高考英语语法复习系列资料非谓语动词

高考英语语法复习系列资料非谓语动词

高考英语语法复习系列资料：非谓语动词 不定式 一.相关知识点精讲: 1. 不定式作补语 1） 有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构。例如： advise allow cause challenge command compel drive 驱使 enable encourage forbid force impel induce instruct invite like/love order permit make let have want get warn persuade request send tell train urge 例如； Father will not allow us to play on the street.　 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。　　　　　　 The officer ordered his men to fire. 长官命令士兵开火。 注意：有些动词如make，have，get，want等可用不定式作做宾补，也可用分词作宾补。现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。 2) 有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构，不定式的动词往往是be，不定式一般可以省去。例如： consider find believe think declare（声称） appoint guess fancy（设想） guess judge imagine know 例如： We believe him to be guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的。 We know him to be a fool. 我们知道他是个笨蛋。（to be 不能省去） 典型例题 　　 Charles Babbage is generally considered　___ the first computer. A. to invent　B. inventing　 C. to have invented　 D. having invented　 答案：C. 一般没有consider+宾语+be以外不定式的结构，也没有consider+宾语+doing的结构，排除A、B、D。consider用动词be以外的不定式作宾补时，一般要求用不定式的完成式，故选C。 3) 有些动词可以跟there +to be的结构。例如： believe expect intend like love mean prefer want wish understand 例如： 　 We didn't expect there to be so many people there. 我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。 You wouldn’t want there to be another war. 你不至于想让另外一场战争发生吧。 2. 不定式作主语 不定式作主语，往往用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式放至句子的后面。 　 例如：It's so nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真高兴。 It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. 不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。 　 It's very kind of you to help us.　他帮助我们，他真好。 　 It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything.　他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。 但是，用不定式作主语的句子中还有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is… to…的句型。另外，这样的句子，不能用动名词作表语。 3. It's for sb.和 It's of sb. 这样的句子中，由于表语形容词性质的不同，导致了不定式逻辑主语标志用for或of的区别。‎ ‎ 1）for sb. 句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：例如： 　　 It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。 2）of sb句型中的形容词一般为表示性格，品德，心智能力，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。例如： 　　 It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。 用for还是用of 的另一种辨别方法： 　　用介词for或of后面的逻辑主语作句子的主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果通顺用of，不通则用for。例如： 　　 You are nice.　（通顺，所以应用of）。 　　 He is hard.　 （非所表达的意思，不通，因此用for。） 4. 不定式作表语 　 不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。例如： 　　 My work is to clean the room every day. 我的工作是每天清扫房间。 　　 His dream is to be a doctor. 他的梦想是成为一名医生。 5. 不定式作定语 　 不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后，往往表示未发生的动作。例如： 　　　I have a lot of work to do.　我有许多事要做。 　　　There was nothing to bring home that morning. 那天早上（他回家时）两手空空。 6. 不定式作状语 1）目的状语　 常用结构为to do , only to do（仅仅为了）, in order to do,　so as to do,　so（such）… as to…（如此…以便…）。例如： 　　 He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.　他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。 　　 I come here only to say good-bye to you.　我来仅仅是向你告别。 2）作结果状语，可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果，不定式要放在句子后面。 I awoke to find my truck gone. 我醒来发现箱子不见了。 　　 He searched the room only to find nothing. 他搜索了房间，没发现什么。 3） 表原因 I'm glad to see you. 见到你很高兴。 She wept to see the sight. 她一看到这情形就哭了。 4）表示理由和条件 He must be a fool to say so. You will do well to speak more carefully. 7.用作介词的to to 可以用作介词，也可用作不定式的标示。下面的to 都用作介词： admit to object to be accustomed to be used to stick to turn to开始 look forward to be devoted to pay attention to contribute to apologize to devote oneself to 8. 省去to 的动词不定式 1） 情态动词 （ 除ought 外） 后。 2） 使役动词 let, have, make后，感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后。 注意：被动语态中不能省去to。例如： 　 I saw him dance.‎ ‎ 我看见他跳舞。 　 =He was seen to dance. 　 The boss made them work the whole night. 老板让他们整夜干活。 　 =They were made to work the whole night. 3） would rather，had better句型后 ‎4） Why… / why no…句型后 5） help 后可带to，也可不带to, help sb （to） do sth： 6） but和except后。but前是实义动词do时，后面出现的不定式不带to。 比较：He wants to do nothing but go out. 他只想出去玩。 　　 He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 除了吃这药，他什么都信。 7） 由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去： 8） 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think等词后作宾补时，可以省去to be。例如：　 He is supposed （to be） nice.　他应该是个好人。 9.动词不定式的否定式 在不定式标志to前加上not。例如： 　 Tell him not to shut the window。让他别关窗。 　 She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走过的时候，她假装没看见。 10.不定式的特殊句型too…to… 1）too…to　 太…以至于…。例如： 　　He is too excited to speak. 他太激动了，说不出话来。 　 ---- Can I help you ? 需要我帮忙吗? ---- Well, I'm afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same.　 不用了。这箱子太重，恐怕你搬不动。谢谢。 2） 如在too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定，too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意 为"不太"。例如： 　 It's never too late to mend.　 改过不嫌晚。（谚语） 　3） 当too 前面有only, all, but时，意思是：非常… 等于very。例如： 　 I'm only too pleased to be able to help you. 能帮助你我非常高兴。 　 He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。 11. 不定式的特殊句型so as to 1） 表示目的；它的否定式是so as not to do。例如： 　　 Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。 　　　Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.轻点进去，别惊醒了婴儿。 2）　表示结果。例如： 　　 Would you be so kind as to tell me the time? 劳驾，现在几点了。 12. 不定式的特殊句型Why not 　 "Why not +动词原形"表达向某人提出建议，翻译为："为什么不……?" "干吗不……?"。例如： 　　Why not take a holiday? 干吗不去度假? 13.不定式的时态和语态 1） 一般式表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后，例如 　　 He seems to know this. 他似乎知道这事。 　　 I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you ‎ again.　我希望再见到你。 2） 完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。例如： 　 I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble. 很抱歉，给你添了那么多的麻烦。 　 He seems to have caught a cold. 他好像已经得了感冒。 3） 进行式表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。例如： 　 He seems to be eating something. 他好像正在吃什么东西。 4） 完成进行式表示动作从过去开始并延续至说话的时候。例如： 　 She is known to have been working on the problem for many years. 我们知道她研究这问题有好几年了。 14. 动名词与不定式 1）动名词与不定式的区别： 　 动名词表达的是： 状态，性质，心境，抽象，经常性，已发生的 　 不定式表达的是： 目的，结果，原因，具体，一次性，将发生的 2）有些动词如continue接不定式或动名词作宾语，意义基本相同。 3）有些动词如continue接不定式或动名词作宾语，意义大相径庭。常见的，下一节有专门讨论 分词 一.概念: 分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种,是一种非谓语动词形式 二.相关知识点精讲: 1.现在分词的用法： 1) 做表语： He was very amusing. That book was rather boring. 很多动词的现在分词都可以作表语： exciting, interesting, encouraging, disappointing, confusing, touching, puzzling. 2) 作定语： 上面所出现的现在分词都可以用作定语, 修饰一个名词： That must have been a terrifying experience. I found him a charming person. 