2020届二轮复习名词性从句

2020届二轮复习名词性从句

‎2020届二轮复习 名词性从句 ‎【考情分析】‎ ‎1．what，that引导名词性从句的区别；‎ ‎2．whether，if引导名词性从句的区别；‎ ‎3．名词性从句与定语从句、状语从句的区别；‎ ‎4．it作形式主语、形式宾语的情况；‎ ‎5．名词性从句中的虚拟语气。‎ ‎【知识归纳】‎ 考点一：名词性从句分类 名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。‎ ‎（一）主语从句 ‎ 1、主语从句在复合句作主语。‎ ‎ e.g. Who will go is not important.‎ ‎ 2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。‎ ‎ e.g. It doesn’t matter so much whether you will come or not.‎ ‎ 注意：that引导主语从句时，不能省略。‎ ‎ e.g. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.‎ ‎（二）表语从句 ‎ 1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。‎ ‎ e.g. The question was who could go there.‎ ‎ 注意：引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。‎ ‎ e.g. My idea is (that) we can get more comrades to help in the work.‎ ‎（三）宾语从句 ‎ 1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。‎ ‎ e.g. I hope (that) everything is all right.‎ ‎ 2、介词之后的宾语从句，不可用which或if连接，要分别用what或 whether。‎ ‎ e.g. I’m interested in whether you’ve finished the work..‎ ‎ I’m interested in what you’ve said.‎ ‎ 注意1：whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。‎ ‎ ①宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。‎ e.g. I wonder if it doesn’t rain.‎ ‎②用if 会引起误解，就要用whether。‎ e.g. Please let me know whether you want to go.（此句如果把whether改成if，容易当成条件句理解）‎ ‎③宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用，就不能换成if；不直接连用，可换。‎ e.g. I don’t know whether or not the report is true.‎ I don’t know whether/ if the report is true or not.‎ 注意2以下情况只能用whether ‎⑴介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导 ‎⑵whether 可与不定式连用 ‎⑶whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，让步状语从句，以上从句中均不能换成if ‎⑷宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用 e.g. It depends on whether we have enough money.‎ ‎ They don’t know whether to go there.‎ ‎（四）同位语从句 同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等）之后，说明该名词的具体内容。‎ e.g. I have no idea when he will be back.‎ ‎ The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.‎ ‎1.同位语从句的功能 同位语从句对名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导。如： The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people. 国王作出的这名囚犯释放的决定让人们大吃一惊。‎ ‎2.同位语在句子中的位置 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。如： He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 他从玛丽那里得知运动会要延期举行。‎ ‎3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别 ‎1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。 ‎2)定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述它的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。如： The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year. 他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语） The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him. 汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分） 考点二 名词性从句的关联词分类：‎ ‎1． 从属连词：that, whether, if, as if 注意：that, whether, if, as if。that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if (whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。‎ Eg: The question is whether it is worth doing.‎ My hope is that she will soon be well again.（表语从句）‎ Everybody hopes that she will soon be well again.（宾语从句）‎ That she will soon be well again is our hope.（主语从句）‎ 需要注意的是：引导主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句的情况，that是不可以省略的 ‎2． 连接代词：who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever Eg:Who will take his place is unknown.‎ That is what he is worried about.‎ I have no idea which team will win.‎ 注意：连接代词有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。‎ ‎3． 