2020届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit2Englisharoundtheworld单元学案（41页）

2020届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit2Englisharoundtheworld单元学案（41页）

‎2020届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit2English around the world单元学案 ‎(一)课前自主学习 ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意 ‎1．subway n．　　　　　　　 地下人行道；〈美〉地铁 ‎2．elevator n. 电梯；升降机 ‎3．petrol n. 〈英〉汽油(＝〈美〉gasoline)‎ ‎4．conquer vt. 征服；占领 ‎5．apartment n. 〈美〉公寓住宅；单元住宅 ‎6．enrich vt.　[纵联1] 使富裕；充实；改善 ‎7．identity n. 本身；本体；身份 ‎8．dialect n. 方言 ‎9．eastern adj.[纵联2] 东方的；东部的 ‎10．lightning n. 闪电 ‎11．usage n. 使用；用法；词语惯用法 ‎12．block n. 街区；块；木块；石块 Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形 ‎1．official adj.[纵联3] 官方的；正式的；公务的 ‎2．voyage n．　[纵联4] 航行；航海 ‎3．native adj. 本国的；本地的 n. 本地人；本国人 ‎4．base vt. 以……为根据 n. 基部；基地；基础 ‎5．spelling n. 拼写；拼法 ‎6．vocabulary n. 词汇；词汇量；词表 ‎7．command n．& vt. 命令；指令；掌握 ‎8．request n．&vt. 请求；要求 ‎9．straight adv. 直接；挺直 adj. 直的；笔直的；正直的 ‎10．accent n. 口音；腔调；重音 Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变 ‎1．actually adv.实际上；事实上→actual adj.真实的；实际的 ‎2．gradual adj.逐渐的；逐步的→gradually adv.逐渐地；逐步地 ‎3．latter adj.较后的；后半的；(两者中)后者的→latest adj.最新的；最近的→later adj.后期的；后者的→lately adv.近来；最近 ‎4．fluent adj.流利的；流畅的→fluently adv.流利地；流畅地→fluency n．流利；流畅 ‎5．frequent adj.频繁的；常见的→frequently adv.常常；频繁地→frequency n．频率 ‎6．expression n．词语；表示；表达→express vt.表达 ‎7．recognize vt.辨认出；承认；公认→recognition n．认出；认识 ‎ ‎ 纵联1.en前缀和en后缀改变词性 ‎①rich→enrich vt.　　　　　 使富裕 ‎②able→enable v. 使能够 ‎③large→enlarge v. 扩大 ‎④sure→ensure v. 确保；担保 ‎⑤strength→strengthen v. 加强；巩固 ‎⑥short→shorten v. 缩短；使变短 纵联2.后缀ern引领四面八方 ‎①eastern 东方的；东部的 ‎②western 西方的；西部的 ‎③southern 南方的；南部的 ‎④northern 北方的；北部的 ‎⑤northwestern 西北方的；来自西北的 ‎⑥southeastern 东南方的；来自东南的 ‎⑦northeastern 东北方的；来自东北的 ‎⑧southwestern 西南方的；来自西南的 纵联3.后缀ial结尾形容词集锦 ‎①official官方的 ②beneficial有益的 ‎③commercial商业的 ④facial表面的 ‎⑤influential有影响力的 ⑥industrial工业的 纵联4.多变“旅行”名词一览 ‎①voyage航行；航海 ②tour(观光)旅行 ‎③travel旅行 ④journey(长途)旅行 ‎⑤trip(短途)旅行；外出 ⑥outing远足 ‎ ‎ 单元话题——语言学习 子话题1　学习内容 ‎①phrase n．短语　　　　　 ②idiom n．习语；成语 ‎③pronunciation n．发音 ④grammar n．语法 ‎⑤practice n．练习 ⑥standard n．& adj.标准(的)‎ ‎⑦knowledge n．知识；学问 ⑧speech n．演讲 子话题2　学习过程 ‎①accuracy n．准确；精确 ②fault n．缺点；毛病 ‎③perfect adj.完美的 ④abundant adj.大量的；充裕的 ‎⑤summarize vt.概括；总结 ⑥take in理解；吸收 子话题3　学习结果 ‎①master vt.精通；掌握　 　　 ②acquire v．获得；得到 ‎③overcome v．克服；解决 ④pronounce vt.发音 ‎⑤enlarge vt.扩大 ⑥accumulate vt.积累；积聚 ‎⑦improve v．改善；增进；提高 ⑧grasp v．掌握；领会 ‎[学考对接•活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用 ‎1．(2014•江苏高考阅读D) My mother and I conflicted countless times over the years, but ‎ ‎__❶__ (gradual) came to see❷ one another as real human beings with faults and talents, and as women of strength in our own right. Lacking a ‎ mirror image in the mother who raised me, I had to seek my identity❸ as a woman on my own.The Asian American community has helped me regain my double identity.‎ ‎①用gradual的正确形式填空：gradually ‎②写出see在本单元中的近义词：recognize ‎③写出identity在句中的含义：身份； identity的动词为identify，意为“确认；鉴定”。‎ ‎2．