中考宾语从句详细讲解与练习

中考宾语从句详细讲解与练习

宾语从句 在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。它是众多从句中的一员，在复合句中作主句谓语动词、介词或某些形容词的宾语。‎ 在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语，如：  I know the man.‎ 而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语，如：  I know that the man is a policeman.   ‎ ‎ 主句 引导词 从句 宾语从句三大块: 1. 引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择； 2. 宾语从句的语序； 3. 宾语从句的时态。‎ Ⅰ.宾语从句的引导词 ‎1.陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：‎ My teacher said I was a good boy.老师说我是个好男孩。‎ She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed.‎ 用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:‎ ‎1. I know …‎ ‎2. She says …‎ ‎3. Tell your friend …‎ ‎（that）‎ ‎1.This is a book.‎ ‎2.You like singing.‎ ‎3.He worked last night.‎ ‎2.当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如：‎ ‎(1) Is Jim a good student? 　I don’t know I don’t know if /whether Jim is a good student.‎ ‎(2) Does Kate get up early? Do you know?‎ Do you know if /whether Kate gets up early?‎ 用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:‎ ‎1.Do you know …‎ ‎2.I want to know …‎ ‎3.The teacher asks …‎ if/whether ‎1.Is he reading ?‎ ‎2.Do you get up at six?‎ ‎3.Does Tom work hard?‎ 注意：只能用whether不用if 的三种情况 • 一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下3种 情况只能用whether：‎ • ‎①与or not连用： ‎ ‎ He asked me whether or not I was coming. Let me know whether you can come or not.‎ • ‎②在介词之后：‎ ‎ It depends on whether it is going to rain. I worry about whether I hurt her feelings • ‎③在不定式之前：‎ ‎ We haven’t decided whether to go there. I don’t know whether to accept or refuse.‎ ‎3.如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的疑问词引导。如：‎ ‎1.What is she doing? Can you tell me?‎ Can you tell me what she is doing?‎ ‎2.Where does she live? Do you know?‎ Do you know where she lives?‎ Ⅱ.宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序 句式 连词 语序 例句 陈述句 That 不变 I think that we can be good friends.‎ 一般疑问句 if/whether 改为陈述语序 I can’t remember if I posted the letter.‎ 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 改为陈述语序 He asked who was our English teacher.‎ 注意事项:‎ ‎(一)当从句的原句为以下句子以及what, who作主语时，语序不变：‎ What’s wrong? What’s the matter? What’s happening?‎ ‎ eg:I don’t know what’s the matter.‎ ‎ Can you tell me who is over there?‎ Ⅲ.宾语从句与主句的时态要相互呼应 ‎1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态根据具体情况来确定，可以是_________时态。 I don’t think (that) you are right. Please tell us where we’ll go fishing tomorrow.‎ Do you know when Mr. Smith moved here?‎ ‎2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的_________时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：‎ He told me that he was born in Beijing in 1992.‎ He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon. ‎ 特殊情况：‎ ‎1.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时，任用现在时。‎ ‎ Dad told us that it is better to do than to say.‎ ‎ He told the boy that three and three is six.‎ ‎ Could you tell me where the bookshop is.‎ ‎2.从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍然用一般过去时。‎ ‎ The teacher told me she was born in 1960.‎ ‎[即学即练]子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。‎ ‎1) These flowers are from Guangdong. He said. ‎ He said _______ these flowers _______ from Guangdong. ‎ ‎2) Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.‎ ‎ My teacher told me _____ light _______ faster than sound.‎ ‎3) There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn’t know.‎ ‎ Jack didn’t know ______ there ______ ____ a meeting in five days.‎ ‎4) Can they speak French? I want to know. I want to know ______ _______ _______ _______ French.‎ ‎5) Are the children playing games? Tell me. Tell me ______ the children ______ ______ games.‎ ‎6) Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Chao ‎ Mr. Zhao asked Ma Chao _______ _______ ______ _____ _____ homework yet.