连接副词：when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however Eg:Where she has gone s not known yet.‎ Please tell me when we shall discuss our work plan.‎ This is why he is late.‎ You have no idea how worried I was.‎ 注意：连接副词有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。‎ ‎ 总结：连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语不用疑问式，而应用陈述语序。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词whether 和if（是否），as if（好象）在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词，whether、if 和as if都用不上时，才用that作连接词（that本身无任何含义）。‎ 考点三 that 和what 引导的名词性从句 that和what都可以引导名词性从句，但that 是连接词，本身无词义，仅起连接作用，不在从句中担任任何成分；what是连接代词，不仅引导名词性从句，而且在从句中充当一定的成分，如主语、宾语或表语。如：‎ That he stole a bike was true.‎ 他真的偷了一辆自行车。‎ The important thing is what you do, but not what you say.‎ 重要的是你做什么，而不是说什么。‎ 考点四 if和whether引导的名词性从句 whether和if均可引导动词后的宾语从句，常可互换。但从句中有or not时或介词宾语从句中只能用whether连接。其他名词性从句，如主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句只用whether连接，不用if。如：‎ I don’t care about whether you have money or not.‎ 我并不在意你是否有钱。‎ 介词后的宾语从句一般不用which和if引导，要用whether和what。that也很少引导介词宾语从句，只在except, but, besides等之后才用。如：‎ I could say nothing but that I was angry.‎ 我无话可说，只是感到生气。‎ 考点五 “疑问词”及“疑问词＋ever”引导的名词性从句 ‎1‎ ‎．如何选择这些引导词呢？根据它们的意思和从句所缺的成分进行选择 ‎(1)who意为“谁”，在从句中可以用作主语、表语或宾语。‎ ‎(2)whom意为“谁”，在从句中用作宾语，一般可以用who来取代，但在介词后面时只能用whom。‎ ‎(3)whose意为“谁的”，在从句中用作定语。‎ ‎(4)which意为“哪一个”，在从句中用作定语。‎ ‎(5)when意为“什么时候”，在从句中用作时间状语；where意为“哪里”，在从句中用作地点状语；how意为“怎样，多么……”，在从句中用作状语；why意为“为什么”，在从句中用作原因状语。‎ ‎2．连接代词whoever，whatever，whichever可引导名词性从句，相当于anyone who, anything that等。他们也可以引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter who/ what/ which。如：‎ Whoever breaks the law should be punished. 任何违法的人都要受到惩罚。‎ ‎3．who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法区别 一般说来，what/who等含特指意义，而whatever/whoever等含泛指意义，意为“无论什么/无论谁”，相当于anything that.../anyone who...。 如：‎ Whoever wants to go may go. ‎ 无论谁想去都可以去。‎ Do you know who can repair a bike? ‎ 你知道谁会修自行车吗？ ‎ You can have whatever food you want. ‎ 你想吃什么都可以。 ‎ He can do what he wants to. ‎ 他可以(能够)想做什么就做什么。 ‎ ‎【提醒】　‎ ‎(1)介词后的宾语从句一般不用which和if引导，要用whether和what。that也很少引导介词宾语从句，只在except, but, besides, in等之后才用。‎ ‎(2)引导宾语从句的连接词that一般可以省略，但如果有二个或二个以上的宾语从句时，最后一个that不可以省略。‎ ‎(3)如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则必须用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置，并且that不能省略。‎ ‎(4)doubt用于肯定结构时，后面用whether/ if引导名词性从句；用于否定结构或疑问结构时，后面用that引导名词性从句。be sure 用于肯定句或疑问句时，后接that引导的名词性从句；用于否定句时，后接whether/ if引导的名词性从句。‎ ‎(5)连接代词who，what，whose，which通常不能引导同位语从句。‎ ‎1. 在主语从句中, 下面的几种情况谓语动词通常用“should ‎ ‎+动词原形”,should可省略。 ‎ ‎　　① “It is+形容词+that ... ”句型。常见的形容词有important, necessary, natural, funny, strange, surprising, astonishing等。‎ I was surprised/shocked that the boy should shout at his head teacher. 这位男生竟然对班主任大声嚷嚷,我感到很吃惊。 ‎ It is strange that the poor old man should have been invited to his wedding. 那位贫穷老人竟然被邀请参加他的婚礼,真是奇怪。‎ ‎② “It is +名词+that ...”句型。常见的名词有pity, shame, advice, suggestion, proposal(提议,建议),requirement, request, desire, order等。‎ It’s really a wonder that all the passengers on board should have been saved while the plane itself sank into the freezing Hudson River in New York.‎ ‎③ “It is+动词的过去分词+ that ... ”句型。常见的动词有advise, order, propose, request, suggest, demand, require等。如: ‎ It was ordered that no parking allowed in front of the building.‎ ‎2. 在含有advice, order, demand, proposal(提议), requirement, suggestion等名词的表语从句、同位语从句中,谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可省略。如: ‎ It’s his suggestion made yesterday that we delay buying a flat.‎ ‎3‎ ‎. 在下列动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可省略。