现在分词短语还可以放在名词的后面修饰名词, 相当于一个定语从句： There are a few boys swimming in the river. There is a car waiting outside. 3) 作状语： 现在分词短语可以表示一个同时发生的次要的或伴随的动作： Following Tom, we started to climb the mountain. Opening the drawer, he took out a box. Taking a key out of his pocket, he opened the door. 现在分词短语还可以表示原因, 相当于一个原因状语从句： Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her. Being unemployed, he hasn’t got much money. 现在分词短语还可以表示时间, 相当于一个时间状语从句： Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. Returning home, he began to do his homework. Jim hurt his arm while playing ‎ tennis. Be careful when crossing the road. Having found a hotel, we looked for somewhere to have dinner. Having finished her work, she went home. 4)作宾补： 现在分词在一些动词之后可以做宾语的补语： 例如, see, hear, catch, find, keep , have 等. I see him passing my house every day. I caught him stealing things in that shop. I smelt something burning. She kept him working all day. 2.过去分词的用法： 1) 作表语： We were so bored that we couldn’t help yawning. She felt confused, and even frightened. They were very pleased with the girl. I’m satisfied with your answer. He is not interested in research. 2) 作定语： She has a pleased look on her face. The teacher gave us a satisfied smile. cooked food a written report fried eggs boiled water frozen food armed forces required courses fallen leaves finished products a forced smile the risen sun new arrived visitors What’s the language spoken in that country? They’re problem left over by history. The play put on by the teachers was a big success. Is there anybody injured? Do you know the number of books ordered? 3)作状语： Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent. Given good health, I hope to finish the work this year. They came in, followed by some children. Depressed, he went to see his elder sister. When treated with kindness, he was very amiable. 4)作宾补： 过去分词也同样可以作宾语的补语， 接在某些动词后面 I will have the clothes washed tomorrow. When they get back home, they found the room robbed. 三.巩固练习 1. __________ with the best students, I still have a long way to go. A. Having compared B. To ‎ compare C. Compared D. Compare （ ） 2. The music of the film _________ by him sounds so ___________ . A. playing, exciting B. played, excited C. playing, excited D. played, exciting （ ） 3. __________ against the coming hurricane, they dared not leave home. A. Warned B. Having warned C. To warn D. Warn （ ） 4. In __________ countries, you can’t always make yourself _______ by speaking English. A. English-speaking, understand B. English-spoken, understand C. English-speaking, understood D. English-speaking, understood （ ）5. After _____________ the old man, the doctor suggested that he ___________ a bad cold. A. examining, should catch B. examined, had caught C. examining, had caught D. examined, catch （ ） 6. _____________ , Tom jumped into the river and had a good time in it. A. Be a good swimmer B. Being a good swimmer C. Having been good swimmer D. To be a good swimmer （ ） 7. ________ how to read the new words, I often look them up in the dictionary. A. Having not known B. Not to know C. Don’t know D. Not knowing （ ） 8. As his parent, you shouldn’t have your child ___________ such a book. A. read B. to read C. reading D. be reading （ ） 9. He returned from abroad ______________ that his mother had been badly ill. A. heard B. having been heard C. having phoned D. having been phoned 四.答案: 1. C 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. C 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. D 动名词 一. 概念 动名词由动词原形+ING构成,是一种非谓语动词形式 二. 相关知识点精讲: 1.作主语。例如： 　　 Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 南方与北方开战了。 　2.作宾语　 　 a. 有些动词可以用动名词作宾语。例如： admit 承认 appreciate 感激 avoid 避免 complete完成 consider认为 delay 耽误 deny 否认 detest 讨厌 endure 忍受 enjoy 喜欢 escape 逃脱 fancy 想象 finish 完成 imagine 想象 mind 介意 miss 想念 postpone推迟 practice 训练 recall 回忆 resent 讨厌 resume 继续 resist 抵抗 risk 冒险 suggest 建议 face 面对 include 包括 stand 忍受 understand 理解 forgive 宽恕 keep 继续 例如：Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? 你把收音机音量调小一点，好吗 　 The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught.‎ ‎ 这松鼠幸运得很，刚逃避了被逮住的厄运。　　　　 　 b. 有些结构后面可以用动名词作宾语或其他成分。例如： admit to prefer…to be used to lead to devote oneself to object to stick to no good no use be fond of look forward to be proud of stick to no good no use be fond of look forward to be proud of be busy can't help be tired of be capable of be afraid of think of burst out keep on insist on count on set about put off be good at take up give up be successful in 3.作表语，对主语说明、解释。例如： Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children. 她的工作是洗刷、清扫和照顾孩子。 比较：She is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children. 4.作定语，一般表示所修饰名词事物的用途。例如： a writing desk=a desk for writing 写字台 a swimming pool=a pool swimming 游泳池 有些动名词作定语，与所修饰的名词关系比较复杂。例如： boiling point=a temperature point at which something begins to boil 沸点 a walking tractor=a tractor which a driver can operate while he or she is walking behind it 手扶拖拉机 三.巩固练习 1. I was ______ work last week, but I changed my mind. a. to start b. to have started c. to be starting d. to have been starting 2. I intended ______ the matter with you, but I had some guests hen. a. discuss b. discussing c. having discussed d. to have discussed 3. Don’t let me catch you ______. a. do that again b. to do that again c. doing that again d. done that again 4. There are many kinds of metals ______. a. each has its special properties b. one has its special properties c.each having its special properties d. having its special properties 5. It’s pay-day, and they’re waiting ______. a. for paying b. to be paid c. to be paying d. to have paid 6. _______ trouble, I’m going to forget the whole affair. a. Then rather cause b. Rather causing c. Rather than cause d. Rather than caused 7. The brilliance of his satires was ______ make even his victims laugh. a. so as to b. such as to c. so that d. such that 8. Children with parents whose guidance is firm, consistent, and rational are inclined ______ high levels of self-confidence. a. possess b. have possessed c. to possess d. possessing 9. The worker is ______ in repairing the machine to notice my coming. a. too busy b. enough busy c. busy too d. busy enough 10. “What did you do in the garden?” “I watched my father ______ his motorbike.” a. to repair b. repaired c. repairing d.‎ ‎ repairs 四.答案 BDCCBCBCAC 第10章 形容词和副词 一. 概念 形容词是用来修饰,描述名词或代词的词,主要用作定语,表语和补足语等. 副词是用来修饰动词,形容词,其化副词,介词短语或全句的词. 二.相关知识点精讲 1.形容词及其用法 1）直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot。 2）叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid 害怕的。 　　 这类词还有： well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等。 