【英语】2019届二轮复习书面表达全国卷中书信九大类型写作解读及解题指导（62页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习书面表达全国卷中书信九大类型写作解读及解题指导（62页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习书面表达全国卷中书信九大类型写作解读及解题指导 第一讲 答题不规范怎么办——9大模板“让你套”‎ 应用文是每年高考考查频率最高的体裁之一，近几年全国卷高考主要考查书信写作，体裁涵盖求助信、建议信、感谢信、邀请信、投诉信、申请信、推荐信、道歉信、普通书信/电子邮件等。从阅卷情况来看，有一部分考生因信件书写不规范而失分。为让考生少丢“冤枉分”，我们先从书信的书写规范讲起。‎ 求助信 ‎[题型特点]‎ 求助信是指写信人就某一个问题向收信人寻求帮助，希望收信人就写信人提出的问题提供帮助或给出针对性的解决方法。其结构为：‎ 求助信 ‎[常用句式]‎ ‎1．开头常用语 ‎①My name is ...; I’m writing to you for some help.‎ 我的名字是……我写信向你求助。‎ ‎②I’m writing a letter to you to get some help about ...‎ 我给你写信是想得到……方面的一些帮助。‎ ‎③I am writing to ask you to do me a favor. I have some difficulty in doing ..., which bothers me a lot. So I have no choice but to turn to you for help.‎ 我写信向你求助。我在做……方面有困难，这很困扰我。所以我别无选择只能向你求助。‎ ‎2．主体部分常用语 ‎①I have met much difficulty in ...‎ 我在……方面遇到了很多困难。‎ ‎②In the meanwhile/At the same time, I beg you to ...so that ...‎ 同时，我请求你……这样……‎ ‎③I’m eager to get your timely help./I’m eager for your timely help.‎ 我渴望得到你及时的帮助。‎ ‎④Faced with/Facing so many difficulties, I have to turn to you for help.‎ 面对如此多的困难，我不得不向你求助。‎ ‎3．结尾常用语 ‎①I will be very grateful if you could help me .../I would appreciate it if you could do me ‎ a favor and ...‎ 如果你能帮助我……我会非常感激。‎ ‎②We do hope you can give us some advice.‎ 我们非常希望你能给我们一些建议。‎ ‎③Looking forward to your reply.And I’d be really thankful.‎ 期待你的回复。我非常感激。‎ ‎[黄金模板]‎ Dear Sir/Madam，‎ I’m________________.(自我介绍) I’m writing to get some help about _______.(说明写信目的)‎ I have met many difficulties in ...(遇到的困难) First, ...Besides, ...What’s more, ...(分层次说明自己的困难)‎ Faced with so many difficulties, I have to ask you for some help. Would you like to ...so that ...？(请求一) In the meanwhile, I beg you to ...(请求二) Also, I would like you to ...(请求三) I would appreciate it if you could do me a favor and ...(表示感激)‎ Looking forward to your reply.(表达期望)‎ Yours truly，‎ Li Hua ‎ ‎[范文鉴赏]　(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)‎ Dear Ms Jenkins，‎ I am Li Hua. I am writing to tell you something about my plan for the coming summer vacation and I also want you to do me a favor.(写信目的)‎ In order to get some practical experience, I am planning to take a parttime job in a foreign capital company. I have already finished my application and resume. But this is the first time that I have written an application and the personal resume, so I don’t know if there is something to pay attention to. (讲述困难) So, I’m writing you the letter, hoping you can give me some help. I will be very grateful if you can do me the favor.(提出请求)‎ Looking forward to your reply. And I’d be really thankful. (表达期望)‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 建议信 ‎[题型特点]‎ 建议信是生活中常见的一种文体，是写信人向收信人对某事提出的建议和忠告。建议信可能是写给个人，也可能是写给某个组织或机构，信的内容要包括写信的原因、建议的内容、提出建议的理由。建议信要写得简明扼要、目的明确、具有合理性和说服力。‎ 具体写作步骤一般是“三段式”，通常以firstly, secondly, thirdly或to begin/start with, then, later, last but not least 等依次陈述建议，具体结构为：‎ 建议信 ‎[常用句式]‎ ‎1．开头常用语 ‎①I know you have trouble in ... after reading your letter. I am writing to give you some suggestions/give you a hand. ‎ 在读了你的信后，我知道你在……上有困难。我写这封信的目的是给你一些建议/帮助。‎ ‎②You’ve asked me for advice with regard to/regarding ...and I’ll try to make some useful suggestions here. ‎ 关于……你向我征求建议，在此，我将尽力提出一些有用的建议。‎ ‎③I’m sorry to know that you are having trouble with/in doing ... at the moment.‎ 得知此刻你遇到……麻烦我深感遗憾。‎ ‎④I’m very glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how ...‎ 非常高兴收到你的来信，在信中，关于如何……你向我征求意见。‎ ‎2．主体部分常用语 ‎①When it comes to/As for ... I would like to suggest/recommend ...‎ 涉及/关于……我想建议……‎ ‎②The following are my suggestions./My suggestions are as follows.‎ 我的建议如下。‎ ‎③In my opinion/Personally/As far as I’m concerned, it would be wise to take the following action. ‎ 在我看来，采取如下行动是明智的。‎ ‎④You may/might as well do ...‎ 你不妨做……‎ ‎⑤I would like to suggest that ...‎ 我想建议……‎ ‎⑥If I were you, I would ...‎ 如果我是你，我会……‎ ‎⑦It seems to me that you could ...‎ 我认为你可以……‎ ‎⑧I think it would be more beneficial if you could ...‎ 我想如果你能……可能会更有利。‎ ‎3．结尾常用语 ‎①I hope you will find these suggestions helpful./I hope my suggestions will be of benefit to you.‎ 我希望你认为这些建议有帮助。/我希望我的建议对你有益。‎ ‎②I hope you will take my advice into consideration. If you have any questions or requirements, please do not hesitate to tell me./If you have any questions, please feel free to ask me at any time.‎ 我希望你会考虑我的建议。如果你有任何问题或要求，请毫不犹豫地告诉我。/如果你有任何问题，请随时问我。‎ ‎③I believe you will take my advice into account/consideration seriously.‎ 我相信你会认真考虑我的建议的。‎ ‎[黄金模板]‎ Dear ________，(建议对象)‎ I’m glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to____________.(引出对方需要建议的主题)‎ Here are a few suggestions.(引出作者建议) First, it is important to________.Then, it also helps to_______________. Besides, it should be a good idea to__________________.You can also________.‎ 可以根据要求用不同的句式提出建议，如下：‎ As to________， I suggest ________.(需要具体到某一方面) In addition，__________.(其他的建议) I’m sure _______________.(预测可能的结果，给对方以行动的信心和决心)‎ I hope __________.(表达愿望)‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Hua ‎[范文鉴赏]‎ Dear Peter, ‎ I’m glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to learn Chinese well. (引出建议主题) Here are a few suggestions. (引出个人建议) First, it is important to take a Chinese course, as you’ll be able to learn from the teacher and practice with your fellow students. Then, it also helps to watch TV, and read books, newspapers and magazines in Chinese whenever possible. Besides, it should be a good idea to learn and sing Chinese songs, because by doing so you’ll learn and remember Chinese words more easily. You can also make more Chinese friends. They will tell you a lot about China and help you learn Chinese.(具体建议)‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Hua ‎ 感谢信 ‎[题型特点]‎ 感谢信是重要的礼仪文书，是向帮助、关心和支持过自己的集体或个人表示感谢的书信，有感谢和表扬双重意思。其结构为：‎ 感谢信 ‎[常用句式]‎ ‎1．开头常用语 ‎①I am writing to extend my thanks/convey my gratitude to you for ...‎ 我写这封信是因为……表达我对你的感激。‎ ‎②I would like to convey in this letter my heartfelt thanks to you for ...‎ 在信中我要为……向您表达我诚挚的谢意。‎ ‎③Thank you so much for the gift you sent me. It’s one of the most wonderful gifts I ever got.‎ 非常感谢你给我寄来的礼物，这是我收到的最好的礼物之一。‎ ‎④I’d like to take this opportunity to express my appreciation for your timely help and assistance.‎ 我谨借此机会表达对您给予我们及时的帮助和支持的感激。‎ ‎⑤On behalf of my whole family, I would like to extend my sincere gratitude for ...‎ 我谨代表我全家对……表示真诚的感激之情。‎ ‎⑥I will be more than pleased if I have the opportunity to repay your kindness by ...‎ 如果我有机会通过……报答你的好意，我会非常高兴。‎ ‎⑦Many thanks for all the things you have done in helping us to ...‎ 非常感谢你为帮助我们……所做的一切。‎ ‎2．结尾常用语 ‎①Nothing will be able to erase our wonderful memories, we will remember them forever.‎ 没有什么能抹掉我们美好的记忆，我们会永远牢记在心。‎ ‎②Again, I would like to express my warm thanks to you！/Thanks again for your kind help.‎ 我再次对你表示衷心的感谢。/对你的热心帮助再次表示感谢。‎ ‎③Please accept my sincere thanks and best wishes.‎ 请接受我诚挚的感谢和最美好的祝愿。‎ ‎[黄金模板]‎ Dear ______，(感谢对象)‎ I am writing to extend my sincere gratitude to you for____________.(感谢的原因) If it ‎ had not been for your assistance in ________________，(对方给你的具体帮助) I fear that I would have been ________________.(没有对方帮助的结果)‎ Everyone agrees that it was you who____________.(给出细节)‎ Again, I would like to express my warm thanks to you! Please accept my gratitude.‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Hua ‎ ‎[范文鉴赏]‎ Dear Li Ping，‎ How about your life? I’m writing to thank you for your warm reception during my visit to Beijing this summer holiday.(感谢的原因)‎ During the visit, I stayed at your home, and you cooked three delicious meals for me. And you showed me around quite a few places of interest, such as the Great Wall, the Forbidden City and the Summer Palace. Besides, you took many beautiful photos of me. What’s more, you went shopping with me. I really had a wonderful time. Another thing that I should mention is that your parents were so kind to drive us. (具体帮助的细节)‎ Thank you for your kindness again and give my best regards to your parents. (再次感谢)‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Hua ‎ 邀请信 ‎[题型特点]‎ 邀请信是邀请收信人参加某项活动的书信，在写作时，语气要热情真挚，不要强人所难，其结构为：‎ 邀请信 ‎[常用句式]‎ ‎1．开头常用语 ‎①We’re throwing a surprise party for ... We’d like to invite you to ... /It’s my honor to invite you to ...‎ 我们将为……举办惊喜派对。我们想邀请你……/我非常荣幸地邀请你……‎ ‎②We are having/planning ...on ... and we feel it would be a great idea if you can join us.‎ 我们将于……举行……，如果你能加入我们就太好了。‎ ‎③I am writing to invite you to .../I’m writing to tell you that there will be a ...‎ ‎ 我写信邀请你……/我写信告诉你有一个(场)……‎ ‎④I am very pleased to invite you to participate in ... to be held from ... to ... in ...‎ 我很高兴邀请你参加从……到……在……举行的……‎ ‎⑤ It is my pleasure/a great honor for me to invite you to ...‎ 如能邀请你参加……是我莫大的荣幸。‎ ‎2．主体部分常用语 ‎①Here are some details about this activity./The following are some details about this activity./Some details about this activity are as follows.‎ 活动的细节如下。‎ ‎②I would like to meet you there and please let me know your decision soon.‎ 我想在那里见到你，请尽快告诉我你的决定。‎ ‎③I am sure you will have a good time at ...‎ 我相信你们在……将会玩得开心。‎ ‎3．结尾常用语 ‎①I would feel very honored if you could come./We would appreciate it if you could confirm your participation at your early convenience./An early reply is appreciated.‎ 如果你能来，我将倍感荣幸。/如果你能尽早在你方便时确认参加，我们将不胜感激。/感激你的早日回复。‎ ‎②My phone number is ... /Looking forward to ...‎ 我的电话号码是……/盼望……‎ ‎③My family and I would feel much honored if you could come.‎ 如果你能来，我和我的家人将会感到非常荣幸。‎ ‎④I hope that you won’t decline my invitation.‎ 我希望你不会拒绝我的邀请。‎ ‎⑤Would you please drop me a line to let me know if you can come to ...?‎ 如果你能来……请写信告诉我，好吗？‎ ‎⑥If you are interested in it, let me know and I’ll send you more information.‎ 如果你对此感兴趣，告诉我，我会给你发送更多的信息。‎ ‎[黄金模板]‎ Dear ________，(邀请对象)‎ How’s everything with you? I’m writing to tell you that there will be a ________(活动) at/in ________(地点)on ________(时间)．I wonder if you’d like to go with me.(发出邀请)‎ The occasion will start at ________.(具体时间) This will be followed by a________.(进一步的安排) At around____________(时间)，______________.(另一个安排)‎ If you are interested in it, let me know. Hope to meet you at the_________. /I really hope you can make it.(再次邀请) My phone number is ________(电话号码)．Looking forward to____________.‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Ming ‎ ‎[范文鉴赏]‎ Dear Jim，‎ I’m writing to tell you my exciting plan for the summer holiday. I intend to join a Dragon Boat Training Camp. I wonder if you’d like to go with me.(点出活动；发出邀请)‎ This camp will open on July 20th. It offers teenagers, like you and me, a chance to enjoy sports and learn about Chinese culture. If you are interested in it, let me know and I’ll send you more information.