中考英语语法考点复习交际用语

中考英语语法考点复习交际用语

透析中考英语语法交际用语考点 ‎【交际用语命题趋势与预测】‎ 根据对交际用语部分近几年高考试题的分析可知，今后该部分重点考查：‎ 1、 打电话方面的交际用语。‎ 2、 劝告和建议方面的交际用语。‎ 3、 感谢与应答方面的交际用语。‎ 4、 祝愿、祝贺及应答方面的交际用语。‎ 5、 请求允许和应答方面的交际用语。‎ 6、 邀请与应答方面的交际用语。‎ 7、 提供帮助和应答方面的交际用语。‎ ‎8、就餐时的交际用语。‎ ‎【考点诠释】‎ ‎【考例】‎ ‎①—Would you mind feeding the pet at noon? [长春] ‎ ‎—____________. ‎ A．Have fun B．No，not at a‎11 ‎ C．Excuse me D．You’re welcome 答案：B解析：由上句“你介意中午喂一下这只宠物吗?”可判断答案选B，“不，不介意”。 ‎ ‎②一I don't think waste water should be put into the rivers or lakes． ‎ 一____．It wm cause much water pollution．[长春]‎ A．Good luck B．It's my pleasure C．I agree with you D．The same to you 答案：C解析：由下句“它会引起水污染”可知，对方同意上句的说法，故选C。‎ 一Is there a table for 4，please?‎ 一____，please．Is the one near the backdoor 0K? [淄博]‎ A．Take your time B．This way C．You are welcome D．After you 答案：B解析：本题考查日常交际用语。上句问“请问有4个人的桌子吗?”下句应该说“请这边走，后门旁的那张可以吗?”故选B。‎ ‎③–Jim, I’m afraid I can’t go to your party tonight. My grandma is ill.‎ ‎--______.(安徽省)‎ A. I’m sorry to hear that        B. That’s all right C. She has to stay in bad        D. Don’t worry 答案A解析：A. I’m sorry to hear that       .表示“很遗憾听到这个消息”。B．That’s all right.表示“不用谢，没关系”。‎ C. She has to stay in bad.表示“她真是不幸”。D．Don’t worry.表示“不用担心”。当听到对方诉说不幸的事情时，都要说I’m sorry to hear that   （很遗憾听到这个消息），表示惋惜和同情，这也是一种固定搭配。 ‎ ‎④–Jack, I will go for a picnic with my parents after the exam.‎ ‎-- ______.[安徽]‎ A. That’s it            B. Have fun           C. It’s a pleasure           D. It doesn’t matter 答案B.解析：--Jack，考完试，我将和我的父母去野炊。A That’s it (就它了) B. Have fun（玩的开心点） C. It’s a pleasure（这是件乐事） D. It doesn’t ‎⑤—Call you go shopping with me tomorrow?‎ ‎——____，but I have to study for my chemistry test．[牡丹江]‎ A．I'd love to B．Never mind C．It's nothing 答案：A解析：由句意“但我必须为化学考试学习”知，选I'd love to．‎ ‎⑥—Would you please pass me the sugar?‎ 一____．Here you are．[浙江台州]‎ A．Sorry B．Sure C．Thanks a lot D．N0thing much 答案：B解析：由答语Here you are．“给你”，确定用Sure“当然可以”。‎ ‎⑦一Alice，you dance very well!‎ ‎——______________.[浙江]‎ A．Not so well B．That's all right C．Thank you D．I agree with you 答案：C解析：当别人夸奖或赞美自己时，要用Thank you回答，选C。‎ ‎⑧—Few well—known singers came to the concert，did they?‎ ‎—_____．Such as Andy Lau，Jay Chou and Kristy Zhang．[ 黄冈] ‎ A．No，they didn't B．Yes，they did C．No，they did D．Yes，they didn't 答案：B解析：由下句“如Andy Lau，Jay Chou and KristyZhang"说明，“有一些著名的歌手到音乐会”，答案是肯定的，所以用Yes回答，故B项Yes，they did“不，他们来了”是正确的。‎ ‎⑨一May I park my car here，Sir?‎ 一____．You may park it over there．[南通]‎ A．Yes，you may B．Yes，you can C．No，you needn't D．No，you mustn't 答案：D解析：本题考查交际用语。由答语中的“你可以把它放在那边”表明：你不可以放在这边。mustn't意为“不准”。‎ ‎⑩—How do you like the TV play?‎ 一___________.[济南]‎ A．It's wonderful． B．What about you? C．Yes，I like it． D．No，I don't like it at a11．‎ 答案：A解析：上句问“你认为这部电视剧怎么样?”，只有A项“好极了”符合题意，故选A。‎ ‎11.一Who’s that speaking?‎ 一____________.[济南]‎ A．This is Jack speaking B．I am speaking C．Jack is me D．I am Jack 答案：A解析：本题考查打电话用语。‎ ‎12.一I believe we've met before．‎ 一No，____．I've never been here before．[重庆课改实验区] ‎ A．it isn't the same B．it's true C．I don't think so D．I believe so 答案：C解析：下句是对上句的内容提出相反的观点，故用表示否定的答语：I don't think so．如果表示赞同要用I think so．故选C。‎ ‎13. —Why not join us in the game，Kitty?‎ ‎— ___，but I have to do my homework first．[镇江]‎ A． Let's go B．I'd like to C．Yes，please D．It's a pleasure 答案：B解析：由句意“为什么不加入到我们的游戏中呢，基蒂?”及下句中“但我首先必须做我的作业”，表明“我愿意”，故选B。‎ ‎14. —Thank you for your help，Sarah．‎ 一_____________.[ 浙江台州]‎ A．Good idea B．Please don't say so C．It doesn't matter D．You are welcome 答案：D解析：Thank you!的答语往往用You are welcome，Not at ail，That's all right等。‎ ‎15. —I'm going to spend my summer holiday in — Hawaii．‎ — What a lucky guy! ____And don't forget to send me a postcard．[ 黄冈] ‎ A．That sounds good．B．Have a nice time! C．Good luck! D．Can I go with you?‎ 答案：B解析：由上句说“他要去度假”及下句中“不要忘了寄明信片给我”说明另一个同学不去，而是祝他玩得高兴，故选B。‎ ‎【语法回顾】‎ 一、打电话（Making phone calls）‎ ‎1.请给某人／某单位打电话。‎ Would／could／can you ring up...?请你...