(2014•重庆高考完形填空)Wearing proper clothes is important too, for locals❶will judge you by what you wear. In some Middle Eastern countries，exposing your flesh is forbidden, especially if you are a woman.So leave your torn jeans at home.‎ Also be cautious about expressing❷ emotions. Getting angry in Southeast Asia just makes you look silly.In some countries it is unwise to kiss in public.‎ ‎①写出locals在本单元中的近义词：_natives_‎ ‎②写出加黑词在本单元中的同根名词：expression 高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用 ‎(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)‎ ‎1．(2015•四川高考书面表达)作为一个以中文为母语的人，我的中文讲得很清晰流利，我的老师们对我的中文口语评价很高。(native, fluent)‎ As_a_native_Chinese_speaker,_I_can_speak_Chinese_clearly_and_fluently,_and_my_teachers_think_highly_of_my_spoken_Chinese.‎ ‎2．(2014•山东高考写作)事实上，谚语是一种众所周知的、反复使用的表达方式，它表达的是一种基于常识或人类实际经验的真理。(actually, expression, base)‎ Actually,_a_proverb_is_an_expression_popularly_known_and_repeated,_which_expresses_a_truth,_based_on_common_sense_or_the_practical_experience_of_humans.‎ ‎ (二)课堂重点释疑 ‎1．base vt.以……为根据n.基部；基地；基础 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)base ... on/upon ...　 把……建立在……基础之上 be based on/upon 以……为基础；依据……‎ ‎(2)basic adj. 基本的；基础的 basis n. 基础；根据 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Basing (base) an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.‎ ‎②With our knowledge based (base) on practice, we can make great contributions to our society.‎ 句式升级 ‎③The restaurant is based on trust, and it is working all right.‎ ‎→Based_on_trust,_the restaurant is working all right.(‎ 改为分词短语作状语)‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎④(2015•北京高考书面表达)首先，他向我们展示了捏面人的基本步骤和技巧。‎ First, he showed_us_the_basic_steps and skills of making dough figurines.‎ ‎2．command n．[C]命令；指令；[U]掌握vt.命令；指挥 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)at one’s command　　　　　　 听某人支配 have a (good) command of 掌握；精通(尤指语言)‎ take command of 控制；担任……的指挥 ‎(2)command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事 command that ... (should) do ... 命令……做……‎ ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①I’m at your command — what would you like me to do?‎ ‎②If you do not serve others, you cannot take command of them.‎ 句型转换 ‎③The police commanded the witness to describe what had happened the day before.‎ ‎→The police commanded that the witness (should)_describe_what_had_happened the day before.‎ ‎[联想]　command后面跟that引导的宾语从句时，从句谓语用虚拟语气，即“(should＋)动词原形”，以下动词具有相同的用法：‎ 一坚持：insist；二命令：order, command；‎ 三建议：suggest, advise, recommend；‎ 四要求：demand, request, require, desire；‎ 再加一个敦促：urge。‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎④(2018•6月浙江高考写作)我确信我非常胜任做这项志愿工作，因为我精通英语口语。‎ I do believe that I am very qualified for this voluntary work, because_I_have_a_good_command_of_spoken_English.‎ ‎3．request n．&vt.请求；要求 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)make a request for sth./that ...　 请求；要求……‎ at one’s request 应某人的要求 ‎(2)request sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事 request that ... (should) do sth. 请求……‎ It is requested that ... (should) do sth. 据要求……‎ ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①What’s your opinion of Mr Li’s request that we (should)_spend (spend) half an hour reading English aloud every morning?