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英语组2013高考复习定语从句专题
2013届英语高考复习语法讲义----定语从句专题 花擎 一.《考试说明》的内容及要求 定语从句在《考试说明》里被列在语法项目表主从复合句中,是学生必须掌握的一个语法项目,是语言知识考查的一个重点内容。 二.近五年安徽高考考点分布及命题趋势 考点 考查情况 as的用法 2012年第29题 where的用法 2011年第28题 whose的用法 2009年第27题 Whose的用法 2008年第26题 从近五年安徽高考看,定语从句考查比较频繁,直接体现在单选题中。同时,在完形和阅读文章中,往往会出现一些含有定语从句的复杂句式。只有掌握并理解定语从句,才能读懂文章中的这些句子。另外,在书面表达中,学生运用到的高级句式必然会涉及定语从句。未来高考也会保持这种考查形式。 三.一轮复习中存在的问题 定语从句几乎每年高考必考考点。从一轮复习看,大部分学生能够掌握定语从句的基本概念和结构。但是对于较复杂句式和较难的考点,比如where,as等词语的用法,学生往往容易犯错。特别是把定语从句与其他从句放一起考察时,学生不能够正确分析从句类型,从而出现引导词选择错误。另外学生在写作文时,不能够很好地融入定语从句,从而难以取得书面表达的高分。 四.教学重点与教学策略 鉴于定语从句在高考当中的重要性和学生中存在的问题,本专题的教学重点内容应该包括以下几个方面: 1. 区分关系代词和关系副词。 2. “介词+关系词”引导定语从句 3. whose的用法 4. 关系代词that和which的比较 5. 关系代词as的用法 6. 关系副词where的用法 7. 区分定语从句和其他句式 8. 特殊先行词way和time后的关系词 教学基本策略:以定语从句的基本概念为导入,重点是分考点讲解的基础上给学生练习,同时注重学生自己的总结和理解。 五.专题教学主要内容 I.定语从句的基本结构:名词(先行词) + 关系词 + 句子 (定语从句) 关系词通常有下列三个作用: 引导定语从句;2.代替先行词;3.在定语从句中担当一个成分。 指人:who, whom, that 关系代词(主语,宾语,表语,定语) 指物:which, that 关系词 某人的/某物的:whose 人或物:as 关系副词(状语):when, where, why,that 找出下列从句中的先行词以及它们在从句中做的成分。 1. The boy who is standing there is my cousin. 2. The boy (whom) you met yesterday is Tom. 3. The package (which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 4. They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 5. Great changes have taken place in China, as is known to all. 6. Mount Wuyi is such an attractive place of interest as everyone likes to visit. 7. Many people worry about the year 2012, when they think the earth will be destroyed. 8. I prefer a class where students work as a team. 9. Is this the reason why he refused our offer? 10. He has two strategies, neither of which seems to work very well. II.定语从句常见考点整理 考点一:关系代词和关系副词的区分 解题策略: 1)看懂句意,分析句子结构,确定定语从句部分和先行词部分(看先行词是人还是物,这样可排除错误选项); 2)确定从句时限制性还是非限制性定语从句(that不能引导非限制性定语从句,其他关系词都可以); 3)分析从句并根据从句句义确定从句中所缺的成分,选出适合的关系代词补全从句; 4)还原从句,把先行词放入定语从句中,确定从句结构及意义完整。 例:According to the research, shoppers, ________ purchased so much clothing, met the most problems. A. which B. that C. who D. whose 解析:先行词是shoppers,与从句的关系是shoppers purchased so much clothing ,在从句中作主语,答案为C。 Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, ____ it will keep for two or three weeks. A. when B. which C. where D. while 解析:定语从句it will keep for two or three weeks和先行词the refrigerator之间的关系应该是 it will keep for two or three weeks in the refrigerator。答案为C。 考点二:1.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。 介词后面的关系代词只能用which(指代物)或whom(指代人)。 ⑴ 如何确定“介词+关系代词”结构中的介词 方法一:根据定语从句中谓语动词的需要来确定介词。 This is the dictionary on which I spent 50 yuan. (spend…on) This is the dictionary for which I paid 50 yuan. (pay for) 方法二:根据定语从句所修饰的先行词的需要来确定介词。 I remember the day on which I joined the League.(on the day) I remember the years in which I stayed in the mountain village. (in the years) 方法三:根据定语从句句意的需要来确定介词。 The gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen. The gas in which fire can burn much better is called oxygen. (4)“介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词,有时数词或代词也可以放在“介词+关系代词”之后。 He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. =He loved his parents deeply, of whom both are very kind to him. (5)介词+which / whom+to do结构 I don't have enough money with which to buy such an expensive dress. =I don't have enough money with which I can buy such an expensive dress. (6)在非限制性定语从句中,which可作定语,指先行词(短语或句子)所表示的信息,形成“介词+which +名词”结构,相当于and in/at/during this/that+名词。 He was very ill, in which case(=and in this case)we sent him to hospital first. She lost her temper, at which point(=and at this point) I decided to go back home. Mike was a student at the university from 1998 to 2004, during which time(=and during that time) he studied very hard and was made chairman of the Students' Union. 考点三:whose的用法 1.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中作定语 Ancient Rome is a country whose culture influenced the western world for centuries. He has a friend, whose father is a doctor. 2.whose 和of which/ of whom相等吗? The classroom whose door (the door of which) is broken will soon be repaired. 注意:定语从句的主语是以下词语用of which/ whom: Some, many, few, little, much, most/ all ,both, neither, each, none/ 数量的词语 Here are many books, two of which/ of which two he borrowed. I bought him two pieces of clothing, neither of which / of which neither he likes 考点四:关系代词which和that的区别: 1.