(具体时间、大致内容等)‎ Hope to meet you at the training camp this summer. (再次邀请)‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 投诉信 ‎[题型特点]‎ 在生活中，通常用写投诉信的方式解决诸如消费利益受损、正常生活和工作受到干扰等问题。‎ 投诉信通常包括以下几个方面的内容：说明投诉的原因并表示遗憾；实事求是地阐述问题发生的经过，切记不要夸大其词；指出问题引起的后果；提出批评及处理的意见或敦促对方采取措施，或者提出所希望的赔偿以及补救方式。其结构为：‎ 投诉信 ‎[常用句式]‎ ‎1．开头常用语 ‎①I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with/at ...‎ 我写此信表达我对……的不满。‎ ‎②I’m ... who bought ... from your website several days ago. I am writing to complain about ...‎ 我是几天前从你们的网站上购买了……的……。我写信投诉……‎ ‎③I was very disappointed to see ...‎ 我非常失望地发现……‎ ‎2．主体部分常用语 ‎①I have suffered a lot of pains.‎ 我遭受了很大的痛苦。‎ ‎②I can hardly put up with it any more.‎ 我再也无法容忍它。‎ ‎③I am completely disappointed to find ... To improve the situation, it is advisable for you to take the following measures./I do hope that someone will take effective measures to deal with this matter.‎ 当我发现……我彻底失望了。为了改进这种情况，建议你采取以下措施。/我真的希望有人能采取有效措施解决这个问题。‎ ‎3．结尾常用语 ‎①I would be very delighted if you could consider my complaint seriously. I do hope ...will be improved as soon as possible./I do hope you can give me a satisfactory reply as soon as possible. Thank you for your consideration.‎ 如果你能认真对待我的投诉，我会非常高兴。我确实希望……将会尽快得到改善。/我确实希望你可以尽快给我一个满意的答复。感谢你的体谅。‎ ‎②If you do not solve this problem, I will/shall ...‎ 如果你们不解决这一问题，我将……‎ ‎③... refund the cost and pay me damages.‎ ‎……退回费用并赔偿我的损失。‎ ‎④I hope you will kindly investigate ...‎ 我希望你对……进行调查。‎ ‎⑤I would like you to get this matter settled by the end of this month.‎ 我想让你月底前解决这件事情。‎ ‎[黄金模板]‎ Dear Sir/Madam，‎ My name is/I’m ________.(自我介绍) I am writing to you for something/to tell you something about ________(投诉的内容)．‎ ‎_____________.(简述导致矛盾的事件) I__________.(表达本人曾做过的努力) But ________________. (投诉原因一)Besides, ________________.(投诉原因二) To be frank，____________.(客观的评论，以示诚恳) I do hope/I require that___________.(表达本人期待的解决方案)‎ Thank you for your time and kind consideration.(信件结尾的常用语)‎ Yours，‎ ‎________‎ ‎[范文鉴赏]‎ Dear Headmaster，‎ I am a student in Class One, Grade Two and I am Li Hua. Recently, I have found that the waste in our school is very serious. If you go around the school, you will find the lights are burning day and night. In addition, you will also find taps running all the time. In the dining ‎ room, food is thrown away everywhere and there are a lot of useful things in the litter bins.(自我介绍；投诉内容)‎ Faced with these phenomena, I feel worried. Although our country is becoming richer and richer now, we still need to save everything because saving is one of virtues of the Chinese. Do you agree with what I said? Would you like to ask all the students to promote saving and oppose waste? I am expecting your answer. (投诉原因；期待解决方案)‎ Best wishes!‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Hua ‎ 申请信 ‎[题型特点]‎ 申请信有很多种，比如求职申请、加入某组织或活动的申请、报考申请、留学申请等，其目的在于让对方了解自己的经验、能力、成就以及愿望等，所以个人情况的介绍应该是申请信的核心内容，应尽可能向对方说明本人的长处，以便留下好印象，获得面谈的机会。由于此类题目常有较多的文字提示，写作时除应注意格式上的要求外，也应注意审题全面，不能遗漏要点，并要注意人称和时态的变化，避免出现逻辑混乱。其结构为：‎ 申请信 ‎[常用句式]‎ ‎1．开头常用语 ‎①I learned on your website that ...‎ 我从你们的网站上得知……‎ ‎②I’m writing to apply for the position of ...‎ 我写信申请……的职位。‎ ‎③I am writing this letter to recommend myself as a qualified candidate for ...‎ 我写信推荐自己为……的合格人选。‎ ‎④I am interested in ...and wish to enter this significant program.‎ 我对……感兴趣，希望加入到这个重要项目中。‎ ‎⑤I am writing to you in the hope that I may obtain an opportunity to ...‎ 我写信给你是希望我可以获得一个……的机会。‎ ‎2．主体部分常用语 ‎①As an outgoing ... I get along well with my classmates.‎ 作为一名外向的……我和同学们相处得很好。‎ ‎②For one thing, I can help ... For another thing, I can improve my English, make more friends, and enrich my life.‎ 一方面，我能帮助……另一方面，我能提高我的英语水平，结交更多的朋友，并充实生活。‎ ‎③I am confident that I’m suitable for ... /I’m qualified to do ... /I’m equal to (doing) ...‎ 我确信，我适合……/我有做……的资格/我能胜任(做) ……‎ ‎3．结尾常用语 ‎①I would appreciate it if I have the chance of doing/to do ...‎ 如果我有做……的机会，我将不胜感激。‎ ‎②Should you offer me an interview, I would be most grateful. Looking forward to your reply soon.‎ 如果您能给我提供面试的机会，我将非常感激。期待您的早日答复。‎ ‎③I look forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience.‎ 期待在您方便的时候给我一个肯定的答复。‎ ‎④I would greatly appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration.‎ 如果您能考虑我的申请，我将不胜感激。‎ ‎[黄金模板]‎ 模板1‎ Dear Sir/Madam，‎ I’m_________.(简单自我介绍) When I was reading the advertisement，___________.(表达看到相关广告后的感受) I think it’s a good opportunity for me to ______________.(应聘的原因) Therefore I recommend myself to you without hesitation.‎ I ____________________.(陈述本人的性格优势) For one thing, I can ________.(陈述本人特长一) For another thing, I can___________________.(陈述本人特长二)‎ Please contact me at ______________(你的联系方式一：电话号码)．Or email me at_________________(你的联系方式二：电子邮箱地址)．‎ I am looking forward to your early reply.‎ Yours sincerely, ‎ Li Hua ‎ 模板2‎ Dear Sir/Madam，‎ I’m________________.(自我介绍) I’m writing to apply for the position _______.(说明写信目的) I really want to obtain this precious opportunity because________.(说明自己为什么很想得到这次宝贵机会) ________. Besides，_________.(分层次说明自己的优势)‎ I am sure that I can perfectly live up to your expectations. I will be grateful if you could give me a kind consideration.‎ Looking forward to your reply.(表达期望)‎ Yours truly，‎ Li Hua ‎ ‎[范文鉴赏]‎ 范文鉴赏1‎ Dear Mr. Brown，‎ My name is Li Hua. I want to apply for a position in your firm. (简介；应聘职位)‎ Now, I’d like to introduce myself to you. I graduated from a college three years ago and since then I have worked as a lawyer. I’m good at English and know some Japanese. I work hard and am careful in everything I do. I’m honest, kind and easy to get on with. I was born on October 1,1985 in Hefei, Anhui Province, China. I’m married and live at No.66 Jinzhai Road, Hefei. (本人特长、优势等)‎ I have great interest in your firm. If I am accepted, I will do my best. I’m sure I will be fit for the position. If you agree with me, please call me at 2856688.(获准后的打算；联系方式等)‎ Yours truly，‎ Li Hua ‎ 范文鉴赏2‎ Dear Ms Chen，‎ I’m Li Hua, a student from Class 2, Grade 3. I’m writing to apply for the position as a student volunteer.(简介；申请职位)‎ I really want to obtain this precious opportunity because, by offering my service, I will be able to improve communication skills as well as my confidence in speaking English in public. (申请原因)‎ As an outgoing girl, I get along well with my classmates. Besides, I have such a good command of English that I am elected as assistant to my English teacher. Successfully, I have lent a helping hand to her in several English activities of my class, which has been appreciated by both teachers and my classmates. (本人优势)‎ I am sure that I can perfectly live up to your expectations. I will be grateful if you could give me a kind consideration.‎ Looking forward to your reply. (表达期望)‎ Yours truly，‎ Li Hua ‎ 推荐信 ‎[题型特点]‎ 从推荐者的情况来分，可以分为自荐信和推荐信两种。其结构为：‎ 推荐信 ‎[常用句式]‎ ‎1．开头常用语 ‎①I’m very pleased to learn that you are going to ... I’m writing this letter to offer my recommendation.‎ 得知你将……我很高兴，我写这封信是向你提供我的建议。‎ ‎②Please allow me to introduce one of my best friends to you.‎ 请允许我向你介绍一位我最好的朋友。‎ ‎③I am writing to introduce one of my college classmates in Beijing.‎ 我写信是要介绍一位我在北京时的大学同学。‎ ‎④I am very glad to have this chance to write to you to ...‎ 我很高兴能有这次机会给你写信……‎ ‎2．主体部分常用语 ‎①The reason why I recommend ... is that ...‎ 我推荐……的原因是……‎ ‎②So I hold the belief that ...be(am/is/are) quite suitable for the post.‎ 所以我相信……很适合这个职位。‎ ‎3．结尾常用语 ‎①Thanks for your attention and hope to receive your reply.‎ 多谢你的关注，希望能收到你的回复。‎ ‎②I would be grateful if you could give me a kind consideration.‎ 如果你能对我予以仔细考虑我将不胜感激。‎ ‎③I would be most grateful if you could lend due attention to this letter and contact me at ...‎ 如果你能给予此信一定的关注并通过……和我联系，我将非常感激。‎ ‎④I’ll be more than happy if you can take my suggestions/ideas into consideration.‎ 如果你能考虑我的建议/想法，我会非常高兴。‎ ‎[黄金模板]‎ Dear___________，‎ I’m ___________.(自我介绍) I was asked to write to you to recommend________(要推荐的人) to be/do___________(要做的职位或事情)．‎ His/Her performance was outstanding. He/She is a diligent boy/girl, who can ______.(优势一) What’s more, ____________.(优势二) I’m sure he/she can________. ‎ Therefore, I here recommend him/her to you with all my heart. ‎ If you have any questions about it, please contact me.‎ Looking forward to your coming.(表达期望)‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Ming ‎ ‎[范文鉴赏]‎ Dear Peter，‎ I’m Li Ming, Chairman of the Students’ Union. It’s great to hear that you are coming to teach in our school next semester. I was asked to write to you to recommend Li Hua, a Senior 3 student of 18, to be your assistant.(自我介绍；推荐人的情况)‎ Her performance in the school years was outstanding. Li Hua is a diligent girl, who can use the computer skillfully and has a gift for communicating with others. What’s more, she is one of the top ten students in our school, and her spoken English is extremely excellent. I’m sure she can be helpful in your work and life in China. Therefore, I here recommend her to you with all my heart. (推荐人的优势)‎ If you have any questions about it, please contact me.‎ Looking forward to your coming.(表达期望)‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Ming 道歉信 ‎[题型特点]‎ 道歉信是因过失或疏忽做错了事，给别人带来了麻烦或损失，发觉后为了给对方赔礼道歉而写的信件。其结构为：‎ 道歉信 ‎[常用句式]‎ ‎1．开头常用语 ‎①I am writing this letter to apologize to you for ...‎ 我写这封信是因……向你道歉。‎ ‎②I am writing to express/convey my deepest apology to you.‎ 我写信向你表达我深深的歉意。‎ ‎2．主体部分常用语 ‎①I regret to inform you that I can not/am unable to ...‎ 我遗憾地告知你我不能……‎ ‎②I am sorry for my not being able to ... due to the fact that ...‎ 我非常抱歉我不能……因为……‎ ‎③Much to my regret, I was unable to ... and I wish that my apology could help to some extent.‎ 很遗憾，我不能够……希望我的道歉在某种程度上能起到作用。‎ ‎④I remember we planned to ... but now because ... I cannot ... with you as planned.‎ 我记得我们原本计划……但是现在由于……我不能与你如期……‎ ‎⑤I must apologize for any inconvenience it may have caused you.‎ 为此事可能给你带来的任何不便，我深表歉意。‎ ‎3．结尾常用语 ‎①Once again, I’m sorry for any inconvenience caused.‎ 对于造成的任何不便我再次表示歉意。‎ ‎②I sincerely hope that you will be able to think in my position and accept my apologies.‎ 我衷心地希望你能够站在我的角度考虑一下，并接受我的道歉。‎ ‎③Please accept my sincere apology for ...once more.‎ 请为……再次接受我真诚的道歉。‎ ‎④I sincerely hope that you will kindly accept my apologies.‎ 我衷心希望你能友好地接受我的道歉。‎ ‎[黄金模板]‎ Dear________， ‎ I am sorry to tell you that___________.(陈述道歉原因) Now I am writing you this letter of apology to show my deep regret.‎ I hope you will understand me and excuse me for_____________.(请求对方原谅的事由) The reason for my delay/absence was/is that________.(解释道歉原因) Therefore _______. ‎ I sincerely hope that you can accept my apology and understand it. I would appreciate your allowing me to __________.(提出补救措施) Once again, I’m sorry for any inconvenience caused.‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Hua ‎ ‎[范文鉴赏]‎ Dear Tom，‎ I am indeed very sorry that I am unable to go to Beijing with you next weekend, which I have promised. I feel sorry about it and want you to know what happened. (直接说出写信意图)‎ Just now, my cousin Li Qiong, who left home for Australia for his further study last year, informed me that he would return this Saturday morning and asked me to pick him up at the ‎ airport with his family. You know, we haven’t seen each other for nearly a year.(说明道歉的具体原因)‎ I sincerely hope you can accept my apology and understand it. I would appreciate your allowing me to make another date to show you around Beijing. Once again, I’m sorry for any inconvenience caused. (再次希望对方接受道歉；提出补救措施)‎ Sincerely yours，‎ Li Hua 普通书信/电子邮件 ‎[题型特点]‎ 英文email和普通书信的写法和格式大体相同，其开头、结尾常常都会给出，正文可根据作文要求分段把内容表达清楚即可。‎ ‎[常用句式]‎ ‎1．开头常用语 ‎①I am very glad to have received the letter you sent me two weeks ago.‎ 我很高兴收到你两星期前寄给我的信。‎ ‎②How are you getting along with ... ‎ 你近来……进展如何？‎ ‎③Sorry to reply to your letter so late.‎ 抱歉这么晚才给你回信。‎ ‎④There is nothing happier to me than to receive your letter.‎ 再也没有比收到你的来信更让我开心的了。‎ ‎⑤I received your email(yesterday/last week/this morning ... )‎ 我(昨天/上周/今天早上……)收到了你的电子邮件。‎ ‎⑥Your email has been received.‎ 你的邮件已经收到。‎ ‎2．主体部分常用语 ‎①I’ve been thinking about the question you wrote in the letter. In my opinion, you should ...‎ 我一直在思考你信中提到的问题。在我看来，你应该……‎ ‎②If necessary, we can arrange a facetoface discussion sometime this week.‎ 如果有必要，本周我们可以找个时间安排一次面谈。‎ ‎3．结尾常用语 ‎①I’ll greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience.‎ 请在方便时尽早回信，我将非常感激。‎ ‎②Give my best regards/wishes to your mother.‎ 代我向你的母亲表示良好的祝愿。‎ ‎③I am looking forward to your earliest reply.‎ 盼望着你早日回复。‎ ‎④Expecting to hear from you as soon as possible.‎ 盼望能尽快收到你的来信。‎ ‎[黄金模板]‎ Dear __________，‎ I’m________________. I am writing to talk about____________.(提出主题) I like it very much mainly for the following reasons. First，________________， I think, are/is very popular with________.(原因一) What’s more, along with________ there are_______.(原因二) However，__________.Therefore, I’d like to suggest__________.(个人看法)‎ Best regards.‎ Sincerely yours，‎ Li Hua ‎[范文鉴赏]‎ Dear EditorinChief，‎ Congratulations on the 5th anniversary of Global Mirror! I’m a regular reader of your newspaper. I like it very much mainly for the following two reasons. First, it covers both national and international news so that, by simply turning the pages, I can learn all important things that have happened during the week. Equally attractive are the success stories of worldfamous people, which help me understand how a person can work hard to make the world a better place. (具体原因)‎ As a young student, I suggest that Global Mirror carry articles to guide us in our English learning, and I hope that it will become even more popular. (个人看法；祝愿)‎ Sincerely yours，‎ Li Hua 第二讲 词句不靓怎么办——4大策略“启开窍”‎ 高考英语书面表达评分标准对第五档的要求有这样一段话：应用了较多的语法结构和词汇；语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致。‎ 我们可以从正反两方面来解读该要求：考生如果有意识地去使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇，在这个过程中即使犯了少量或轻微的语言错误，也可以不扣分，文章仍属于最高档次；相反，如果考生仅使用基础词汇和基本句型，不能体现出较强的语言运用能力，即使作文中无语法错误也不能给高分。这就要求考生尽可能盘活英语词汇，尝试灵活使用较复杂的句型和结构，使文章有声有色，从而提升得分档次。‎ 独辟蹊径，不落俗套 ‎1．高级词汇、高级用法创造亮点 ‎(1)书面表达的评分标准鼓励考生使用较高级的词汇，这就意味着考生应在力所能及的情况下尝试使用高级词汇，通过高级词汇来展示自己的写作水平，从而提高书面表达的得分档次。‎ ‎[例1]　在周末我们有很多作业。‎ 普通表达：At the weekend, we have a lot of homework to do.‎ 高级表达：At the weekend, we have endless homework to do.‎ ‎[例2]　听到这个消息，我感到有点儿灰心。‎ 普通表达：Hearing the news, I felt a little discouraged.‎ 高级表达：Hearing the news, I felt kind of discouraged.‎ ‎[例3]　他们帮助我们更好地了解科学学科并且唤起我们对科学发现的好奇心。‎ They help us understand science subjects better and arouse our curiosity about scientific discoveries.‎ ‎(2)其实一些普通词汇如果使用了较新颖的表达形式，或在特定的语言环境下将其运用得恰到好处，也可视为高级用法。‎ ‎[例1]　他低着头，一言不发地站在老师的面前。‎ He stood before his teacher silently, with his head down. (with这个普通词汇用在复合结构中，产生了高级表达的效果)‎ ‎[例2]　猫跳过矮墙，爬上楼梯，然后钻进角落里的一个洞里去了。‎ The cat jumped over the short wall, up the stairs and then into a hole in the corner. (句中的over, up, into 都是普通词汇，但是用在这样一个特定的语境里，准确而生动，也可将其视为高级用法，从而提升了表达的档次)‎ ‎2．最优表达创造亮点 very important — be of great importance ‎ be admitted to ... — be a member of ...‎ I want to know — I’m eager to know ‎ I wonder — I’m curious about I don’t understand — I have no idea about ‎ Could you ...— Would you be so kind as to ...‎ ‎3．句式多样、活泼生动创造亮点 ‎(1)So excited was I that I couldn’t wait to try my hand at riding it.(“so＋形容词/副词”置于句首时，句子要使用部分倒装)‎ ‎(2)Compared with the driver, I am proud of what I did.(‎ 句首使用非谓语动词短语作状语，句尾使用what引导的宾语从句)‎ ‎(3)As a member of the society, I am aware that being responsible is what it takes to make a better society.(ing形式短语作主语；紧接着使用了what 引导的表语从句)‎ ‎(4)(2016·天津高考书面表达)What impresses us most are your art skills, in which you showed outstanding talent.(句首使用了what引导的主语从句结构；句末使用了由in which引导的定语从句)‎ 妙用情感类词汇 情感类词汇是指那些表达某种情绪感觉的词，如高兴、愤怒、同情、厌恶、乐观、悲伤等，以形容词、副词居多，也有名词、动词、短语等。如：glad, pleased, delighted, interested, bored, happy, angry, optimistic, satisfied, be glad to do sth., love, warm, lucky, luckily, sincerely, rush, keep calm 等。在书面表达中使用恰当的情感类词汇，可使读者体会到文章的内在情感，实现表情达意的目的，同时也是让阅卷老师眼前一亮的地方。‎ ‎1．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I know you have a very busy schedule, but I’d be very grateful if you could take some time to go through them and make necessary changes.‎ ‎2．Disappointed as I felt at the shabby campus and poorlyequipped classroom, I found the teachers patient and considerate. Besides, I enjoyed the friendly atmosphere in class.‎ ‎3．Feeling quite sorry for that, I begin to think about what to do to help.‎ ‎4．And third, remain optimistic about your future. Such a positive attitude towards life can be helpful in lifting your spirits.‎ 使用固定结构及高级语法 一篇优秀的文章离不开短语、句型以及修辞手法的支撑，如keep in mind, not only ... but also ... 等短语、强调句型、with复合结构、非谓语动词、复合句、感叹句和倒装句等。‎ ‎1．(2016·天津高考书面表达)At last, on behalf of all the students in our school, I hope you will have a safe and happy journey home and that there will be more programs like this in the future.(介词短语作状语)‎ ‎2．As scheduled, we have English Talent Show today. (过去分词作状语)‎ ‎3．Not until then did I realize words could be powerful in both positive and negative ways.(倒装句)‎ ‎4．What we need most are popular science books. (主语从句)‎ ‎5．The truth is that everyone will have one of those periods when things seem to be going wrong, so you don’t have to worry so much.(表语从句；定语从句)‎ 巧妙使用过渡性词汇 能清楚、连贯地表达自己的思想是考纲对考生的书面表达能力的要求之一。要做到文章上下连贯、逻辑严密，可以使用适当的过渡性词汇，因为过渡性词汇能增加句与句、段与段之间的连贯性。书面表达中常用的连接词归纳如下：‎ ‎1．表示并列补充关系的过渡性词汇：besides, also, what’s more, what’s worse, moreover, rather, further more, in addition (to), as well as 等。‎ ‎(1)Besides, it is, on some occasions, more convenient to use English words.‎ ‎(2)In addition to reading for knowledge, we read for fun and inspiration.‎ ‎(3)Rather, we should keep trying with enthusiasm.‎ ‎2．表示转折、对比、递进关系的过渡性词汇：but, however, yet, instead, on (the) one hand ... on the other hand ..., although, despite, in spite of, whereas, nevertheless, not only ... but also ..., the former ... the latter ..., some ... others ...等。‎ ‎(1)(2016·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I have just completed my application letter and resume.However, I am not quite sure of the language and the format I’ve used. ‎ ‎(2)They not only offer us joy and excitement, but also encourage us to think critically.‎ ‎3．表示因果关系的过渡性词汇：since, as, because (of), for, so, thus, therefore, as a result, so that 等。‎ ‎(1)I noticed the entrance was small and almost blocked. So my classmates and I had a discussion and wrote a report.‎ ‎(2)Besides listening to teachers carefully in class, I often work deep into night.Therefore, I believe I can succeed.‎ ‎(3)The important thing is to learn to control your temper so that you may not do or say anything you’ll regret.‎ ‎4．表示条件关系的过渡性词汇：if, on condition that, so/as long as, unless, or else 等。‎ ‎(1)I’ll be glad if you can consider my recommendation.‎ ‎(2)“Nothing is impossible to a willing heart”， as long as you have a dream, keep trying and you’ll make it, too.‎ ‎5．表示时间关系的过渡性词汇：when, after, before, until, then, as soon as, lately, recently, afterwards, since, in the meantime, at the same time, suddenly, later, presently等。‎ ‎(1)I was about to give up when my father came and encouraged me to keep going.‎ ‎(2)Then we went to meet the schoolmaster in his office and gave the report to him. He accepted our suggestions. Soon afterwards, a second entrance was opened to the parking place.‎ ‎6．表示顺序关系的过渡性词汇：above all, firstly, first, first of all, secondly, second, next, finally, in the end, at last等。‎ ‎(1) In the coming three years, our school life will be challenging.Firstly, we should learn to learn efficiently.‎ ‎(2)Finally, we should take part in sports and outdoors activities frequently. They were really helpful to build up my body and enrich my school life.‎ ‎7．表示举例说明的过渡性词汇：for example, for instance, like, say, such as, for one thing ... for another ... 等。‎ ‎(1)In my free time, I will continue to take regular exercise, such as swimming, running and various ball games.‎ ‎(2)In fact, Chinese has never stopped taking words from other languages, say, “ganbu” or “minzhu” from Japanese.‎ ‎8．表示总结的过渡性词汇：on the whole, in short, all in all, in summary, in general, in one’s opinion, personally, actually, as far as one is concerned, as far as one can see/know, in a word, in conclusion, in brief, briefly, to sum up等。‎ ‎(1)In a word, my life will be much richer and more colorful. ‎ ‎(2)Actually, we can’t succeed in everything we try. What’s important is that we should stick at it.‎ ‎(3)Personally, I used to try effective methods to achieve my academic goals.‎ 附：高考常用的4组高级写作词汇 ‎[第一组]　名词 ‎1．机会chance→opportunity ‎2．选择choice→alternative ‎3．课程course→curriculum ‎4．影响effect→influence/impact ‎5．后果result→consequence ‎6．缺点shortcoming→drawback ‎7．方法way→approach ‎8．职业job→career/employment/profession ‎9．老人old people→the old/the elderly/the aged/senior citizens ‎10．青少年young people→youngsters/youths/adolescents　‎ ‎[第二组]　动词及动词短语 ‎1．看见see→catch sight of ‎2．遇见meet→come across ‎3．遭遇meet with→encounter ‎4．拥有have→possess ‎5．提高develop/improve→promote ‎6．替代replace→substitute ‎7．面对face→be faced with ‎8．容忍bear→put up with ‎9．解决solve→deal with/cope with ‎10．决定decide→determine/make up one’s mind ‎11．考虑consider→take into account/consideration ‎12．应该should→be supposed to ‎13．理解understand→make sense of/figure out ‎14．使用use→employ/make use of/take advantage of ‎15．道歉apologize→make an apology ‎16．记住remember→bear/keep in mind ‎17．发生happen→occur/come about ‎18．想起occur→think of/come up with ‎19．感谢thank→appreciate ‎20．帮助某人help sb.→do sb. a/the favor ‎21．节省save→set aside ‎22．参观visit→tour/pay a visit to ‎23．分发hand out→distribute ‎24．站起stand up→get to one’s feet ‎25．习惯于be used to→be accustomed to ‎26．一定be sure to→be bound to ‎27．为……做准备prepare for→make preparations for/be prepared for ‎28．