这类动词有:insist(坚持), urge(催促), order(命令),command(命令), request(请求,要求), demand(要求),require(要求,需要),suggest(建议),advise(建议),propose(建议) , recommend(建议, 推荐) 等。如:‎ ‎1.The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight.‎ ‎2.He insisted that we (should ) tell him the news.‎ ‎4. 用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时，或would, could, might+现在完成时。例：‎ I wish (that可省略，下同)I hadn't wasted so much time.我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(事实上已浪费了)‎ He wishes he hadn't lost the chance.他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去)‎ We wished he had spoken to us.(wished，had + spoken)(事实上他并没同我们讲)‎ I wish you had called earlier.(wish, had + called)(事实上已迟了).‎ ‎【考点例析】‎ ‎1. As many five courses are provided, and you are free to choose ______ suits you best. 【2012陕西卷】‎ ‎ A whatever B. whichever C. whenever D. wherever ‎1.B 考查名词性从句。句意：由于提供了五个课程，因此你可以自由选择最适合你的那一个。‎ 所填词引导的从句做动词choose的宾语，引导词在从句中做主语，故正确答案为B。‎ ‎2. Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt ______ he could have expressed it differently. 【2012北京卷】‎ A. why B. how C. that D. whether ‎2 C‎。本题考查名词性从句。宾语从句不缺少成分用that引导。故正确答案为C。‎ ‎3．It suddenly occurred to him ____he had left his keys in the office. 【2012江西卷】‎ ‎ A．whether B．where C．which D．that ‎3.D　　考点：考察名词性从句当中的主语从句。it作形式主语，真正的主语为that he had left his keys in the office。且that在句中无意义，并不充当任何成分。故正确答案为D。‎ ‎4. Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesn't matter ____ you have lived there for a short or a long time. [2012湖南高考真题]‎ A. why B. how C. whether D. when ‎ ‎4.C 本题考查名词性从句引导的用法。根据空后的or可知为whether … or短语。故正确答案为C。 ‎ ‎5. Evidence has been found through years of study______ children’s early sleeping problem likely to continue when they grow up. 【2012重庆卷】‎ A. why B. how C. whether D. that ‎5. D考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空白处后面为句子主语“Evidence”的同位语从句，在这一从句中，句意完整，不缺少成分，应该使用“that”作为引导词。因此，正确答案为D选项。 ‎ ‎5.The limits of a person’s intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but_____he reaches these limits will depend on his environment. 【2012安徽卷】‎ ‎ A. where B. whether C. that D. why ‎ ‎5.B 考查名词性从句。首先把插入语generally speaking删掉， but whether he reaches these limits作为句子主语，也就是说本题应为whether引导的主语从句，故正确答案为B。‎ ‎6. It is by no means clear _____the president can do to end the strike ‎. 【2012全国新课程】‎ A. how B. which C. that D. what ‎6. D 本题考查主语从句。句意：总统采取什么行动结束这次罢工一点也不清楚。此处it是形式主语，what引导的是主语从句，作真正的主语。What作do的宾语。故空格处应使用兼语词what, 故正确答案D。‎ ‎7. It doesn’t matter ________ you pay by cash or credit card in this store. 【2012山东卷】‎ A. how B. whether C. what D. why ‎ ‎7 B 本题考查主语从句。句意：在这个商店中用现金或信用卡支付都可以。此处it是形式主语，后面whether...or…引导的主语从句是真正的主语，whether...or…意为：是…还是…都行。‎ ‎8. We promise _____attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star. 【2012福建卷】‎ A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever ‎8.C 本题考查名词性从句。首先本句考查的关键短语是promise sb sth“向某人承诺某事“本句指的是向参加聚会的人提供一个和电影明星合影的机会，不定式做chance的定语，然后就是参加聚会的任何人whoever=anyone who，故正确答案为C。 ‎ ‎9.It doesn’t matter _________you turn right or left at the crossing ‎ ---both roads lead to the park. (2012天津卷)‎ A. whether B. how C. if D. when ‎9.A考查名词性从句。句意：在十字路口，你是向右拐还是向左拐都没有关系——两条路都到公园。‎ whether引导主语从句。it做形式主语。因为从句的部分是选择性的一般疑问句，所以选择whether。‎ ‎10.—We've only got this small bookcase. Will that do?‎ ‎ —No, ____ I am looking for is something much bigger and stronger.【2012上海卷】‎ ‎ A. who B. that C. what D. which ‎10.C考查名词性从句。句意：—我们只是弄到了这只小的书架，行吗？—不行。我所要找的是比它更大更坚实的书架。既要引导主语从句又要在主语从句中作宾语，只有what具备这样的双重功能。故正确答案为C ‎【方法技巧】‎ 我个人认为在师生备考复习的过程中应该：‎ ‎1．