注意在下面几种情况下必须用that而不用which引导定语从句: ①先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等。 All that we have to do is to practise every day. ②先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰。 The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.This is the best film I’ve ever seen. ③先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修饰。 I have read all the books(that)you gave me. ④先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时 He is the only person that/(who) I want to talk to . ⑤先行词既有人又有物时 They talked of things and persons that they remembered. ⑥当句中已有which或who时,为避免重复 Which is the bike that you lost? Who is the man that is talking to John? ⑦当先行词在主句中作表语,而关系代词在从句中也作表语时 Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be. ⑧如有两个定语从句,其中一个关系词已用,则另一个用that. Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before. ⑨主句是there be 句型,修饰主语的定语从句用that There is a seat in the corner that is still available. 2. 只能用which的情况: ① 非限制性定语从句 There are many factories in Yaohai District, which produce a lot of pollution. ② 介词+which This is the house in which Shakespeare once lived. ③ 先行词本身就是that时 What’s that which flashed in the sky just now? ④ 指代句子内容时 He broke my cup, which made me angry. (注意:以上比较是在which和that之间的选择,不要误以为所有的关系词中非限制性定语从句只能用which。) 考点五:关系代词who和that的比较 都可以指代人,但是以下情况只能用who: ① 先行词是指人的不定代词,如:one, ones, anyone, no one, those ,all nobody ,anybody none等时. People all like those who have good manners. ② 在there be 句型中 There are some people who want to have holidays abroad. 考点六:as引导的定语从句: ①such……as; so……as; the same……as I like the same book as you do.(as作宾语) I shall do it in the same way as you did.(as作状语) I want to have such a dictionary as he has.(as作宾语); ②as引导非限定性定语从句。as在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语,这个定语从句说明整个句子,可以放在主句之前。例如: As we all know,he studies very hard.(as代表整个句子,作宾语) As is known to all,he is the best student in our class.(as代表整个句子,作主语) 常用的类似插入语的句式有as is said above,as is already mentioned above,as is known to all, as is expected, as it often happens, as it is,as is often the case,as is reported in the newspaper等。 ⑤ 关系代词which和as在定语从句中的区别是: ( 1 ) as 有“正如;就像”之意,而 which 没有; ( 2 ) as 引导的非限制性定语从句可置于句首句中或句末,而 which 只能置于句末; ( 3 )如果非限制性定语从句是否定句时,只能用 which 引导。 例如:He came here very late, which was unexpected (not expected). 考点七:与强调句型及其他句型的混合 1).The old building, behind _______ was a famous church, was _______ we used to work. A. that, the place B. it, the place C. which, where D. what, where 2).It is the playground _____ I picked up this wallet. A.which B.that C.from there D. where 3).It is on the playground _____ I picked up this wallet. A.which B.that C.from there D. where 答案: C D B 考点八:对关系副词where的特殊考查 1.当先行词为situation, case, stage, point,process,condition,position等,且关系词在定语从句中作状语,也要用关系副词where。 1).They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other. 2).I can think of many cases _______ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay. A. why B. which C. as D. where (D) 2.where在其他从句中的考查: That is where you are mistaken. You’d better make a mark where you have any questions. 注意:这里的where不能换成in which。 1).Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _____ sight matters more than hearing. 2).I can think of many cases _____ you know nothing about. 3).Put the book ______ it was. 4).We will see a case ________ music could cure people. 5)There is one point ________ we must clear at the conference tomorrow. 答案:1)where/ in which 2)which/ that/不填 3)where 4)where / in which 5) that/ which/不填 1. from where为介词+关系副词结构,也可以引导定语从句。 1)He was blown off course and found himself in an known land, from where he eventually reached Greenland. 2)He stood near the window, from where he could see the whole garden. 考点九:其他词语对先行词的干扰 1).She will never forget her stay there ________ she found her son who had gone missing two years before. (2009年四川) A. where B. which C. when D. who 解析:本题特别容易误选A。此题的先行词是her stay而不是there,因为定语从句修饰名词而there是副词。先行词和定语从句的关系为she found her lost son during her stay there.故答案为 C。 2).I met Mr. Tompson during his stay in Beijing, __________ he attended an important international conference there. A. when B. where C. in which D. which 解析:定语从句部分已经有地点there=in Beijing.故先行词应为his stay.答案为A。 