打电话好吧？句中ring up意思是"给某人打电话"。除了用ring up外，还可用call,call up,telephone 等，意思相同。can you...?用得最普通；could／would you...?用在正式场合，比较礼貌。www.z3k5u.com ‎2.电话拨不通时常说：‎ The line is busy .I can't get through.电话占线，我打不通。/ I'll try again later.我过一会儿再打。‎ 其中line指电话线路，get through 指接通电话。‎ ‎3.电话拨通后相互打招呼：‎ Hello,(name or telephone number)你好，（并通报本人的姓名或单位名称或电话号码）Hello,is that...speaking?你是...吗？ / Who is that speaking／calling?你是谁？/ Who is speaking／calling, please?你是谁？‎ 应答时常说：‎ Yes,(this is)...speaking.是的，我是...。/ Yes,it's...here. 我是...。‎ ‎4.打电话请对方找人或留言：‎ Is...in／at home? 某某在家吗？/ Can／may／could I speak to...,please?请...接电话好吗？/ Will／would you give a message to...,please?请给...捎个口信好吗？ / Would you tell him my telephone number, please? 请你把我的电话号码告诉他好吗？/ Can／could you ask...to ring me back, please?请叫...给我回个电话好吗？‎ 应答时常说：‎ Hold on／Wait a minute／One moment, please. 请等一等。/ I'm sorry...is not in.／at home now.对不起，...现在不在。/ Can I take a message? 我能给你捎口信好吗？/ Does he have your telephone number?他有你的电话号码吗？/ I'll ask him to call you back. 我叫他给你回电话。‎ 二、劝告和建议（Advice and suggestion）‎ ‎(1)You'd better (not)do sth... 你最好(不)干...。/ You should do sth. 你应该干...。/ You need(to)do sth. 你需要干...。‎ ‎(2)Why don't you do sth? 为什么不...。/ Why not do sth? 为什么不...。这是以反问的方式提出劝告或建议，含有建议对方去干某事的意思，而不是询问对方为何不去干某事的原因。‎ ‎(3)What/How about ＋名词或动名词...? 这种句型表达随便的建议，有征求对方意见的意思，多数情况下是建议和对方一起做某事。‎ ‎(4)"Shall we...?"这种句型用于建议对方与自己一起做什么，是一种普通的表示建议的方法。它和"Let's...,shall we?"句型可以互换，在回答时，如果赞成这个建议，常用"Yes, let＇s."或"OK. let's."‎ ‎(5)用suggest作谓语的陈述句 这种句子用于表达比较正式的建议，在会议上和讨论中使用较多，也常用于书面形式，后面常跟名词、动名词或that从句作宾语。注意跟从句时，从句中动词用动词原形式should+动词原形。‎ ‎(6)用Let's开头的祈使句 这是最普通的表达建议的方法，建议对方和自己一起做什么．let＇s后接动词原形。若句尾加上"shall we?", "OK?"等用于征求对方法的词语，从而使语气委婉得多。‎ 注意：对对方的建议表示同意时常用的答语为：‎ Great太好了。That's a good idea.真是个好主意。对对方的建议表示不同意，或根本不能满足对方的要求而表示歉意时的常用答语为： I'm afraid that... 我担心....,我恐怕....。I'm afraid not. 恐拍不行。‎ ‎（7）用should，ought to等情态动词来表示“劝告”‎ ‎（8）用动词advise，名词advice表示劝告。‎ 三、表示问候（Expressing greetings）‎ ‎1、直接问候 ‎1.一般打招呼用语，答语通常是重复对方的话。‎ Hello.你好！Hi嗨！Good morning(afternoon, evening)早上(下午、晚上)好。‎ ‎2.您好！初次见面打招呼的用语How do you do? / Glad to meet you.‎ 答语也是"How do you do? / Glad to meet you."‎ ‎3.对有一段时候没有见面的熟人可选用这些句型：How are you?/ How have you been?你(您)好吗?‎ 答语往往是："Fine, thank you. And ?"‎ ‎4.向认识但不常见面的人打招呼，可选用这些表达法。How's everything with you?/ How is everything going? / How are you getting on? / What's no/ up? 近来怎么样？‎ 答语可用：“Pretty well."/ " Very well." "Everything is OK.(一切顺利)"Not too bad.“还好”。‎ ‎5.对于不认识想要叫他(她)停下来时，可选用这些说法：Hey, sir(madam).喂，先生(小姐)/ Just a moment, sir(madam)等一下，先生（小姐）注意：此时不能说：“Hey！ you！”‎ ‎2、间接问候 ‎1.Please give one's(one's 代表不同人称的物主代词(如: my, our... 等) regards/best wishes/ love to.../ Please remember me to sb.请向某人问好./请向某人致意。‎ ‎2."Say hi／hello to...(from me)"意为“向...致意／问候”。这相当于Please give my best regards／wishes to...（请代我向...问好）的意思。‎ 对于上述问候，其答语为：Of course. ／Sure ,I will等。‎ 四、感谢与应答（Thanks and responses）‎ Thank you./ Thanks.谢谢! / Thank you very much.非常感谢! / Thank you so much./ Thanks a lot.多谢 / Thank you very much indeed. 应该好好感谢你 / Thanks a million.万分感谢! / I don't know how to thank you.真不知该怎样感谢你。I'm really grateful to you.非常感谢你! That's most kind of you.你心眼儿真好。/ You're kind ! kind 你真好。‎ 如果别人想为你办事，可你觉得不必麻烦他或者别人替你办事没有办成但你还要感谢他，这时你可以说：‎ Thank you just the same.同样感谢你的好意。/ Thank you all the same.同样得感谢你。/ It's very considerate of you.你考虑得真周到！/ It's most thoughtful of you.你想得真周到！‎ 在回答别人的感谢时，常说：www.z3k5u.com You're welcome.你是受欢迎的。/ Not at all.没事儿。/ Don't mention it.不用了。/ It's my pleasure.我很乐意。 / No trouble at all.一点也不麻烦。/ It was the least I could do.这是我应该做的。I'm glad I could do it.我很高兴能这么做。That's all right.没关系，不用谢。I'm delighted to have been able to do that for you.能为你效劳我很高兴。It's really nothing at all.算不了什么，不用谢。‎ 五、介绍（Introductions）www.z3k5u.com 介绍某人的常用表达式 I'll introduce you.我来给你介绍.......。/ I want to introduce.....我想介绍.... / May I introduce you to...? 我把你介绍给...好吗? / I'd like you to meet... 我想让你见见...。 / It's with great pleasure that I introduce.....to you.很荣幸让我介绍.......给你。/ Let me introduce you to......让我把你介绍给....... / By the way, do you know......? 顺便问一问，你认识.......吗？‎ 对介绍的应答 How do you do? 你好！/ I'm pleased to know you.很高兴认识你。/ Very glad to meet you.很高兴认识你。/ Nice to meet you.很高兴认识你。 / It's a pleasure to meet you.认识你很高兴。 ‎ 六、祝愿、祝贺及应答（Good wishes, congratulations and responses）‎ ‎1)当某人取得成功时 I have passed the examination! 我已经通过考试了。‎ Congratulations(to you)祝贺你！‎ ‎2)当某人外出旅行时 Good luck with your trip! 祝您们旅途平安! Have a good trip／journey.=I wish you a good trip／journey.祝你旅途愉快。祝你一路顺风。/ Good trip to you.／Nice journey to you.祝你旅途愉快、Have a nice／pleasant／wonderful time.=I wish you a nice／pleasant／wonderful time.祝你过得愉快。祝你玩得痛快。‎ ‎3.)当某人生日时 ‎ A: Happy birthday to you;生日快乐！B: Thank you！谢谢！‎ ‎ 4)当某人即将做某事时 ‎ A:I will take the exams tomorrow.我明天将参加考试。‎ ‎ B: Good luck (to you)!(I wish you success!)祝您顺利！(祝您成功！)‎ ‎ 注：上述几点中祝愿(贺)的回答可用。 Thanks.／thank you／thanks a lot.或It's kind of you to say so.谢谢. ／多谢. ／谢谢您.／谢谢你这么说。‎ ‎ 5)在公共节日里 ‎ A: Happy New Year(to you)! 新年快乐！‎ ‎ B: Thanks. The same to you!(Happy New Year to you, too!)谢谢！您也一样！(也祝您新年快乐！)‎ 七、请求允许和应答（Asking for permission and responses）‎ ‎1) Can I/Could I/May I...? 我可不可以...?‎ 这个是请求对方允许自己做某事的最普通的交际用语，其中could I...?语气最婉转；May I...? 常用在比较正式的场合；Can I...? 用得最广泛。‎ 对于所提出的请求表示允许或同意时，可说：Yes./Sure./Certainly.当然可以。Of course, you may.当然可以。Yes, do please.请吧。Go ahead, please.请吧。That's Ok./all right.好的。‎ 对于所提出的请求表示不允许或不同意时，可说：No, pleased don't.请不要。I'm sorry you can't.对不起，你不可以...I'm sorry, but...对不起，但是...。You'd better not...你最好别...。‎ ‎2.Do you mind if I do...? ‎ 这是用来表示“请求许可”的交际用语。句中的mind作“介意”、“反对”解。整句的意思是“如果我干某事，你反对/介意吗?”或“我干某事，”好吗?注意：当我们用“Do you mind if...”时，if从句中的谓语动词一般用现在时；当我们用“Would you mind if...”时，if从句中的谓语动词一般用过去时，这时语气更加婉转。应答时，如果表示“允许/不介意”，常说：No, I don't mind. 我不介意/我允许。Certainly not / Of course not. 当然不介意。No, go ahead. 不介意，你干吧。Not at all. 一点也不介意。如果表示“不允许/介意”时，常说：I'm ‎ sorry you can't...很抱歉，你不能...。I'm afraid....恐怕....I'm afraid it's not allowed. 恐怕这是不允许的。 ‎ ‎3. I wonder if I could/can...? 我想知道我能否...?‎ ‎ 这也是用来表示“请求许可”的交际用语。句中的wonder作“想知道”解，后面常跟if从句。整个句子的意思是“我想知道我是否可以......?”用以委婉地提出请求。应答时，如果允许，常说：Sure, go ahead./Yes, please do.可以，请吧。 Yes./Of course./Certainly. 当然可以。如果不允许，可以说： I'm sorry, but... 对不起，...I'm afraid not. 恐怕不行。No, please don't. 请不要......。You'd better not... 你最好别....。‎ 八、请求（Requests）‎ 用下列疑问句表示请求及其应答。‎ ‎(1)用may(can, could),来表达。‎ 表示同意请求的应答：yes ,you may(can).是的。/certainly.(=of course./Sure.)当然可以。/Yes, do please,好的，请吧。‎ 注：上述回答中can不能换成could因为could在一般疑问句中表示委婉的请求，而在肯定句中，则无此功能。‎ 表示不同意请求的应答：No, you mustn't，不可以。/No, you can't,不能。No, you'd better not你最好不这样。／Please don't 请不要这样。／Sorry, I'm afraid not,对不起，恐怕不能。‎ ‎(2)用Shall来表达 表示同意的请求应答：Yes, I'd like to.好的，我愿意。／All right.(=OK.)好的／(That's a)Good idea.好主意。／Yes, Let's.好的，让我们走吧。 ‎ 表示不同意请求的应答：Please don't.请不要这样.／I don't think so.我认为不要这样。／I'm afraid not,恐怕不能 ‎(3)用Would, Will, Would(Will)you please...?/Would you like...? 来表达。‎ ‎ 表示同意请求的应答：Yes, I'd like to.(=Yes, I'd love to.=Yes, I'll be glad to.=Yes, I should I like to)是的，我愿意。／With pleasure.十分愿意。‎ 注：上述回答中介词to均不能省略。‎ 表示不同意请求的应答：I'd like (love)to, but I'm busy,我很想，但我很忙。／I'm sorry, but I'm busy.对不起，我很忙。／I'm afraid not恐怕不能。／I'd really like to, but I have no time.我的确很愿意，可我没时间。‎ ‎(4)用please 来表达。‎ 表示同意请求的应答：OK,(=All right.)好的。／of course.(=Sure.=Certainly.)当然可以。／With pleasure.十分愿意。‎ 表示不同意请求的应答：I'm sorry, but I'm busy,对不起，我很忙，／I'm afraid not 恐怕不行。‎ 九、道歉和应答（Apologize and responses）‎ Excuse me for...... 请原谅我....../ Pardon me for....... 请原谅我......./ I'm really sorry for..... / 我真为.......感到抱歉。I'm awfully sorry. I don't mean to...... 我非常抱歉，我无意....../ I'm so sorry. It's all my fault. 我十分抱歉，都是我的过错。/ I'm terribly sorry about..... 我对......非常抱歉。/ It was wrong of me to do....... 做......是我的过错。/ I really feel bad about...... 我真对........感到难过 。/ I regret that...... 