3）形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后。例如：something nice. 2.以-ly结尾的形容词 1） 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。 　 改错： （错） She sang lovely. 　　　 （错） He spoke to me very friendly. 　　　 （对） Her singing was lovely. 　　　 （对） He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 2）有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词，如daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early等。例如： 　　 The Times is a weekly paper. 《时代周刊》为周刊。 　　 The Times is published weekly. 《时代周刊》每周发行一期。 3.用形容词表示类别和整体 1） 某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接，如the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry等。例如： 　　 The poor are losing hope. 穷人行将失去希望。‎ ‎2） 有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用，如the British，the English，the French，the Chinese等。例如： 　　 The English have wonderful sense of humor. 英国人颇有幽默感。 4. 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：限定词--数词--描绘词--（大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色）--出处--材料性质--类别--名词。例如： 　　 a small round table/ a tall gray building/ a dirty old brown shirt/ a famous German medical school/ an expensive Japanese sports car 2） One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace. 　 A. old Chinese stone　B. Chinese old stone　C. old stone Chinese　D. Chinese stone old 　 答案A. 几个形容词修饰一个名词，他们的排列顺序是：年龄，形状，大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。 3） ---- How was your recent visit to Qingdao? 　 ---- It was great. We visited some friends，and spent the ___days at the seaside. 　 A. few last sunny　 B. last few sunny　 C. last sunny few　 D. few sunny ‎ last 5.副词的位置 1） 在动词之前。 2） 在be动词、助动词之后。　 3） 多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。 注意： 　 a. 大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。例如： 　　　We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.我们清楚地看到前面有奇怪的光。 　 b. 方式副词well，badly，hard等只放在句尾。例如： 　　　He speaks English well. 他英语说得好。 6.副词的排列顺序： 1） 时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。 2） 方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。例如： 　　　 Please write slowly and carefully. 请写得慢一些，仔细一些 3） 多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。 注意：副词very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。 　 改错：（错）　I very like English. 　　　　 （对）　I like English very much. 注意：副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。例如： 　　　　 I don't know him well enough. 他我不熟悉。 　　　　 There is enough food for everyone to eat.有足够的食物供每个人吃。 　　　　 There is food enough for everyone to eat. 7.兼有两种形式的副词 1） close与closely 　 close意思是"近"；closely 意思是"仔细地"。例如： 　　　 He is sitting close to me. 他就坐在我边上。 　　　 Watch him closely. 盯着他。 2） late 与lately 　　 late意思是"晚"；lately 意思是"最近"。例如： 　　　 You have come too late. 你来得太晚了。 　　　 What have you been doing lately? 近来好吗？ 3） deep与deeply 　　 deep意思是"深"，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，"深深地"。例如： 　　　 He pushed the stick deep into the mud.他把棍子深深插进泥里。 　　　 Even father was deeply moved by the film.老爸也被电影深深打动了。 4） high与highly 　　 high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much。例如： 　　　 The plane was flying high. 这架飞机飞得很高。 　　　 I think highly of your opinion. 你的看法很有道理。 5） wide与widely 　　 wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是"广泛地"，"在许多地方"。例如： 　　　 He opened the door wide. 他把门开得大大的。 　　　 English is widely used in the world.英语在世界范围内广泛使用。 6） free与freely 　　 free的意思是"免费"；freely ‎ 的意思是"无限制地"。例如： 　　　 You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.无论什么时候，我这饭铺免费对你开放。 　　　 You may speak freely; say what you like.你可以畅所欲言，想说什么就说什么。 8. 形容词与副词的比较级 　大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。 1） 规则变化 　 单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。 构成法 原级 比较级 最高级 一般单音节词未尾加-er,-est tall taller tallest 以不发音的e结尾的单音词和少数以- le结尾的双音节词只加-r,-st nice nicer nicest 以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er,-est big bigger biggest "以辅音字母+y"结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加-er，-est　　　 busy busier busiest 少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词未尾加-er,-est clever/narrow cleverer/ narrower cleverest/ narrowest 其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级 important/ easily more important/ more easily most important/ most easily 2） 不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good better best well（健康的） worse worst bad ill（有病的） old older/elder oldest/eldest much/many more most little less least far farther/further farthest/furthest 9.as + 形容词或副词原级 + as 1）在否定句或疑问句中可用so… as。例如： 　　　He cannot run so/as fast as you. 他没你跑得快。 2）当as… as 中间有名词时采用以下格式：as +形容词+ a +单数名词/ as + many/much+名词。例如：‎ This is as good an example as the other is. 这个例子和另外一个一样好。 　　 I can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少纸，我也能。 3）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。例如： 　　 This room is twice as big as that one. 这房间的面积是那间的两倍。 　　 Your room is the same size as mine.　你的房间和我的一样大。 4）倍数+ as + adj. + as　<=> 倍数+ the … + of。例如： 　　 This bridge is three times as long as that one. 这座桥的长度是那座的三倍。 　　 This bridge is three times the length of that one. 　　 Your room is twice as large as mine. 你的房间是我的两倍大。 　　 Your room is twice the size of mine. 10. 比较级形容词或副词 + than ‎ 。例如： 　　　 You are taller than I. 你比我高。 　　　 They lights in your room are brighter than those in mine.你房间的那些灯比我房间里的亮。 注意： 1）要避免重复使用比较级。 　　 （错） He is more cleverer than his brother. 　　 （对） He is more clever than his brother. 　　 （对） He is clever than his brother. 2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。 　　 （错） China is larger than any country in Asia. 　　 （对） China is larger than any other countries in Asia. 3）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。 　　　 The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. 　　　 It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out. 4）要注意定冠词在比较级中的使用。 　 比较：Which is larger, Canada or Australia? 　　　　 Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? 　　　　 She is taller than her two sisters. 　　　　 She is the taller of the two sisters. 11.可修饰比较级的词 1）a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等。 2）还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。 3）以上词（除by far）外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。 12. many, old 和 far 1） 如果后接名词时，much more +不可数名词，many more +可数名词复数。　　　 2） old 有两种比较级和最高级形式: older/oldest 和elder/eldest。elder，eldest 只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。例如： 　　　My elder brother is an engineer. 我哥哥是个工程师。 　　　Mary is the eldest of the three sisters. 玛丽是三姐妹中最大的。 3） far 有两种比较级，farther，further。一般father 表示距离，further表示进一步。例如： I have nothing further to say. 我没什么要说了。 13. the + 最高级 + 比较范围 1）形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the，副词最高级前可不用。