初一英语下册语法知识总汇

初一英语下册语法知识总汇

Unit 1 Where's your pen pal from?‎ 一、词组 be from= come from 来自... pen pal=pen friend 笔友 like and dislike 好恶；爱憎 live in....在...居住 speak English 讲英语 play sports 做体育运动 a little French 一些法语 go to the movies 去看电影 an action movie 一部动作片 on weekends 在周末 Excuse me 对不起，打扰 get to 到达、抵达 beginning of 在...开始的时候 at the end of 在...结束的时候 arrive at /‎ 二、句型 ‎（1）、Where主 +be+主语＋from?‎ 主语＋be+from+地点.‎ ‎（2）、Where do/does+主语＋live?‎ ‎ 主语＋live/lives in...‎ ‎（3）、What language do/does +主语+speak?‎ ‎ 主语＋speak/speaks....‎ ‎（4）、主语＋like/likes+doing...‎ 三、日常交际用语 ‎1－Where is your pen pal from? －He's from China.‎ ‎2－Where does she live? -－She lives in Tokyo.‎ ‎3－Does she speak English? －Yes, she does/No, she dosen't.‎ ‎4－Is that your new pen pal? －Yes, he is /No, he isn't.‎ ‎5－What language does she speak? －She speaks English.‎ Unit 2 Where's the post office 一、词组 post office 邮局 pay phone 投币式公用电话 next to 在...隔壁 across from 在...对面 in front of 在...前面 between...and... 在...和...之间 on a street 在街上 in the neighborhood 在附近 on the right/left 在右边／在左边 turn right/left 向右／左转 ‎ on one's right/left 在某人的右边／左边 take a walk 散步 have fun 玩得开心 the way to ...去...的路 take a taxi 打的／乘出租车 go down(along)...沿着...走 have a good trip 旅途愉快 go through...穿过...‎ 二、句型 ‎(1)、Is there a bank near here?‎ ‎ Yes,there is .It's on Centre Street.（肯定) No,there isn't. (否定)‎ ‎(2)、Where's the supermarket? It's next to the library.‎ ‎(3)、Bridge Street is a good place to have fun.‎ ‎(4)、I hope you have a good trip.‎ ‎(5)、If you are hungry,you can buy food in the restaurant.‎ ‎(6)、Talk a walk though the park..‎ ‎(7)、enjoy后接名词或动词-ing形式.‎ ‎ Do you enoy(=like) your work? ‎ ‎ Do you enjoy(=like) living in the city?‎ 三、日常交际用语 ‎(1)、Is there a ....?句型Eg:‎ ‎ -Excuse me.Is there a hotel in the neighborhood.‎ ‎ -Yes, there is. No.there isn't ‎(2)、Where is ...?句型Eg:‎ ‎-Where is the park,please?‎ ‎-It's behind the bank.(肯定回答) -I'm sorry I don't know. (否定回答)‎ ‎(3)、Which is the way to +地点? 句型.例如：‎ ‎- Which is the way to the library.‎ ‎(4)、How can I get to +地点?句型.例如：‎ ‎ -How can I get to the restaurant?‎ ‎(5)、Can you tell me the way to +地点？句型.例 ‎- Can you tell me the way to the post office?‎ ‎(6)、Let me tell you the way to my house.‎ ‎(7)、Just go straight and turn left.‎ Unit 3 Why do you like koalas?‎ 一、词组 want to do sth .想要做某事 Let sb do sth 让某人做某事 want sb to do sth 想要某做某事 want sth 想要某物 kind of 有几分种类 ‎ ‎...years old ...年龄 如：ten years old 十岁 a kind of 一种...‎ like to do sth 喜欢做某事 like doing sth喜欢做某事 play with ... 与...一起玩 be quiet 安静 during the day 在白天 at night 在夜间 have a look at.. 看... one...the other 一个...另一个...‎ 二、句型 ‎(1)、-why do you like pandas? -Because they're very cure.‎ ‎(2)、-Why dose he like koalas? -Because they are kind of interesting.‎ ‎(3)、-Where are lions from? -Lions are from South Africa.‎ ‎(4)、-What animals do you like? -I like elephants.‎ 三、日常交际用语 ‎(1)、-Let's see the lions.‎ ‎(2)-Why do you want to see the lions? -Becase they are very cute.‎ ‎(3)-Do you like giraffes? Yes,I do./ No,I don't ‎(4)-What other animal do you like? _I like dogs.too other+ 名词的复数.表示没有特定的数量范围 the other+名词的复数表示有特定的数量范围.