‎ ‎②It_is_requested (request) that all the visitors should not take pictures of the exhibitions.‎ 句型转换 ‎③I requested that the students should be well prepared for the exam.‎ ‎→I made_a_request_that the students should be well prepared for the exam. (request n．)‎ ‎[用准] 　动词request后的宾语从句以及名词request后的表语从句、同位语从句都要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”， should可省略。‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎④在博物馆里要求参观者不要吸烟和大声谈话。‎ The visitors are_requested_not_to_smoke_or_talk_loudly in the museum.‎ ‎4．recognize vt.辨认出；承认；公认 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)recognize sb./one’s voice　 认出某人/听出某人的声音 be recognized to be/as ... 被认为是……‎ It is recognized that ... 人们公认……‎ ‎(2)recognition n. 认出；认识 beyond (all) recognition 认不出来 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without_being_recognized (recognize)．‎ ‎②Alexander tried to get his work recognized (recognize) in the medical circles.‎ ‎③I went back to my hometown after 20 years and the city had changed beyond all recognition (recognize)．‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎④人们一致认为环境污染已经变成了最严重的问题之一。‎ It_is_recognized_that_environmental_pollution_has_become_one_of_the_most_serious_problems.‎ ‎[词汇过关综合训练]　 ‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．Both English and French are official (官方的) languages in Canada.‎ ‎2．She was born in Germany and her native (本国的) language is German.‎ ‎3．The Smiths have lived in London for ten years, so they speak with a London accent (口音)．‎ ‎4．If you want to improve your reading skill, you should have a large vocabulary (词汇量) first.‎ ‎5．Go straight (直接) down the road until you come to the English language school.‎ ‎6．The store is three blocks (街区) away. It is very convenient for us to buy things.‎ ‎7．He hated being in the army because he had to obey commands (‎ 命令)．‎ ‎8．Man’s dream of making a space voyage (航行) finally came true.‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1．His speech was frequently (frequent) interrupted by stormy applause.‎ ‎2．I didn’t like maths at the very start, but now my interest in it has been gradually (gradual) increasing.‎ ‎3．As soon as he heard the news, an expression (express) of surprise appeared on his face.‎ ‎4．My computer has a program which can correct my spelling(s) (spell) automatically.‎ ‎5．My hometown has changed beyond recognition (recognize) since I was last here.‎ ‎6．You’ll be able to choose a room based on/upon your own personal tastes.‎ ‎7．Nearly one hundred countries recognize English as their official (office) language.‎ ‎8．Actually (actual), he is an honest and reliable person, whom you can depend on.‎ Ⅲ.单句改错 ‎ ‎1．I believe that you will be able to speak English fluent in one month.fluent→fluently ‎2．My father requested that I arrived home at dusk.arrived→arrive ‎3．It is wellknown that the panda is native of China.of→to ‎4．If you have good command of foreign languages, you’ll have no difficulty working in this company. good前加a ‎5．