中考英语形容词副词专项讲解习题答案

中考英语形容词副词专项讲解习题答案

一．形容词 ‎（一）认识形容词（后缀）‎ ‎1.-ful, careful, helpful,useful ‎2.-less, careless,homeless,helpless,useless ‎3.-able,-ible, comfortable, probable,enjoyable,possible,impossible ‎4.-al, international, national, traditional ‎5.-ive, expensive, active ‎6.-ous, famous, dangerous ‎7.-ly, friendly,lovely, weekly,monthly ‎（二）以-ly结尾的形容词 ‎1.与人有关，像...样的， 如friendly, motherly, manly，childly,womanly ‎2.与日期有关，每...的， 如monthy,yearly,weekly,‎ ‎3.与抽象名词结合，充满...的 如lonely,lively活泼的,lovely可爱的 ‎（三）形容词的用法 一）概念：形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征，通常可将形容词分成性质形容 词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。‎ ‎1. 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词。‎ ‎【难点】‎ ‎2. 叙述形容词只能作表语,不能做定语修饰名词，所以又称为表语形容词，这类形容词大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid， asleep, awake，alone等。  ‎ 二）形容词的种类 ‎1. 品质形容词：英语中大量形容词属于这一类，他们表示人或物的品质，如： The play was boring. 那出戏很枯燥乏味。 You have an honest face.  你有一张诚实的脸。‎ ‎2. 颜色形容词有少数表示颜色的形容词，如： She had on a blue coat.  她穿了一件蓝色的外套。‎ ‎3. -ing 形容词：有大量现在分词正在或已经变为形容词，如：interesting    4. –ed形容词：它们是由它们的过去分词变过来的，一般有被动意义，多数为品质形容词，如：interested。She looked tired.‎ 不排除：‎ The man is interesting.这个人很有趣。The man is interested in story.‎ He is frightened.他很害怕。 He is frightening.他很吓人。‎ An excited look心情激动的表情 an exciting look令人激动的表情      5. 合成形容词： warm-hearted 热心的， heart-breaking  令人心碎的 hard-working 练习：1. Dracula and Frankenstein are＿＿C＿＿＿film characters. 　　A. frighten B. frightened  C. frightening D. frightenly ‎ 2.He is _______ in _______ books. B A.interesting,interested B.interested,interesting 三）形容词的用法和在句中的位置 1、形容词在句中主要可用作： 1）定语：What a fine day!     2）表语：She looks happy. 3）宾语的补语（构成合成宾语）： Do you think it necessary?  你认为这有必要吗？ 4）状语：He arrived home, hungry and tired.  他又饿又累的回到家里。 2、形容词在句中的位置：‎ 有的形容词放在被修饰的名词之前，称为前置形容词；少数形容词放在被修饰的名词之后，称为后置形容词。 1）当名词被多个前置形容词修饰时，形容词之间有一个先后顺序问题。一般规则为： （限定词a/an/the）→一般描绘性形容词→表示大小、长短、高低的形容词→表示年龄、新旧的形容词→颜色的形容词→表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词→表示物质、材料的形容词→（名词）。 ‎ a beautiful small round old yellow French wooden reading room.‎ 以这个例子编一句顺口溜：‎ 美小圆旧黄，法木阅览室。 ‎ 如：There is a famous fine old stone bridge near the village. 村子附近有一座著名的漂亮的古代石桥。‎ 练习： Mr Smith bought a＿＿＿purse for his wife. B A. small black new leather B. small new black leather ‎ C. leather small black new D. black small new leather ‎【重点】‎ ‎2）当形容词词组相当于一个定语从句时，或形容词用来修饰somebody, something, anything, nothing 等的时候，便会出现后置形容词。如：‎ The boy interested in music is my brother. 对音乐赶兴趣的那个男孩是我弟弟。‎ Do you have anything interesting to tell us? 你有什么趣闻告诉我们吗？‎ 二．副词 ‎（一）认识副词（后缀）‎ ‎1.-ly, carefully，helpfully,happily ‎（二）以-ly结尾的副词 类似hard(adv&adj),hardly(adv)两者意义不同的词组还有 意思区别很大的：late迟到,lately最近;pretty=very非常；prettily漂亮地；‎ You have come too late.你来得太晚了。 ‎ Have you see him lately?你最近见到过他吗？ Latest news The exam was pretty difficult.这次考试相当难。‎ The little girl is always prettily dressed.这个小女孩穿着总是穿得漂漂亮亮的。‎ 意思区别相近的，分别表示具体跟抽象的意思：close（具体距离上的）接近地、紧挨地,closely（抽象）亲密地；high(具体高度)高地，highly（抽象）高度地，赞赏地；deep（空间的，具体）深度，deeply（抽象，感情上的）深深地；wide具体距离很宽,widely广泛地 They sat close together Who is closely to you, your mom or your dad? Mather The kites fly high in the sky.