.) ‎ ‎ (6) It is v-ed that … (should)… ‎ ‎(verb=demand, request, require, order, suggest, advise, recommend ‎ ‎ 例  It is suggested that they should begin with the third question. ‎ ‎ 三、It作主语的句型 ‎ ‎1. It takes sb. … to do…(=sb takes…to do…)某人用多长时间做某事 ‎ 例:  It took the men a week to mend our roof.(= The men took a week to mend our roof.) ‎ ‎2. It's (just)(un)like sb. to do…（不）像某人做某事的风格 ‎ 例:  It was (just) like him to think of helping us. ‎ ‎3. It's (about/high) time that… should /v-ed…是该做某事的时候了 ‎ 例:  It's(about/high) time that we should take action. ‎ ‎4. It's the x-th time (that) … have v-ed…第几次做某事了 ‎ 例:  It's the third time that he has failed the driving test. ‎ ‎5. It is/has been… since …continuous v-ed(延续性动词) 某动作持续了多长时间 ‎ 例:  It's 10 years since he lived here ‎6. It was(not)… before…过(不)了多长时间某动作发生了 ‎ 例:  It was not long before they arrived. ‎ 四、It 作形式宾语 ‎ 用来替代作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。 ‎ It 作形式宾语的常见句型： ‎ ‎1. verb+ it+ adj./noun (for/of) to do/clause  (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep…) ‎ 例:  I think it hard for you to do the task on your own./I think it hard that you'll do the task on your own. ‎ ‎2. verb+it+adj./noun (one's) doing (adj.=useless/worth/worthwhile)(noun=no use/no good/worth one's while/a waste of time/money/energy/words) (verb=think, believe,suppose, consider, feel, make, keep…) ‎ 例:  I'll make it worth your while telling me about his secret. ‎ ‎3. verb+it+ important/unimportant/necessary/unnecessary/natural/essential that … (should)… ‎ verb+it+of much/great/no/little importance that…(should)… (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep…) ‎ 例:  I think it important that you (should) attend the conference. ‎ ‎4. verb + it+ as+ noun/adj.+ clause (verb=accept, regard, take, see, view) ‎ 例:  The lecturer takes it as encouraging when so many students attend his lecture. ‎ ‎5. v. +it + prep. + that… ‎ owe it to sb. that…把…归功于… ‎ leave it to sb that…把…留给某人去做 ‎ take it for granted that …想当然 ‎ keep it in mind that… ‎ 例:  Don't bother to arrange anything. Just leave it to me to sort out. ‎ ‎6. It用在不能直接跟宾语从句的动词后面，尤其是表示好恶的动词后，enjoy, like, love, dislike, resent, hate, don't mind, be fond of, feel like, see to  宾语从句紧跟it之后 ‎ 例:  I hate it you can swim so well and I can't. ‎ ‎7. It用在不能直接跟宾语从句的介词后面，宾语从句紧跟it之后（except that例外） ‎ 例:  I'm for it that you will follow their advice. ‎ ‎ ‎