反对be against→object to ‎29．厌烦be bored with→be fed up with ‎30．忙于be busy in (with)→be occupied in (with)/be buried in/be engaged in ‎31．闻名be famous for→have a reputation for ‎32．感到舒心feel comfortable→feel at ease ‎33．美化学校make our school beautiful→beautify our school ‎34．置若罔闻refuse to listen to→turn a deaf ear to ‎35．成功做某事succeed in doing sth.→make it ‎36．想做某事want to do sth.→seek/intend/desire to do sth.‎ ‎37．照看look after→attend to ‎38．尽力做某事try one’s best to do sth.→spare no effort to do sth.‎ ‎39．向某人寻求帮助ask someone for help→turn to sb. for help ‎40．我认为I think→in my opinion/as far as I’m concerned ‎[第三组]　形容词 ‎1．令人惊奇的surprising→amazing/astonishing/shocking ‎2．贫穷的poor→needy/povertystricken ‎3．优秀的excellent→outstanding ‎4．明显的obvious→apparent/evident ‎5．常见的common→universal ‎6．充足的enough→adequate ‎7．勤奋的hardworking→diligent ‎8．可用的useful→available ‎9．艰难的difficult→challenging ‎10．坚强的strong→tough ‎11．重要的important→vital/significant ‎12．不可能的impossible→out of the question ‎13．有趣的interesting→absorbing/striking/appealing ‎14．小心谨慎的careful→cautious ‎15．幸运的lucky→fortunate ‎16．巨大的large→enormous ‎17．合适的proper→appropriate ‎18．丰富的rich→abundant ‎19．古老的old→ancient ‎20．唯一的only→unique ‎21．全部的whole→entire ‎22．富裕的rich→wealthy ‎[第四组]　其他(副词、连词、介词短语、数词)‎ ‎1．突然suddenly→all of a sudden ‎2．立即immediately→in a flash ‎3．有时sometimes→occasionally/once in a while/from time to time ‎4．另外；况且besides→in addition/what’s more/moreover ‎5．因此so→therefore ‎6．第一first→to begin/start with ‎7．第二second→in addition/what’s more ‎8．最终finally→eventually ‎9．但是but→however ‎10．大多数most→the majority ‎11．许多a lot of→a large quantity/amount of/endless ‎12．种类繁多的 all kinds of→a variety of/varieties of/various ‎13．事实上in fact→as a matter of fact/actually ‎14．例如for example→for instance ‎15．几天前a few days ago→the other day ‎16．故意on purpose→deliberately/by design ‎17．因为because of→on account of/due to/owing to/thanks to ‎18．总之in a word→to sum up/in conclusion/in summary ‎19．由……构成be made up of→consist of ‎20．越来越多more and more→an increasing number of ‎21．因为because→in that ‎22．一……就……on/upon＋名词→as soon as从句 ‎23．如果if→suppose/supposing/on condition that　‎ ‎24．即将到来coming soon→around/round the corner　‎ 第三讲 结构不美怎么办——分合2字“要记牢”‎ 作文的结构美就好比人的外在形象美，是赢得阅卷老师第一眼的关键。“一盘散沙”式作文或“一逗到底”式作文都很难入阅卷老师的法眼。怎样让结构美赢得“印象分”，记住两个字——分与合，即“分合有度，相映成趣”。‎ 段落——合理分段，层次清晰 书面表达是主观题。阅卷时率先进入老师眼帘的是卷面、文章结构，因此我们既要重视卷面整洁，又要重视段落写作，即按时间、空间或其他逻辑顺序把相关联的内容安排在相应的段落内，从而做到主题突出、结构合理、层次清晰。这定会给阅卷老师留下美好的第一印象。‎ 近年高考英语作文范文及高分作文，绝大多数为2～3段，还有个别范文为4段。即使当年提供范文为一个段落的，在阅卷时老师还是十分喜欢看到段落层次清晰的文章。请看下面的习作。‎ 习作一：‎ Dear Sam, ‎ Thank you for your concern(1). Now I’m writing to tell you of something about my college entrance examination(2). As usual, the examination is held on June 7th and 8th(3). On the first day, Chinese and math will be tested while geography, history, politics and English will be tested on the second day(4). As for me, I’ve been busy studying hard, preparing for it in the last ten months(5) . What’s more, I’ve learned many important skills from our teachers(6). I can do well in each subject and rank the top ten students in our class(7). So now I’m not afraid of the examination but confident of myself(8)．As far as the test questions are concerned, I was afraid of math, but at last I worked out all the problems(9) . Therefore, I believe I can get a satisfying mark and I’m sure I can succeed(10)．‎ Best wishes!‎ Yours，‎ Li Xia 该习作语言准确，且有效使用了连词、过渡词语，在内容上依次讲述了考试日期与科目、考试准备情况以及考试时的状态、对试题的感受和预测可能的结果等。但是，习作者没有分段，缺少框架意识，把所有内容混搭在一起，给阅卷老师判卷带来了困难，影响了得分。‎ 如果把该文分为三段：即句(1)(2)为第一段，句(3)到句(8)为第二段，句(9)(10)为第三段。这样段落分明，结构清晰，自然会受到阅卷老师的青睐，起评分自然就高。‎ ‎[建议]　从结构或段落入手进行练笔。无论何种体裁的文章，2～3段式的写作至关重要；必要时，在段落中可使用主题句，其他所有句子都围绕主题(句)展开；同时所有段落又都为全文中心大意服务。‎ 句子——合并调整，简洁多样 在连句成文时，还会出现诸如句式单调、结构重复或语言冗余等问题。一个句子(包括一些经典句子)独立来看是好句子，但若置于篇章之中未必是适合行文的好句子。因此，需要对这些句子进行适当调整，完善表达。请看：‎ 习作二：‎ Here is some useful advice for you to control your temper. ‎ First, you can try to communicate with your parents，and you can communicate with your teachers or friends as well (1). You can get along better with them in order that you can let out your anger(2). You will not hurt them or yourself if you do so(3). Second, it is important to do regular exercise(4). You can play football or basketball(5). Third, it is important to keep high mood(6). You should have a good mood every day(7) .You should also renew your spirits and release your stress(8). You can have a good attitude towards life and enjoy your beautiful life(9)．‎ 这是未加润色而直接合并要点句凑成的问题段落，主要表现在表达单调，简单句过多。第二段9个句子中，主要是you can ..., you should ..., it is important ...，这与“句式多样”要求相去甚远。‎ 为避免上述问题，我们可对这些句子进行优化组合。‎ 如句(1)(2) 进行合并：即First, you can try to communicate with your parents, teachers or friends, and get along better with them in order to let out your anger.‎ 句(3) 前增加In this way, 即In this way, you will not hurt them or yourself.这样突出了前后句之间的逻辑关系。‎ 句(4)(5)进行合并，同时用of importance 替换important，即Second, it is of importance to do regular exercise, such as playing football or basketball.‎ 句(6) 改变句子开头方式，即Keeping high mood is good for our mental health.‎ 句(7)(8)(9)也可合并，即You should have a good mood every day, renew your spirits and release your stress, so that you can have a good attitude ...‎ 通过以上调整，整个段落长短句结合，还使用了非谓语、省略等复杂结构。句子个数减少了，但语句表现力和凝聚力却增强了。‎ ‎[建议]　在连句成段/文时，可视情况采用添加、合并、简化(包括删减)或替代等方式以解决句式单调、结构重复、冗余累赘等问题。‎ 在练笔时，应在力所能及的情况下，进行一句多译和句型转换练习(如合句或扩句等)，还要强化非谓语动词、独立主格、省略结构、介词短语的运用。‎ 衔接——巧用过渡，起承转合 在评分标准中有“上下文的连贯性”和“有效地使用语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑”的要求。这里所说的连贯性，就是指句与句之间、段与段之间衔接合理、条理清楚、通顺连贯。它讲究语言和逻辑上的完整性。除了按语意上的逻辑关系(如时间、空间、递增、递减、列举、归纳、演绎等)排列内容外，适当重现关键词(话题词)以及使用过渡词语，也是增加文章凝聚力的重要手段。请看：‎ 习作三：‎ I’m Li Hua from Xinhua Middle School. Now I’d like to share my experience in practicing oral English.‎ I’m always confident and not afraid of making mistakes, which may embarrass me. I often take part in English corners, where I’ve made many friends. Finally, I often watch CCTV9 and learn the current events going on both at home and abroad. ‎ Practice makes perfect, as the saying goes. Our hard work will finally be rewarded.‎ 该习作仅把采集到的主要点和次要点一一罗列出来，似“一盘散沙”，缺少语句间的连贯性；同时参加英语角交朋友和看CCTV9似乎与提高口语水平没有直接的关联，让人一头雾水。‎ 修改后：‎ I’m Li Hua from Xinhua Middle School. Now I’d like to share my experience in practicing oral English.‎ Firstly, I’m always confident and brave(1). I seize every opportunity to speak, not afraid of making mistakes which may embarrass me(2) . I also find it of great benefit to take part in English corners, where I make many friends(3)．By talking with them, my oral English has improved a lot(4)．Finally, some English programs like CCTV9 contribute to the progress in my speaking ability(5). Through this channel, not only am I kept informed of the current events going on both at home and abroad, I also learn the standard pronunciation and intonation by repeated imitation(6) .‎ Practice makes perfect, as the saying goes. Only in this way can we improve our spoken ‎ English.‎ 修改后的文章使用了firstly, also, finally，表达清晰；同时关键词oral English, spoken English以及与之相关的talk, speak, repeat词语，多次出现于文中，突出了主题，也增加了语句间的联系。另外，第一和第二段之间使用了Now I’d like to share my experience ...过渡句；最后Only in this way can we improve our spoken English 照应主题，全文紧凑。‎ 另外，句(4) 和句(6) (I also learn ...) 的添加，让读者明白了参加英语角和看CCTV9对提高英语口语水平的作用。总之，修改后的文章前后连贯，浑然一体。‎ ‎[建议]　解决松散、句子游离于段落中的有效方法就是使用连接词、过渡句等，适当增加细节也是增加连贯性的重要手段。‎ 写作中常见的过渡词有：first, second, finally; also, besides, furthermore, in addition, what’s more, what’s worse, worse still; but, however, otherwise, on the contrary, on the other hand; therefore, as a result; as a matter of fact, such as, for example; all in all, in a word, in conclusion, in one’s opinion, in brief等。‎ 第四讲 词数不够怎么办——修修补补“用4招”‎ 高考英语书面表达不仅规定了写作内容，还明确规定了词数，并在评分标准中指出，如果“词数少于80和多于120的，从总分中减去2分”。但在实际阅卷过程中，如果词数过少，扣掉的不止是2分。因为篇幅过短，不能吸引阅卷老师细看以便查找诸如“高级词汇”“较高级结构”等“加分点”，自然影响得分档次。‎ 由于某些原因，在考场里有些同学觉得对写作“无话可说”，除了对提示部分的简单表述外，不知写些什么来充实文章；也有同学靠重复某些词语或句子，甚至摘抄阅读理解、完形填空中的语句滥竽充数。这些做法不仅不能充实文章，反而会损害文章的立意，且有可能引起阅卷老师的“愤慨”，得不偿失。‎ 请看下面一个例子：‎ 一家英语报社向中学生征文，主题是“我理想的大学生活”，请根据下列要求和你的畅想完成短文。‎ ‎1．专业与课程；2.老师与同学；3.学校活动。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；‎ ‎3．开头语已为你写好，不计入总词数。‎ I often imagine what my life will be like in my dream university.___________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 习作一：(得分16分)‎ I often imagine what my life will be like in my dream university. I’ll be admitted to Shandong University and major in English. I can choose a variety of courses, such as English ‎ literature.‎ The professor there will be friendly and devoted to their teaching. Besides, I’ll have lovely and caring classmates. In our spare time, various activities will be held to build up our courage and experience, such as parties and competitions.‎ ‎[分析]　该文虽然把要点悉数列出，结构清晰，还使用了一些高级词汇如a variety of, be admitted to, be devoted to, various等。然而由于简单罗列要点，全文只有约70词，且缺少连贯性，未能完全完成试题规定的任务。‎ 那么，应该如何充实文章以符合词数要求呢？‎ 其实，在试题“注意”中有明确规定：“1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯”。这里既规定了词数，又指定了充实文章的方法，即“适当增加细节”。下面先介绍几种常见的“增加细节”的方法，然后依据这些方法对该习作进行修改。‎ 追加成分 目的 扩展句子，充实文章 方法 在要点句基础上适当增加合乎逻辑的附加成分，如定语(从句)、状语(从句)(如目的、条件、原因、结果、方式等)、非谓语结构、独立主格结构、举例等，使表达更清晰、准确，主题更突出 特色 结构复杂、句式多样 ‎[典题例析]‎ ‎1．(提醒演讲参赛选手)要守时、讲卫生、守纪律。‎ Please arrive on time, keep quiet and don’t litter around.‎ ‎→Please arrive there on time, for whoever is late won’t be allowed to enter.It’s bad manners to litter around. And always keep quiet while waiting for your turn.‎ ‎[分析]　原句虽然没有直译所给要点，且灵活化解了难点，但过于直白、语气较为生硬；而改写后的句子则进行了拓展，具体明确。如“for whoever is late ...”提醒参赛选手迟到后果的严重性；“It’s bad manners ...”指出乱扔东西属于不礼貌行为。因此，改写后的句子更充实，更适宜对参赛选手提建议的语境。‎ ‎2．(演讲注意事项)要面带微笑；要讲慢些，讲清楚。‎ Be sure to wear a smile on your face when you speak, which will make you relaxed.Besides, remember to speak slowly and clearly so that you can leave a good impression on the audience and judges.‎ ‎[分析]　加黑部分是根据语境所追加的成分，如“which will make you relaxed”指出“演讲时微笑”的好处；“so that you can ...”为“讲慢些，讲清楚”的目的，留下好印象是“演讲”效果之一，也是能否获得评委青睐的因素之一。‎ ‎[针对训练]‎ 请发挥合理想象，扩展句子(请注意括号内提供的语境)。‎ ‎(1)(开设英语电影欣赏课)建议多选择英语电影。‎ ‎_____________________， I suggest the teacher choose some more English films that___________________， thus 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.‎ ‎(2)(讨论学生带手机问题)不允许学生带手机。‎ Students are forbidden to take a cellphone_______________________________________.‎ 参考答案：(1) As a young student; appeal to us teenagers; making English learning more interesting ‎ ‎(2)in order not to affect our studies/so as not to disturb others in class 补加语句 目的 充实文章，增强连贯性 方法 根据行文走向，适当增加一些与主题相关的语句，或由要点衍生的句子，既起到前引后联的作用，又能补充一些相关信息，帮助阅卷者理解所写内容。同时，还能协调句式，避免句式单调的问题 特色 协调句式，结构多样 ‎[典题例析]‎ ‎1．(提醒观众注意)要按时进入电影院。‎ Be sure to enter the theater on time. Whoever is late won’t be allowed to enter. ‎ ‎[分析]　要点句为简单句，补加复合句“Whoever is late ...”，通过指出后果的方式引起观众的注意，同时，也使得句式多样，表达丰富多彩。‎ ‎2．(谈论善款用途)募捐得来的钱将送给最急需的人。