河南许昌县 2017 高考英语阅读理解一轮基础训练（五）

河南许昌县 2017 高考英语阅读理解一轮基础训练（五）

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 河南许昌县 2017 高考英语阅读理解一轮基础训练（五） 【科普知识型---阅读理解】 The forces that make Japan one of the world's most earthquakeprone(有地震倾向的) countries could become part of its longterm energy solution. Water from deep below the ground at Japan's tens of thousands of hot springs could be used to produce electricity. Although Japanese hightech companies are leaders in geothermal(地热的) technology and export it, its use is limited in the nation. “Japan should no doubt make use of its resources of geothermal energy，” said Yoshiyasu Takefuji, a leading researcher of thermalelectric power production. The disastrous earthquake and tsunami on March 11, 2011 caused a reaction against atomic power, which previously made up 30 percent of Japan's energy needs, and increased interest in alternative energies, which account for only 8 percent. Artist Yoko Ono has called on Japan to explore its natural energy, following the example of Iceland which uses renewable energy for more than 80 percent of its needs. For now, geothermal energy makes up less than 1 percent of the energy needs in Japan, which has for decades relied heavily on fossil fuels and atomic power. The biggest problem to geothermal energy is the high initial cost of the exploration and constructing the factories.Another problem is that Japan's potentially best sites are already being developed for tourism or are located within national parks where construction is forbidden. “We can't even dig 10cm inside national parks，” said Shigeto Yamada of Fuji Electric, adding that regulations protecting nature would need to be relaxed for geothermal energy to grow. Researcher Hideaki Matsui said, “Producing electricity by using hot springs is a decadeslong project.We also have to think about what to do for now as energy supplies will decline in the short term.” The Earth Policy Institute in Washington, the US, believed Japan could produce 80，000 megawatts(兆 瓦)and meet more than half its electricity needs with geothermal technology. Japanese giants such as Toshiba are already global leaders in geothermal technology, with a 70 percent market share.In 2010, Fuji Electric built the world's largest geothermal factory in New Zealand. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 1．What would be the best title for the text? A．Alternative energies in Japan B．The world's largest geothermal plant C．Japan takes the lead in geothermal technology D．Japan thinks of geothermal energy 2．What percentage of Japan's energy needs is geothermal energy? A．About 8%. B．Below 1%. C．Around 30%. D．Over 80%. 3．According to Shigeto Yamada, the growth of geothermal power in Japan needs ________． A．a change of rules B．financial support C．local people's help D．high technology 4．Geothermal energy is considered as a longterm program by ________． A．Yoshiyasu Takefuji B．Hideaki Matsui C．Shigeto Yamada D．Yoko Ono 5．It can be learned from the last two paragraphs that ________． A．the world's biggest geothermal plant was built by America B．Japan will not export its geothermal technology C．the potential of Japan's geothermal energy is great D．it is hard to find geothermal energy in Japan 【要点综述】文章主要讲述了日本正在考虑开发地热能。因为日本是地震多发国家，国家地热能非常丰富， 所以地热能将是日本的新型替代能源。 1．D 主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了日本正在考虑开发地热能，围绕地热能的话题展开。故选 D 项。 2．B 细节理解题。从第七段“For now，geothermal energy makes up less than 1 percent of the energy needs in Japan，which has for decades relied heavily on fossil fuels and atomic power.”可知， 日本地热能不到 1%，主要依赖于化石燃料和原子能。故选 B 项。 3．A 细节理解题。从倒数第四段“…adding that regulations protecting nature would need to be relaxed for geothermal energy to grow.”可知，要开发地热能需要将现行的规章制度进行改变，故选 A项。 4．B 细节理解题。从“Researcher Hideaki Matsui said，‘Producing electricity by using hot springs is a decadeslong project…”可知，Hideaki Matsui 认为地热能是个长期的项目，故选 B 项。 5．C 推理判断题。从最后两段可知，日本在地热能方面有着巨大的潜力，故选 C 项。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 2016 高考训练题。阅读理解。 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出最佳选项。 Music lessons in early childhood bring about changes in the brain that could improve its performance far into adulthood, researchers say. Brain scans of young adults showed those who had formal musical training befo re seven had thicker brain areas dealing with hearing and self-awareness .The findings note how brain development can be influenced by the age when children start to learn a musical instrument , and how those changes can continue into late r life. "Early musical training benefits kids more than just making them enjoy m usic. It changes the brain, which could bring about cognitive advances as well," said Yunxin Wang of Beijing Normal University. “Our results suggest it’s better to start musical training before seven, which agrees with what most piano teachers recommend,” she added. She hoped the results might help parents decide when was the best for their children to learn an instrument. The brain’s cortex(皮层) plays a leading role in one’s abilities, from thought and language to memory and attention. The area matures rapidly in the early years of life, and its development could be affected more if a person starts musical training before it fully matures. Wang studied 48 Chinese