As the weather gradual becomes warmer and warmer, he will pick up soon. gradual→gradually Ⅳ.一句多译 ‎1．这部电影是根据一个真实的故事改编的，吸引了全国的关注。(base)‎ ‎①The film, based_on/upon a true story, attracts people’s interest all over the country.‎ ‎②The film is_based_on/upon a true story and it attracts people’s interest all over the country.‎ ‎2．他命令我们一个小时内完成这项工作。‎ ‎①He_commanded_that_we_(should)_finish_the_work_in_an_hour._ (command that ...)‎ ‎②He_commanded_us_to_finish_the_work_in_an_hour._ (command sb. to do sth.)‎ ‎3．班主任要求我们认真复习功课。‎ ‎①Our_headteacher_requested_us_to_go_over_our_lessons_carefully. (request sb. to do sth.)‎ ‎②Our_headteacher_requested_that_we_(should)_go_over_our_lessons_carefully. (request that ...)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(一)课前自主学习 ‎ ‎ ‎1．more_than　　　　　　　　　 超过；非常；不只是；不仅是 ‎2．come_up 走近；上来；提出 ‎3．be_based_on 以……为基础；依据……‎ ‎4．believe_it_or_not 信不信由你 ‎5．play_a_part_(in)_ 扮演一个角色；参与 ‎6．because_of 因为；由于 ‎7．the_number_of_ ……的数量 ‎8．at_present [串记1] 现在；目前 ‎9．make_use_of [串记2] 利用；使用 ‎10．such_as 例如……；像这种的 ‎[同根短语串记]‎ 串记1.at时间短语小结 ‎①at present 现在；目前 ‎②at times 有时 ‎③at a time 一次 ‎④at one time 曾经 ‎⑤at the moment 现在 ‎⑥at the beginning of 在……开始时 串记2.“make＋n.＋prep.”短语荟萃 ‎①make use of 使用；利用 ‎②make a fool of 愚弄；欺骗 ‎③make the most/best of 尽量利用；充分利用 ‎④make way for 为……让路；让路于 ‎⑤make an appointment with sb. 与某人有个约定 ‎ ‎ ‎1．at the end of the 16th century 16世纪末 ‎2．make a voyage/voyages_to 航海/航行去……‎ ‎3．native English speakers 以英语作为母语的人 ‎4．enrich_the English language 丰富英语语言 ‎5._than ever before 比以前任何时候更 ‎6．standard English 标准英语 ‎7．on TV and the radio 在电视和收音机里 ‎8．an official language 一门官方语言 ‎ ‎ ‎1．Native English speakers can understand each other even_if_they_don’t_speak the same kind of English.‎ 以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的英语不尽相同，也可以相互理解。‎ ‎2．It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.‎ 当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础，而我们今天所说的英语不是。‎ ‎3．It is not easy for a Chinese person_to_speak_English as well as a native English speaker.‎ 对中国人来说，想把英语说得像以英语作为母语的人一样好，并不是件容易的事。‎ ‎4．Believe it or not, there is no_such_thing_as standard English.‎ 信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。‎ ‎[学考对接•活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　完形中的短语(补全句子)‎ ‎1．(2014•浙江高考完形填空)“I came to thank you，”she said, surprising me beyond speech. Because_of (因为) me, Simon had become a different person.‎ ‎2．(2014•湖南高考完形填空)But ironing shirts was not easy work. It didn’t make_use_of (利用) long muscles we used to throw a baseball, and it wasn’t a smooth operation like iceskating.‎ 高考采撷(二)　写作中的短语和句式 ‎(词汇升级/补全句子)‎ ‎1．(2018•全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I am very (＝more_than) delighted to know you are invited to a dinner party by your Chinese friend.(用本单元短语替换加黑词)‎ ‎2．(2015•四川高考书面表达)我急需提高我的英语口语，所以找到一个以英语为母语的人来学习对我来说很重要。(It is＋adj.＋for sb. to ‎ do ...)‎ I badly need to improve my oral English, so it_is_very_important_for_me_to_find_a_native_English_speaker_to_learn_from. ‎ ‎3．(2018•全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)说到餐桌礼仪，即使你不习惯，吃饭时也要小声说话。