2020届一轮复习外研版必修4Module4GreatScientists单元学案（24页）

2020届一轮复习外研版必修4Module4GreatScientists单元学案（24页）

‎(一)课前自主学习 Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意 ‎1．biochemistry n．　　　　　　　 生物化学 ‎2．botany n. 植物学 ‎3．genetics n. 遗传学 ‎4．zoology n. 动物学 ‎5．nickname n. 绰号 ‎6．breeding n. 培育 ‎7．species n．[纵联1] (动物或植物的)种 ‎8．yield n. 产量 ‎9．hybrid n. 杂交种 ‎10．bestseller n. 畅销书(或唱片等)‎ ‎11．relativity n. 相对论 ‎12．rocket n. 火箭 ‎13．millennium n. 千年 ‎14．gunpowder n. 火药 ‎15．arrow n. (弓)箭 Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形 ‎1．leading adj. 主要的 ‎2．figure n. 人物 ‎3．publish vt. 出版 ‎4．breakthrough n．[纵联2] 突破 ‎5．support vt. 支持 ‎6．convert vt. 改变；转换 ‎7．replace vt. 取代；以……代替 ‎8．victim n. 受害者 ‎9．partly adv. 部分地；在一定程度上 ‎10．escape vi. 逃跑；逃避；逃脱 ‎11．clear vi. (烟雾)消散 ‎12．quantity n．[纵联3] 数量 ‎13．quality n. 质量 ‎14．staple adj. 主要的；重要的 ‎15．brilliant adj. 聪颖的；才华横溢的 ‎16．biology n. 生物学 Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变 ‎1．producer n．生产者→produce vt.生产→production n．生产；产量→product n．产品 ‎2．educate vt.教育→education n．教育→educator n．教育工作者→educated adj.受过教育的→educational adj.教育的 ‎3．agriculture n．农业→agricultural adj.农业的 ‎4．original adj.原来的；最初的→origin n．起源→originate vi.起源 ‎5．export vt.出口→(反义词) import vt.进口[纵联4]‎ ‎6．brief adj.简短的；简洁的→briefly adv.简短地；简洁地 ‎7．graduate vi.毕业 n．毕业生→graduation n．毕业 ‎8．personal adj.个人的→personally adv.就个人而言→personality n．个性；性格 ‎9．explode vi.爆炸→explosion n．爆炸；爆炸声 纵联1.以s结尾的单复数同形名词 ‎①species(动物或植物的)种　 ②series系列 ‎③means方法 ④crossroads十字路口 ‎⑤remains剩余物 ⑥works工厂 ‎⑦arms武器 ⑧papers论文 纵联2.“v.＋adv.”合成名词大观园 ‎①breakthrough突破 ②breakdown故障；破损 ‎③breakup破裂；瓦解 ④takeaway外卖食物 ‎⑤warmup热身运动 ⑥gettogether联欢会；聚会 纵联3.“数量”有很多 ‎①quantity数量 ②amount数量 ‎③number数量 ④mass大量 ‎⑤plenty大量 ⑥abundance大量 纵联4.“经济生活”常用到 ‎①export出口 ②import进口 ‎③invest投资 ④bid出价；投标 ‎⑤distribute分配；分布 ⑥discount打折 单元话题——伟大的科学家 子话题1　各类科学家 ‎　①physicist n．物理学家 ②astronomer n．天文学家 ‎③chemist n．化学家；药剂师 ④technologist n．技术专家 ‎⑤mathematician n．数学家 ⑥biologist n．生物学家 ‎⑦inventor n．发明家 ⑧geographer n．地理学家 ‎⑨zoologist n．动物学家 ⑩botanist n．植物学家 子话题2　工作职责与资格 ‎　①certificate n．证明；证(明)书 ②qualification n．资格；学历 ‎③qualify vt.&vi.(使)具有资格 ④invent vt.发明；创造 ‎⑤qualified adj.有资格的 ⑥responsibility n．责任；负责 ‎⑦undertake vt.承担；从事；负责 ⑧charge vt.负责；主管 ‎[学考对接·活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用 ‎1．(2018·江苏高考阅读C) If you want to disturb the car industry, you'd better have a few billion dollars: Momandpop carmakers are unlikely to beat the biggest car companies.But in agriculture❶， small farmers can get the best of the major❷ players.By connecting directly with customers, and by responding quickly to changes in the markets as well as in the ecosystems (生态系统), small farmers can keep one step ahead of the big guys.As the cofounder of the National Young Farmers Coalition (NYFC，美国青年农会) and a family farmer myself, I have a frontrow seat to the innovations among small farmers that are transforming❸ the industry.‎ ‎①写出agriculture的形容词形式：agricultural。相对应的词industry意为“工业，制造业”‎ ‎②写出major在本单元中的近义词：leading/staple。major的名词形式为majority，意为“大多数；大半”‎ ‎③写出transforming在本单元中的近义词：converting ‎2．