students aged between 19 and 21 who had received formal music training for at least a year sometime between the ages of 3 and 15. Each had a scan to measure the thickness of the brain’s cortex. After considering sex and the number of years spent having music lessons, Wang found that musical training that started before seven appeared to thicken areas of the brain involved in language skills and executive function, which is a person’s ability to plan and accomplish tasks. “We’re not sure why these changes occur, but a reasonable explanation is that early starters might depend more on hearing clues(线索) when learning music, since it might be more difficult for younger children to read music,” Wang said. 1. According to the researchers, musical training before the age of seven can _______________. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 A. contribute to future work. B. create a successful life C. develop all-round abilities D. deal with puzzling problem 2. When conducting the research with the students, Wang __________. A. tested their language abilities B. watched their musical performances C. focused on school behavior and achievements D. measured the thickness of the brain’s cortex 3. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _____________. A. it must be hard for kids to read music B. kids are more likely to learn music by hearing C. Wang’s explanation has been the most reasonable D. Wang will research into the reasons for the brain change 4. For what purpose does the author write the text? A. To describe the development of brain. B. To challenge the previous discoveries. C. To present the findings of the research. D. To give advice on how to learn music. 参考答案 1—4、ADBC 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D)中，选出最佳选项。 【2013 界广东省深圳市一模】 The organization representing British universities has expressed concern about the potential effect of tuition fees（学费）after figures showed a drop of more than 6% in student applications with less than a month to go before the deadline for 2013 applications. Data from the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (Ucas) showed there were 265,784 university applications by UK-based candiates up to 17 Decemeber, 6.3% down on the parallel period in the admissions cycle the year before. While this is less than the 8.4% year-on-uear fall seen in earlier Ucas figures, released in mid-November, the coming January deadline makes it ever more likely that the total 2013 applicant figure will see a second sizeable fall following the introduction of annual fees of up to ￡9,000. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 Nicola Dandridge, the chairman of Universities UK, said : “However, we must be concerned about any drops in the numbers applying to university and in particular, we must look closely at how the increase in graduate contributions in England may be affecting the decisions of promising students. However ,the December figures show a drop in numbers across the UK, suggesting that it is not only a question of tuition fees in England putting off from applying.” A report of the Uncas figures to mid-December shows a 6.5% fall for applicants in England and 11.7% for those in Wales, with smaller drops of 3.9% for Scotland and 0.5% for Nortern Ireland. Scotiish students at home insitiutions pay on fees, while those from Nothern Ireland have fees capped to ￡3,575 for Northern Irish universities. Dandridge added: “No one should be put off applying to university because of worries about finance.” “It is important that no one is put off applying to university because they do not have information about the student support available to them. Most new students don’t need to pay directly. There will be more financial support for those from poorer families and everyone will make lower loan repayments thatn they do now once they are in well paid jobs.” 文章大意：是一篇时文。报道了英国一个大学机构对 2013 以及近年来英国学生上大学申请人数逐年下降， 并分析了下降的主要原因，同时也建议，学生应该上大学，并且可以寻求金融资助。 36．A drop of more than 6% for 2013 applications is probably the effect of . A．the increased tuition fees B．the approaching deadline C．the concern from applicants D．the difficulties with applications 【答案】A 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段前两行 The organization representing British universities has expressed concern about the potential effect of tuition fees（学费）说明主要是受学费上涨的影 响，故 A 正确。 37．Compared with the previous year, the fall in student applications is . A．3.9% B．6% C．6.3% D．8.4% 【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段前三行 Data from the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (Ucas) showed there were 265,784 university applications by UK-based candidates up to 17 December, 6.3% down on the parallel period in the admissions cycle the year before.说明下降的数据是 6.3%， 说明 C项正确。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 38．Why is the fall for application the smallest in Soctoland and Northem lreland? A．Because they have more financial support. B．Because the tuition is much cheaper for them. C．Because the education is better there. D．Because the universities are free for them. 