(even if)‎ Speaking of table manners, keep your voice low during the meal even_if_you_are_not_used_to_it.‎ ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎[短语集释]‎ ‎1．come up走近；上来；发芽；发生；被提出；(太阳、月亮等)升起 ‎[辨清]　写出下列句中come up的含义 ‎①(2015•湖北高考)A gentleman at the office came up and patted Jason’s shoulder fondly. “You’re just the boy I am looking for.”走近 ‎②As soon as the project came up at the meeting, it attracted many people’s attention.被提出 ‎③When the moon came up, the young people began their celebration.升起 ‎④I planted some seeds in the yard.But they failed to come up.发芽 ‎⑤—Alvin, are you coming with us?‎ ‎—I’d love to, but something unexpected has come up.发生 ‎[记牢]‎ come up with　　　　　 想出；提出 come across (偶然)遇见；发现；被理解 come to 总计；达到 when it comes to ... 当谈到……‎ ‎[练通]　选用上述短语填空 ‎⑥Specialists can come_up_with new ways to solve the problem of air pollution.‎ ‎⑦When we read newspapers, we often come_across such English words as “AIDS” and “PK”．‎ ‎[用准]　come up的主语是物，表示“(计划、建议、方案等)被提出”，为不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态；而come up with主语是人或团体组织，表示“(某人)提出”，为及物动词短语。‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎⑧(2016•四川高考书面表达)当谈到我最喜欢的季节时，我立刻会想到春天。‎ When_it_comes_to_the_season_I_like_best,_spring will always occur to me in no time. ‎ ‎2．make use of利用；使用 ‎[记牢]‎ (1)make full/good use ofmake the best/most of　　　　　 充分利用 ‎(2)come into use 开始被使用 be of (great) use (很)有用 It is no use/useless doing sth. 做某事是没用的 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①There is no denying that the Internet is of great use in our daily life.‎ ‎②As you know, it’s no use complaining (complain) without taking action.‎ ‎③His success lies in the use that/which he can make of every chance to improve himself.‎ 句式升级 ‎④We must make full use of every minute to go over our lessons, for the final examination is coming.‎ ‎→Full_use_must_be_made_of_every_minute_to_go_over_our_lessons,_for the final examination is coming.(用full use作主语)‎ ‎[用准]　make use of 短语的构成特点为：动词＋名词＋介词； 需要关注两种考查方式：(1)把use提前，使用被动语态；(2)把use提前用作先行词，其后接定语从句。‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎⑤(2018•全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)每天下课后，我们学生和老师们都充分利用这个体育馆做运动。‎ We students as well as our teachers make good use of the gymnasium to do sports after class every day.‎ ‎[句式集释]‎ ‎1．more ... than ... “与其说……倒不如说……”‎ ‎[教材原句]　It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)She was more_sad_than_angry when her son lied.‎ 当她的儿子撒谎时，与其说她生气倒不如说她伤心。‎ ‎(2)Fishing is more_than a sport; it’s an art.‎ 钓鱼不只是一项运动，它也是一门艺术。‎ ‎(3)It’s a beautiful cottage not_more_than five minutes from the nearest beach.‎ 那是一座漂亮的小屋，离最近的海滩不超过5分钟的路程。‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ 用法归纳 (1)more than＋数词或从句　　　超过……‎ more than＋形容词 非常……‎ more than＋名词 不只是；不仅是 ‎(2)no more than 只不过；仅仅 not more than 不超过；至多 注意事项 more ... than ...结构强调more后面的内容，表示同一个人或事物的两种特征对比。more和than后接两个并列成分。‎ ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)(2015•重庆高考写作)Learning that you are organizing this activity to ‎ share books worldwide, I am more than happy to apply for it.