我后悔......./ I do apologize about......我对.......表示道歉。 / I hope you'll pardon me for....希望你能原谅我....... / I must make an apology for......我必须对........表示道歉 。/ Please forgive me for......请原谅我.......‎ 对道歉的反应 It really isn't worth mentioning.实在不值得一提。Don't say more about it.不要再提它了。Never mind, it doesn't really matter.没关系，真的不要紧。Please don't worry about ‎ it.请别为这事担心。It's nothing serious.没有什么关系。Please think nothing of it.请别想它了。Well,it's one of those things.哦，这是常有的事。That's all right.没关系。Please don't blame yourself.请别责备自己。Forget thinking of it.别在想它了 十、邀请与应答（Invitation and responses）‎ ‎1.用一般疑问句形式 Will / would / can / could you come to...? 是被邀请人接受的可能性较大。表示“请您来...好吗?”。例如：‎ Will you come to take part in my party? 你来参加我的聚会好吗?‎ Would you like +名词(代词) / 不定式 / sb.+不定式?‎ ‎ 此句型表示“您愿意...?或你是否愿意...?”，此时邀请人不知对方是否接受邀请，是商量、询问及试探性的邀请、请求或表示个人的想法、看法。 例如：‎ Would you like to go there with him? 你愿意与他一道去那儿吗?‎ B:Yes, I'd like(love) to好的，我愿意。(类似肯定表达法：Yes, I'd be happy to.好的，我很乐意。Yes,‎ it's very kind / nice of you to invite me. 好的，谢谢您邀请我。Yes,it's very kind of you. 真是太好了，谢谢。)‎ ‎2.用陈述句形式 I like sb. to do sth./ I'd like you to come to....这是向某人发出邀请的常见句式。表示“希望(想叫)某人做某事”，常与would连用，是一种客气的邀请。 例如：‎ A :I'd like to invite you to see a film with me.我想请你和我一起去看电影。‎ B: I'd like(love) to, but I'm very busy.我很想，但我很忙。(类似委婉拒绝表达法：I'd love to....I'm afraid我想去，恐怕...，Thank you for inviting me.）‎ It's very kind of you to invite me, but I'm busy.谢谢你邀请我，但我很忙。) ‎ 十一、提供帮助和应答（Offers and responses）‎ Can/ could/ Shall I help you (with that)? 我可以帮你吗? / Can/ Could/ Shall I do...for you? 我可以帮你干...吗? / What can I do for you? 我能为你做什么? / Would you like some/any help? 你要不要什么帮助? /Would you like me to do sth. for you ? 你要不要什么帮助? / Would you like me to do sth. for you ? 你要不要我为你干... ? / Do you want me to... ? 你要我干...吗? / Is there anything (else) I can do (for you)? 还有什么(别的事)我可以为你效劳吗? / Let me do...for you. 让我来帮你干...吧。‎ 应答时，不管你需不需要对方的帮助，首先得表示感谢。‎ Thank you./ Thanks a lot/ Thank you very much. 谢谢。/ Yes, please./ Thanks, please. 好的，谢谢。/ Thank you for your help. 谢谢你的帮助。‎ 如果需要帮助可以说：‎ Thanks. That's very kind /good / nice (of you). 谢谢，那太好了。‎ 如果谢绝帮助，可以说： No, thanks. I can manage it myself.谢谢，我自己可以对付。/ No, thank you, but I can do it myself. 谢谢，我能行。/ No, I can do it, but thank you all the same.我可以干，谢谢。/ That's all right. thank you. 没什么，谢谢。 ‎ 十二、看病时病交际用语 ‎1)医生询问病情时的常用语 What can I do for you" 你看什么病? / What's wrong/the matter/ the trouble with you? 你有什么不舒服。/ Is there anything wrong with you? 有什么看病吗?‎ ‎(2)病人诉说病情时的常用语 I feel terrible/ bad/ ill sick. 我感到很不舒服。/ I don't feel well. /I'm not feeling ‎ well.我感到不舒服。/ I'm not in good health. 我身体不好。/ There is something wrong with... 我的...有毛病。‎ I have / have got.... 我觉得...痛。/ My back / nose hurts / aches. 我的背/鼻子痛。‎ ‎(3)医生给病人检查时的常用语 ‎(Lie down and )let me exam you. (躺下)，让我检查一下。/ Does it hurt here? 这儿痛吗?‎ ‎(4)医生看完病后对病人提出医嘱时的常用语 It's nothing serious. 病不重。不要紧。/ You'd better have a good rest. 你最好好好休息休息。‎ Take this medicine three times a day. 这药每天吃三次。/ Drink plenty of water and have a good rest. 多喝水，好好休息。/ You have a high temperature. 你发烧了，/ 你体温高。/ You'd better go to bed don't get up until you feel Better. 你最好躺在床上，感到好一点再起床。/ Take 2 pills now and 2 more in 4 hours' time. 现在吃2片药，隔4小时再吃2片。/ I advise you(not) to... 我劝你(别)... / I suggest you... 我建议你... / You'll be well/ all right soon. 不久你会好的。‎ 十三 、谈论天气情况 ‎1.It is raining /blowing /snowing ,(isn't it ?)下雨了/刮风了/下雪了，(对吗？)‎ It is +adj ./n.(today ). 今天的天气...这类句子都是用来发表对天气的看法的。"It is +ady /n (today )"中间可用表述天气情况的形容词或名词，应答时可说：Yes ,it is .‎ ‎ 2.What's the weather like today ? 今天天气怎样? / What's the weather going to be like ...? 天气将怎样?‎ ‎ 这两个句型都是用来询问天气情况的。前者询问当天的天气后者询问未来的天气，在like 后加表示未来的时间状语(如tomorrow .the day after tomorrow )应答时可说：It's fine /warm /cold /hot ...或It's going to be fine /warm/cold /hot ...‎ ‎ "What's the weather like ...?"也可以用"How is the weather...?"表达，其意思想同。 ‎ 十四 、问路及应答的交际用语 Excuse me. Can you tell me the way to ...? 劳驾，请告诉我去.....(地方)怎么走? / Excuse me. Han can I get to...? 劳驾，问怎样去.....(地方)? / Excuse me, please, where is...? 劳驾，请问去...的路怎么去?‎ 问路时，首先说“Excuse me.”意思是“请原谅”、“请问”、“劳驾”，表示因为打扰而道歉，然后再问路，应答时可根据实际情况回答。常用的有以下几种表达：‎ How far is it from here? 它离这里多远? / It's about...meters from here. 它离这里大约...米远。/ It's about...yards/meters down this street./ Go straight ahead till you see...沿着这条街走约...米就到了。/ Go straight ahead till you see... 照直走到...(地方)为止 。/ Go down/along this street. 沿着这条街走下去。/ Take this street/road. 走这条街/大路。/ Go through the gate and you'll find the entrance to...穿过大门，你就会看到...的几口处。/ Go down/along this street till you get to ...沿着这条街走到...(地方)为止。/ Turn right/left at the first/second crossing.在第一/二个十字路口向右/左转。/ You'd better take a taxi/minibus/No. 5 bus...你最好坐出租车/乘小公共汽车 / 乘5路公共汽车。 ‎ 十五 、就餐时的交际用语 ‎1.就餐时，当主人询问客人想吃/喝点什么时，主人常说：‎ Would you like sth.(to eat / to drink)?你想吃 / 喝点...吗? / What would you like (to have)? 你想要吃点什么? / Would you like some more...? 你还要点...吗? / How about (some more) ...? (再)来点...怎么样?‎ ‎2.就餐时，当主人主动请客人吃/喝点东西时，主人常说：‎ Help yourself to...? 你吃/喝点...吧。/ Let me give you...? 让我来人你...吧。/ Make yourself at ‎ home. 请随便吃，不要客气。‎ ‎3.当客人表示愿意或同意吃/喝点东西时，常回答：‎ Yes, please,好的。I'd like...我想来点...。Well, just a little, please. 好的，请来一点儿。‎ ‎4.当客人表示不想吃/喝东西或表示已经吃饱/喝好了时，常回答：No, thanks, 谢谢，不要了。Thank you , I've had enough. 谢谢，我已经够了。I'm full, thank you. 谢谢，我吃饱了。‎ 十六、告别 ‎1.告别前用语 I'm afraid I must be off/be going/be leaving now.恐怕我得走了。/ I think I must be off/ be going/ be leaving now.我看我得走了。/ Well, It's getting late.噢，天已晚了。/ I've got to go now.现在我必须得走了。/ Maybe we could get together sometime.也许我们什么时候还能再聚一聚。‎ ‎2.对告别前用语的回答 Thank you for coming.多谢你的光临。/ Yes, I've enjoy it.对，我很开心。/ My pleasure, too.这也是我的荣幸。/ Could you stay a little longer? 你能再呆一会儿吗？/ In that case, I won't keep you.那么我就不留你了。‎ ‎3.告别用语 Good-bye! / Be seeing you soon. Bye! / Bye! / Bye for now. / See you. / See you later. Bye-bye! 再见！Good night.晚安！Have a pleasant journey!/ Wish you a pleasant journey.祝你旅途愉快！Don't forget to give me a ring.不要忘记给我来电话。Remember to give me a ring.记住给我来电话。‎ ‎4.对告别用语的回答 Good-bye!再见！/ Good night!晚安！You too. / Same to you.你也一样。So long. Take care.再见！保重。‎ 十七、赞美和恭维及应答(Making Compliments and Responses)‎ It's beautiful. 真漂亮!/ That's marvellous! 真了不起!/ It's a lovely picture! 多好看的照片!/ I'm glad you did...... 我很高兴你做了....../ I'm pleased you did... 我很兴奋你做了....../ How clever of you! 你好聪明哦！/ I like the way you did...... 我喜欢你做......的方式/ I admire the way you do...... 我敬佩你做......的方式/ I've never seen such a...... 我还没有见到过如此的......./ What a nice coat you have! 你的外衣很漂亮哦！/ You look very smart today! 你今天看上去好神气哦！ / What a wonderful house! 你的房子好漂亮哦！/ It matches your suit perfectly. 这和你的衣服很相配。/ You've certainly given us a very good lecture. 你的确给我们做了一场精彩的讲演。/ You have a beautiful smile.你的笑真美。 / You have a good sense of humour.你挺有幽默感的。/ Your wife is beautiful. 你的妻子真漂亮。/ You gave an excellent speech.你的演讲真精彩。 / Your car is nice.你的车真漂亮。 / This is a lovely dinner./The dinner is great.这顿饭真不错。 / That's a very nice suit you've got on.你穿的衣服很漂亮。 / That was a marvellous speech. 那是一场了不起的演讲。/ You look wonderful this evening! 你今晚看上去很不错！ / What a nice living room so comfortable! 我很喜欢你的家具，你在哪儿买的？ / I appreciate your new car.我非常欣赏你的新车。（对朋友的精彩表演、杰出成绩，你若亲临现场，可直接为他大声喝彩）‎ Well done, Johnson! 干得好，约翰逊！/ I'm so happy for you! 真为你感到高兴！/ It's very well deserved! 就该这样！/ You must be terribly pleased！你一定非常高兴吧！／ Aren't you very excited, Tom?汤姆，你一定很激动吧！‎ Oh, I'm glad you like it. 哦，你喜欢，我真高兴。/ I'm glad you think so. / I'm delighted you think so. 你能这样认为我真高兴。/ Oh, thank you.哦，谢谢！ /‎ How kind of you to say that. 你能那样说真好。/ I'm glad to hear that.听到这我真高兴。 / Thanks ‎ for saying so.谢谢你这样说。‎ 十八 、约会的交际用语 ‎1.询问对方是否有空：‎ Will you be free (tonight/ tomorrow/...)? 你(今晚/明天 ...)有空吗?‎ 肯定回答：Yes, I'll be free (tonight / tomorrow...). 我(今晚/明天...)有空。