从结构和句意两方面分析定语从句和名词性从句，尤其是定语从句和同位语从句的区别。‎ ‎2．从结构入手，分析名词性从句和状语从句之间的关系及区别。‎ ‎3．加强名词性从句引导词各自意义，用法，特点的辨析。‎ ‎4．加强长、难句的分析和理解练习。‎ 总之，在名词性从句的测试中首先应该把握住名词性从句的定义：相当于一个名词的句子；其次应该记住名词性从句的引导词：that、what、whether、if、who、whom、whoever、which、whichever、whose、when、where、how、why等等；再就是应该弄明白连接词之间的区别和各自的功能，比如：that和what 、whether和if等等；最关键的应该学会分析句子结构，从句子结构来找到解决问题的突破口：即问题的题眼。‎ ‎【专题训练】‎ ‎1.Your skirt is really splendid, but ______we actually need is not a skirt but a new pair of shoes.‎ A. that B. what C. whether D. how.‎ ‎2. ______made me more surprised was ______the pickpocket asked my friend to lend him some money and he agreed.‎ ‎ A. What ;that B. That; that C. What; whether D. It; that ‎3. What do you think of this suggestion that we ______lunch at the new restaurant?‎ ‎ A. will have B. are going to have C. would have ‎ ‎ C. have ‎4. I don’t know the reason ______you were absent from the meeting, but I’m sure that someone will tell me the reason ______you haven’t told me.‎ ‎ A. why; that B. that; why C. because; which D. of which; that ‎5. ______made his mother surprised was ______Tom Smith should have been fooled by such a simple trick.‎ ‎ A. What; that B. What; because C. That; what D. That; because ‎6. According to Bill Gates, the idea ______we can play video games and receive E-mails without sitting at a keyboard will come true. However, it is unclear ______it will be on sale and ______it will cost.‎ ‎ A. which; that; what B. /; whether; how much C. that; when; what D. that; that; how much ‎7. The doctors are trying their best to reduce the people’s fear ______they would be infected by the present disease called SARS.‎ ‎ A. whether B. which C. when D. that ‎8. Word has come ______in some western countries, demand for graduates from MBA courses has fallen down.‎ ‎ A. that B. while C. when D. as ‎9. Though Frances congratulates herself on her success she sometimes wonders ______will happen to her private life.‎ ‎ A. it B. what C. which D. that.‎ ‎10. I think Mother would like to know ______I’ve been up to so far, so I decide to send her a quick not.‎ ‎ A. which B. why C. what D. how ‎11. Pointing to the house on________roof grew lots of bush，the old man told me that was________I would stay.‎ A．its；what B．whose；what C．whose；where D．its；where ‎12．The news________ is spreading around this area is________ a heavy storm is coming.‎ A. what；/ B. that；that C. /；that D. that；which ‎13. After more than ten years’ study, they realized________they thought was the whole family’s dream________ he had been working for.‎ A. where; which B. that; that C. which; where D. what; that ‎14． A normal young child gains great pleasure when________ he(she)‎ ‎ does pleases his(her) mother.‎ A. that B. if C. as D. what ‎15． ________made many contestants angry is________was called the fair play turned out to be unfair at all.‎ A. What; that what B. What; what C. It; that D. It; what that ‎16. He told me the news, believe it or not，________he had earned $1 ‎000 in a single day.‎ A. that B. which C. as D. because ‎17. They lost their way in the forest, and________made matters worse was that night began to fall.‎ A. it B. which C. that D. what ‎18. Patience is a kind of quality and that is________it takes to do anything well.‎ A. what B. which C. which D. how ‎19. It has come to my notice________some of you have missed classes.‎ A. what B. which C. that D. when ‎20. “What were you trying to prove to the police？” “ ________I was last night.”‎ ‎ A. That B. When C. Where D. What ‎【参考答案】‎ ‎1-5.B.A DA A 6‎-10 C DAB C 11-15 CBDDA 16-20 ADACC ‎