(开头句)‎ ‎(2)(2015•湖南高考写作)I made such great progress in English that my teacher praised me, saying that I was more diligent than clever.(要点句)‎ ‎2．no such＋单数名词，意为“没有这样的……”‎ ‎[教材原句]　Believe it or not, there is no_such_thing_as standard English.‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)There is no_such_thing_as failure. Failure is just life trying to move us in another direction.‎ 世上没有失败，失败只不过是生活试图将我们推向另一个方向罢了。‎ ‎(2)He was so responsible a teacher that we were all deeply moved.‎ ‎→He was such_a_responsible_teacher_that_we were all deeply moved.‎ ‎(3)I’ve never heard such_stories_as he told.‎ 我从未听过像他讲的那样的故事。‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ 用法归纳 (1)no such＋单数名词＋as ...“没有像……这样的” ‎ ‎(2)such与a/an连用时要放在a/an的前面；与all, no, some, any, few, little, many, much, several, one等词连用时，应位于它们的后面。‎ ‎(3)such＋a/an＋adj.＋可数名词单数adj.＋不可数名词/复数名词＋that ... “如此……以至于……”‎ ‎(4)such ... as ...“像……这样的……”，as 在句中引导定语从句。‎ 注意事项 “no such＋单数名词”结构中单数名 词前不可再加冠 ‎ 词，相当于“not such a(n)＋单数名词”。‎ ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)As we know, there’s no such thing as a free lunch in the world.(开头句)‎ ‎(2)(2015•安徽高考书面表达)I would also like to know how he felt in space and whether space travel is such great fun as I have read.(要点句)‎ ‎[词块、句式过关综合训练]　 ‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 come up， because of， at present， make use of， the number of， such as， believe it or not， more than ‎1．They tried their best to make_use_of the chance that their school offered to study hard.‎ ‎2．At_present,_there is no way of predicting what the longterm effects of the explosion will be.‎ ‎3．It is partly because_of_her sick mother that she hasn’t taken the job abroad.‎ ‎4．The question which came_up at the meeting was whether we had enough money.‎ ‎5．—I’m more_than happy to take you there in my car.‎ ‎—You’re so nice. Thank you.‎ ‎6．Believe_it_or_not,_we were left waiting in the rain for two hours.‎ ‎7．It’s more useful to learn modern languages, such_as English and German, than Latin.‎ ‎8．The_number_of road accidents and the deaths arising from those accidents has increased over the past year.‎ Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子/句型转换 ‎1．即便你读起英语来很容易，你会发现用英语进行会话是另一回事。(even if)‎ Even_if_you_read_English_easily,_you’ll find it is another cup of tea to make conversation in English.‎ ‎2．他们没有回家，与其说我担心倒不如说我生气。(more ...than ...)‎ I was more_angry_than_worried when they didn’t come home.‎ ‎3．When I heard what the headteacher said, I was very glad and my heart beat wildly.‎ ‎→Hearing_what_the_headteacher_said,_I was more_than glad and my heart beat wildly.(分词作状语；高频词汇升级)‎ ‎4．The book is written in such easy English as beginners can understand.‎ ‎→The book is written in_such_easy_English_that beginners can understand it.(that引导结果状语从句)‎ Ⅲ.分步写作 假定你是李华，在光明中学读书，在高中学习英语的过程中遇到一些问题，想得到老师的帮助，并想给班级的英语老师提一些建议，以帮 助自己学好英语。请你结合自己的实际情况给英语老师写一封求助信，内容如下：‎ ‎1．学习英语时遇到的问题：生词多，课文长，记忆有难度；‎ ‎2．请老师介绍一些学习英语的好方法；‎ ‎3．向英语老师提出建议。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ 第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点 ‎1．审题：①文体：求助信 　②人称：主要是第一人称 ‎③时态：主要是一般现在时 ‎2．拟点：通过审题，根据题目和内容要求可以从以下三个方面来写作。