例如： The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. 撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。 形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示"非常"。例如： 　　 It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem. 这是个很重要的问题。 　　 注意：使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。 　　　 （错）　Tom is the tallest of his three brothers. 　　　 （对）　Tom is the tallest of the three brothers. 2） 下列词可修饰最高级，by far, far, much, mostly, almost。例如： 　　　This hat is nearly / almost the biggest. 这帽子差不多是最大的了。 注意： 　 a. very可修饰最高级，但位置与much不同。 　　　　This is the very ‎ best. 　　　　This is much the best. 　 b. 序数词通常只修饰最高级。例如： 　　　　 Africa is the second largest continent.非洲是第二大洲。 3） 最高级的意义有时可以用比较级表示出来。例如： 　　 Mike is the most intelligent in his class. 马克是班上最聪明的。 　　 Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class. 4） "否定词语+比较级"，"否定词语+ so… as"结构也可以表示最高级含义。例如： 　　 Nothing is so easy as this. 没比这更简单的了。 　　 =Nothing is easier than this. 　　 =This is the easiest thing. 14. 和more有关的词组， 1） the more…the more…　越……就越……。例如： 　 The harder you work，the greater progress you'll make. 越努力，进步越大。 2） more B than A=less A than B 与其说A不如说B。例如： 　 He is more lazy than slow at his work. = He is less slow than lazy at his work. 他工作时，与其说是反应慢不如说是懒。 3） no more… than… 与……一样……，不比……多。例如： 　 The officials could see no more than the Emperor. 官员们看到的和皇帝一样多。 　　 no less… than…　与……一样……。例如： 　　 He is no less diligent than you. 他和你一样勤勉。 4） more than　不只是，非常。例如： 　　 She is more than kind to us all. 她对我们非常热心。 三.巩固练习 1. The modern machine proved ______ in heart surgery. a. high valuable b. highly valuable c. valuable high d. valuable highly 2. Mr. Johnson and his ______ daughter do not always understand each other. a. older b. the oldest c. eldest d. the eldest 3. They ______ thought that the truth would be finally discovered.‎ little b. not c. small d. bit 4. They hardly believe that the apartment which costs them $ 4,000 is ______. a. so small b. such little c. so little d. such small 5. If a claim is kept ______, it is more likely to be recognized. a. live b. lived c. alive d. living 6. On his way to school he met ______, so he sent him to hospital. a. very ill man b. much sick man c. serious ill man d. very sick man 7. She was operated a month ago but now she was ______. a. very good b. very well c. healthy d. good conditioned 8. What I would do is to go ______. a. really quietly somewhere b. somewhere quietly really c. really quiet somewhere d. somewhere really quiet 9. The chairman asked ______ to write their questions on a piece of paper and send them to the front. a. the present members b. the members presently c. the members present d. the presently ‎ members 10. The price was very reasonable; I would gladly have paid ______ he asked. a. three times much as b. three times as many as c. as three times much as d. three times as much as 11. The trousers are ______, but Tom does not care a bit. a. too a little small b. a little too small c. a too little small d. a small too little 12. She wore a dress to the party that was far more attractive than ______. a. other girls b. that of other girls c. the other girls d. those of other girls 13. he can play tennis better than ______ in the class. a. any boys b. any other boy c. any boy d. any other 14. Kasia is taking her ______ tour of the shops in search of bargains. a. daily b. day c. day time d. night 15. ______ the child expresses his interest in an activity, the stronger it will become. a. The more frequent b. The frequenter c. The more frequently d. the frequentlier 16. We’d better wait _______ , Peter and Tom will come very soon. a. a little longer b. more longer c. long d. as longer 17. although the medicine tastes ______, it seems to help my condition. a. bad b. badly c. too much bad d. too badly 18. When she got her first month salary, Diana bought herself ______ dress. a. a cotton , blue …expensive b. an expensive … blue, cotton c. a blue, expensive … cotton d. a cotton, expensive… blue 19. The doctors have tried ______ to save the life of the wounded soldier. a. everything possible humanly b. humanly everything possible c. everything humanly possible d. humanly possible everything 20. I was worried very much because I’ll miss my flight if the bus arrives ______. a. lately b. late c. latter d. more later 答案 BCAACDBDCDBDBACAACCB 最新高考真题强化练习：‎ ‎【2011全国卷,27】The next thing he saw was smoke from behind the house.‎ A.rose B.rising C. to rise D.risen ‎【答案】B ‎【考点】考查非谓语动词作状语的用法。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“接下来我们看到的是烟雾从房子的后面冒出来。”rise升起来和see看到这两个动作是同时发生的，因此选择现在进行的形式表示非谓语动词动作和谓语动词动作同时发生。选B。‎ ‎【2011全国卷II,15】The island, to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.‎ ‎ A. joining B. to join C. joined D. having joined ‎【答案】C ‎【考点】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“因为有一座桥与大陆连接，那个岛屿很容易去。”join是及物动词，但空格后没有宾语，故使用join的过去分词形式，充当表示状态或性质的形容词用，选项A、B、D都是主动式，需要后接宾语，因此排除。选C。‎ ‎【2011全国卷II,18】Sarah pretended to be cheerful,_ nothing about the argument.‎ ‎ A. says B. said C. to say D. saying ‎【答案】D ‎【考点】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“Sarah假装开心，对那次争论什么也没说。”A和B项是谓语动词形式，句中没有连词，故排除；C项是作目的状语，而句中是伴随状态，故选D。‎ ‎【2011北京卷,25】It’s important for the figures regularly.‎ A. to be updated B. to have been updated C. to update D. to have updated ‎【答案】A ‎【考点】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“经常更新这些数值很重要。”B和D项表示发生过的某件具体的事，但句尾的regularly表示经常发生的事，故用一般现在时。for引出的逻辑主语the figures与update存在着被动关系，故选A。‎ ‎【2011北京卷,33】Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, on you feet.‎ A. to keep B. keeping C. having kept D. to have kept ‎【答案】B ‎【考点】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“Emma，你坐下吧。老这么站着你会累的。”A项to keep是表示将来。C项having kept和D项to have kept表示动作先发生。make yourself more tired与keeping on you feet同时进行，故选B。‎ ‎【2011天津卷,7】Passeagers are permitted only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.‎ A.to carry B. carrying C. to be carried D. being carried ‎【答案】A ‎【考点】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“旅客只可以随身携带一件行李登机。”permit sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事，句中是被动语态，Passeagers是carry的逻辑主语，用主动式，故选A。‎ ‎【2011天津卷,12】 into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.‎ A. Translating B. Translated C. To translate D. Having translated ‎【答案】B ‎【考点】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“翻译成英语后，发现这个句子的词序全变了。”the sentence与translate之间存在着被动关系，故用过去分词，答案B。‎ ‎【2011上海春招,34】Mike found his missing car in the street outside his house, newly cleaned and polished.‎ ‎ A. looked B. to look C. looking D. to be looking ‎【答案】C ‎【考点】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“Mike在他屋子外的大街上发现了他丢失的汽车，看上去刚擦得干干净净，还打过腊。”