‎ His teachers think very highly of him.(老师们很欣赏他。）老师对他评价很高.‎ He pushed the stick deep into the mud. 把木棍深深地插进泥浆里。‎ Karen and Dave are deeply in love with each other. 凯伦与戴夫俩人深深地相爱着。‎ The door was wide open.门被开得大大的。‎ We were widely different on many questions.我们在许多问题上分歧很大。 ‎ Eg: 1.Dr Kelly walked _____ to the window to watch _____ the short man shopping on the street.‎ ‎ A.close;closely B. closely;close ‎ ‎ C.close;close D.closely;closely ‎ 2.He sits _____ to his father, but he is ______to mother ,he loves his mother more.‎ ‎ A.close;closely B. closely;close ‎ ‎ C.close;close D.closely;closely ‎ 3.The space ship flew _____ in the space, and all the people around the world speak _____ of our country.‎ ‎ A.highly;highly B. high;high ‎ ‎ C.high;highly D.highly;high ‎（三）副词的用法 一）概念：用以修饰动词、形容词或其他副词的词叫做副词。例如： not（不），here（这里），now（现在）。不少副词同时也可用作介词或其它词类。如： Have you read this book before? (副词，作时间状语) 你以前读过这本书吗？ He will arrive before ten o’clock. （介词，before ten o’clock 是介词短语，作时间状语）他将在10点钟前到达。‎ 二）副词的种类 1、时间副词有三类：always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardly等一般位于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后，实之前义动词 1）表示发生时间的副词：    It’s beginning to rain now!  现在开始下雨了！    2）表示频繁程度的副词，也称频度副词always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardly等一般位于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后，实之前义动词:    She often changes her mind.  她常改变主意。‎ ‎3）还有一些其他表示时间的副词：    He has just had an operation. 他刚动过手术。 2、地点副词： 1）有不少表示地点的副词：    She is studying abroad.  她在国外留学。    2）还有一些部分与介词同形的副词。它们与介词同形，跟宾语的是介词，否则是副词：    ①用作介词：Stand up!  起立！      ②用作副词： A cat climbed up the tree.  猫爬上了树。‎ ‎3）以where 构成的副词也是地点副词： It’s the same everywhere.  到处都一样。‎ ‎【重点】‎ ‎3、方式副词 1）英语中有大量方式副词，说明行为方式（回答how的问题）： How beautifully your wife dances.  你夫人舞跳的真美。 2）还有相当多的副词，表示某些情绪： She smiled gratefully.  她感激的笑了笑。 3）还有一些以-ly结尾的副词，表示动作发生的状况：‎ He left the town secretly. 他悄然离开了这座城市。‎ ‎【重点】‎ ‎4、程度副词和强调副词 1）程度副词可修饰动词，表示“到某种程度”： Is she badly hurt?  她伤得重吗？ [说明] 这类副词除修饰动词外，还可修饰形容词（a）或另一副词(b): a. fairly simple 相当简单 quite correct 完全正确 b. wonderfully well 好极了 do it very quickly 干得很快 ‎【重点】‎ ‎2）much 是一个特殊的程度副词，它可以： a. 修饰形容词等： ‎ ‎ I’m not much good at singing. 我唱歌不太好。 b. 修饰比较级： You sing much better than me. 你比我唱的好多了。 Their house is much nicer than ours. 他们的房子比我们的好多了。‎ ‎【重点】‎ ‎5. 疑问副词和连接副词 1）疑问副词： 疑问副词用来引导特殊问句： how: How is your grandmother? 你奶奶身体好吗？ where: Where does she come from? 她是哪儿人？ when: When can you come? 你什么时候能来？ why: Why was he so late? 他为什么来得这么晚？‎ ‎2）连接副词： 连接副词意思和词形都和疑问副词一样，但都引导从句或与不定式连用：‎ how: Do you know how to start this machine? 你知道这台机器怎样启动吗？‎ where: I don’t know where he lives. 我不知道他住在哪儿。（引导宾语从句）‎ ‎ when: Tell me when you’ll be ready. 告诉我你什么时候准备好。（引导宾语从句）‎ ‎ why: That’s why I came round. 这就是我来的原因。（引导表语从句）‎ ‎6. 一些其它类型的副词，如表示方向的副词： Let’s go inside. 咱们到里面去。 Take two steps forward. 向前走两步。‎ 三）副词的位置 1. 副词修饰动词时，通常可以放在句首、句中或句末。如：     Usually I do my homework in the evening. (句首) 通常我晚上做家庭作业。     I often get up at six. (句中) 我常在6点起床。     Please speak slowly. (句末) 请慢慢说。 2. 副词修饰形容词或副词时，通常放在形容词或副词的前面如：     These flowers are quite beautiful. （在形容词前） 这些花相当漂亮。 