‎ ‎ (5)-Why are you looking at me? -Because you are very cute.‎ ‎(6)-Let us play games. -Great! Let me see.‎ Unit 4 I want to be an actor.‎ 一、词组 want to be+职业 想要成为… shop assistant 店员 bank clerk 银行职员 work with 与…一起工作 work hard 努力工作 work for 为…而工作 work as 作为…而工作 get.. from...从…获得…‎ give sth.to.sb /give.sb.sth 把某物给某人 正确的表示：give it/them to sb. 错误的表示：give sb.it/them in the day 在白天 at night 在夜间 talk to /with 与...讲话 go out to dinners 外出吃饭 in a hospital 在医院 newspaper reporter 报社记者 movie actor 电影演员 二、句型 ‎(1)-What do/does+某人+do?‎ 例：-What do you do?-I'm a student. -What dose he do? He's a teacher.‎ ‎(2)-What do/does+某人+want to be?‎ 例：What do you want to be?-I want to be a teacher.‎ ‎-What does she want to be ?She want to be a nuser.‎ ‎(3)-Where does your sister work? -She works in a hospital.‎ ‎(4)-Does he work in the hospiat Yes.he does/No,he doesn't ‎(5)-Does she work late? -Yes,she does/No.she doesn't ‎(6)－英语中询问职业的几种表达方式：‎ What do/does ...do?‎ What is...? What is your father?‎ What's one's job?例：What's your father's job?‎ ‎ ‎ Unit 5 I'm watching TV.‎ 一、词组 do homework 做家庭作业 watch TV 看电视 eat dinner 吃饭；就餐 clean the room 打扫房间 read newspaper/a book 看报纸／看书 go to the movies 看电影 write a letter 写信 wait for 等待；等候 talk about 谈论… play basketball/soccer/ 打篮球／踢足球 take photos 拍照 TV show 电视节目 Some of… …中的一些 a photo of my family 我的家庭照 at school 在学校 be with 和…一起 in the tree 在树上 二、句型 ‎(1)-What+be+主语+doing? ....正在做什么？‎ ‎ -主语＋be+doing。。。 ...正在做某事。‎ 例： －what are you doing? -I'm doing my homework.‎ ‎(2)-Thanks for ... 为。。。而感谢 ‎ 例：Thanks for your letter.‎ ‎(3)-Here are/is...‎ 例：Here are some of my photos. Here is a photo of my family.‎ ‎(4)-That sounds good.‎ ‎(5)-This TV show is boring.‎ 三、日常交际用语 ‎(1)-Do you want to go to the movices? -Sure.‎ ‎(2)-When do you want to go? -Let's go at seven.‎ ‎(3)-Where do people play basketball? -At school.‎ ‎(4)-What's he waiting for?-He's waiting for a bus.‎ ‎(5)-What's he reading? He's reading a newspaper.‎ ‎ 1)现在在进行时的形式是：‎ 助动词be(am,is,are)+动词-ing形式（也叫现在分词），表示现在（说话的瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作。‎ ‎2)现在进行时的肯定句形式 主语+be(am,is,are)+动词现在分词+其他 I'm watching TV.‎ ‎3)现在进行时的否定句形式 主语+be(am,is,are)+not+动词现在分词+其他 They are not playing soccer.‎ ‎4)现在进行时的一般疑问句形式及回答:‎ Is(am,are)+主语+动词现在分词+其他?‎ Yes,主语+is/am/are. No,主语+isn't/aren't/am not.‎ Are you reading? Yes,I am. No,I am not.‎ ‎5) 现在进行时的特殊疑问句形式:‎ 特殊疑问词+is/am/are+主语+现在分词+其他?‎ 例:What is your brother doing?‎ ‎6) 动词+ing形式(现在分词)的构成.‎ ‎1一般情况下在动词词结尾加-ing.‎ 如: eat--eating, do-doing,clean-cleaning,‎ play-playing,‎ ‎2以不发音的元音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e再加-ing.‎ 如:take--taking,write-writing,have-having come-coming.dance--dancing ‎3词尾如果是以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词.应该先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ing.‎ 如:run-running,sit-sitting ,swim-swimming.‎ Shop-shopping. put-putting, sit-sitting Unit 6 It's raining!‎ 一、词组 Around The World 世界各地 On vacation 度假 Take photos 拍照 On the beach 在海边 a group of people 一群人 play beach volleyball 打沙滩排球 be surprised 惊讶的 be surprised at sth./sb.对某人或某人感到惊讶 in this heat 在酷暑中 have a good time 玩得很痛快 in different kind of weather 在不同的天气里 be relaxed 放松 Thank sb for(doing)sth由于（做）某事而感谢某人 How's it going? 