A项looked是谓语形式，但句中没有连词；B项不定式to look和D项to be looking如果都表结果，那只能由Mike执行这个动作，与题意不符；C项looking表明车子的特性，作伴随状语，故选C。‎ ‎【2011上海春招,36】 in 1955, Disneyland in California is regarded by many as the riginal fun park. ‎ ‎ A. Opened B. Having opened C. Opening D. Being opened ‎【答案】A ‎【考点】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“很多人认为1955年开业的加利福尼亚迪斯尼乐园非常有趣。”open开业，与Disneyland之间存在着被动关系；D项Being opened表正在进行，但开业的事实已经发生，故选A。‎ ‎【2011上海春招,40】Harrison Ford is thought to be one of the few movie stars as a carpenter before. ‎ ‎ A. to work B. to be working C. to have worked D. to have been working ‎【答案】C ‎【考点】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“Harrison Ford被认为是为数不多的曾经做过木匠的电影明星之一。”“做过木匠”这事发生在过去，不定式应当用完成式，表示发生过，排除A、B项。因为现在是明星，排除D项，选C。‎ ‎【2011山东卷,27】Look over there—there’s a very long, winding path up to the house.‎ A. leading B. leads C. led D. to lead ‎【答案】A ‎【考点】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“看那儿，有一条长长的蜿蜒小路向上延伸到那座房子。”leading作为path的后置定语，相当于which leads。选A。‎ ‎【2011江苏卷,31】Recently a survey prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.‎ A．compared B．comparing C．compares D．being compared ‎【答案】B ‎【考点】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“最近一项调查引起了市民们的激烈讨论，该调查是比较在两个不同超市里的相同商品的价格。”句子的主语是a survey，谓语动词是has caused，宾语是heated debate。由此可见，原句不缺主干成分，“ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets”该部分是来修饰survey的，做后置定语。排除C作谓语动词的选项。由于prices作compare的宾语，是主动形式，所以选B。‎ ‎【2011福建卷,23】Tsinghua University, in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.‎ A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded ‎【答案】C ‎【考点】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“建于1911年的清华大学培养了一大批杰出的人士。”Tsinghua University与found之间存在着被动关系，to be founded不定式表将来。founded过去分词表被动，也表动作已完成，故选C。‎ ‎【2011福建卷,27】The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable .‎ A. held B. holding C. be held D. to hold ‎【答案】D ‎【考点】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“iPad 2与早期的型号在厚度和重量上不同，拿在手里很舒服。”在用easy, difficult, hard, comfortable等形容词构成的复合宾语时，用不定式作状语。hold与前面的the iPad 2有逻辑上的动宾关系，故用主动式。因此，选D。‎ ‎【2011安徽卷, 30】Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier ‎ into small pieces.‎ A. break B. breaking C. broken D. to break ‎【答案】D ‎【考点】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“Tom问糖果制造商能否把巧克力做得更容易扳成小块。”在用easy, difficult, hard, comfortable等形容词构成的复合宾语时，用不定式作状语。to break与the chocolate存在着动宾关系，故用主动式的不定式，选D。‎ ‎【2011浙江卷,3】Bats are surprsingly long-lived creatures, some a life span of around 20 years.‎ A.having B had C. have D. to have ‎【答案】A ‎【考点】考查独立主格结构。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“令人惊讶的是，蝙蝠是长寿的动物，有些能活20年左右。”had和have是谓语动词形式，题中没有连词，无法并存两个句子。to have表将来；having表伴随，因此，选A。‎ ‎【2011浙江卷,14】Even the best writers sometimes find themselves for words.‎ A. lose B. lost C. to lose D. having lost ‎【答案】B ‎【考点】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“甚至最优秀的作家有时也会发现他们难以用文字表达自己。”lose是及物动词，A、C、D项都是主动式，空格后没有lose的宾语，故用过去分词lost当形容词用，作find themselves的宾语补足语。选B。‎ ‎【2011浙江卷,19】If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city ‎ by their enthusiastic supporters.‎ A. being cheered B. be cheeresd C. to be cheered D. were cheered ‎【答案】C ‎【考点】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“如果他们赢了今晚的决赛，队员们将会巡游全城，接受热心支持者的欢呼。”A项being cheered正在进行；B项be cheeresd是谓语原形；D项were cheered也是谓语，但句中已有谓语are going to；C项to be cheered表示将来，同时也表示被动。根据语境，选C。‎ ‎【2011四川卷,2】Ladex does’t feel like abroad. Her parents are old.‎ A. study B. studying C. studied D.to study ‎【答案】B ‎【考点】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“Ladex不愿意去国外留学，因为她的父母年纪大了。”feel like doing sth.想要做某事，习惯表达法。因此选B。‎ ‎【2011四川卷,11】Simon made a big bamboo box the little sick bird till it could fly.‎ A.keep B.kept C.keeping D.to keep ‎【答案】D ‎【考点】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“Simon制作了一个大竹盒来养这只生病的小鸟，直到它能飞起来。”make a big bamboo box的目的是为了keep the little sick bird，因此选D表示目的状语。A项构成使役用法，大竹盒无生命力，不能执行这个动作；B项是谓语词，与句中made冲突；C项是伴随状语，表示made与keep同时进行。根据句意选D。‎ ‎【2011四川卷,16】 an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous.‎ A.Offer B.Offering C.Offered D.To offer ‎【答案】C ‎【考点】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“Andy在一部新影片中扮演重要角色，这就有了成名的机会。”offer sb. sth.(主动)提供某人某物。句中Andy与offer之间存在着被动关系，故选C。‎ ‎【2011重庆卷,29】More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced ‎ people’s concern over food safety.‎ A.to raise B.raising C.to have raised D. having raised ‎【答案】A ‎【考点】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“据政府官员说，为了唤起人们对食品安全的关注，将制作更多的电视节目。”raising表示伴随；to have raised表示动作已发生；having raised表示动作先发生；to raise表示目的状语，事情还没有发生，是前面“将制作更多的电视节目”的目的，因此，选A。‎ ‎【2011重庆卷,33】Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ‎ of his own dreams.‎ A. reminding B. to remind C. reminded D. remind ‎【答案】C ‎【考点】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“Michael在他的床头贴了姚明的照片提醒自己不要忘了自己的梦想。”空格前的himself与动词remind之间存在着被动关系。故选C。‎ ‎【2011陕西卷,14】Claire had her luggage an hour before her plane left. ‎ A.check B.checking C.to check D.checked ‎【答案】D ‎【考点】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“Claire在登机前一小时她携带的行李接受了检查。”have sth. done“让…被做”。逻辑主语是her luggage，和check的关系是被动关系，所以答案选择D。‎ ‎【2011陕西卷,20】More highways have been built in China,_ it much easier for people to travel form one place to another. ‎ A. making B. made C. to make D. having made ‎【答案】A ‎【考点】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“中国修建了越来越多的高速公路，人们更加方便从一个地点到另外一个地点。”空格后面是it，说明是主动关系，排除B；不能选择C的原因是to do做目的状语，不符合句意；答案选择A，表示结果。‎ ‎【2011湖南卷,21】The ability an idea is as important as the idea itself ‎ A expressing B expressed C to express D to be expressed ‎【答案】C ‎【考点】考查非谓语动词作定语的用法。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“想法重要，提出想法的能力也同样重要。”express 修饰的是ability, 为主动关系，排除B和D表示被动的选项；ability作为一个抽象名词，通常使用动词不定式做定语，联系到短语be able to do sth，不难推断正确选项为C。‎ ‎【2011湖南卷,23】The players from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game .‎ A selecting B to select C selected D having selected ‎【答案】C ‎【考点】考查非谓语动词做定语的用法。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“人们期待着从全国各地挑选出来的运动员能在今年夏季的赛事中给我们带来荣誉。”select修饰players, 为被动关系，只有C选项表被动。故选C。‎ ‎【2011湖南卷,29】Do you wake up every morning energetic and ready to start a new day?‎ A. feel B. to feel C. feeling D. felt ‎【答案】C ‎【考点】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“每天早上醒来后，你是否感到精力充沛，并为新的一天作好了准备？”wake up作句子的谓语，句中没有连词，排除谓语动词feel。to feel表将来，与wake up组成一先一后的动作关系，felt 作为过去分词表被动，与you 这个逻辑主语矛盾，故选C，feeling作伴随状语。‎ ‎【2011辽宁卷,30】 around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.‎ A. Gather B. To gather C. Gathering D. To be gathering ‎【答案】C ‎【考点】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“游客们围绕在火堆旁边，与当地人一起跳舞。”gather的动作由the tourists执行,用主动形式,并与dance同时进行,故选C，表示伴随情况。