考点十:定语从句与并列结构 He has two sons, neither of whom looks like him. He has two sons, and neither of them looks like him. 第一个句子为定语从句,关系代词whom指代two sons,在定语从名中介词of的宾语。 第二个句子为并列结构,由并列连词and连接,人称代词them指代two sons。 练习: 1) Sean got the first place, ___________ made his parents happy. 2) Sean got the first place, and _____________ made his parents happy. A. so B. which C. as D. this 答案: B D 考点十一:区分两种固定句式 1).Mary is so lovely a girl that everybody loves her. 2).Mary is so lovely a girl as everybody loves. such/so…as(定语从句);such/so…that…(状语从句)如此……以至于…… 练习:This is such an easy question ______ I can answer. This is such an easy question _______ I can answer it. 答案:as; that 3)This is the same book as he lent me last week.这和他上星期借给我的书一样。 4)This is the same book that he lent me last week.这是他上星期借给我的那本书。 the same…as…表示相似的东西,the same…that…表示同一人或物。 考点十二:way和time后接定语从句 1) 当先行词是way且在定语从句中表示“用……方式,方法”时,关系词有三种形式: What surprised me was the way in which/ that/ 不填 he said it. 试比较:The way _________he explained to us was quite simple. (which/ that/ 不填) The way _________he explained the sentence to us was quite simple. (in which/ that/ 不填) 2)先行词是time时,若time作“次数”讲,应用关系词that并且可以省略;time若为“一段时间”“时代”讲,应用关系词when或介词at/during+which。 This is the second time (that) the president has visited the country. I could hardly remember how many times (that )I have failed. There was a time when/ during which there were no radios, no telephones or no TV sets. 练习: 1).I don’t like the way ______ you laugh at her. 2).This is the second time _______ I have been there. 3).Can you still remember the time ________ we spent together in our childhood. 答案:1. in which/that/不填 2. that/不填 3. that/不填 六.精讲例题 1.I met the teacher in the street yesterday ________ taught me English three years ago. A. which B. when C. where D. who 2.He made another wonderful discovery, ______ of great importance to science. A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think is 3.We will be shown around the city: schools, museums, and some other places, _______ other visitors seldom go. A. what B. which C. where D. when 4.Tsinghua University is a first class university, _____ lots of people are eager to study. A. which B. where C. when D. why 5.Taiwan is part of China, _______ is known to all the world. A. what B. as C. that D. such 6.Do you know the man from ________ house the pictures were stolen? A. which B. that C. what D. whose 7.The old farmer has one son and two daughters, ______ are kind to him,______ makes him sad. A. neither of them; which B. all of whom; which C. none of them; it D. none of whom; which 8.Is this the reason _______ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained 9.We are living in an age ______ many things are done on computer. A. which B. that C. whose D. when 10.The days are gone ________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living. A. when B. that C. where D. which 11. Frank’s dream is to have his own garden _____ many beautiful flowers. A. in it to produce B. which produce C. it produces D. in which to produce 12. Gun control is a subject _______ Americans have argued for a long time. A, of which B. with which C. about which D. above which 13. There are species living in the depths of the oceans ______ we still know little. A. for which B. in which C. of what D. of which 14. Many people tend to buy things from big store, _______ they believe the qualities are good. A. at which B. of which C. which D. where 15. Have you seen the book _______ is yellow? A. whose the cover B. of which cover C. the cover of which D.its cover 16. The teacher had a careful talk with Tom, one of ________ problems is poor study habit. A. whose B. his C. whom D. which 17. It is the same in China---- many people, _______ some are not overweight at all, are always going on diets or taking weight-loss pills, which are often dangerous. A. whose B. of whom C. of which D. who 18. True friendship is like sound health, _____ value is seldom known until it is lost. A. whose B. of which C. as D. which 19.Our psychology teacher seems unable to explain everything in a way ____ makes sense to us. A. in which B. of which C. / D. that 20.He flew to Paris two hours ago, _______ he would stay for three days. A. there B. which C. when D. where 答案:DACBB DDADA DCDBC ABADD 七.反馈试卷 1.