近况如何 Some...others...一些...另一些...‎ Look like..看起来像… ‎ 二、句型／日常交际用语 ‎(1)-How's the weather(+地点)? -It's raining?‎ ‎(2)-What's the weather like?-It's sunny./It's cold and snowing. ‎ ‎(3)-How's it going? -Great./Not bad.‎ ‎(4)Thanks you for joining CCTV's Around The World show?‎ ‎(5)-Is Aunt Wang there? -Yes,she is/No,she isn't Unit 7 What dose he look like?‎ 一、词组 look like 看起来像.... a pop singer 一位流行歌手 curly /short/straight/long hair 卷／短／直发 medium height/build 中等高度／身体 a little bit 一点儿...‎ play的用法。 wear glasses 戴眼镜 have a new look 呈现新面貌 go shopping 去购物 the captain of the basketball team 篮球队队长 Nobody knows me 没有人认识我 二、句型 ‎1) --What does he look like? --He's really short.He has short hair.‎ ‎2) --She has beautiful,long black hair.‎ ‎3) --I don't think he's so great .‎ ‎4) --What do you look like? I'm tall.I'm thin.‎ ‎5) --What do they look like?- --They are medium height.‎ ‎ 6) --She never stops talking.‎ ‎ --Stop doing(sth)表示停止正在干的事.‎ 如:He stop listening ‎--stop to do (sth)表示停下来去做某事 如:He stops to listen.‎ ‎7)I can go shopping and nobody knows me.‎ Unit 8 I'd like some noodles.‎ ‎1.词组 would like 想要 a large/medium/small bowl 大碗/中碗/小碗 what size 什么尺寸 orange juice 桔汁 green tea 绿茶 phone number 电话号码 as well as 而且 what kind of 表示....的种类 a bottle fo orange juice 一瓶桔子汁 three oranges 三个桔子(可数)‎ a bottle fo orange j 一瓶桔子汁(不可数) a kind of 一种...‎ some chicken 一些鸡肉(不可数) some kind of 许多种...‎ three chickens 三只小鸡(可数) a bowl of rice 一碗米饭 二句型 ‎1)What kind of ... would you like? 你想要...?‎ EG:--What kind of noodles would you like?‎ ‎ --Beef and tomato noodles. please.‎ ‎2)We have lare ,medium,and small bowls.‎ ‎3)I like dumplings,I don't lkee noodles.‎ 三日常交际用语 ‎(1)-Can I help you? --I'd like some noodles.please.‎ ‎(2)--what kind of noodles would you like?‎ ‎ --I'd like mutton and potato noodles. Please.‎ ‎( 3)-Would you like a cup fo green tea? --Yes,please./No,thanks would like后面还可以跟不定式.即:‎ A:would like to do.sth.想要做某事. He would like to see you today.‎ B:would like sb.to.do.sth.想要某人做某事 ‎ What would you like me to do.‎ Unit 9 How was your weekend?‎ 一、词组 do one's homework 做某人的家庭作业 如：do my homework 做我的家庭作业 play +运动或棋类 如：play soccer 踢足球 play chess 下棋 play +乐器 如：play the guitar 弹吉他 go to the movies 去看电影 do some reading 阅读 study for the (math) test 准备（数学）考试 stay at home 呆家里 go to summer camp 去夏令营 go to the mountains 去爬山 visit sb 拜访某人 go shopping 去购物 last month 上个月 three days ago 三天前 yesterday 昨天 look for 寻找 go for a walk 散步 in the morning/afternoon/evening 在早上／在下午／在晚上 play computer games 玩电脑游戏 It was time to do sth 该。。。的时候了 二、句型 ‎（1）I visited my aunt last weekend.‎ ‎ (2)-- How was your weekend? --It was great./OK ‎ (3)-It was time to go home.‎ 三、日常交际用语 ‎(1)-What did you do last weekend?‎ ‎ --On Saturday morning,I played teenis.‎ ‎(2)-How was your weekend? --It was great.I went to the brach.‎ 一般过去时态 一般过去时态表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,动词通常用一般过去式来表示,除动词be的过去式was/were有人称变化,其他都没人称的变化.‎ 过去式的构成 ‎(1) 一般情况下在动词词尾加-ed.如: ‎ stay-stayed help-helped visit-visited ‎(2) 词尾是e的动词加-d.