‎ ‎7) How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows?‎ ‎ Who knows _____ _____ ____ ____ _____ ______ in the picture?‎ ‎8) Where did she park her car? Do you know? Do you know _____ _____ ____ her car?‎ ‎9) What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.‎ The girl wondered _____ _____ often ________ about.‎ ‎10) Who knocked at the door so loudly? I don’t know.‎ I don’ t know _______ _______ at the door so loudly.‎ ‎11) Does he still live in that street? I don't know.‎ I don't know ______ he still _______ in that street. ‎ ‎12) What's his name? I asked him. I asked him what _____ _____ ____ ______.‎ ‎13) When does the train arrive? Please tell me.‎ Please tell me ________ _________ ________ _________.‎ ‎14) Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys. He asked the boys _____they _____fried chicken.15）Was the watch made in Shanghai? I don't know. ‎ I don't know _______ the watch _______ made in Shanghai.‎ 单项选择 ‎1）I hope ________ it will snow this winter.‎ A.when B.if C.whether D./‎ 答案：D　hope 后面应该接that引导的宾语从句，that 在句中没有任何意义，可以省略。‎ ‎2)—I don’t know ________ Mr.Green will come to see us.‎ ‎—He will help us with our English.‎ A.why B.when C.how D.where 答案：A　从下文的答语看，上文不知道的应该是“来看我们的原因”。‎ ‎3)I can’t remember ________ I have seen him before.‎ A.whether B.why C.what D.how 答案：A　本句表达一种不确定的概念，用whether或if。‎ ‎4)—Do you know ________？I’m going to see him.‎ ‎—Sorry，I don’t know.‎ A.where does Mr.Li live B.where did Mr.Li live C.where Mr.Li lives D.where Mr.Li lived 答案：C　宾语从句要用陈述语气，排除A、B两项。从句意判断问的是“现在住哪儿？”。‎ ‎5)—Where do you think ________ he ________ the computer？‎ ‎—Sorry，I have no idea.‎ A.／；bought B.has；bought C.did；buy D.does；buy 答案：A　do you think是插入语，可以把它去掉，分析句意应该用应用过去时态和陈述语序。‎ ‎6)I can’t understand ________ he likes computer games so much.‎ A.that B.whether C.why D.where 答案：C　句意为“我不理解为什么他那么喜欢电脑游戏”。‎ ‎7)(2010北京中考大纲卷)—Do you know ________ the MP3 player last week?‎ ‎—Sorry，I have no idea.‎ A.how much did she pay for B.how much will she pay for C.how much she paid for D.how much she will pay for 答案：C　宾语从句要用陈述语序，由此排除A、B两项，由last week判断应该用过去时态。‎ ‎8)(2010北京中考大纲卷)I don’t know ________ tomorrow.Can you tell me?‎ A.when we started B.when did we start C.when we will start D.when will we start 答案：C　由tomorrow判断，应该用将来时态表示。‎ 经典例题 例1　In the bookshop，a reader asked the shop keeper ________ Who Moved My  Cheese was an interesting book.‎ A.that B.how C.what D.if 思路解析：注意本句中斜体部分是一本书的名字《谁动了我的奶酪》，本句含义是“一个读者问书店管理员这本书是不是有趣”。所以答案是D项。答案：D 黑色陷阱：本题的主要陷阱是书名Who Moved My Cheese， 它本身含有一个who,容易给人造成误解。‎ 绿色通道：在英语中，注意书名一般都是斜体的，且书名的首字母是大写的，注意把它看成一个独立的完整的东西。‎ 例2　I was told ________ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers.‎ A.that how B.how that C.when that D.that when 思路解析：注意后面从句的含义是“比尔·盖茨十三岁的时候开始玩电脑”，应该用when表示“当……时”，本句中的that是宾语从句的引导词。所以选D项。答案：D 黑色陷阱：本句结构复杂，主要陷阱设置在when 上，它在本句中起到引导后面的时间状语的作用。‎ 绿色通道：做此类题，要慢慢理顺思路，不要钻牛角尖，当一种含义说不通时，从另一个角度或另一个含义考虑。‎ 例3　(2010江苏苏州中考)—I wonder ________.‎ ‎—Zebras.‎ A.what do they call these animals B.how they call these animals C.what they call these animals D.how do they call these animals 思路解析：本句含义是“我想知道他们叫这些动物什么”，排除B、D 两项。另外宾语从句要用陈述语序。所以选C项。答案：C 黑色陷阱：本句容易译成“他们怎样称呼这些动物”而错选how，注意本句中隐含句型call sb. sth.含义是“称呼某人……”。‎ 绿色通道：解答本类题首先分析句意，确定引导词，然后看好语序和时态。‎ 例4　(2010北京中考)I’m different from my twin sister.I love dancing，________ she is interested in reading.‎ A.so B.or C.but D.and 思路解析：本句是转折关系，选择C项。答案：C 黑色陷阱：本句陷阱在于选项前后都是肯定句形式，不细读题而误选D项。‎ 绿色通道：并列句主要是根据句意来判断前后两句的逻辑关系，所以一定要把题读完再作判断。‎ 例5　(2010重庆中考)Work hard，________ you may catch up with your classmates soon.‎ A.or B.but C.and D.yet 思路解析：本句是“祈使句＋and”的句型，句意为“努力学习，你会很快赶上其他同学的”，and在句中表示承接关系，所以选C项。答案：C 黑色陷阱：本题的陷阱是句型，本句型区别于“祈使句＋or”，这个句型的含义是“……，不然的话/否则……”。‎ 绿色通道：祈使句后面既可以加and，也可以加or，所以要全面分析句意，再作决定