‎ ‎①开头：点明写信目的。(向老师求助)‎ ‎②主体：具体介绍求助的内容。(遇到很多困难；向老师提出请求；提出自己的建议)‎ ‎③结尾：表达期望。(期望对方回复)‎ 要点1：我是李华，我写信给您想寻求一些帮助。‎ My_name_is_Li_Hua.I’m_writing_to_you_to_ask_for_some_help.‎ 要点2－①：我在学习英语方面遇到很多困难。‎ I_have_met_with_many_difficulties_in_learning_English.‎ 要点2－②：我发现我们的课文满是生词，对我来说难以记忆。‎ I_find_our_texts_full_of_new_words_and_they_are_difficult_for_me_to_remember.‎ 要点2－③：这些课文对我来说如此长以至于我无法背诵。(too ...to ...)‎ The_texts_are_too_long_for_me_to_recite.‎ 要点2－④：您能给我们介绍一些学习新单词的好方法吗？‎ Would_you_like_to_introduce_to_us_some_good_ways_to_learn_new_words?‎ 要点2－⑤：我请求您讲课文更慢一点。(beg)‎ I_beg_you_to_teach_the_text_more_slowly.‎ 要点3：期望得到您的答复。‎ Looking_forward_to_your_reply.‎ 第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼 为了使行文连贯、满足词数要求，我们需要补充一些要点和添加细节。例如：‎ ‎1．在表达要点2－②时可以用定语从句升级表达；‎ ‎2．在陈述完遇到的困难后增加过渡句，以引出向老师提建议；‎ ‎3．在要点2－④、2－⑤中添加“介绍好方法带来的结果”及“课文讲慢所带来的结果”；‎ ‎4．在要点2后可增加结论句：我确信在您的帮助下，我在英语学习方面能取得大的进步。‎ 升级要点2－②：我发现我们的课文满是生词，对我来说记住它们很难。(定语从句)‎ I_find_our_texts_full_of_new_words_that_are_difficult_for_me_to_remember.‎ 增加过渡句：因为面对着如此多的困难，所以我不得不向您寻求帮助。(过去分词作状语，faced with)‎ Faced_with_so_many_difficulties,_I_have_to_ask_you_for_some_help.‎ 拓展要点2－④：您能给我们介绍一些学习新单词的好方法以便我们更容易记住它们吗？(so that)‎ Would_you_like_to_introduce_to_us_some_good_ways_to_learn_new_words_so_that_we_can_remember_them_more_easily?‎ 拓展要点2－⑤：我请求您讲课文更慢一点，这样大多数学生就能很容易地跟上。(in order that)‎ I_beg_you_to_teach_the_text_more_slowly_in_order_that_most_of_the_students_can_easily_follow_you.‎ 增加结论句：我确信在您的帮助下，我在英语学习方面能取得大的进步。(make progress)‎ I’m_sure_that_I_can_make_great_progress_in_my_English_study_with_your_help.‎ 第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡 求助信的开头应该开门见山指出写信的目的，下面再陈述问题和提出寻求帮助，要点之间可采用一些过渡词，如besides， in the meanwhile把基本要点和拓展要点有机地连接起来，做好文章的衔接过渡。‎ Dear_teacher，‎ My_name_is_Li_Hua.I’m_writing_to_you_to_ask_for_some_help.‎ I_have_met_with_many_difficulties_in_learning_English.I_find_our_texts_full_of_new_words_that_are_difficult_for_me_to_remember.Besides,_the_texts_are_too_long_for_me_to_recite._Faced_with_so_many_difficulties,_I_have_to_ask_you_for_some_help.Would_you_like_to_introduce_to_us_some_good_ways_to_learn_new_words_so_that_we_can_remember_them_more_easily?_In_the_meanwhile,_I_beg_you_to_teach_the_text_more_slowly_in_order_that_most_of_the_students_can_easily_follow_you.I’m_sure_that_I_can_make_great_progress_in_my_English_study_with_your_help.‎ Looking_forward_to_your_reply.‎ Yours，‎ Li_Hua ‎ ‎ 理清文体结构之(二)　应用文之活动介绍——明活动特色，据题眼定答案 活动介绍类应用文常常包括多项活动，其结构和内容基本相同，但各个活动具有明显的特色，它们正是命题的切入点。抓住这些特色就抓住了解决此类文章的灵魂，做题时再根据题眼(题干中的关键词)与这些特色进行匹配，即可快速确定答案，从而做到“速读文，快答题”。‎ ‎[明活动特色] [高考典例]　2018•全国卷Ⅰ•A篇 [读文解题技法]‎ 标题两要素：‎ 活动1◄‎ 四项各具特色的活动 活动2◄‎ 活动3◄‎ 活动4◄‎ ‎ 地点、方式 Washington, D．C.Bicycle Tours ‎ Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D．C. ‎ Duration: 3 hours This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the worldfamous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D．C.Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability — and the cherry blossoms — disappear！‎ Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour Duration: 3 hours (4 miles)‎ Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D．