(2017·江苏高考阅读B) This 　❶　 (educate) method was first observed in 2012 by Sonia Kleindorfer, a biologist❷ at Flinders University in South Australia, and her colleagues.Female Australian superb❸ fairy wrens were found to repeat one sound over and over again while hatching their eggs.‎ ‎①用educate的正确形式填空：educational ‎②写出biologist在本单元中的同根名词：biology ‎③写出superb在本单元中的近义词：brilliant。其近义词还有wonderful, excellent, great等 高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用 ‎(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)‎ ‎1．(2017·北京高考书面表达)几天后，当这段视频在毕业典礼上播放时，它得到了很好的反响。(graduation)‎ Several_days_later,_when_the_video_was_played_on_the_graduation_ceremony,_it_was_well_received.‎ ‎2．(2016·北京高考书面表达)关于我在中国历史上最喜欢的人物，一定是晚清伟大的思想家魏源。(figure)‎ As_for_my_favorite_figure_in_Chinese_history,_it_must_be_Wei_Yuan,_a_great_thinker_in_the_late_Qing_Dynasty.‎ ‎3．(2016·江苏高考书面表达)这与普通的投票活动没有任何区别，在这些活动中，候选人四处寻找支持。(support)‎ It_makes_no_difference_from_ordinary_voting_events,_in_which_candidates_go_around_to_seek_supports.‎ ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎1．support vt.& n．支持；拥护；支撑；供养 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)support sb.in sth.　　　　　　 在某方面支持某人 support a (one's) family/oneself 养家糊口/自力更生 ‎(2)come to one's support 来支持某人 with one's support 在某人的支持下 in support of 支持；拥护 offer support to sb. 给某人提供支持 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①My parents always support me in what I want to do.‎ ‎②With the support of the government, many patients in poor areas can afford to go to hospital.‎ ‎③Our government offers support to the graduates who plan to run their own businesses.‎ ‎④Several members spoke in support of the volunteers at the meeting yesterday.‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑤(2017·天津高考书面表达)在您的支持下，我成功地成为第13届全国运动会的志愿者。‎ With_your_support,_I_have_successfully_got_admitted_as_a_volunteer_for_the_13th_National_Games.‎ ‎2．quantity n．数量；大量 ‎[记牢]‎ a large (good)/small quantity of　 大/少量的 large quantities of 大量的；许多的 in quantity 大量地 in quantity and quality 在数量和质量上 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①A large quantity of money has_been_collected (collect) to help those suffering from the floods.‎ ‎②Quantities of food and tents were (be) sent to earthquakestricken areas from Shandong yesterday.‎ ‎③We can offer you a better price if you can buy it in quantity.‎ ‎[用准]　a quantity of, large quantities of既可接不可数名词，也可接可数名词的复数形式，但当它作主语或其修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词一般根据quantity的单复数形式而定。‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎④(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)首先，最令人期待的活动是一年一度的乒乓球比赛，会有大量有天赋的球员参与。‎ To begin with, the most expected activity is the annual table tennis competition that_involves_a_large_quantity_of_talented_players.‎ ‎3．escape v．& n．逃跑，逃脱；避开；(气体、液体等)漏出；被遗忘 ‎[辨清]　写出下列句中escape的含义 ‎①Without thinking he started to run and luckily escaped the cat's paw.逃脱 ‎②Seeing the poisonous gas escaping from the broken pipe, he sounded the alarm.漏出 ‎③The two officers were extremely lucky to escape serious injury.避开 ‎④Bob looked back only to find an old classmate whose name escaped him for the moment.被遗忘 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)escape (doing) sth.　　 逃脱(做)某事 escape from/out of ... 