‎ 如:like-liked live-lived ‎(3) 以一个元音字母加一个辅音结尾的重读闭章节应双写该辅音字母,再加-ed.如: stop-stopped plan-planned ‎(4) 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,要将y改为i再加-ed.如: study-studied worry-worried ‎(5) 不规则动词的过去 am/is-was are-were have-had go-went find-found do-did see-saw Unit 10 Where did you go on vacation?‎ 一、词组 ptetty good 相当好；不错 in the conner 在角落 kind of boring 有点无聊 be lost 迷路 feel happy 感到高兴 be fun 很有趣 on vacation 在度假 Central Park 中央公园 the Great Wall 长城 the Palace Museum 故宫 Tian'an Men Square 天安门广场 二、句型 ‎(1)-Where did you go on vacation? --I went to the breach.‎ ‎(2)-How was the weather? --It was hot and humid.‎ ‎(3)--It was kind of boring ‎(4)-That made me feel very happy.‎ ‎(5)--We had great fun playing in the water.‎ ‎ --have great fun doing sth表示"愉快地做某事"，"做某事很有趣"‎ ‎(6)I helped him find his father.That made me feel very happy.‎ help sb.(to)do.sth.帮助某人做某事（to可省）‎ make sb.do.sth. 使某人做某事 let sb.do.sth.‎ Let me help you carry(搬动) it.‎ ‎(7)I found a small boy crying in the conner.‎ find sb.doing sth.发现某人正在做某事。‎ find sb.do.sth.发现某人做某事（整个过程）‎ Unit 11 What do you think of game shows?‎ 一、词组 talk show 谈话节目 soap opera 肥皂剧 sports show 体育节目 game show 比赛节目 think of 认为 how about... ...怎么样？＝what about...‎ in fact 事实上 talk to(with)... 跟 ...谈话 a thirteen-year-old boy 一个13岁的男孩＝The boy is thirteen years old thanks for... 为...感谢 each student 每个学生 key ring 钥匙链 baseball cap 棒球帽 the school magazine 校刊 can't stand 不能忍受 don't mind 不介意／无所谓／不在乎 二、句型 ‎(1)-What do you think of situation comedy? -- I love them ‎ ‎(2)-I asked students about fashion.‎ ‎(3)-This is what I think.‎ ‎(4)--I don't mind what young people think of me!‎ ‎(5)-Can you please put my letter in next month's magazine?‎ 三、日常交际用语 ‎(1)-What do you think of suop operas?‎ ‎ --- I love them/I don't mind them/I can't stand them/I don't like.‎ ‎(2)-How about you? ---I do.too.‎ ‎(3)--What do you think of ...? --=How do you like...?‎ 如：What do you think of the picture? =How do you like the picture?‎ Unit 12 Don't eat in class.‎ 一、词组 school rules 学校规章制度 break the rules 违反规章制度 in the hallways 在过道 listen to music 听音乐 in the music room 在音乐教室里 in the dining hall 在餐厅 sports shoes 运动鞋 gym class 体育课 after school 放学后 have to do 不得不做 too many 太多 get up 起床 by ten o'clock 十点之前 make dinner 做饭 the children's palace 少年宫 二、句型 ‎(1)-Don't arrive late for class.‎ ‎(2)-We can't listen to music in the hallways,but we can listen to it outside.‎ ‎(3)-What else do you have to do? -- We have to clean the classroom.‎ ‎(4)--Can we wear hats in school? --Yes,we can/ No,we can't.‎ ‎(5)-Do you have to wear a uniform at school?‎ ‎ -Yes,we do /No,we don't.‎ 重难点精析 祈使句 ‎ 通常用来表示命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告等语气。它的主语you(听话人)通常省略。其构成通常有以下几种形式。‎ ‎1)Be型（即系动词原型be+表语＋其他）。‎ 如：Be quiet,please. 否定句Don't + be+表语+其他。‎ 如：Don't be angry.‎ ‎2)Do型（即系动词原形＋宾语＋其他）。如：‎ ‎ Open you books,please.‎ ‎ 否定句Don't +实义动词原形+宾语+其他。‎ ‎ 如：Don't eat in the classroom.‎ ‎3)Let型（即Let+宾语+动词原形+其他）如：‎ Let me help you.‎ Let's go at six o'clock.‎ 否定句一般在宾语后加not。如：Let' not watch TV.‎ ‎4)No+V-ing型（此种形式通常用于公共场合的提示语中，意为"禁止做某事"）如：‎ No smoking! 严禁吸烟！ No talking! 不许交谈！‎ No passing! 禁止通行！ No parking! 不许停车