‎ ‎【2011江西卷32】On receiving a phone call from his wife she had a fall, Mr. Gorden immediately rushed home from his office. ‎ A. says B.said C.saying D.to say ‎【答案】C ‎【考点】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【解析】“在接到妻子的电话说她摔倒后，Gorden先生立刻从办公室冲回家。”非谓语动词修饰phone call，前后动词的动作在同一时间发生，表主动进行用现在分词的形式。选C。‎ ‎【2011辽宁卷,23】Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach to read fast.‎ A. what B. who C. how D. why ‎【答案】C ‎【考点】考查疑问副词 + to do的用法。‎ ‎【解析】句意为“有二十名学生想听旨在提高阅读速度的课程。”fast提示了方式，how + to read fast等同于名词，作teach的宾语。故选C。‎ ‎〖10福建〗Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake.‎ A. sending B. to send C. having sent D. to have sent ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗非谓语动词 ‎〖解析〗表示伴随。从“were working” 可以判断是进行时态, 排除C。‎ ‎〖10福建〗In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.‎ A. sticking B. stuck C. to be stuck D. to have stuck ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗remain后接动词的用法 ‎〖解析〗remain是高考的重点词汇。当它做系动词时, 后面接过去分词作表语。‎ ‎〖10上海〗Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues with her stories.‎ ‎ A. amused B. amusing C. to amuse D. to be amused ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗keep+sb. /sth. +done,根据句意, sb.与它后面的动词成被动关系, 故选A.‎ ‎〖10上海〗 the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.‎ A. Approaching B. Approached C. To approach D. To be approached ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗考察现在分词作状语, 表示正在进行或主动的动作。此时分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语, 因此要注意人称、时态和语态的一致性。‎ ‎〖10上海〗Thai is the only way we can imagine the overuse of water in students’ bathrooms. ‎ A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗此处考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗此处应该用不定式the way to do sth表示做……的途径、方式。the only way to do…,we can imagine 做定语, 前面省略了that.‎ ‎〖10安徽〗He had a wonderful childhood, _____with his mother to all corners of the world A. travel B. to travel C. traveled D. traveling ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查非谓语动词作状语。‎ ‎〖解析〗主语（he）与动词travel之间存在主动关系, 故用traveling作原因状语。‎ ‎〖10湖南〗Listen! Do you hear someone for help?‎ A. calling B. call C. to call D. called ‎ ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗该空在句中为非谓语动词作宾补, 根据 someone与call的主动关系排除D项。hear后接不定式作宾补时应省略to, 由此排除C项。由Listen可判断此处表示正在求救, 故选A项。‎ ‎〖10湖南〗Dina, for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.‎ A. struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D. to struggle ‎ ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗该空, 分词短语作时间状语, 其逻辑主语Dina与struggle为主动关系, 故排除B项。由剧中的finally可知非谓语动词表示的动作发生在句中谓语took a position之前, 故用现在分词的完成主动式。‎ ‎〖10湖南〗So far nobody has claimed the money in the library.‎ ‎ A. discovered B. to be discovered ‎ C. discovering D. having discovered ‎ ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词 ‎〖解析〗该空在句中作后置定语修饰the money, 根据the money与discover的被动关系, 排除C、D两项。B项表示的是“将要被发现” 的意思, 根据句意“到目前为止还没有人来认领在图书馆被发现的钱” 可判断选A项。‎ ‎〖10江西〗The lady walked around the shops, _______ an eye out for bargains.‎ A keep B kept C keeping D to keep ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考察非谓语。‎ ‎〖解析〗句子主语lady和keep 之间是主动关系, 而且walk和keep 同时发生。‎ ‎〖10江西〗There were many talented actors out there just waiting ______.‎ A to discover B to be discovered C discovered D being discovered ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考察非谓语。‎ ‎〖解析〗演员等待被发现, 用被动, 发现发生在等待之后, 所以用不定式.‎ ‎〖10山东〗I have a lot of readings _____ before the end of this term.‎ ‎ A. completing B. to complete C. completed D. being completed ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查非谓语动词的使用。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意应为“这个学期结束前, 我要做很多阅读练习。” 由于时间状语before the end of this term表达未来的时间, 所以空格处使用动词不定式表示将来, 充当readings的定语。‎ ‎〖10天津〗It rained heavily in the south, serious flooding in several provinces.‎ A. caused B. having caused C. causing D. to cause ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意：南方下了大雨, 在几个省区造成严重洪灾。空格后serious flooding是rained heavily的后果, 而且句子主语it和cause之间存在主动关系, 所以此处要用动词的ing形式作结果状语 ‎〖10四川〗A great number of students said they were forced to practise the piano. ‎ A. to question B. to be questioned C. questioned D. questioning ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词作定语。‎ ‎〖解析〗question与students 存在被动关系, question表示的动作也已完成, 故用过去分词。‎ ‎〖10四川〗The lawyer listened with full attention, to miss any point. ‎ A. not trying B. trying not C. to try not D. not to try ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查现在分词短语做伴随状语及动词不定式的否定式。‎ ‎〖解析〗句中listen和try not to miss为同时进行的动作, 故用现在分词的一般式做伴随状语。又动词不定式的否定式要在其前加not.故选B。‎ ‎〖10全国Ⅰ〗Mrs.White showed her students some old maps ______ from the library.‎ A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗此题考察非谓语动词 ‎〖解析〗句意：怀特夫人像学生们展示了一些从图书馆借来的老地图。题干中空格划在名词maps后, 空格后部分是对maps解释说明, 因此此题考察非谓语动词做定语。非谓语动词做状语, 首先判断动词与所修饰名词的主动还是被动关系, borrow和maps是被动关系, 被动关系时非谓语动词形式有三种： to be done, being done, done, to be done表示动作将要发生, being done表示动作正在发生, done表示用作已经完成, 根据句意borrow的动作已经完成, 因此选择C。‎ ‎〖10全国Ⅰ〗With Father’s Day around the corner ,I have taken some money out of the bank ______ presents for my dad.‎ A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗此题考察非谓语动词 ‎〖解析〗句意：父亲节将要到来, 为了给爸爸买礼物我已经从银行取了一些钱。题干中空格划在名词后, 但是空格后的部分不是对bank解释说明, 而是说明取钱的目的, 因此此题中非谓语动词做目的状语, 非谓语动词中不定式做状语用来表示目的, 因此选择B。‎ ‎〖10江苏〗The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu ,________the students to return to their classrooms. ‎ A. enabling B. having enabled C. to enable D. to have enabled ‎〖答案〗A.‎ ‎〖考点〗此题考察非谓语动词 ‎〖解析〗enabling 表示他在捐献后的结果 ‎〖1010陕西〗_____ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees . ‎ ‎ A. Seen B. Seeing C. Having seen D. To see ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗此处是非谓语动词做状语, 逻辑主语是句子的主语, 非谓语动词与逻辑主语是被动关系, 且其动作在谓语动词动作之前已经完成, 用过去分词, 选A。‎ ‎〖1010陕西〗His first book next month is based on a true story. ‎ ‎ A. published B. to be published C. to publish D. being published ‎〖答案〗B.‎ ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗此处是非谓语动词做后置定语, 由时间状语next month可知所填非谓语动词表示将来的动作, 用动词不定式, 其逻辑主语是所修饰的名词book,不定式与逻辑主语是被动关系, 故用不定式的被动式, 选B。‎ ‎〖10全国Ⅱ〗Though_________to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.‎ A. urprising B. as surprised C. urprised D being surprised ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗省略结构和非谓语动词考查。‎ ‎〖解析〗补完整为：Though he was surprised, 主语一致, 省略主语和系动词。‎ ‎〖10湖北〗________（油漆成）red, the building stands out among the rest and looks very attractive. (paint)‎ ‎〖答案〗 “painted” ‎ ‎〖考点〗非谓语动词 ‎〖解析〗过去分词作状语, 主语“the building” 是动作“paint” 的作用对象 ‎〖10湖北〗After she completes the project, she’ll have ________（没什么要担心的）. (worry)‎ ‎〖答案〗nothing to worry about　　‎ ‎〖考点〗不定式作后置定语 ‎〖解析〗动词 “worry” 与被修饰的名词 “nothing” 形成动宾关系, 由于“worry” 是不及物动词, 后面须加上加上介词 “about” 。