‎ 否定回答：No,I won't be free(tonight/ tomorrow...).不，(今晚/明天...)没有空。‎ 比较客气委婉的否定回答：‎ I'm afraid not. (I'm afraid I'm not free tonight/tomorrow...). 恐怕没有空。‎ ‎2.询问约会的时间、地点：‎ What time shall we meet? 我们什么时候会面呢? /Where is the best place to meet? 我们最好在什么地方会面呢? / How about 5 p.m./ tonight/ tomorrow...?下午五点(今晚/明天......)怎么样? / What about (meeting) at the gate/ outside the station...? 在大门口/在车站外边碰头怎么样? /Shall we meet at 7:30 p.m. at the gate ? 我们下午七点半大门口碰头好吗? / I'll meet you at the theatre at 7:30 p.m. 我会在七点半在剧场见你。/ I suggest 7 o'clock. 我建议七点钟(碰头)。‎ ‎2 有关约会的时间，地点的询问和应答，可根据具体情况进行。 ‎ 十九、关心和焦虑的交际用语 ‎1.What's wrong／the matter(with)...?表示的意思是“你怎么啦？”、“你有什么不舒服？”、“出了什么毛病？”，用来询问对方的疾病、痛苦、忧伤、事故等情况，。句中的wrong作“失常的”、“状况不佳的”，matter作“麻烦事”、“毛病”、“故障，指病痛或事故的原因。”‎ What's wrong with...和What's the matter with...?两个句子意思相同，可以互换。‎ ‎2.Is there anything the matter?意思是“出了什么事吗？”、“有什么毛病吗”这个句子还可以简化为：anything the matter?‎ ‎3.We are anxious／worried about...“be anxious／worried about”意思是“为（某人／某事）担心”，可用于各种时态，其中的be可用get代替(即"get anxious ／worried about")‎ ‎4.There is no need to be worried.没有必要担心。/ There is nothing to worry about.没有什么可以担心的。‎ 对于别人的担心或焦虑，常可以用以上句子表示宽慰。‎ 二十、喜好、厌恶和偏爱 表示喜好 ‎1.用I like /love sth./sb. 来表达。(表示“我不喜欢某人／某事”的意思）‎ ‎2.用I like/love to do sth./doing sth.来表达。（表示“我为喜欢做某事”的意思）‎ 注意：1)在 like后加上表示程度的词如：very much ,a lot, little,等 ‎3.用I enjoy sth./ doing sth.来表达。（表示“我喜欢／欣赏某事”的意思）‎ 表示厌 恶 ‎1.用I don't like (to).......来表达。(表示“我不喜欢某人／某事”的意思）‎ ‎2.用I hate (to).......来表达(表示“我不喜欢某人／某事”的意思）‎ ‎3用.I don't enjoy sth./doing sth来表达。 (表示“我不喜欢某人／欣赏某事”的意思） ‎ 表示偏爱 ‎1. 用I prefer A to B.来表达。（ 表示“ 我喜欢A甚过喜欢B”的意思）‎ ‎2.用would rather do........来表达（表示“宁愿做........”的意思 ）‎ 二十一、表示同意和不同意的用语 ‎1)表示同意 Certainly./ Sure./ Of course.当然可以。/ No problem. 没有问题。Yes ,I think so. ‎ ‎ 是的，我也这样认为。/ I agree with sb. 我同意某人的看法。/ I agree with sb. 我同意某事。I agree that... 我同意.../ Good idea ! / That's a good idea. 好主意。/ It's a good idea to do sth. 干某事是人好主意。/Yes ,please.是的，请吧。/ You are right . 你是对的。/ That's true./Ok./All right. 好的。/ That's just what I think. 我也是那么想的。/ That's my opinion, too.我也是那么想的。 /There's no doubt about it.那毫无疑问。‎ ‎2)表示不同意。‎ No,I don't think so. 不，我不这样认为。/ I don't agree with sb. 我不同意某人的看法。/ I don't agree to sth. 我不同意某事。/ I don't agree that . 我不同意.... / I'm afraid not. /I'm afraid that... 恐怕(不)...‎ 二十二、表示肯定和否定的用语 ‎1)表示肯定：‎ Sure./of course./Certainly. 肯定／当然／一定。/ I'm sure of/about... 我确信... / I'm sure that... 我确信.../ That's sure. 是真的。‎ ‎2)表示否定 No. 不是。 / I'm not sure of/about... 对...我没有把握。/ I'm not sure whether/if... 我没有把握...‎ 二十三、语言困难( Language Difficulties )‎ ‎ 常用句型 ‎1.当不知某个词的发音时，用How do you pronounce...? 这个词你怎么读?‎ ‎2.当不知某个词的汉语意思时，用What's the Chinese meaning of the word...?...词的汉语意思是什么?类似的表过还有：What do you mean by...in Chinese?/What's the Chinese for...?/ What does ...mean in Chinese?‎ ‎3.当不知某个词的拼写时，用Could/can you spell the word?你能拼一下这个词吗？‎ ‎4.当没听清(懂)对方讲话内容时，‎ 用I'm sorry, I didn't quite follow(catch)you.对不起，请再说一遍时，可用下列句型表达：I'm afraid I didn't follow (catch)起，我没有听懂(清)。‎ ‎5.当没听懂(清)对方所说的话或请求对方再重复you./Would you mind I repeating that? /pardon ?Beg your pardon?/ I beg your pardon? / Could you say that again ?/Would you please say that again?/Would you please say that more slowly?‎ ‎6.问对方是否听懂(清)时，‎ 用：Is that clear? /Have I made myself clear? /Do you see what I mean ?/ Do you understand?‎ ‎7.当不知如何表达某一意思时，用：I'm sorry, I know only a little English. I don't know how to say it in English(I don't know the exact word in English),but it is some thing like...对不起，我仅懂一点点英语。我不知如何用英语表达这个词(我不知道英语中能表达该意思的准确的词)，但它有点象...。‎ ‎8.当表示在语言某方面上有无困难时,可用 I have some（no, much, little, a little,some） difficulty （trouble）in pronouncing(spelling,......) .......意为“在做某事方面有一些(没有、很多、很少、有一点困难)。”或用have some （no,little,a little,much ,any）difficulty（trouble） with sth.‎ ‎9.订正或澄清错误时，用：I'm sorry, I have made a mistake. 对不起，我犯了个错误。I'm sorry, I should have said...对不起，我本该说...。That's not what I meant. 我不是那个意思。