从……逃跑/逃走 escape sb./one's attention/notice ‎ 被某人遗忘/逃过某人的注意 ‎(2)narrowly escape＝a narrow escape ‎ 死里逃生；幸免于难 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎⑤To their relief, their students narrowly escaped from the shaking building.‎ ‎⑥That was a narrow escape all right when our car turned over!‎ ‎⑦He escaped being_killed (kill) in the blast because he had not gone to work.‎ ‎[用准]　(1)escape本身即为“离开”的意思，后面不需加away或off等。(2)escape意为“被……遗忘；没有被……注意到”时，用sth.escape sb.结构表示，而不是用sb.escape sth.结构。‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎⑧非常幸运，他设法从快速上升的洪水中逃脱。‎ With the greatest of luck he_managed_to_escape_from the rising flood waters.‎ ‎4．clear vi.(烟雾)消散；变清澈；(天)变晴vt.使清澈；使清楚；消除；扫清adj.清澈的；晴朗的；清晰的；畅通的 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)clear away　　　　　 清除；驱散；拿走；收拾 clear up (天)放晴；消散；整理；清理；消除(误会)‎ clear one's throat (说话前)清嗓子 ‎(2) 阐明；明确表示 It is clear that ... 显然……‎ ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①It was a fine day once the mist had cleared up.‎ ‎②It really seemed ages before the police came on the scene and cleared away the damaged cars.‎ ‎③Susan made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎④显然，手机在青少年中变得流行并且改变了他们的生活方式。‎ It_is_clear_that_mobile_phones_have_become_popular_among_teenagers_and_changed_their_way_of_life.‎ ‎[词汇过关综合训练]　‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．Just as I was wondering what to do next, I saw a familiar figure (人物) passing by our classroom.‎ ‎2．The city council is taking steps to replace (取代) its street cars with buses.‎ ‎3．Surgeons have made a great breakthrough (突破) in the kidney transplant.‎ ‎4．He published (出版) his first novel when he was eighteen years old.‎ ‎5．Every year, India exports (出口) a lot of tea and cotton to many different countries.‎ ‎6．Most of the flood victims (受害者) had to leave all their things behind.‎ ‎7．We have to deal with the emotional and physical (身体的)‎ ‎ problems that go along with obesity.‎ ‎8．He let out a long sigh, mainly of relief, partly (部分地) of sadness.‎ ‎9．Tell the story briefly (简短地) and then explain why you do or do not enjoy it.‎ ‎10．Local people have given us a lot of support (支持) in our campaign.‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1．After my graduation (graduate), Dad's business was getting back on track.‎ ‎2．The murderer tried to escape being_caught (catch) by the police but in vain.‎ ‎3．It is said that he was forced to resign as Transport Minister because of the underground explosion (explode)．‎ ‎4．They have converted the spare room into a study, where children can read or do their homework.‎ ‎5．Most people hold the belief that education (educate) can change one's fate.‎ ‎6．The US wants big cuts in European agricultural (agriculture) export subsidies, but this is meeting resistance.‎ ‎7．This is a copy of the famous picture, and the original (origin) work is now in the British Museum.‎ ‎8．All the leading (lead) newspapers reported the trade talks between China and the United States.‎ ‎9．It's said that increased oil production (produce) can account for the drop in oil prices.‎ ‎10．These measures are strongly supported (support) by environmental groups.‎ Ⅲ.单句改错 ‎1．