(2012浙江卷)9. We live in an age_____ more information is available with greater ease than ever before. A. why B. when C. to whom D. on which 2.(2012山东卷)23. Maria has written two novels, both of ________ have been made into television series. www.zxxk.com A. them B. that C. which D. what 3.(2012福建卷)23. The air quality in the city, ________is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months. A. that B. it C. as D. what 4.(2012江苏卷)22. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area,_______ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive. A. which B. who C. where D. what 5.(2012安徽卷)29. Alot of language learning, _______ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period. A. as B. it C. which D. This 6.(2012四川卷)13. In our class there are 46 students, _____ half wear glasses. A. in whom B. in them C. of whom D. of them 7.(2012陕西卷)14. It is the third time that she has won the race, ______ has surprised us all. A. that B. where C. which D. what 8.(2012北京)26. When deeply absorbed in work, ______ he often was,he would forget all about eating or sleeping. www.zxxk.com A. that B. which C. where D. when 9.(2012全国II)8. That evening, _____ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. A. that B. which C. what D. when 10.(2011全国卷I) 31. The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination. A. that B. which C. whose D. what 11.(2011全国卷II)7. Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, ____ is a stupid thing to do in such weather. A. this B. that C. what D. which 12.(2011北京卷)26. Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _________, of course, make all the others upset. A. who B. which C. what D. that 13.(2011上海卷) 39. You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ____ you can hire to reach your host family. A. which B. where C. when D. as 14.(2011山东卷)32.The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____are built close to each other. A. they B. where C. what D. that 15.(2011江西卷)34. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _____had taken more than three years. A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which 16.(2011江苏卷)24. Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _______ the audience can buy ice-cream. A. when B. where C. that D. which 17.(2011安徽卷)28. Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _____ it will keep for two or three weeks. A. when B. which C. where D. while 18.(2011浙江卷)8. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of ____ uses it somewhat differently. A. which B. what C. them D. those 19.(2011浙江卷)10. A bank is the place ______ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. A. when B. that C. where D. there 20.(2011福建卷)24. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ____ allows them to communicate freely with each other. A. which B. where C. what D. who 21.(2011四川卷)17. The school shop, ________ customers are mainly students, is closed few the holidays. A. which B. whose C. when D. where 22.(2011天津卷)10. The days are gone ________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living. A. when B. that C. where D. which 23.(2011陕西卷)11.I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, __________ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. A. which B. where C. who D. that 24.(2011湖南卷)25.Julie was good at German, French and Russian , all of _________ she spoke fluently. A. who B. whom C. which D. that 25. (2010福建24) Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet life has developed gradually. A. that B. where C. which D. whose 26. (2010湖南28)I've become good friends with several of the students in my school _______ I met in the English speech contest last year. A. who B. where C. when D. which 27.(2010江西31) The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister ______ she would stay for an hour. A where B who C which D what 28. (2010山东24)That’s the new machine ______ parts are too small to be seen. A. that B. which C. whose D. What 29. (2010山东38)Wind power is an ancient source of energy ______ we may return in the near future. A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which 30.(2010天津8)Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut? You should try the barber’s ________ I go. It’s only 15. A. as B. which C. where D. that 31.