‎ ‎〖10辽宁〗We were astonished _______ the temple still in its original condition.‎ A. finding B. to find C. find D. to be found ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意：我们吃惊地发现那座庙仍然还是原来的状况。be astonished 后应该跟动词不定式做状语。‎ ‎〖10辽宁〗Alexander tried to get his work _______in the medical circles.‎ A. to recognize B. recognizing C. recognize D. recognized ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词用法。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意：亚历山大试图让他的工作在医学圈内得到认可。宾语work和recognize之间存在被动关系, 所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。‎ ‎〖10北京〗 at my classmates’ faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.‎ A. Looking B. Look C. To look D. Looked ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗look与句子主语I为主动关系, 因此用looking.‎ ‎〖10北京〗I’m calling to enquire about the position in yesterday’s China Daily.‎ A. advertised B. to be advertised ‎ C. advertising D. having advertised ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查非谓语动词 ‎〖解析〗句意：我打电话来咨询下昨天中国日报上刊登职位的信息。the position肯定是被advertise, 此处的分词可以理解为一个定语从句which was advertised ‎〖10重庆〗The news shocked the public, _______to great concern about students’ safety at school.‎ A. having led B. led C. leading D. to lead ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为：这个消息使公众震惊, 也引起了人们对学生在校安全的关注。The news和lead之间是主谓关系, 并作shocked的伴随状语, 所以用leading。‎ ‎〖10重庆〗Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one ______first is the library.‎ A. repaired B. being repaired C. repairing D. to be repaired ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗the one指代前面提到的buildings与repair是动宾关系, 由前半句房屋需要修缮可知修缮这个动作发生在need之后, 所以用to be repaired.‎ ‎〖10浙江〗The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. ‎ A. being weighed B. to weigh C. weighed D. weighing ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗根据句子结构：主语：the traffic rule；谓语动词：says；宾语从句：young children under the age of four and ____ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat。宾语从句中的主干 为：young children must be in a child safety seat。under the age of four and ____ less than 40 pounds用于修饰宾语从句主语children。动词weigh与名词children是主动关系, 所以选择weighing。句意：交通法则规定四岁以下并且体重不超过四十磅的婴儿必须坐在婴儿安全座上。‎ ‎〖09全国1〗Now that we’ve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions ______? A. taking    B. take    C. taken   D. to take 〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗既然我们已讨论了我们的问题, 大家对作出的决定是否满意？根据句意, 决定是经过讨论后作出的, 因此用take的过去分词作decisions的后置定语。答案C。‎ ‎〖09全国1〗The children all turned ______the famous actress as she entered the classroom. A. looked at   B. to look at  C. to looking at     D. look at 〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗当那女明星走进教室时, 所有的孩子都转向她。用不定式表目的。答案B。‎ ‎〖09辽宁〗When we visited my old family home, memory came ______ back. A. flooding     B. to flood   C. flood    D. flooded 〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗当我们参观我的旧居时, 回忆如潮水般涌入我的脑海。memory与flood是主动关系, 作伴随或方式状语。用现在分词作定语表示正在进行的动作。答案A。‎ ‎〖09辽宁〗______, you need to give all you have and try your best. A  Being a winner  B To be a winner  C Be a winner   D Having been a winner 〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗为了成为一名赢家, 你需要全力付出并且尽你所能。用不定式表目的。答案B。‎ ‎〖09安徽〗The play next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture. ‎ A. produced B. being produced C. to be produced D. having been produced ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗非谓语动词和时态 ‎〖解析〗那部下个月开拍的戏剧主要目的是反映本土文化。根据时间状语（next month）判断, 该剧下个月才开始拍摄, A、D均表示完成, B表示正在进行都可以排除。答案C。‎ ‎〖09北京〗For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _____ on his own farm. ‎ A. grown B. being grown C. to be grown D. to grow ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考察非谓语动词 ‎〖解析〗早餐他只喝在自己农庄种植出来的新鲜水果的果汁。水果成熟了才会拿来做果汁, 因此用过去分词作后置定语, 表示已经完成及被动的意思。答案A。‎ ‎〖09北京〗All of them try to use the power of the workstation information in a more effective way. ‎ A. presenting B. presented C. being presented D. to present ‎ ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗他们都想争取用工作站的能量以一种更有效的方式来展示信息。用不定式表示目的。答案D。‎ ‎〖09北京〗 twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog. ‎ A. Being bitten B. Bitten C. Having bitten D. To be bitten ‎ ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗由于被咬过两次, 除非我们把狗拴起来, 否则那邮递员不愿意送信给我们。the postman与bite是被动关系, 排除C；A表示正在被咬, D表示目的“为了被咬”, 都可以排除。答案B。‎ ‎〖09福建〗 not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. ‎ A. Reminding B. Reminded C. To remind D. Having reminded ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗非谓语动词做状语, 逻辑主语是句子的主语the manager, 非谓语动词与句子主语是被动关系, 且其表示的动作在谓语动词set out之前已经发生, 非谓语动词用过去分词, 选B。‎ ‎〖09福建〗In April, 2009, President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao, the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy. ‎ A. marking B. marked C. having marked D. being marked ‎ ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗非谓语动词做状语, 其后有宾语, 故与逻辑主语是主动关系, 且表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时进行, 用现在分词, 选A。‎ ‎〖09湖南〗When he the door, he found his keys were nowhere. ‎ A. would open B. opened C. had opened D. was to open ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗动词不定时的用法。句意为：当他要打开门的时候,他发现他的钥匙不见了。动词不定时表示将要发生的动作。‎ ‎〖09湖南〗At the age of 29, Dave was a worker, in a small apartment near Boston and ______ what to do about his future.‎ A. living; wondering B. lived; wondering C. lived; wondered D. living; wondered ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查分词的用法。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为：29岁的大卫,是一个工人,住在一间小公寓在波士顿附近,不知怎么办关于他的未来。现在分词作定语修饰a worker, and 为并列连词, 连接相同的成份。‎ ‎〖09湖南〗Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it .‎ A. reusing B. reused C. reuses D. to be reused ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查动词不定时的用法。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为：现在人们有时把他们的废物分开, 以便很容易被重复利用。重新再利用是指将来发生的动作, 而且是被动的。故选D。‎ ‎〖09湖南〗Please do me a favor — ______ my friend Mr. Smith to Youth Theater at 7:30 tonight.‎ A. to invite B. inviting C. invite D. invited ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意：请帮我个忙——邀请我的朋友Smith先生今晚7:30到青年剧院。invite结构和favor构成同位语, 故用动名词结构, 答案为B项。‎ ‎〖09湖南〗Every evening after dinner, if not        from work, I will spend some time walking my dog. ‎ A. being tired  B. tiring   C. tired   D. to be tired 〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗每天晚饭后, 如果不是因为工作太累, 我都会花点时间遛狗。if not        from work是条件状语从句的省略形式, 完整句子是：If I’m not tired from work, 由此判断该填tired。答案C。‎ ‎〖09江西〗_________ the right kind of training , these teenage soccer players may one day grew the international stars. ‎ A. Giving B. Having given C. To give D. Given ‎ ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词 ‎〖解析〗如果把句子补充完整就不难看出：If they are given the right kind of training , 可知主语they 即these teenager soccer players与give 之间是被动的关系, 所以用过去分词。