Personal, I strongly subscribe to this practice for two reasons.Personal→Personally ‎2．His first book published last year and it turned out to be a bestseller.published前加was ‎3．Large quantities of goods has been sold out since they brought down the price.has→have ‎4．On brief, practice is far more important than book knowledge.On→In ‎5．His confident words have cleared out our doubts about how the plan will be carried out.第一个out→up Ⅳ.根据提示补全句子 ‎1．像北京这样的城市遭受着严重的雾霾，雨水可以帮助清除空气污染。(clear)‎ Cities like Beijing suffer from terrible smog, and rain can help clear_away_air_pollution.‎ ‎2．本学期你的工作在数量和质量上都有所提高。(quality, quantity)‎ Your work has improved in_quantity_and_quality this term.‎ ‎3．一些专家表示支持酒后驾车的禁令。(support)‎ Some experts have spoken in_support_of the ban of drunk driving.‎ ‎4．你很幸运的逃脱了惩罚。(escape)‎ You are lucky to escape_being_punished.‎ ‎5．他决心在事业上取得突破，在公司里夜以继日地工作。(breakthrough)‎ Determined to make_a_breakthrough in his career, he works day and night in the company.‎ ‎(一)课前自主学习 ‎1．bring_up　　　　　　　　　　 培养；养育 ‎2．the_key_to_(doing)_sth. [串记1] (做)某事的关键 ‎3．experiment_with 对……进行实验 ‎4．bring_in 引进 ‎5．carry_out [串记2] 实施；履行；完成(任务)‎ ‎6．as_a_result_of 由于……的结果 ‎7．be_known_for [串记3] 因……而出名/闻名 ‎8．be_diagnosed_with 被诊断患有(……疾病)‎ ‎9．earn_one's_living 谋生 ‎10．come_to_power 掌权 ‎[同根短语串记]‎ 串记1.由the key to想到的 ‎①the key to……的关键 ②the access to……的通道 ‎③the answer to……的答案 ④the notes to……的注释 ‎⑤the entrance to……的入口 ⑥the approach to……的方法 串记2.carry相关短语多棱镜 ‎①carry out 实施；履行；完成(任务)‎ ‎②carry on 继续；开展；维持 ‎③carry through 贯彻到底；成功完成 ‎④carry away 拿走；带走；运走 ‎⑤carry back 带回；使回想起 串记3.“be known＋prep.”短语小结 ‎①be known for 因……而闻名 ‎②be known as 作为……而出名 ‎③be known to 为……熟知 ‎④be known by 被……所知 ‎1．a leading figure　　　　　　　 一位杰出人士 ‎2．give sb.a nickname 给某人起绰号 ‎3．make a breakthrough 取得突破 ‎4．different types of 不同类型的……‎ ‎5．from all over China 来自中国各地 ‎6．jump out of 从……中跳出来 ‎7．in the field of science 在科学领域 ‎8．the voice of science 科学的代言人 ‎9．physical disability 身体残疾 ‎10．in space 在太空中 ‎11．in a straight direction 以笔直的方向 ‎12．theory of relativity 相对论 ‎1．In Stephen Hawking's case it_was_discovered_that he was a brilliant scientist.‎ 就史蒂芬·霍金的情况来说，人们发现他是一个卓越的科学家。‎ ‎2．The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep_the_rocket_moving in a straight direction.‎ 这些管子被绑在一根长木棍上，这根木棍能使火箭直线前进。‎ ‎3．Or was he carried miles into space, becoming_the_world's_first_astronaut?‎ 或者他被带到了太空中数英里的地方，成为世界上第一个宇航员？‎ ‎[学考对接·活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　完形中的短语(补全句子)‎ ‎1．(2018·江苏高考完形填空) To make matters worse, Moth was_diagnosed_with (被诊断患有) a serious disease.‎ ‎2．(2012·全国卷Ⅰ完形填空) Indeed, what is called body language is so much a part of us that it's actually often unnoticed.And misunderstandings occur as_a_result_of (由于……的结果) it.‎ 高考采撷(二)　写作中的短语和句式(补全句子)‎ ‎1．(2015·浙江高考书面表达)我选择的主要原因是在一种强调集体的文化中长大，我往往会为了集体的利益而牺牲个人的利益。‎ The main reason for my choice is that being brought_up in a culture emphasizing collectivism, I tend to sacrifice my own interest for the group benefit.‎ ‎2．(2014·江西高考书面表达)其次，你应当创造一个好的学习氛围，这能使你受益匪浅。实现这个的关键就是与他人和睦相处。‎ Secondly, you should create a good learning atmosphere, which can benefit you a lot.The_key_to_this is to get along well with others.