‎ The money collected in the charity sale will be sent to those in great need.This will not only help them get through difficulties, but also give them warmness and happiness.‎ ‎[分析]　通过复合句来增加“较复杂结构”，同时也是上一句衍生的“效果”：帮助他们战胜困难，还给予他们温暖和幸福。‎ 另外，“适当的结尾”(包括段落的结尾处)也是必须的，如书信Looking forward to your reply./Best wishes to you./I wish you success and good luck.这些结尾虽有些程序化，但符合书信习惯，缺失就会影响文章结构，影响得分。‎ ‎[针对训练]‎ 请适当补加语句，充实下面这个片段。‎ ‎(描写英语老师)His class left us students a deep impression.(1)_______________________‎ ‎_________________________.He speaks slowly and clearly so that we can follow him well. Meanwhile, he would repeat just in time what the students did not understand. (2)________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎__________________________.‎ 参考答案：(1)He tries his best to make us understand what he is teaching/He has a free talk with us in simple and humorous English/He has a good way to make his class lively and interesting ‎(2)Greatly inspired, most of us take an active part in his class/Our English has greatly improved with his help and guidance ‎ 添加过渡 目的 增加凝聚力，突出连贯性 方法 根据行文或段落需要，在句与句或段与段之间适当增加过渡词语，甚至过渡句，以使文章浑然一体，提高说服力 特色 行文连贯，条理清晰 ‎[典题例析]‎ ‎(话题：家长用车接送学生引起校门口拥堵问题)‎ In my opinion, the problem can be solved from two aspects. On one hand, our traffic department should strengthen management to make the parents obey traffic rules. On the other hand, our school should appeal to us students to walk or ride a bike to and from school, which is not only friendly to our traffic environment but also is good for students’ health.‎ ‎[分析]　本段作者使用In my opinion, the problem can be solved ...主题句，其中from two aspects让读者明白作者仅提供两方面的看法，并以on one hand, on the other hand 进行展示。这样写作目的明确，读者毫不费力地明白了所写内容，这是明智的做法，尤其是考场作文。‎ ‎[针对训练]‎ 请在下面的段落内加上适当的词语或句子，以充实文章。‎ ‎(话题：是否禁止广场舞)I don’t think square dancing should be forbidden. (1)____________________________. (2)________________， dancing is a good way to take exercise, which can help people to build themselves up. It (3)________________provides a chance for people to communicate with each other. (4)________________， the square is a good place for people to work out.‎ 参考答案：(1)Here are the reasons/The reasons are as follows　(2)First of all　(3)also　(4)Besides/What’s more 详加描述 目的 有详有略，主次分明 方法 根据提示要求，首先确定主要点和次要点，然后在主要点上着笔泼墨。除了前面提到的采用“追加成分”以扩展句子的方式外，还可把一些主要点分开详述，从而提升这些要点的分量 特色 详略得当，重点突出 ‎[典题例析]‎ 近来，中国游客在海外的不文明行为备受热议。假设你是李华，是一名国际旅行社的导游，就此写一篇短文在一份英文报纸上发表自己的观点。请根据下面的提示完成短文。‎ ‎1．列举不文明行为；‎ ‎2．指出其影响；‎ ‎3．提出建议。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右； ‎ ‎2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； ‎ ‎3．首句已给出，不计入总词数。 ‎ As a tour guide of an international travel agency, I find it so embarrassing to see many Chinese tourists behave badly abroad.________________________________________________________________________‎ 习作二：‎ As a tour guide of an international travel agency, I find it so embarrassing to see many Chinese tourists behave badly abroad. They speak loudly in public places, carve characters on tourist attractions, throw rubbish, spit everywhere, and even cross the road when the traffic lights are still red. Such bad behaviors overseas have caused damage to the country’s reputation.‎ Measures should be taken to stop this. First, before going abroad, tourists should be trained to obey social and public order, and respect local religions and customs. Besides, kindergartens and primary schools should do more to teach the kids to be responsible citizens. Last, laws should be made to punish those who behave badly in public places. I hope soon tourists overseas will change their behavior and win respect for themselves and our country.‎ ‎[分析]　该习作结构清晰，语言丰富，表达准确，过渡和衔接自然，属于优秀之作。尤其是在内容的安排和取舍方面更为突出，要点3提建议是本文的“重头戏”，进行了详写(占篇幅2/5多)；要点1次之，不文明行文列举清楚即可，未作过多渲染；要点2影响则“一言以蔽之”。‎ 下面我们依据上面几种方法对开头提到的习作一进行修改，请注意加黑句子对充实文章、突出主题的作用。‎ I often imagine what my life will be like in my dream university.As far as I can imagine, I’‎ ll be admitted to Shandong University, where I’ll major in English. I can choose a variety of courses, which will help me improve my spoken English and have a better understanding of foreign cultures.‎ The professors there will be friendly and devoted to their teaching, with whose help not only can I enrich my knowledge but also I can broaden my horizons.In addition, I’ll have lovely and caring classmates. We’ll compete in our study and be close friends in our daily life. In our free time, various activities will be held to build up our courage and experience, such as parties and competitions.‎ I’m sure my college life will be rich and colorful.‎ ‎[分析]　修改后的文章篇幅适中(120 words)，要点齐全、内容充实、语言丰富、句式多样、行文连贯。文中“增加细节”合情合理(见加黑部分)，尤其是最后一句与文章首句照应，结构显得非常紧凑。‎ 总之，要想使文章充实、连贯，就需要“适当增加细节”。但是，这些细节的增加需要结合体裁、主题以及行文走向，“画龙点睛”式地增加，绝不能毫无节制地乱加一气，以免冲淡主题，模糊文意，甚至“跑偏了”主题。‎ 第五讲 临场卡壳怎么办——3大办法“换、改、删”‎ 在考场上，由于受词汇量或要点提示方式的影响，考生难免会碰到某个词语不会表达，或有时某个关键句子自我感觉平庸却又不知如何润色的情况。面对这些窘境，考生内心就会非常纠结，但一时又不知如何处理。譬如，2014年四川卷在谈到“考试科目”时出现了“文综”或“理综”，有些同学挖空心思，白白浪费了许多宝贵时间，到最后还是没有写出，也有一些考生用汉语拼音(Wenzong/Lizong)，严重影响了写作质量。‎ 其实，在评分标准中有“内容要点可用不同方式表达”的基本要求。因此，考生在用英语表达时，不必拘泥于“所找要点”的汉语句子，更不要被某些词语或其结构所左右，以免影响写作质量。‎ 救场如救火。在考试中如果遇到难以表达的内容时，应该如何应对，从而完成写作任务呢？‎ 避——避开难点 在某些次要细节或引入话题的语句中，若有难以表达或无把握的词语，可视情况采用“避重就轻”或“避而不谈”方式，从容表达。也就是不字对字直译，“回避”某些词语的出现，或采用笼统的方式表达。在具体动笔时，心里要始终想着某些词语表达平庸，要在其他地方做些弥补，如在句子结构或成分上做些变化，以提高表现力。譬如：‎ ‎1．这是发生在一个精品店的故事。‎ This is a true story that happened in a shop the other day.‎ ‎[分析]　有的同学把“精品店”表达为“a fine shop”，让人一头雾水；而“a shop/store”的使用则避开了如何表达精品店的问题，因为读者关心的是“故事”而不是“精品店”‎ ‎。同时该句使用了定语从句，句子结构复杂，从而提高了句子的表现力。‎ ‎2．让我们欣喜的是，他采纳了我们的建议。‎ a: To our great joy, he adopted our suggestion.‎ b: We are more than happy that he took our advice.‎ ‎[分析]　b句使用take这个常见词，虽没有adopt那么正式，但是仍表达了相同的意思；同时还使用了“more than”这个高级词汇。‎ 但应注意，若是关于体现文章主题的“关键词语”，则不要“避而不谈”，而应想办法准确表达，即使拐弯抹角也要表达清楚，否则就会有丢失要点之嫌。‎ 换——同义转换 在写作时，我们不要被所给汉语词语或汉语句子结构左右，要在理解的基础上灵活表达。只要能表达出要点的意思，能为主题服务，无论如何表达都是可取的，是可以接受的。‎ 因此，当遇到难以表达的内容时，要通过熟悉的汉语进行多方面的考虑，如进行转换、调整或分述等，直至能用熟悉的英语表达为止。譬如前面提到的“文综”就可在理解的基础上分述为history, politics and geography；“理综”为physics, chemistry and biology。 实际上，当年有很多考生的表达就很到位，备受阅卷老师的青睐。再如：‎ ‎1．(个人爱好)我喜欢体育，为校篮球队效力。‎ ‎[点拨]　难点：效力。“为校篮球队效力”可理解为“是校篮球队队员”，这样就好表达了：I like sports, and I am a member of the school basketball team/am on the basketball team.‎ ‎2．玛丽的学习成绩在班里中游以上。‎ ‎[点拨]　难点：中游。“成绩中游以上”也就是“成绩在平均水平以上”，即：Mary’s school work is well above average.‎ ‎3．图书馆藏书颇丰。‎ ‎[点拨]　难点：藏书颇丰。可理解为“有丰富的藏书” 或“书很多”。可表达为：There are a large collection of books in the library./The library is richly equipped with books.‎ 另外，有时某些特定词语暂时找不到相对应的英语，可变通表达方式，“拐弯抹角”地表述。譬如：她认为礼物贵在心意。可以间接理解为“她认为重要的是感情而不是礼物本身”，即 She thinks it’s the feeling not the gift itself that matters. 句中有强调句，还有高级词“matter”，这就是“活用”。再看一位考生对该要点句的表达：She thinks the gift doesn’t lie in the price but in the heart. ‎ 这些句子都没有受汉语句子的影响而采用了全新的方式，摆脱了难点，表意完整、准确，有“异曲同工”之妙。‎ 改——改弦易辙 人云亦云的文章很难获得高分。在写作提示相同的情况下，表述方式的雷同是难免的。因此，当感觉所写语句会与他人表述方式相同时，就要思考改变，除了在用词上做一番变化外，还可在以下两个方面进行变化：一是改变句子结构；二是增加成分，扩展句子，以有别于他人，写出“特色”。譬如：‎ ‎1．新鲜空气有利于身体健康。‎ 一般：Fresh air is good for our health.‎ 高级：Our good health benefits from fresh air./Plenty of fresh air contributes to good health.‎ ‎2．我们不能按原计划前去旅游。‎ ‎[点拨]　难点：原计划。这时可理解为“按照计划”，according to the plan 或as (it was) planned，即：We couldn’t go traveling as planned.‎ ‎3．(描写某城市)经济发展迅速，这些年发生了巨大变化。‎ 一般：The economy is growing fast and the city has changed a lot.‎ 高级：With the economy growing fast, the city has witnessed great changes.‎ 高级：As the economy is growing fast, great changes have taken place in the city.‎ ‎[针对训练]‎ 请用以上方法完成下面句子的表达(不要直译，尤其是留意加黑词语)。‎ ‎1．(招聘信)我从报纸上获悉贵公司要招聘一名打字员。‎ I_learned_from_a_newspaper_that_a_typist_is_wanted_in_your_company.‎ ‎2．(谈论天气)我喜欢秋高气爽的天气。‎ I_like_it_when_the_weather_is_fine_in_autumn.‎ ‎3．(谈论吃月饼)这种风俗是从过去沿袭下来的。‎ ‎_This_custom_is_a_survival_from_the_past./This_custom_has_been_passed_on_from_earlier_times._‎ ‎4．(谈论同学间关系)我们俩吵了一架，但最后还是原谅了对方和好如初了。‎ ‎_We_quarreled_bitterly,_but_we_forgave_each_other_and_became_friends_again/made_up_again_at_last._‎ ‎5．这些例子都是这本词典所独有的。‎ The_examples_are_unique_to_this_dictionary./Only_this_dictionary_has_these_typical_examples._‎ ‎6．填报高考志愿时，爸爸紧紧握着我的手，试图替我选择大学和专业。‎ ‎_My_father_took_hold_of_my_hand_when_I_was_filling_in_the_application_form_for_university_admittance,_trying_to_choose_the_college_and_major_for_me.‎ ‎7．(旅游文明)我们要提醒游客不要乱扔垃圾、随地吐痰或大声喧哗。‎ We_should_remind_tourists_not_to_throw_things_or_spit_everywhere,_or_talk_loudly_in_public_places.‎ ‎8．(论读书)博览群书能增长知识、开阔眼界。‎ ‎_We_can_increase_our_knowledge_and_widen_our_view_by_reading_many_books/by_reading_widely._‎ 书面表达针对练(一)　推荐信 ‎(2016·山西省重点中学协作体高考适应性考试)假设你是李华，计划今年暑假去美国旅游两周，请给你的美国朋友David写一封电子邮件，主要内容包括：‎ ‎1．提出你对旅游地点的要求并请David推荐地点；‎ ‎2．你对住宿和交通的要求；‎ ‎3．请他代为预订宾馆并对他表示感谢。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；‎ ‎3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ Dear David，‎ ‎　 ‎ ‎　 ‎ ‎　 ‎ ‎　 ‎ Best regards! ‎ Yours, ‎ Li Hua ‎[四步写作]‎ 一、定人称、定时态，审题快而不偏 人称以第一人称为主，主要时态用一般现在时 二、列提纲、准写词，要点全而不漏 ‎1．简短的寒暄和导入 ‎①暑假 the_summer_holiday ‎②临近 draw_near ‎2．提出你对旅游景点的要求 ‎①出国旅行 travel_abroad ‎②美丽的风景 scenic_beauty ‎③自然美 the_beauty_of_nature ‎3．请David推荐地点 推荐 recommend ‎4．你对住宿和交通的要求 ‎①住在宾馆 live_in_the_hotel ‎②周围的交通 the_traffic_around ‎③租车 rent_a_car ‎5．请David代为预订宾馆并对他表示感谢 ‎①预订宾馆 book_a_hotel ‎②多谢 thanks_a_lot 三、由词汇、组成句，表达亮而不俗 ‎1．一想到假期里要去美国旅游我感到很兴奋。‎ I feel very excited at the thought that I am going to visit America in the holiday.‎ ‎2．对我来说，这是第一次独自出国旅行，所以我需要你的帮助。‎ It’s the first time for me to travel abroad on my own, so I need your help.‎ ‎3．我想游览一些有美景的地区，如高山、峡谷、河流和森林，在那里我可以享受大自然的美。‎ I’d like to visit some areas of scenic beauty, such as mountains, valleys, rivers and forests, where I could enjoy the beauty of nature.‎ ‎4．我更喜欢住在宾馆，我希望周围的交通不太拥挤，因为我要租一辆车开始我的旅行。‎ I prefer to live in the hotel and I hope the traffic around isn’t too heavy because I’m going to rent a car to start my travel.‎ ‎5．请帮我预订一个宾馆。‎ Please help me book a hotel.‎ 四、衔接词、巧串联，佳作顺而不乱 用适当的衔接词串句成文 Dear David，‎ The summer holiday is drawing near. I feel very excited at the thought that I am going to visit America in the holiday. It’s the first time for me to travel abroad on my own, so I need your help. I’d like to visit some areas of scenic beauty, such as mountains, valleys, rivers and forests, where I could enjoy the beauty of nature. Please recommend several places to me. Besides, I prefer to live in the hotel and I hope the traffic around isn’t too heavy because I’m going to rent a car to start my travel. Please help me book a hotel. Thanks a lot.‎ I’m expecting to hear from you, and I’m looking forward to meeting you.‎ Best regards!‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎[写改两用]‎ 这是根据本题目学生完成的一篇习作，文中有10处错误，请改正。‎ Dear David，‎ The summer holiday is around the corner and my dream of travelling to America is to come true, which makes me to feel excited. Which you know, this is my first visit to your country, so I have a request you (should) do me a favour. I would visit some places of great interests, which can stand by the characteristic of your country. Would you please recommend my some scenic spots?