【答案】B 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段 A report of the Uncas figures to mid-December shows a 6.5% fall for applicants in England and 11.7% for those in Wales, with smaller drops of 3.9% for Scotland and 0.5% for Northern Ireland. Scottish students at home institutions pay on fees, while those from Northern Ireland have fees capped to ￡3,575 for Northern Irish universities.中的 have fees capped to ￡3,575 for Northern Irish universities.以及第三段中的 the total 2013 applicant figure will see a second sizeable fall following the introduction of annual fees of up to ￡9,000.说 明这两个地方的学费比英格兰要低了很多，这是主要的原因。故 B正确。 39．Which of the following is true? A．The application for universities is on a rise continuously. B．The fall for applications is due to family problems. C．The education in Scotland and Northern Ireland is worse. D．The rise of tuition fees has an effect on applications. 【答案】D 【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章主题段第一段说明学费的上升是导致学生大学申请减少的主要原因。故 D 项正确。 40．The last paragraph tells us that . A．everyone should apply to university B．students may get financial supports C．lower loan repayments is unavailable D．most new students will not pay fees 【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后三行 There will be more financial support for those from poorer families and everyone will make lower loan repayments than they do now once they are in well paid jobs.”说明这些贫穷的学生可以获得经济支持而完成他们的学业。故 B 正确。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D)中，选出最佳选项。 【2013 界广东省深圳市一模】 All parents know that one of their most important tasks is to prepare their children for an independent life, but any parent can tell you that it’s hard to let go of your children. That balance between keeping your children safe and allowing them to learn from their own mistakes can be heartbreaking. Years of experience means that parents often do know best, but on the other hand, the young, being less bound by tradition, are often more creative, more able to find new solutions to old problems. Revolutions are led by the young. Good teachers make the growth of critical (批判性的) thinking easier in their students, only to find that this can lead to a questioning of the teachers’ basic beliefs. Schools encourage parents to become involved, but are often embarrassed when parents have reservations about some of the educational methods being used. Governments encourage unimportant groups to empower themselves in order to participate fully in the development process. And they are often surprised when the new leaders of these groups turn around and attack the policies of that same government. The rebellions (叛逆的)young and the newly unimportant groups are important in social development. They are not necessarily representatives of those they want to represent or not realistic in their demands, but their voices must be heard. Good parents know that just forbidding particular behaviors does not prevent their children from finding ways to engage in these forbidden activities. Indeed, sometimes the forbidden fruit is more inviting, just because it is not accepted by authority. Parents must work with their children to educate them on the facts, know as much as possible about he lives of their children, provide a good example, encourage more wholesome activities but also support their children when they don’t follow what is expected of them. But the most important point is that they also need to learn how to let go. 文章大意：这是一篇议论文。培养孩子是每个家长的职责，过度的关爱和限制不利于下一代成长，因此家 长要学会放手。 41．By saying “Revolutions are led by the young”, the author indicates that young people are more . A．conventional B．realistic C．creative D．heartbreaking 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 8 【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中 the young, being less bound by tradition, are often more creative, more able to find new solutions to old problems 意义可知正确答案为 C。 42．From the second paragraph we know . A．teachers’ basic beliefs should be questioned by students B．schools encourage parents to question their education methods C．movement is satisfied with the new leaders’ attack on the policies D．the voice of the rebellious young should be heard by the government 【答案】D 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句 They are not necessarily representatives ... but their voices must be heard 可推断出政府应该听听叛逆的年轻人的声音。 43．In nrder to educate children well, parents should . A．forbid particular behaviors in their daily life B．know them well and set a good example to them C．educate them with facts and expect much of them D．know as much as possible as their children 【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段内容 parents must work with their children... know as much as possible about ..., provide a good example 可知正确答案为 B。 44．From the passage we can learn that the author prefers . A．free parenting B．traditional parenting C．critical parenting D．smart parenting 【答案】D 【解析】推理判断题。理解文章主旨可知作者提倡睿智的教养孩子。故选 D。 45．What is the best title of the passage? A．Letting Go – for Children’s Independent Life B．Parents’ Tasks – in Children’s Development C．Way of Growth – for the Young Groups D．Teaching Methods – for Teachers and Schools 【答案】A 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 9 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一句...that it’s hard to let go of your children.和最后一句 But the most important point is that they also need to learn how to let go 可知 A 答案吻合。故选 A。