‎ ‎3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)说到餐桌礼仪，请在用餐时保持低的、令人愉快的声音。(keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语)‎ Speaking of table manners, keep_your_voice_low_and_pleasant during the meal.‎ ‎4．(2014·四川高考书面表达)众所周知，中国的高考每年都从6月7日到8日举行。(It's＋过去分词＋that从句)‎ It's_widely_known_that the College Entrance Examination in China falls from June 7th to 8th each year.‎ ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎[短语集释]‎ ‎1．earn one's living谋生 ‎[记牢]‎ make a living＝earn one's living　 谋生 earn one's own living 自食其力 earn extra money/a fortune 挣取额外收入/大钱 earn sb.praise/a good reputation 为某人赢得赞扬/好名声 ‎[练通]　选用上述短语填空 ‎①I'm trying to persuade him to give up the attempt to earn_his_living/make_a_living by writing.‎ ‎②Since his parents died early, he had to earn_his_own_living when he was a teenager.‎ ‎③The company has earned_a_good_reputation for reliability.‎ ‎④Sometimes they may play to passersby in the street or subway so that they can earn_extra_money for themselves or to pay for their instruments.‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑤我曾经向我的父母承诺，我将在毕业后努力自食其力。‎ I_once_made_a_promise_to_my_parents_that_I_would_try_to_earn_my_own_living_after_graduation.‎ ‎2．come to/into power掌权；上台；执政 ‎[记牢]‎ in power　　　　　　　 当权；掌权 beyond one's power 不能胜任；超过了某人的能力 within/in one's power 有能力；力所能及 ‎[练通]　选用上述短语填空 ‎①Though he has been in_power for two years, he hasn't found an effective solution to the country's economic problems.‎ ‎②Not that I don't want to help you, but that it's beyond_my_power to do so.‎ ‎③When did the labour government come_into_power in the UK?‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎④我将尽我所能帮助你。‎ I_will_do_everything_in/within_my_power_to_help_you.‎ ‎[联想]　“come into＋名词”构成的短语还有：‎ ‎①come into being　　　　　　　 形成，产生 ‎②come into existence 开始存在，建立，产生 ‎③come into effect/force 生效 ‎④come into use 开始使用 ‎⑤come into sight/view 看见；进入视野 ‎⑥come into fashion 开始流行 ‎[句式集释]‎ keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语 ‎[教材原句]　The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep_the_rocket_moving in a straight direction.‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)The question kept_me_wondering for the rest of the night.‎ 这个问题让我在接下来的晚上一直在想。‎ ‎(2)It is necessary that we keep_the_young_generation_informed of the current affairs.‎ 我们有必要让年轻一代了解时事。‎ ‎(3)It can prevent us from getting shortsighted and it can keep_us_physically_healthy.‎ 它能够使我们预防近视，而且能使我们身体健康。‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ 用法归纳 ‎(1)keep＋n./pron.＋现在分词 ‎(2)keep＋n./pron.＋过去分词 ‎(3)keep＋n./pron.＋形容词/副词/名词/介词短语 注意事项 在“keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中，现在分词与宾语之间为主谓关系，过去分词与宾语之间为动宾关系。‎ ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)For another, spending too much time on entertainment will only keep us away from our studies.(要点句)‎ ‎(2)We should keep our classroom clean and tidy.(要点句)‎ ‎[词块、句式过关综合训练]　‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 bring in， carry out， earn one's living， the key to， be diagnosed with， as a result of， be known for， come to power ‎1．The 21st Century Chinese Training School is_known_for providing training for foreign learners of Chinese.‎ ‎2．