根据主、从句主语一致可省略从句主语的原则, 连词if 也可省, 所以得出given the right kind of training , these teenager soccer players……‎ ‎〖09江西〗The government plans to bring in new laws _____ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children. ‎ A. forced B. forcing C. to be forced D. having forced ‎ ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词的用法。‎ ‎〖解析〗现在分词短语作后置定语, 修饰new laws ,相当于which forces ……...‎ ‎〖09海南〗The children all turned the famous actress as she entered the classroom.‎ A. looked at B. to look at C. to looking at D. look at ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为：当那位著名的女演员走进了教室, 所有的孩子都转过头去看她。‎ turn to 表示 “转向, 求助” 的意思。‎ ‎〖09海南〗Now that we’ve discussed out problem, are people happy with the decisions ?‎ A. taking B. take C. taken D. to take ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查with +宾语+宾语补足语的用法。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为：现在,我们已经讨论了问题,是人们最满意的决定？ take 与the decisions之间存在的关系是动宾关系, 故用过去分词表示被动 ‎〖09山东〗We are invited to a party _________in our club next Friday. ‎ A. to be held B. held C. being held D. holding ‎ ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词的用法 ‎〖解析〗我们被邀请参加下周五在我们俱乐部举行的一个聚会。party与hold是被动关系；再根据时间状语（next Friday）判断, 用不定式表示还没发生。答案A。‎ ‎〖09陕西〗I still remember to the Famen Temple and what I saw there. ‎ A. to take B. to be taken C. taking D. being taken ‎ ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗此处非谓语动词做remember的宾语, 而remember后用非谓语动词做宾语时, 可以用v-ing形式, v-ing表示的动作已经完成, 也可用动词不定式, 表示的动作还未发生, 根据后文的saw可知此处非谓语动词动作已经完成, 且与逻辑主语是被动关系, 用v-ing的被动式, 选D。‎ ‎〖09上海〗A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, _____all four people on board. ‎ A. killed B. killing C. kills D. to kill ‎ ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗一架小型飞机在这城市以东5公里处坠毁于山坡里, 机上四人全部死亡。用现在分词表示伴随状态。答案B。‎ ‎〖09上海〗With the government’s aid, those _____ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. ‎ ‎ A. affect B. affecting C. affected D. were affected ‎ ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗有了政府的援助, 那些受地震影响的人们已经搬到新的定居点。affect该用过去分词affected作后置定语修饰those。答案C。‎ ‎〖09上海〗Bill suggested _____ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation. ‎ ‎ A. having held B. to hold C. holding D. hold ‎ ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗比尔建议开会就假期为上海世博会做些什么进行讨论。suggest后接动名词, 排除B、D；根据句意, 会议还未开, 因此排除A。答案C。‎ ‎〖09上海〗David threatened his neighbour to the police if the damages were not paid. ‎ ‎ A. to be reported B. reporting ‎ ‎ C. to report D. having reported ‎ ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗戴维威胁说, 他邻居如果不赔偿损失, 他就要报案。Threaten后可接不定式, 不接动名词, 而且。report和David是主动关系。答案C。‎ ‎〖09四川〗Ladies and gentlemen, please remain __________ until the plane has come to a complete stop.‎ A. seated B. seating C. to seat D. seat ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语的用法。‎ ‎〖解析〗remain后可接adj, v-ing, v-ed和to be done 等多种形式做表语, 在该题中可以把seated视为一个形容词, 所以正确答案为A。‎ ‎〖09四川〗He told us whether _________ a picnic was still under discussion A. to have B. having C. have D. had ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语的用法 ‎〖解析〗分析句子可知whether +to do sth. 做了宾语从句的主语, He told us 后省略了宾语从句的引导词that。‎ ‎〖09四川〗________ many times, he finally understood it. ‎ ‎ A. Told B. Telling C. Having told D. Having been told ‎ ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语的用法。‎ ‎〖解析〗说过很多遍后他才理解。tell与主语之间的关系是被动和完成的关系, 所以用having been done来表示被动和完成。 ‎ ‎〖09天津〗______ the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.‎ A. Competing B. Having completed C. To have completed D. To complete ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗为了按时完成此项目, 全体员工周末都在工作。表示目的要用不定式, 排除A、B；C表示已经完成, 与句意不符, 也排除。答案D。‎ ‎〖09天津〗__ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.‎ A. Being encouraged B. Encouraging C. Encouraged D. Having encouraged ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗受科技进步的鼓舞, 许多农民已经在他们的土地上建造风电厂。根据句意, encourage动作已经完成, 它和famous是被动关系, 因此用过去分词。答案C。‎ ‎〖09浙江〗____and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.‎ A. the; a B. Tired C. Tiring D. Being tired ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗安迪和卢比第一批到达泰山之巅, 筋疲力尽且呼吸困难。形容词作伴随状语, 主语是人, 因此用tired。答案B ‎〖09浙江〗There is a great deal of evidence _______ that music activities engage different parts of the brain.‎ A. indicate B. indicating C. to indicate D. to be indicating ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗evidence与indicate之间是主动的关系, 所以用现在分词作定语, 可以恢复为which indicates。大量证据显示音乐活动要动员到大脑的各个部分。在There be结构中, 作主语的名词或代词后有时带不定式或现在分词作其定语。定语用不定式表示未做或要去做的动作;用现在分词表示动作正在进行或与谓语动作所表示的动作几乎同时发生, 或表示某个经常的动作或状态。答案B。‎ ‎〖09浙江〗Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, _______reduce unemployment pressures. A. help              B. to have helped     C. to help    D. having helped 〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗全国各地学校预计今年要招聘50000名大学毕业生作为短期老师, 差不多是去年招聘的三倍, 目的是帮助减少就业压力。去掉插入部分“almost three times the number hired last year”,并把时间状语放在句末, 句子结构就清楚了, hire 50,000 college graduates to help reduce unemployment pressures。不定式表目的。答案C。‎ ‎〖09重庆〗Michael’s new house is like a huge palace, ______with his old one. ‎ ‎ A. comparing    B. compares C. to compare   D. compared ‎ ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗与他的旧房子比较, 麦克尔的新房子像座大宫殿。new house与compare是被动关系, 因此用过去分词表被动。答案D。‎ ‎〖09重庆〗With the world changing fast, we have something new with all by ourselves every day.‎ ‎ A. deal         B. dealt C. to deal      D. dealing ‎ ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗世界变化太快, 我们每天都得独自应付新事物。考查have sth. to do的结构。此处have作“有”解, 不定式to deal with作定语修饰something。答案C。‎ ‎〖09全国2〗They use computers to keep the traffic smoothly. ‎ ‎ A. being run B. run C. to run D. running ‎ ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词Ving ‎〖解析〗这儿构成(keep sth. doing。‎ ‎〖09江苏〗Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, reduce unemployment pressures. ‎ A. help              B. to have helped     C. to help    D. having helped ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗China are expected to help reduce unemployment pressures. to help 与to hire 位置相同。‎ ‎〖09江苏〗Distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school,  the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni (校友) from home and abroad.‎ A. Attend      B. To attend         C. Attending        D. Having attended ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎〖解析〗各界来宾朋友们, 欢迎来到我们学校。参加今天早上50年校庆仪式的是我们海内外的校友们。alumni与attend是主动关系, 因此用现在分词。Attending the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning在句中作主语。答案C。‎