‎ As for accommodation, I’d like to live in a peace place, around which the traffic should not be too heavy, for I would rent an mountain bike for convenience. Please help me book so a hotel in advance. Much thanks!‎ Looking forward to your early reply.‎ Best regards!‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 答案：第一句：去掉feel前的to 第二句：Which→As; request后加that 第三句：interests→interest; by→for 第四句：my→me 第五句：peace→peaceful; an→a 第六句：so→such 第七句：Much→Many 书面表达针对练(二)　邀请信 ‎(2016·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)假定你是李华，你校摄影俱乐部(photography club)将举办国际中学生摄影展。请给你的英国朋友Peter写封信，请他提供作品。信的内容包括：‎ ‎1．主题：环境保护；‎ ‎2．展览时间；‎ ‎3．投稿邮箱：intlphotoshow@gmschool.com。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎[四步写作]‎ 一、定人称、定时态，审题快而不偏 人称以第一人称为主，主要时态用一般将来时 二、列提纲、准写词，要点全而不漏 ‎1．学校摄影俱乐部将举办国际中学生摄影展 举办国际中学生摄影展 hold_an_International_High_School_Student_Photography_Show ‎2．请英国朋友Peter参与并提供作品 ‎①为……提供作品 provide_masterpieces_for_...‎ ‎②参与 participate ‎3．主题是环境保护 环境保护 environmental_protection ‎4．活动日期是6月17号，尽快提供作品 ‎①活动日期 the_date_of_the_activity ‎②提交 hand_in ‎③尽快 as_soon_as_possible ‎5．投稿邮箱 邮箱地址 the_email_address 三、由词汇、组成句，表达亮而不俗 ‎1．我们学校摄影俱乐部将举办国际中学生摄影展。‎ An International High School Student Photography Show will be held by the photography club of our school.‎ ‎2．我代表我们俱乐部写信邀请你参与并为这次展览提供你的一些作品。‎ I, on behalf of our club, am writing to invite you to participate and provide some of your masterpieces for this show.‎ ‎3．这次展览的主题是环境保护，将不仅有意义，而且很有趣。‎ The theme of the show is Environmental Protection, which will be not only meaningful but also interesting.‎ ‎4．活动的日期是6月17日，你最好尽快交上你的照片。‎ The date of the activity is June 17th; you’d better hand in your photos as soon as possible.‎ ‎5．我们的电子邮箱地址是intlphotoshow@gmschool.com，我期待你的回复。‎ Our email address is intlphotoshow@gmschool.com.I’m looking forward to your reply.‎ 四、衔接词、巧串联，佳作顺而不乱 用to begin with, besides, as a result, by the way等衔接词串句成文 Dear Peter，‎ An International High School Student Photography Show will be held by the photography club of our school. I, on behalf of our club, am writing to invite you to participate and provide some of your masterpieces for this show as I know you are a photographing lover.‎ Here are some details and requirements. To begin with, the theme of the show is Environmental Protection, which will be not only meaningful but also interesting. Besides, the date of the activity is June 17th; as a result, you’d better hand in your photos as soon as possible.‎ By the way, our email address is intlphotoshow@gmschool.com.I’m looking forward to your reply.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎ ‎[写改两用]‎ 这是根据本题目学生完成的一篇习作，文中有10处错误，请改正。‎ Dear Peter，‎ How are everything going? Our school photography club is going to held an International High School Student Photography Show.As I knew, you are good at taking picture. As result, I’m writing for you to invite you to participate.‎ First of all, the theme of the show is environmental protect, what is of great importance in today’s society. In addition, the show will start from June 18th and last on for two weeks.If you are interested in them, please send your masterpieces to intlphotoshow@gmschool.com.‎ I’m looking forward to hearing from you.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎ 答案：第一句：are→is 第二句：held→hold 第三句：knew→know; picture→pictures 第四句：As 后加a; for→to 第五句：protect→protection; what→which 第六句：去掉on 第七句：them→it 书面表达针对练(三)　道歉信 ‎(2016·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)假定你是李华，与留学生朋友Bob约好一起去书店，因故不能赴约。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：‎ ‎1．表示歉意；‎ ‎2．说明原因；‎ ‎3．另约时间。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎[四步写作]‎ 一、定人称、定时态，审题快而不偏 人称以第一人称为主，主要时态用现在时。‎ 二、列提纲、准写词，要点全而不漏 ‎1．约好一起去书店 去书店 go_to_the_bookstore ‎2．表示歉意 向某人表达真诚的歉意 express_one’s_heartfelt_apology_to_sb.‎ ‎3．不能去的原因是要代表学校参加英语辩论大赛 参加英语辩论大赛take_part_in_the_English_debate_competition ‎4．另约时间 对……方便 be_convenient_for 三、由词汇、组成句，表达亮而不俗 ‎1．我们计划这个星期六去书店。 ‎ We planned to go to the bookstore this Saturday.‎ ‎2．正因为如此，我写信是想表达我真诚的道歉。‎ Because of this, I’m writing to express my heartfelt apology to you.‎ ‎3．我被选出来代表我们学校参加英语辩论比赛，你知道这对我来说是非常重要的。‎ I’m chosen to represent our school to take part in the English debate competition, which, you know is of great importance to me.‎ ‎4．如果我们这个星期天去书店你方便吗？‎ Would it be convenient for you if we go to the bookshop this Sunday?‎ 四、衔接词、巧串联，佳作顺而不乱 用unfortunately, however等衔接词串句成文 Dear Bob，‎ How are you doing? We planned to go to the bookstore this Saturday. Unfortunately, I can’t make it. Because of this, I’m writing to express my heartfelt apology to you.‎ How I wish I could go with you! However, I’m chosen to represent our school to take part in the English debate competition, which, you know is of great importance to me, for I have been dreaming of having a chance like this to improve my spoken English.‎ Would it be convenient for you if we go to the bookshop this Sunday?‎ I’m looking forward to your reply.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎[写改两用]‎ 这是根据本题目学生完成的一篇习作，文中有10处错误，请改正。‎ Dear Bob，‎ I’m indeed very sorry that I can’t go to the bookstore with you this weekend as planning. Just now, my cousin, which went to Australia for further study last year, informs me he would return this Saturday morning and asked me to pick him up at the airport. You know, I haven’t seen each other since he leaves. As a result, I have no choose but to say sorry to you.‎ Please accepting my sincere apology from bottom of my heart. How about going to the bookshop on this Sunday? Will you be available then?‎ I’m looking forward to hearing of you.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 答案：第一句：planning→planned 第二句：which→who; informs→informed 第三句：I→we; leaves→left 第四句：choose→choice 第五句：accepting→accept; from后加the 第六句：去掉on 第八句：of→from 书面表达针对练(四)　发言稿 ‎(2016·湖南省六校高三联考)假设你是晨光中学的学生会主席李津。一批来自英国的高中生与你校学生开展了为期两周的交流项目。现在，他们即将回国，你将在欢送会上致辞。请根据以下提示写一篇发言稿。‎ ‎1．回顾双方的交流项目(如学习、生活、文艺等方面)；‎ ‎2．谈谈收获；‎ ‎3．表达祝愿。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可适当增加细节，以使内容充实、行文连贯；‎ ‎3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ Dear friends，‎ How time flies！　‎ ‎　 ‎ ‎　 ‎ ‎　 ‎ ‎　 ‎ Thank you！‎ ‎[四步写作]‎ 一、定人称、定时态，审题快而不偏 人称以第一人称为主，主要时态用现在时 二、列提纲、准写词，要点全而不漏 ‎1．开展两周的交流项目 交流项目 the_exchange_program ‎2．学习 在同一个教室学习 study_in_the_same_classroom ‎3．收获 ‎①从……中收获很多 learn_a_lot_from ‎②使某人受益 benefit_sb.‎ ‎4．祝愿 返程平安、愉快 have_a_safe_and_happy_journey_home 三、由词汇、组成句，表达亮而不俗 ‎1．你们来我们学校参加交流项目已经有两个星期，让我们所有人受益。‎ It has been two weeks since you came to our school for the exchange program, which has ‎ benefited all of us.‎ ‎2．在过去两周，我们在同一个教室学习，住在同一个宿舍，这使我们更好地了解彼此。‎ During the past two weeks, we have studied in the same classroom and lived in the same dormitory, which has enabled us to know each other better.‎ ‎3．给我们印象最深的是你们的艺术技巧。‎ What impresses us most are your art skills.‎ ‎4．我们相信，我们学校的学生从交流项目中学到了很多东西。‎ We believe that the students in our school have learned a lot from the exchange program.‎ ‎5．祝你们返程平安、愉快。‎ I hope you will have a safe and happy journey home.‎ 四、衔接词、巧串联，佳作顺而不乱 用适当的衔接词串句成文 Dear friends，‎ How time flies! It has been two weeks since you came to our school for the exchange program, which has benefited all of us.‎ During the past two weeks, we have studied in the same classroom and lived in the same dormitory, which has enabled us to know each other better. What impresses us most are your art skills, in which you showed outstanding talent. We believe that the students in our school have learned a lot from the exchange program.‎ At last, on behalf of all the students in our school, I hope you will have a safe and happy journey home.‎ Thank you!‎ ‎[写改两用]‎ 这是根据本题目学生完成的一篇习作，文中有10处错误，请改正。‎ Dear friends，‎ How time flies! Two weeks has gone by before we knew it.‎ My name is Li Jin, the chairman of the Student Union of our school. I feel a great honor to deliver a farewell speech here at behalf of the students of our school. During this period, all of us held many culture activities, from them we learned a great deal. We hold a discussion about our studies and different lifestyles. In addition, we shared with each other about the Chinese and British literature and arts.The last two week witnessed the deep and sincere communication between ourselves. We now know each other well than ever before.‎ Wish you a pleasant journey back home.‎ Thank you!‎ 答案：第二句：knew→know 第三句：去掉第一个the 第四句：feel后加it; at→on/in 第五句：culture→cultural; them→which 第六句：hold→held 第八句：week→weeks; ourselves→us 第九句：well→better 书面表达针对练(五)　演讲稿 ‎(2016·合肥高三质检)在和谐社会里，人际关系中的互帮互助已成为我们生活中的重要组成部分。下周英国友好学校将来你校访问，你校英语俱乐部将举行一次以“Helping Each Other Makes the World Wonderful”为题的英语演讲比赛。请你以李华的名义用英语写一篇演讲稿。内容要点如下：‎ ‎1．帮助同学——加深友谊；‎ ‎2．帮助老人——幸福；‎ ‎3．帮助病人——快乐；‎ ‎4．帮助别人的体会和感悟。‎ 注意：词数100左右。‎ ‎[四步写作]‎ 一、定人称、定时态，审题快而不偏 人称以第一人称为主，主要时态用一般现在时 二、列提纲、准写词，要点全而不漏 ‎1．人际关系中的互帮互助 互帮互助 help_each_other ‎2．帮助同学——加深友谊 加深友谊 strengthen_friendship_‎ ‎3．帮助老人——幸福 感到幸福 feel_happy ‎4．帮助病人——快乐 帮助住院病人 help_patients_in_hospital ‎5．帮助别人的体会和感悟 ‎①促进，提升 promote ‎②非常有用 be_of_great_use ‎③采取行动 take_action 三、由词汇、组成句，表达亮而不俗 ‎1．我们都知道，互帮互助是我们生活的重要组成部分。‎ As we all know, helping each other is an important part of our life.‎ ‎2．我们可以从帮助别人中获得更多。‎ We can gain more from helping others.‎ ‎3．当我们帮助我们的同学时，我们可以加深我们的友谊。‎ We can strengthen our friendship when we help our classmates.‎ ‎4．帮助别人可以提升我们自己。‎ Helping others can promote ourselves.‎ ‎5．我乐于帮助有困难的人。我坚信这对于构建一个和谐美好的世界将非常有用。‎ I’m ready to help others in need, and I strongly believe that it will be of great use to build a harmonious and wonderful world.‎ 四、衔接词、巧串联，佳作顺而不乱 用for example, and, in a word, so等衔接词串句成文 Helping Each Other Makes the World Wonderful Hello, everyone. I’m Li Hua. Today I am very glad to have the chance to speak about the topic.‎ As we all know, helping each other is an important part of our life. We can gain more from helping others. For example, we can strengthen our friendship when we help our classmates. We can feel happy when we help old people. And we can take great pleasure when we help patients in hospital.‎ In a word, helping others can promote ourselves. So I’m ready to help others in need, and I strongly believe that it will be of great use to build a harmonious and wonderful world. Let’s take action to achieve the good wishes.‎ Thank you for your listening.‎ ‎[写改两用]‎ 这是根据本题目学生完成的一篇习作，文中有10处错误，请改正。‎ Helping Each Other Makes the World Wonderful Ladies and gentlemen, I’m Li Hua. I am so honoured to be here today with all of you to talk of helping each other.