As_a_result_of the big fire, thousands of people lost their homes.‎ ‎3．At thirteen, he was_diagnosed_with kind of attention disorder.‎ ‎4．Some uneducated and unskilled people earn_their_living by doing manual labor.‎ ‎5．New technology has been brought_in since China was open to the outside world.‎ ‎6．Scientific farming is the_key_to the further development of ‎ agriculture.‎ ‎7．The artists had little faith in the political leader who came_to_power after the war.‎ ‎8．A successful person always lays out plans carefully and lays aside all the other things to carry_out his plans.‎ Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子/句型转换 ‎1．据报道，在这次事故中没有乘客受伤。(It is＋过去分词＋that从句)‎ It_is_reported_that no passengers were injured in the accident.‎ ‎2．岛上的大多数人主要靠捕鱼谋生。(earn)‎ Most people on the island earn_their_living mainly by fishing.‎ ‎3．这完全超出了我的能力。我决定要放弃它。(power)‎ It is quite beyond_my_power.I'm determined to give it up.‎ ‎4．政府应该采取有效措施来保持交通的平稳运行。(keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语)‎ The government should take effective measures to keep_the_traffic_running smoothly.‎ ‎5．More highways have been built in China, which makes it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.(用分词短语作结果状语改写)‎ ‎→More highways have been built in China, making_it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.‎ Ⅲ.分步写作 假定你是李华， 请根据下列表格中的内容提示，为校报的英语园地写一篇英语短文， 介绍你最崇拜的一位中国科学家。‎ 姓名 梁建英 出生年份 ‎1972年 职务 中国高铁总设计师 主要经历 ‎(1)1995年大学毕业后开始从事高铁研究工作 ‎(2)研制出时速300～350千米高速动车组 ‎(3)2015年获奖 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ 参考词汇：高速动车组highspeed EMU 第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点 本文属于人物介绍类说明文，时态以一般过去时为主，人称为第三人称。文章应分两个层次：一是介绍梁建英(要点1)，二是表达看法(要点2)。在介绍梁建英时应依据题目所给的表格进行构思，先介绍梁建英的职务、出生年份，再介绍其主要经历；注意题目所给要点要齐全，不要有遗漏或省略；最后表达自己对人物的看法。‎ 要点1－①：梁建英是中国高铁总设计师。她出生于1972年。‎ Liang_Jianying_is_general_designer of_the_China_highspeed_EMU.She_was born_in_1972.‎ 要点1－②：梁建英1995年毕业。她一直致力于中国高速列车发展的研究。(devote ...to)‎ Liang_Jianying_graduated_in_1995.She_has_been_devoting_all_her_time_to_researching_into_the_development_of_the_China_highspeed_railway.‎ 要点1－③：她研制出时速300～350千米高速动车组。‎ She_invented_the_300～350km/h_highspeed_EMU.‎ 要点1－④：她在2015年获奖。(award)‎ She_was_awarded_in_2015.‎ 要点2：梁建英给我们树立了好榜样。从她身上，我意识到我们应该不断努力直至实现我们的梦想。‎ Liang_Jianying_has_set_a_good_example_to_us.From_her,_I_realize_that_we_should_keep_on_trying_until_we_realize_our_dreams.‎ 第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼 句式丰富多彩，要点齐全是高分的基础，因此需要对句式进行升级拓展，使文章表达更充实，内容更丰富。如要点1－①可合并升级为名词短语作同位语；要点 1－②升级为since引导的时间状语从句；1－③增添她研制出时速300～350千米高速动车组给人们出行带来便利，使用make复合结构；要点1－④拓展说明她对国家做出的杰出贡献以及她获奖后的表现。‎ 升级要点1－①：梁建英是中国高铁总设计师，出生于1972年。(合并升级为名词短语作同位语)‎ Liang_Jianying,_general_designer_of_the_China_highspeed_EMU,_was_born_in_1972.‎ 升级要点1－②：自从她1995年毕业，她一直致力于中国高速列车发展的研究。(合并升级为since引导的时间状语从句)‎ Since_she_graduated_in_1995,_she_has_been_devoting_all_her_time_to_researching_into_the_development_of_the_China_highspeed_railway.‎ 拓展要点1－③：她研制出时速300～350千米高速动车组， 使我们快速出行更加便利。(make it＋adj.＋for sb.to do sth.)‎ She_invented_the_300～350km/h_highspeed_EMU,_making_it_more_convenient_for_us_to_get_around_quickly.‎ 拓展要点1－④‎ ‎：正是因为她对我们国家做出的杰出贡献，中国在全世界的高铁领域占据着领先地位。她在2015年获奖。她从未骄傲过。