He works very hard. （在副词前）他工作很努力。    ▲ 但也有例外，如：She is old enough to go to school. （在形容词后）她已到了上学的年龄。 3. 按一般规则, 既有地点状语又有时间状语时，地点状语应放在时间状语之前。如：     We had a meeting in the classroom yesterday afternoon.  我们昨天下午在教室开了一个会。     He watched TV at home last night. 他昨晚在家看电视。‎ ‎[说明] ①形容词一般修饰名词，副词一般修饰动词、形容词或副词。②一些形容词后加上-ly可以变成副词，如slow-slowly, quick-quickly, careful-carefully等。‎ 三． 形容词变副词 形容词变副词规律小结    ‎ 规则变化 范围 变化规则 例词 大部分形容词 加ly careless----carelessly quiet----quietly/different----differently 以le结尾的形容词 变le为ly possible----possibly terrible----terribly comfortable----comfortably gentle----gently、simple----simply 以y结尾的形容词 变y为ily easy----easily、angry----angrily noisy----noisily、happy----happily heavy----heavily、healthy----healthily 不规则变化 本身既是形容词也是副词，无需改变 fast----fast、early----early high----high、hard----hard late----late、far----far wide----wide、alone----alone 形容词和副词为完全不同的单词 good----well 初中阶段唯一一个需要去掉字母e的单词 true----truly 虽然以ly结尾，但却是形容词，不能直接用来修饰动词 Friendly/ively/lovely/lonely Likely很有可能的/monthly 有些形容词本身即为副词，同时也有加ly的副词形式。但加不加ly意思不一样，使用时需注意 wide(形容词，宽阔的，睁大的)----wide(副词，睁大地)/widely(副词，广泛地),late(形容词，晚的)-----late(副词，晚地)，lately（最近）high(形容词，高的)----high(副词，高地)/highly(副词，高度地)‎ 特别容易犯错的副词 形容词 副词 备注 hard hard hard副词容易写成hardly, hardly意思为“几乎不”，与hard无任何关系 friendly 无 不能用friendly直接修饰动词，只能改成in a friendly ‎ way“用一种友好的方式”。如：‎ He smiled at me in a friendly way.‎ excited excitedly ‎ 容易拼错 healthy healthily 容易拼错 polite politely 不用去掉字母e。类似的词还有：widely, nicely, closely, ‎ 三． 基础练习题 ‎（一）用所给词的正确形式填空 A ‎1. The Greens are     _____  (happy) to live in this      _____(noise) street. They have decided to move to another place.‎ ‎2. The panda has been      ______ (die) for about two months. ‎ ‎3. I like her dress. It looks very       ______ (beauty).‎ ‎4. Don’t feel    ______    (worry) about your child. The whole class would be      ______  (friend) to the new classmate.‎ ‎5. The      ______ (finally) exams usually take place at the end of June.‎ ‎6. It’s     _____  (possible) for an ordinary plane to fly to the moon.‎ ‎7. It’s a      _____  (please) trip for all of us. ‎ ‎8. The children in China are living a  _____     (color) life.‎ ‎9. It was an      _____  (amaze) match. It amazed us.‎ ‎10.He felt very  _____       (sleep) and fell       ____   (sleep) soon when he lay in bed. ‎ ‎11.We all had a very     _____     (enjoy) time at the party. ‎ B ‎1.I don’t like him and it would be ______________ of me to do the opposite. (honest)‎ ‎2.Our holidays in Thailand were really ______________ and unforgettable. (enjoy)‎ ‎3.The government is doing everything possible to help those ______________ people after the earthquake. (home)‎ ‎4.Put on the glasses so that you can see the word on the blackboard ______________. (clear)‎ ‎5.The war made millions of people ______________. (home)‎ ‎6.What is the most ______________ animal in the forest? (power)‎ ‎7.It is ______________ to travel by train than by air. (cheap)‎ ‎8.It is ______________ for him to finish the job in two hours. He is so slow. (possible)‎ ‎9._________, over 28,000 civilians (平民) lost their lives during the three-year war in Iraq. (sad)‎ ‎10.I feel quite comfortable at home