‎ In our life we often help others and also gets help from others. When we help our classmates with their study and others things, we can developed our friendship. If we give hand to old people, we can understand the meaning of happy. We can also give our helping hands to those who is suffering from illness, which it can give us much pleasure.I think we can get much when helped the people around us. As the saying goes, “Giving is much best than receiving.”‎ 答案：第二句：of→about/on 第三句：gets→get 第四句：others→other; developed→develop 第五句：give后加a; happy→happiness 第六句：is→are; 去掉it 第七句：helped→helping 第八句：best→better ‎书面表达针对练(六)　倡议书 ‎(2016·广州高考模拟)假设你是育才中学学生会主席李华。针对目前一些地方血库纷纷告急这一情况，请参照以下提示，用英文写一份倡议书，提倡无偿献血。‎ ‎1．社会上对献血的错误认识；‎ ‎2．指出献血的意义；‎ ‎3．开展相关活动。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；‎ ‎3．开头与结尾已为你写好，但不计入总词数。‎ Boys and girls，‎ Recently some blood banks across the country are reported to be short of blood supplies.　‎ ‎　 ‎ ‎　 ‎ ‎　 ‎ ‎　 ‎ Students’ Union ‎[四步写作]‎ 一、定人称、定时态，审题快而不偏 人称以第一人称为主，主要时态用一般现在时 二、列提纲、准写词，要点全而不漏 ‎1．社会上对献血的错误认识 ‎①导致疾病 cause_some_illnesses ‎②坚持 insist_on ‎2．指出献血的意义 ‎①救命 save_one_life ‎②献血 donate_blood ‎3．开展相关活动 ‎①开展活动 carry_out_activities ‎②使某人意识到 make_sb._aware_of 三、由词汇、组成句，表达亮而不俗 ‎1．人们对献血的看法因人而异。‎ People’s opinions about donating blood vary from person to person.‎ ‎2．有些人认为这不是一件好事。他们持有这个观点是因为它可能会导致一些疾病。‎ Some people think it is not a good thing. They hold this opinion because it may cause ‎ some illnesses.‎ ‎3．其他人坚持献血，因为它可以挽救别人的生命。‎ Others insist on donating blood, because it could save others’ life.‎ ‎4．就我而言，我赞成后者的观点。‎ As to me, I am in favor of the latter idea.‎ ‎5．当有人可能因失血快要丧命时，如果你及时献血你就会挽救一个生命。‎ When somebody may lack blood and almost lose his or her life, you will save one life if you donate blood in time.‎ ‎6．应该开展一些活动让人们意识到献血的重要性。‎ Some activities should be carried out to make people aware of the importance of donating blood.‎ 四、衔接词、巧串联，佳作顺而不乱 用however, first, second, so等衔接词串句成文 Boys and girls，‎ Recently some blood banks across the country are reported to be short of blood supplies. People’s opinions about donating blood vary from person to person. Some people think it is not a good thing. They hold this opinion because it may cause some illnesses. However, others insist on donating blood, because it could save others’ life.‎ As to me, I am in favor of the latter idea. The following are the reasons for my choice. First, when somebody may lack blood and almost lose his or her life, you will save one life if you donate blood in time. Second, we are all in the same family, and we should help each other.‎ So some activities should be carried out to make people aware of the importance of donating blood.‎ Students’ Union ‎[写改两用]‎ 这是根据本题目学生完成的一篇习作，文中有10处错误，请改正。‎ Boys and girls，‎ Recently some blood banks across the country are reported to be short of blood supplies. Some people hold the wrong idea that donate blood does harm to the donators’ health, but we shouldn’t donate our blood to others.‎ But the truth is when a small amount of blood is taken out, the body will make an quick adjustment to work normally.Blood is important to patients, and without which much of them can’t survive. And to the youth in the new age, not only is donating blood for free a society responsibility, but also it show the spirit of cooperation and sharing.‎ We senior high school students should set a good example for other people. From now on,‎ ‎ our school will hold a series of activity to tell people the benefits of donating blood.‎ Students’ Union 答案：第二句：donate→donating; but→so 第三句：第一个is后加that; an→a 第四句：去掉and或which→it; much→many 第五句：society→social; show→shows 第六句：for→to 第七句：activity→activities 书面表达针对练(七)　建议信(一)‎ ‎(2016·河南省八市重点高中质量检测)假设你是李华，最近你校根据学生的爱好和兴趣，开展了许多课外活动。请你用英语给校报写一封建议信，内容应包括：‎ ‎1．列举你们学校开展的三项课外活动；‎ ‎2．介绍你感兴趣的活动，说明原因及这些活动带给你的益处；‎ ‎3．请你就如何选择课外活动提出两条建议。‎ 注意：1.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；‎ ‎2．词数100左右，信的格式已给出，不计入总词数；‎ ‎3．文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称。‎ Dear editor，‎ ‎　 ‎ ‎　 ‎ ‎　 ‎ ‎　 ‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎[四步写作]‎ 一、定人称、定时态，审题快而不偏 人称以第一人称为主，主要时态用一般现在时 二、列提纲、准写词，要点全而不漏 ‎1．学校开展的课外活动 ‎①课外活动 afterclass_activities ‎②例如 such_as ‎2．你感兴趣的活动，说明原因及这些活动带给你的益处 ‎①对……感兴趣 be_interested_in ‎②提高英语口语 improve_one’s_spoken_English ‎③吸引某人 appeal_to_sb.‎ ‎3．给别的同学提建议 ‎①最好做某事 had_better_do_sth.‎ ‎②充分利用 make_the_best_of 三、由词汇、组成句，表达亮而不俗 ‎1．如今，课外活动在高中正变得越来越受欢迎。‎ Nowadays, afterclass activities are becoming increasingly popular in senior high school.‎ ‎2．我们学校有各种各样的课外活动，如英语角、阳光电台、快乐阅读俱乐部等。‎ We have many kinds of afterclass activities in our school, such as the English Corner, Sunshine Radio Station, Happy Reading Club and so on.‎ ‎3．我对英语角感兴趣，因为它不仅可以帮助我交一些新朋友，也可以提高我的英语口语。‎ I’m interested in the English Corner, because it can not only help me make some new friends but also improve my spoken English.‎ ‎4．如果你想参加课外活动，我有一些建议。‎ If you want to take part in afterclass activities, I have some suggestions.‎ 四、衔接词、巧串联，佳作顺而不乱 用in addition, first, second等衔接词串句成文 Dear editor，‎ Nowadays, afterclass activities are becoming increasingly popular in senior high school.We also have many kinds of afterclass activities in our school, such as the English Corner, Sunshine Radio Station, Happy Reading Club and so on.‎ I’m interested in the English Corner, because it can not only help me make some new friends but also improve my spoken English.In addition, the Sunshine Radio also appeals to me a lot.There I can have an unforgettable experience and I hope my dream of being a host may come true one day. These afterclass activities make me feel more confident.‎ If you want to take part in afterclass activities, I have some suggestions. First, you had better choose the activity which you like best. Second, try to make the best of your interest.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎[写改两用]‎ 这是根据本题目学生完成的一篇习作，文中有10处错误，请改正。‎ Dear editor，‎ To make our life rich and colour, our school organizes many afterclass activity such as playing basketball, playing football, dancing and so on.‎ I participate actively in playing basketball, that is my favourite. I benefit a great deal of ‎ it, because it not only builds up my body but also helps me make many friends who has the same interest. Besides, comparing with those who spend more time on our studies and little time in taking part in activities, I perform much better in class.‎ As for choice of afterclass activities, this is your interest that matters. Furthermore, to make good use of your interest.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 答案：第一句：colour→colourful; activity→activities 第二句：that→which 第三句：of→from; has→have 第四句：comparing→compared; our→their 第五句：for后加the; this→it 第六句：去掉to 书面表达针对练(八)　建议信(二)‎ ‎(2016·潍坊高三上学期期末统考)假设你是李华，你班最近举行了一次班会，讨论怎样使英语学习变成一件快乐的事。请你根据下面所提示的信息，为某英语网站写一封建议信，谈谈你们的讨论情况并提出你的建议。‎ 讨论情况：1.课内互动；‎ ‎2．课外活动；‎ ‎3．运用英语。‎ 注意：1.对所给要点逐一陈述，不要简单翻译；‎ ‎2．词数100左右，开头和结尾已经写好，不计入总词数。‎ 参考词汇：互动的interactive Dear sir，‎ Recently, we had a discussion on how to make learning English relaxing and fun.　‎ ‎　 ‎ ‎　 ‎ ‎　 ‎ ‎　 ‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎[四步写作]‎ 一、定人称、定时态，审题快而不偏 人称以第一人称为主，主要时态用一般现在时 二、列提纲、准写词，要点全而不漏 ‎1．同学们提出了很多建议 提出建议 put_forward_suggestions ‎2．课内互动：课堂讨论、讲故事、英语对话等 互动活动 interactive_activities ‎3．课外活动：寻找各种机会用英语交流 ‎①寻找尽可能多的机会 find_as_many_chances_as_possible ‎②练习 practise ‎4．运用英语：听英语歌曲、看英语电视节目、交英语笔友等 ‎①听英语歌曲 listen_to_English_songs ‎②看英语电视节目 watch_English_TV_programs ‎③交英语笔友 make_English_pen_friends 三、由词汇、组成句，表达亮而不俗 ‎1．他们中的一些人建议我们在课堂上要有更多的互动活动，这将为我们提供使用英语的机会。‎ Some of them suggest that we (should) have more interactive activities in class, which will provide a chance for us to use English.‎ ‎2．我们可以组织英语演讲比赛或晚会，这些都是学习英语的有趣的方式。‎ We can organize English speech contests or English evenings, which are all fun ways to learn English.‎ ‎3．在我看来，我们可以听英语歌曲、看英语电视节目。‎ In my opinion, we can listen to English songs and watch English TV programs.‎ ‎4．浏览英语网站是一个好主意，这给我们提供了一个有趣的英语世界。‎ It’s a good idea to surf English websites, which offer us a fun world of English.‎ 四、衔接词、巧串联，佳作顺而不乱 用适当的衔接词串句成文 Dear sir，‎ Recently, we had a discussion on how to make learning English relaxing and fun. The students have put forward many suggestions about this. Some of them suggest that we (should) have more interactive activities in class, which will provide a chance for us to use English.After class, it’s up to us to find as many chances as possible to practise it. We can even organize English speech contests or English evenings, which are all fun ways to learn English.‎ There is no limit to the ways we can come up with to make it a fun thing to learn English. In my opinion, we can listen to English songs, watch English TV programs or make English ‎ pen friends on the Internet. It’s also a good idea to surf English websites, which offer us a fun world of English.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎[写改两用]‎ 这是根据本题目学生完成的一篇习作，文中有10处错误，请改正。‎ Dear sir，‎ Recently, we had a discussion on how to make learning English relaxing and fun. It’s natural if we have come up with many suggestion concerning the topic. First of all, we can have more interactive activities in class, that are helpful in making English learning great fun. Secondly, we need to find more chances communicate with people in English, whether they are English teachers or classmates, because using English is a best way to learn.‎ These ideas sounds reasonable and practical. From my experience, there are many other interested and relaxing ways. For example, we can listened to English songs and watch English movies. We can also watch English programs, join in English clubs or make English pen friends on the Internet.‎ All in all, how we need is more free time and more space.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 答案：第二句：if→that; suggestion→suggestions 第三句：that→which 第四句：chances后加to; a→the 第五句：sounds→sound 第六句：interested→interesting 第七句：listened→listen 第八句：去掉in 第九句：how→what书面表达针对练 ‎(九)　申请信(一)‎ ‎(2016·江西重点中学盟校联考)假如你叫李华，某英语报社准备在你所在城市举办英语夏令营，开设的课程有街舞(the street dance)、烹饪(cooking)、中国武术(Chinese kung fu)、护理(nursing)等。你想发电子邮件报名参加其中一门课程。内容包括：‎ ‎1．你感兴趣的课程；‎ ‎2．你期望从这门课程中学到什么；‎ ‎3．为什么想学这些内容。‎ 注意：1.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； ‎ ‎2．词数100左右，开头与结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。‎ Dear Editor，‎ ‎　 ‎ ‎　 ‎ ‎　 ‎ ‎　 ‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎[四步写作]‎ 一、定人称、定时态，审题快而不偏 人称以第一人称为主，主要时态用一般现在时 二、列提纲、准写词，要点全而不漏 ‎1．听说你们要在我们城市举办英语夏令营，我很高兴，并且想报名参加其中一门课程，并说明原因 ‎①举办英语夏令营 hold_the_English_summer_camp ‎②申请参加 apply_to_attend ‎③梦想成为一名护士 dream_of_becoming_a_nurse ‎2．你期望从这门课程中学到什么；为什么想学这些内容 ‎①更好地了解 gain_a_little_more_knowledge_of ‎②有助于照顾好 help_to_take_good_care_of ‎3．再次表明自己的诚意，希望得到答复 ‎①利用这个机会 take_advantage_of_this_chance ‎②学习一些护理的基础知识 learn_some_basic_knowledge_of_nursing 三、由词汇、组成句，表达亮而不俗 ‎1．