(2010四川10)After graduating from college,I took some time off to go traveling, ______ turned out to be a wise decision. A.that B.which C.when D.where 32.(2010全国Ⅰ24) As a child , Jack studied in a village school ,_____ is named after his grandfather. A. which B. where C. what D. that 33. (2010江苏32)The newly built café, the walls of_______ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work. A. that B. it C. what D. which 34. (201010陕西11)The old temple _______ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair. A. where B. which C. its D. Whose 35. (2010全国Ⅱ16)I refuse to accept the blame for something ________was someone else’s fault. A. who B. that C. as D. what 36.(2010浙江3)The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of ________ left their village homes for a better life in the city. A.whom B.which C.them D.those 37.(2009山东24)Whenever I met her, _________ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. A. who B. which C. when D. that 38.(2009宁夏海南28)She brought with her three friends, none of ________ I had ever met before. A. them B. who C. whom D. these 39.(2009江苏23)Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _____ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night. A. if B. when C. which D. since 40.20(09天津5)A person ______ e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails. A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever 41.(2009陕西11)Gun control is a subject ________ Americans have argued for a long time. A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which 42.(2009上海34)Mozart’s birthplace and the house ______ he composed ‘The Magic Flute’ are both museums now. A. where B. when C. there D. which 43.(2009江西26)The house I grew up ________ has been taken down and replaced by an office building. A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which 44.(2009四川20)She’ll never forget her stay there _____ she found her son who had gone missing two years before. A. that B. which C. where D. when 45.(2009辽宁23)They’ve won their last three matches. ________I find a bit surprising A. that B. when C. what D. which 46.20(09福建24)It’s helpful to put children in a situation ______ they can see themselves differently. A. that B. when C. which D. where 47.(2009浙江14)I have reached a point in my life ______ I am supposed to make decisions of my own. A. which B. where C. how D. why 48.(2009重庆34)Life is like a long race _____we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. A. why B. what C. that D. where 49.(2009湖南26)I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city ________ name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind. A. which B. of which C. that D. whose 50.(2009全国Ⅱ17)My friend showed me round the town, _________ was very kind of him. A. which B. that C. where D. it 51.We went to the West Lake yesterday, ___, not surprisingly, was crowded with visitors from all over the world. A.where B.which C.that D.when 52. This article may shock some sensitive readers, _____I offer my apologies in advance. A. from whom B. for whom C. to whom D. towards whom 53. Britain’s Prince William and Kate Middleton will marry next year in Westminster Abbey, _______ Princess Diana’s funeral was held. A.when B.which C.where D.as 54. ____ David showed the report to the public surprised me. A.What B.That C.Which D.Who 55. This is not the only example of a plane crash ____ everyone but a child died. A.which B.where C.why D.when 56.The increased monthly pay will benefit more than 23 million migrant workers _____ are currently employed in Guangdong Province.. A.where B.whose C.which D.who 57. In Australia, surfing is a popular sport among young people ____ they can seek excitement and adventure. A.that B.which C.where D.how 58. In the end, it was Becky ____ he turned for a gentle word and a smile. A. on whom B. in whom C. to whom D. for whom 59. We hope the measures to control house prices,____ are taken by the government, will succeed. A.which B.that C.what D.as 60. They've won their last three matches, ______ I find a bit surprising actually. A.that B.when C.what D.which 答案: 1---5 BCCBA 6---10 CCBBC 11---15 DBADC 16---20 ACACA 21---25 DABCB 26---30 AACCC 31---35BADDB 36---40ABCBC 41---45CABCD 46---50 DBDDA 51---55BCCBB 56---60DCCAD查看更多