when it is raining ______________ outside. (heavy)‎ ‎11.Jack is such a ______________ fellow, for he always leaves this or that at the office. (forget)‎ ‎12.It is not ______________ to eat food with Sudan I (苏丹红1号). (safely)‎ ‎13.Lily is ______________ enough to get the prize in the 2006 Shanghai Junior High School English Contest. (luck)‎ ‎14.We’d better drive our cars ______________ on rainy days. (slow)‎ ‎15.One starry night, when the seven little dwarfs went back home from work, they found something ______________ at once. (usual)‎ ‎（二）选择最佳答案 ‎ ( )1. These oranges taste_______. A. good            B. well             C. to be good        D. to be well ‎( )2. I can’t pay ________ as he asked for. ‎ A. a as high price B.as a high price C.as high price D.as high a price ‎( )3. — We are going to see a film this evening . Why not go with us ?     — I have to do many things this evening . I’m _______ , you see .     A. free   B. glad   C. sorry    D. busy ( )4. —Mum, Bill is coming to dinner this evening. ‎ ‎—OK. Let’s give him   ___    to eat. ‎ ‎      A. something different  B. different anything  ‎ C. anything different  D. different something ‎ ‎( )5.The     ____ person is talking with the doctor.   ‎ A. ill坏的可作定语、病的不可做  B. sick  C. illness  D. sickness ‎ ‎( )5.We shouldn’t buy the     ____ bananas ,because eating them can make us feel _____.  ‎ A. ill,sick  B. sick ,ill C. ill,ill  D. ill,illness ‎( ) 6. The day is bright and _______ . Let’s go for a walk .     A. sunny    B. dark    C. cloudy    D. windy ( ) 7. Look ! _______ beautiful that lake is !     A. What    B. How   C. How a    D. What a ‎( ) 8. ---I won't go to the Great Wall tomorrow. --- I won't, ______. A. neither B. either C. too D. also ( ) 9. He likes to do some reading in the morning, I like it, _____. A. too B. either C. neither D. also ( ) 10.That maths problem is ______ difficult ______ nobody can work it out. A. too; to B. very; that C. so; that D. very; but ‎ ‎（ ）10.That maths problem is ______ easy______ work it out. A. too; to B. very; that C. so; that D. very; but ‎（ ）10.That maths problem is difficult ________ ______ nobody can work it out. A. too; to B. very; that C. so; that D. enough;that ‎ ( ) 11. —What’s on the desk?‎ ‎  —It’s  ____    . ‎ ‎        A. a new green bag  B. new green bag  C. a green mew bag  D. a bag new green ‎ ‎( ) 12. The night was very ___, so he had to take off his shoes ___. A. quiet; quietly B. quite; quickly C. late; quick D. quite; quietly ( ) 13. He____ to school to clean his classroom. A. always comes early B. comes always early ‎ C. always early comes D. come always earlier ( ) 14. I got up____today. A. later B. more lately C. lately D. late ( ) 15. Alice___goes to school at seven. A. usual B. usually C. hard D. a little ‎（ ）16. I haven’t seen＿＿＿＿＿this since I collected stamps. 　A. as old a stamp as B. so an old stamp as C. stamp as old as D. as an old stamp as 词性变换：1.dishonest 2.enjoyable 3.homeless 4.clearly 5.homeless 6.powerful ‎ 7.cheaper 8.impossible 9.Sadly 10.heavily 11.forgetful 12.safe 13.lucky 14.slowly 15.unusual ADDABC ABBACAD AAADBA