What I mean is ... 我的意思是...。I'll try to explain that again,我将尽力再解释一下。‎ 二十四、表示禁止和警告的交际用语 ‎1.Look out! /Be careful! / Take care!‎ ‎ 这三个句子都作“当心、小心”解，look out语气最强，往往用于某种紧急的情况或可能出现危险的场合，其后接for短语。take care语气没有那样强，多用于对可能出现的不测作出预先的提醒或警告，其后可接不定式短语或that从句，从句的谓语动词用一般现在时。be careful可代替look out和take care,其后也可接不定式以及about, with等介词短语。‎ ‎2.下列句型也可用来表示警告：‎ Don't do sth.......or...... 不要干某事，否则....‎ If you.......you'll...... 如果你...,你就会...‎ ‎3. 以否定祈使句或"No+－ing" 表示禁止和警告。 ‎ Don't smoke! 不准抽烟！/ Don't be late! 不要迟到! / Don't take pictures here! 不要在此拍照! / No smoking! 不准抽烟! / No parking! 不准停车! / No spitting! 不要随地吐痰!‎ ‎4.用can't / mustn't 表示禁止和警告。 ‎ 二十五、询问国籍、籍贯，姓名及职业时的常用语 What's your nationality? Are you American...? 你是哪国人? / 你是美国人吗? / Are you from American / Britain... ? 你是美国人／英国人...吗?/ Where are you from ? 你是哪里人? / What country are you from ? 你是哪个国家的? / What are you? 你是干什么的? / Who are you? 你是谁? / What's your name? 你叫什么名字?‎ 二十六、谈论爱好Talking about Hobbies.‎ 询问对方的业余爱好 What are your hobbies? 你的爱好是什么? / What do you often do in your free/ spare time? 你在业余时间经常做什么? / What are your favorite sports? 你最喜爱的运动是什么? / Do you like+drawing/ playing chess......? 你喜欢绘画/下棋......? / What are you interested in after work? 下班后你对什么有兴趣?‎ 叙述自己的爱好 My hobby is.....我的爱好是...... / I enjoy+watching Tv/ listening to music......我喜欢看电视 / 听音乐....../ I like /love + collecting stamps /fishing......我喜欢集邮 / 钓鱼....../ I find.....very interesting.我觉得.......很有趣。‎ 二十七 、表示遗憾、同情的交际用语www.z3k5u.com ‎1.be afraid that.......恐怕......‎ ‎2.It's a pity(that)..... 真是很遗憾..... 这是表示遗憾的交际用语，后面跟的that从句就是所指的遗憾的事情。在口语中that常可省略。‎ ‎3.What a pity/shame! 真是遗憾！（真可惜！）用的是省略的感叹句。（语气较随便）‎ 表示同情时常用I'm sorry to hear......或I'm so sorry.来表达，hear后可接that也可接that从句，表示“听说......我很难过”，注意I'm so sorry.在意思上不同于道歉。‎ 二十八、有关意愿和希望的交际用语 询问对方的意愿 ‎1.What do you want/plan/intend/hope to do...? / 你想要/计划/打算/希望干什么?‎ 应答时用：I want / plan / intend / hope to do... 我想要/计划/打算/希望干什么。‎ 注意：在动词want / plan / intend / hope...之后要接不定式(而不接动名词形式)作宾语。‎ ‎2.What's your plan for ...?(What are your plans for...?)你有...有什么计划?‎ 应签时可用I plan / intend / hope + to do ...或视其具体情况作答。‎ ‎3.What do you feel like doing? 你想做什么呢?‎ ‎ 在答语“I feel like doing.....”之后还可跟名词。‎ ‎4.What would you like to do sth?你想做什么呢?‎ ‎ 答语“I'd like to(do sth.)”是"I would like"的省略，后跟动词原形。‎ 表示希望用的句型：‎ I want / wish / hope to.... 我希望做什么 / I hope + that - clause. 我希望... / I wish + that - clause. 但愿...‎ 注意：上述句型中，在I hope / wish 之后跟由that引导的宾语从句。在口语中，that常可省略。在I wish后的宾语从句中用陈述语气；在that后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气。‎ 二十九、 表示判断和意见 What do you think of....?/ How do you like....?/How did you find......?你认为......怎么样？‎ What's you opinion of......?你对........的看法是什么？Tell us what you think about / of.......谈谈你对的.......看法？We'd like to have your views/ opinions about.......我们想听听你对......的看法？‎ Well done/ Good work!很好！干得不错！Not bad.不错！It certainly is.的确如此。It's correct to do(sth)......是对的。It seems (to me) that-clause.(在我看来)好象.......In my opinion,...../ As I see it, ...依我看,......So far as I know, ... / From what I know/ understand......就我所知，......I would say......我认为......I think / believe / suppose......很可能......I'm sure......我确信......I don't think......我认为....不...It doesn't seem possible that-clause,.........好象不可能。‎ 三十、征询 征询对方的看法或意见，以及表示同不同意的交际用语。‎ ‎1)What's your opinion? 你的看法呢? In my opinion ... 据我看，...‎ ‎2)Do you think it is...? 你可认为...吗? Yes,I think so./ No,I don't think so.是的，我也这样认为。不，我不这样认为。/ Yes,I agree with you. 是的，我同意你的看法。/ No,I don't agree with you. 不，我不同意你的看法。‎ ‎3)What do you think about it? 你对这事是怎么看的。 I think / I believe... 你认为....。‎ ‎4）Would you like+名词或不定式?此句型用来询问别人的愿望的，其简略答语是I'd like to或I'd love to我愿意 ‎【语法过关】www.z3k5u.com ‎1．一The summer vacation is coming in a few days．‎ 一I'll share the holidays with my daughter by traveling．[淄博]‎ A．Congratulations! B．Nice to meet you! C．Have a good trip! D．It's very kind of you．‎ ‎2．—Could you finish the task in two days?