从报纸上得知你们将在我们城市举办英语夏令营，我迫不及待地想申请参加你们的其中一门课程。‎ Having learned from the newspaper that you will hold the English summer camp in our city, I cannot wait to apply to attend one of your courses.‎ ‎2．你们提供的课程中，护理最吸引我。‎ Of the courses you’ve provided, the course about nursing appeals to me most.‎ ‎3．我希望能获得更多的护理知识，以便我上大学后，对我主修护理专业有所帮助。‎ I hope to gain a little more knowledge of nursing so that it can help me major in nursing after I attend college.‎ ‎4．学习更多关于护理的知识可以帮助照顾好我的父母。‎ Learning more about nursing can help to take good care of my parents.‎ ‎5．我希望我可以利用这个机会学习一些基本的护理知识。‎ I hope that I can learn some basic knowledge of nursing by taking advantage of this chance.‎ 四、衔接词、巧串联，佳作顺而不乱 用to begin with, additionally等衔接词串句成文 Dear Editor，‎ Having learned from the newspaper that you will hold the English summer camp in our city, I cannot wait to apply to attend one of your courses.‎ Of the courses you’ve provided, the course about nursing appeals to me most, as I have always been dreaming of becoming a nurse since my childhood.‎ To begin with, I hope to gain a little more knowledge of nursing so that it can help me major in nursing after I attend college. Additionally, learning more about nursing can help to take good care of my parents, who have been devoted to caring for me as I grow up.‎ I hope that I can learn some basic knowledge of nursing by taking advantage of this chance.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎[写改两用]‎ 这是根据本题目学生完成的一篇习作，文中有10处错误，请改正。‎ Dear Editor，‎ I’m glad to hear that you will held the English summer camp in our city, which consist of many courses. Of the courses you have, one in particular has aroused my interested, and that is the street dance. The street dance is a popular urban youth culture close associated with rap music and holds the fancy of young. For another one thing, it’s a good form of exercises. However, it’s a good way for us to get relaxed and refreshed when we are dancing to the beat of the music.‎ As a student, I usually bury myself on my lessons and often feel stressed. By learn the street dance, I can get rid of some stress and get motivated for my lessons.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎ 答案：第一句：held→hold; consist→consists 第二句：interested→interest 第三句：close→closely; young前加the 第四句：去掉another; exercises→exercise 第五句：However→Besides 第六句：on→in 第七句：learn→learning 书面表达针对练(十)　申请信(二)‎ ‎(2016·皖南八校联考)你校的外教Chris Pearson开设了一个英语辅导班(English Tutorial)，可根据学生的实际需要进行辅导。报名者须根据个人实际情况提出申请并选择辅导内容。假如你是李明，请你给外教写一封电子邮件申请加入辅导班。内容主要包括：‎ ‎1．介绍个人情况；‎ ‎2．说明辅导意向(如口语、语法、写作、文化知识等其中的一项或几项)；‎ ‎3．表达愿望。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；‎ ‎3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ Dear Mr. Pearson，‎ I am writing to apply for the membership of the English Tutorial.　‎ ‎　 ‎ ‎　 ‎ Looking forward to your reply. ‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Ming ‎[四步写作]‎ 一、定人称、定时态，审题快而不偏 人称以第一人称为主，主要时态用一般现在时 二、列提纲、准写词，要点全而不漏 ‎1．介绍个人情况 ‎①擅长 be_good_at ‎②申请 apply_for ‎2．说明英语学习中的困难 在……方面有困难 have_difficulty_in_...‎ ‎3．要参加的辅导项目 ‎①英语口语 oral_English ‎②语法 grammar ‎4．参加辅导的愿望 ‎①如果……我将不胜感激 I_would_appreciate_it_if_...‎ ‎②申请 application 三、由词汇、组成句，表达亮而不俗 ‎1．我认为这是一个提高我的英语技能的好机会。‎ I think it is a good chance for me to improve my English skills.‎ ‎2．虽然已经学习英语近六年了，我仍然没掌握好。‎ Though I have been learning English for nearly six years, I’m still not good at it.‎ ‎3．我觉得语法很困难，以至于我必须花很多时间在上面。‎ I find the grammar is so difficult that I must spend much time on it.‎ ‎4．我们的老师只强调英语知识的教学。因此，我们没有机会练习英语口语。‎ Our teacher only emphasizes the teaching of English knowledge.As a result, we have no chance to practise oral English.‎ ‎5．我确信，在你的帮助下，我的语法和口语可以大大提高。‎ I’m convinced that my grammar and oral English could be greatly improved with your help.‎ 四、衔接词、巧串联，佳作顺而不乱 用firstly, in addition, therefore等衔接词串句成文 Dear Mr.Pearson，‎ I am writing to apply for the membership of the English Tutorial. I think it is a good chance for me to improve my English skills.‎ Firstly, I’d like to tell you my present situation. Though I have been learning English for nearly six years, I’m still not good at it. I find the grammar is so difficult that I must spend much time on it. In addition, to ensure students can get good marks in exams, our teacher only emphasizes the teaching of English knowledge. As a result, we have no chance to practise oral English. From time to time, I can’t get my ideas across to others. Therefore, I hope I can be a member of the English Tutorial. I’m convinced that my grammar and oral English could be greatly improved with your help.‎ Looking forward to your reply.‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Ming ‎ ‎[写改两用]‎ 这是根据本题目学生完成的一篇习作，文中有10处错误，请改正。‎ Dear Mr.Pearson, ‎ I am writing to apply for the membership of the English Tutorial. As an Senior 3 student, I’m not doing very well in English but I always get poor marks in the exam. Although my spoken English is very good, and I can even communicate to the foreigners, but my written English and grammar are very bad. Besides, I can’t write the English composition good, that is what troubles me most. Could you offer me guide on English learning, especially written ‎ English and grammars in the English Tutorial?‎ I would appreciate if you could consider mine application. ‎ Looking forward to your reply.‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Ming 答案：第二句：an→a; but→and 第三句：to→with；去掉but 第四句：good→well; that→which 第五句：guide→guidance; grammars→grammar 第六句：appreciate后加it; mine→my 书面表达针对练(十一)　普通书信/电子邮件(一)‎ ‎(2016·四川高考书面表达)某中学生英文报正举办“The Season I Like Best”的征文活动，请用英文写一篇短文投稿，内容应包括：‎ ‎1．你最喜欢的季节；‎ ‎2．你喜欢该季节的两条理由(如：气候、景色、活动、感受……)。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．题目已为你写好；‎ ‎3．行文连贯，语篇完整；‎ ‎4．文中不得透露个人真实信息。‎ The Season I Like Best ‎　 ‎ ‎　 ‎ ‎　 ‎ ‎　 ‎ ‎[四步写作]‎ 一、定人称、定时态，审题快而不偏 人称以第一人称为主，主要时态用现在时 二、列提纲、准写词，要点全而不漏 ‎1．你最喜欢的季节 最喜欢的 favorite ‎2．你喜欢该季节的两条理由 ‎①精力充沛 full_of_energy ‎②让某人完全自由 lead_sb._to_full_freedom 三、由词汇、组成句，表达亮而不俗 ‎1．在一年的四个季节中，夏天是我最喜欢的，它让我自由、兴奋和充满活力。‎ Among the four seasons in a year, summer is my favorite, which makes me free, excited and energetic. ‎ ‎2．每年，当我们学生的暑假来临时，我们可以做在学校期间不能做的一切。‎ When summer vacation for us students comes every year, we can do all that we can’t do during our school time.‎ ‎3．夏天让我精力充沛，我感觉我有力量去做我一生中最困难的事情。‎ Summer makes me full of energy and I feel I have the strength to do the most difficult thing in my life.‎ 四、衔接词、巧串联，佳作顺而不乱 用furthermore, in a word 等衔接词串句成文 The Season I Like Best Among the four seasons in a year, summer is my favorite, which makes me free, excited and energetic. ‎ When summer vacation for us students comes every year, we can do all that we can’t do during our school time, going shopping with friends, swimming in warm water and even hiking and camping in the deep valleys, all of which, I think, lead me to full freedom. Furthermore, We can find us in an exciting world every day, with the sun shining brightly, trees growing greenly and flowers coming out with all kinds of colors. In a word, summer makes me full of energy and I feel I have the strength to do the most difficult thing in my life. I like summer best, and what about you?‎ ‎[写改两用]‎ 这是根据本题目学生完成的一篇习作，文中有10处错误，请改正。‎ The Season I Like Best If someone asks me which season I like better, I can told him without hesitation that spring is my favorite of the four seasons.‎ Two reasons may account of why I like spring best. In spring, the weather gets warmer but the days get longer. Everything begins grow. Many kinds of the flowers start to come out, what give the earth a pretty coat, making this world a better place to live in. Besides, I like to go camp in spring and I feel such refreshed in the surrounding of nature. I will forget all my bad moods when walking in nature.‎ Spring are my favorite season.‎ 答案：第一句：better→best; told→tell 第二句：of→for 第三句：but→and 第四句：begins后加to 第五句：去掉第一个the; what→which 第六句：camp→camping; such→so 第八句：are→is 书面表达针对练(十二)　普通书信/电子邮件(二)‎ ‎(2016·福建五校毕业班统考)假如你是李华。上周你们学校举行了秋季运动会，请给你的美国笔友Jack写一封回信，介绍你和你们班同学参加运动会的情况和感受。‎ 写作要点如下：‎ ‎1．运动会项目多，组织好；‎ ‎2．你参加比赛的情况；‎ ‎3．同学们运动会期间的表现；‎ ‎4．你对这次运动会的感受。‎ 注意：1.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；‎ ‎2．词数100左右，开头及结尾已给出，不计入总词数；‎ ‎3．不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。‎ Dear Jack，‎ How nice to hear from you again！　‎ ‎　 ‎ ‎　 ‎ ‎　 ‎ ‎　 ‎ Yours truly，‎ Li Hua ‎[四步写作]‎ 一、定人称、定时态，审题快而不偏 人称以第一人称为主，主要时态用一般过去时 二、列提纲、准写词，要点全而不漏 ‎1．运动会项目多，组织好 ‎①组织好的 wellorganized ‎②项目 event ‎2．你参加比赛的情况 ‎①参加 take_part_in ‎②冲过终点线 pass_the_finishing_line ‎3．同学们运动会期间的表现 ‎①加油 cheer_on ‎②为……赢得荣誉 win_honor_for ‎4．你对这次运动会的感受 ‎①成功 success ‎②组织更多这样的活动 organize_more_activities_like_this 三、由词汇、组成句，表达亮而不俗 ‎1．让我来告诉你一些上周在我们学校举行的运动会的情况。‎ Let me tell you something about the sports meeting held in our school last week.‎ ‎2．我参加了400米比赛，最终我第三个通过了终点线。‎ I took part in the 400 metres and finally I was the third one who passed the finishing line.‎ ‎3．每个运动员都尽自己的最大努力为班级赢得荣誉。‎ Each player tried his best to win honor for his class.‎ ‎4．由于我们的努力，我们班获得了第一名。‎ Thanks to our efforts, our class won the first place.‎ ‎5．运动会很成功，我希望将来可以组织更多这类活动。 ‎ The sports meeting was a great success and I hope more activities like this can be organized in the future.‎ 四、衔接词、巧串联，佳作顺而不乱 用适当的衔接词串句成文 Dear Jack，‎ How nice to hear from you again！Let me tell you something about the sports meeting held in our school last week.‎ The sports meeting was wellorganized. There were a number of events to choose from, such as basketball, badminton, 400 metres and so on.‎ I took part in the 400 metres and finally I was the third one who passed the finishing line. My classmates cheered the players on and each player tried his best to win honor for his class. Thanks to our efforts, our class won the first place.‎ The sports meeting was a great success and I hope more activities like this can be organized in the future.‎ Yours truly，‎ Li Hua ‎ ‎[写改两用]‎ 这是根据本题目学生完成的一篇习作，文中有10处错误，请改正。‎ Dear Jack，‎ How nice to hear from you again! Last week we have a sports meeting. Though the weather wasn’t very fine that day, but the students were all very exciting.‎ The sports meeting had many event and was wellorganized. Many students just watched them, some of whom was busy writing articles about it. The relay races, which I took part,‎ ‎ were very exciting. Though we didn’t win a first place, we were still very happily.This is because many of my classmates tried their best at the sports meeting and they got lot of good places. They were all best in my eyes. I was thankful to they for doing their best for our class.‎ Yours truly，‎ Li Hua ‎ 答案：第二句：have→had 第三句：去掉but; exciting→excited 第四句：event→events 第五句：was→were 第六句：part后加in 第七句：a→the; happily→happy 第八句：lot前加a或lot→lots 第十句：they→them