(强调句型， play a leading role)‎ It_is_because_of_her_outstanding_contributions_to_our_country_that_China_is_playing_a_leading_role_in_highspeed_railways_all_over_the_world.She_was_awarded_in_2015.She_never_shows_any_signs_of_pride.‎ 第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡 本文可分为两段来写，第一段介绍梁建英，第二段表达自己的看法。结合要点，根据上下文之间的逻辑关系，可添加过渡性词汇afterwards, as a consequence, however 使文章衔接紧密，过渡自然。‎ Liang_Jianying,_general_designer_of_the_China_highspeed_EMU,_was_born_in_1972.Since_she_graduated_in_1995,_she_has_been_devoting_all_her_time_to_researching_into_the_development_of_the_China_highspeed_railway.Afterwards,_she_invented_the_300～350km/h_highspeed_EMU,_making_it_more_convenient_for_us_to_get_around_quickly.It_is_because_of_her_outstanding_contributions_to_our_country_that_China_is_playing_a_leading_role_in_highspeed_railways_all_over_the_world.As_a_consequence,_she_was_awarded_in_2015.However,_she_never_shows_any_signs_of_pride.‎ Liang_Jianying_has_set_a_good_example_to_us.From_her,_I_realize_that_we_should_keep_on_trying_until_we_realize_our_dreams.‎ 理清段落结构之(四)　呼应 所谓呼应是指在开头和结尾的内容上有极其密切的关系，是对同一情况做出解释、说明、交代的。呼应可以使文章浑然一体，更具有突出的作用。呼应之处一般是文章要重点强调的内容，也是文章主旨所在，利用这种呼应关系，可解阅读类题目中的主旨及前后照应型题目。‎ ‎[高考典例1]　2018·全国卷Ⅱ·D篇 文章开头用描述现象引出“small talk”的重要性 文章结尾以研究报告的结论再次强调了“small talk”的重要性 ‎[1]We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.‎ ‎[2]What’s the problem? It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.‎ ‎[3]Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease (润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. “Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk，” he explains. “The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.”‎ ‎[4]In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction (互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. “It’s not that talking to ‎ the waiter is better than talking to your husband，” says Dunn.“But interactions with peripheral (边缘的) members of our social network matter for our wellbeing also.”‎ ‎[5]Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk.“Small talk is the basis of good manners，” he says.‎ ‎[高考典例2]　2014·福建卷·完形填空 So it was with really great 40(satisfaction) that I stood in church one recent Sunday, video So it was with really great 40(satisfaction) that I stood in church one recent Sunday, video camera in hand, and 41(watched) my 68yearold father sweating in his shirt __42__ rising to play the piano in his very first recital.‎ ‎...‎ For a moment after my father sat down at the keyboard, he 47(simply) stared down at his fingers.‎ ‎42．A.through　　　　 　B．from C．against D．before ‎[分析]　首尾呼应。根据47题前面的“For a moment after my father sat down at the keyboard”可知，作者的父亲其实还没有开始演奏，所以他sweating in his shirt应是在rising to play the piano之前的表现，故选D。‎ ‎[高考典例3]　2014·北京卷·完形填空 ‎...She was really small for her age of 12. The boys in my class often 36(joked) about her and laughed their heads off. She would open a book, pretending to read, with tears dropping on the open page.‎ ‎...I looked down at this __38__ girl and promised myself that somehow I would help her.‎ ‎38．A.rich B．proud C．tiny D．popular ‎[分析]　首尾呼应。根据36空前面的句子“She was really small for her age of 12”可知，这个女孩很娇小，故选tiny。‎