‎ ‎——____．I have something else to do these days．[淄博]‎ A．I could not B．Yes，I think so C．I'm afraid so D．I'm afraid not ‎3．—There was an earthquake(地震)in Yunnan on June 3， and several persons lost their lives．‎ ‎—_____________[·安徽芜湖]‎ A．I'm sorry to hear that． B．What's the matter with them? C．Never mind． D．Are they a11 right?‎ ‎4． 一 I'll be away on holiday．Would you mind looking after my cat?‎ 一Not at a11．_________.[青岛]‎ A．I have no time B．I'd rather not C．You can leave D．I'd be happy to ‎5．一Would you like to come to my birthday party next Sunday?‎ 一Oh，thanks a lot_____．[济南]‎ A．Yes，please B．Yes，1 would C．I'd 1ove to D．I've no idea ‎6．一How often do you write to your uncle?‎ 一__________________.[济南]‎ A．Once a month B．One month C．In a month D．For a month ‎7．—Do you think you will lose the game?‎ 一No．___________.[浙江]‎ A．I hope so B．I'm sure C．I hope not D．I'm afraid so ‎8．—Can we sit at the table by the window?‎ 一0K．__________.[ 浙江衢州] ‎ A．That's right B．Never mind C．This way，please D．I am sorry ‎9．—Thank you for the present you sent me．It's so nice．‎ 一______________.[威海]‎ A．No，thanks B．I'm glad you like it C．Please don't say so D．No，it isn't so good ‎10．—Was Mr. Green badly hurt in the accident?‎ 一____．He is still in hospital now．[厦门]‎ A．I don't think so B．I'm afraid so C．I hope so ‎11．—Why don't you stay here for a few more minutes? ‎ 一____，and my patents will be worried．[厦门]‎ A．It's getting 1ate B．All right C．It's 0K ‎12．—Happy birthday，Tom．‎ ‎---______________. [武汉]‎ A．With pleasure B．Thanks a lot C．You，too D．The same t0 you ‎13．—Would you come to the party tonight?‎ 一Yes，___________.[武汉]‎ A．I would be B．I like C．I do D．I'd like to ‎14．—Oh，Mary's not here these days．Is she ill?‎ ‎—____．Her mother told me that she was in hospital． [江西] ‎ A．I am afraid so B．I hope not C．I don't mind D．I don't think so ‎15．一How about seeing the film Roman Holiday tonight?‎ 一_____________.[南通]‎ A．Thank you B．Never mind C．Good idea D．Not at a11‎ ‎16．—_________?‎ 一0nly￡5．It is very cheap．[温州]‎ A．What time is it B．How many do you want C．How much is it D．What's wrong ‎17．一Would you please pass me toddy's newspaper?‎ ‎—_____________.[ 临沂]‎ A．Yes，please B．Here you are C．You are welcome D．I think so ‎18． 一May I use your computer this afternoon?‎ ‎—________________.[ 宁波]‎ A．It's a pity B．Not at all C．No problem D．Not too bad ‎19．—My sister has lost the chalice to work in Guangzhou．‎ 一_________![浙江] ‎ A．Well done B．Good luck C．What a pity D．Congratulations ‎20．—Would you like to go out for a walk with us after supper?‎ ‎—____But I must finish my homework first．[山东潍坊]‎ A．‎0f course not． B．That's all right． C．Yes，I do． D．I'd love to．‎ ‎【参考答案】www.z3k5u.com ‎1．答案：C解析：上句说要去旅行，所以下句应祝他“旅行愉快”，选C。‎ ‎2．答案：D解析：本题考查交际用语。由后句“这些天我还有别的事要做”可知，“很可能完不成”，但语气要委婉，选D，表示“恐怕不能”。‎ ‎3．答案：A解析：本题考查交际用语。当听到别人不好的消息时，如生病了、受伤了、死亡了等都要说：I'm sorry to hear that．‎ ‎4．答案：D解析：由Not at all．可知，“她愿意照顾小猫”，故选D。‎ ‎5．答案：C解析：本题考查交际用语。由thanks a lot"多谢”可知，“我愿意”，用I'd like to或I'd love to回答，故选C。‎ ‎6．答案：A解析：由How often"多久一次”决定答语为表示频率的词、短语或句子，选A。‎ ‎7．答案：C解析：问句的结果要在将来发生，而由答语中No可知不希望看到这种结果，故用：I hope not．‎ ‎8．答案：C解析：本题考查交际用语。这是服务员与顾客的一组对话，顾客问“我们可以坐靠近窗子的那张桌子吗?”服务员回答了“可以，请走这边。”，故选c。‎ ‎9．答案：B解析：B项“很高兴你喜欢它”符合题意。‎ ‎10．答案：B解析：本题考查交际用语，由下句“现在他还在医院”可判断，前句应为“恐怕是这样”，故选B。‎ ‎11．答案：A解析：由下句"我父母会担心的”可判断，不同意上文的建议，故B、c排除，只有A项“天晚了”来表示委婉的不同意，故选A。‎ ‎12．答案：B解析：当别人祝你“生日快乐”时，你要说“谢谢”。‎ ‎13．答案：D解析：本题考查交际用语。上句“今晚你将来参加晚会吗?”下句的Yes表明愿意，所以用I'd like to或I'd love to，故选D。‎ ‎14．答案：A解析：由下句“她母亲告诉我她在医院里”推测出，“恐怕是病了”，所以选A“恐怕是这样”。‎ ‎15．答案：C解析：由句意“今天晚上看《罗马假日》这部电影怎么样?”，答语应为“好主意”。‎ ‎16．答案：C解析：本题考查交际用语。根据答语知是“询问价格”。故选C。‎ ‎17．答案：B解析：本题考查交际用语。上句为“你能递给我今天的报纸吗?”，下句应为“给你”。‎ ‎18．答案：C解析：本题考查may引导的一般疑问句的答语。问句意为“今天下午我可以用你的电脑吗?”，A项意为“很遗憾”；B项意为“根本不”；C项意为“没问题”；D项意为“不是太糟糕”。只有C项符合题意。‎ ‎19．答案：C解析：由上句句意“我姐姐已失去了在广州工作的机会”可知，下句应为表示可惜的话，选C。‎ ‎20．答案：D解析：“Would you like to…?”的肯定答语常用：Yes，I'd like to．‎