C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.‎ Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D．C.‎ Duration: 3 hours Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D．C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D．C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route (路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.‎ Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour Duration: 3 hours (7 miles)‎ Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D．C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights. 1.由标题，明主题 从文章标题可看出，本文介绍了在华盛顿特区进行的自行车旅行活动。‎ ‎2.看分类，总体把握 由下面4个副标题可知，本文分类介绍了4项活动，包括行程和活动安排。‎ ‎3.划出特色，为解题做铺垫 在4项活动的介绍中划出具有特色的字眼，因为这往往是命题的切入点，为后面解题奠定基础。‎ ‎4.找出题眼，比对“特色”定答案 找到题干中的题眼，然后到文中寻找读文时划出的“特色点”并与之比对，即可确定答案。‎ ‎[找出题眼•比对“特色”定答案]‎ ‎21．Which tour do you need to ？‎ A．Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D．C.‎ B．Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.‎ C．Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D．C.‎ D．Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.‎ ‎22. What will you do on the ？‎ A．Meet famous people.‎ B．Go to a national park.‎ C．Visit wellknown museums.‎ D．Enjoy interesting stories.‎ ‎23．Which of the following does the bicycle tour provide?‎ A．City maps.　　　　　 　B．Cameras.‎ C．Meals. D．Safety lights.‎ ‎[答案]　21.A　22.D　23.D ‎21．题眼――→比对活动1中划出的特色“Reserve”，根据同义释义确定答案 ‎22．题眼――→比对活动3中划出的特色“the most interesting stories”，直接确定答案 ‎23．题眼――→比对活动4中划出的特色，直接确定答案 ‎[课下语篇提能练]　　　 ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A cycling session at Queen Mary homeless women’s hostel (收容所) in London starts.Eleven women discuss what they’re hoping to achieve in today’s session.Then they push their bikes to a basketball court to practise in an offroad environment.Supported by instructors, they practise riding by themselves.Sometimes these women feel a little tired because they take medicine, but they have all made up their mind for cycling training.‎ Last year Queen Mary approached Sustrans (a charity) to set up a cycling club for women.Many of them have low levels of fitness.All have survived challenging situations ranging from social isolation (孤立) to abusive (虐待的) relationships.The hostel staff, who are experienced mental health experts, try to develop cycling to build the women’s ‎ confidence and give them access to other fields of society.The hostel is moving away from traditional treatment of mental health with the belief that cycling could be a really useful tool in helping the women live on their own.After the success of a 10week pilot project, the cycling club received financial support of ￡10,000 to continue the club.‎ In modern society, homelessness and mental health problems often go hand in hand.Studies have shown that physical activities, including walking and cycling, can be used to overcome and even prevent stress, depression and anxiety.They can be more effective than medical treatments.‎ Women, however, are less likely than men to take part in physical activities.Women in the UK make nearly three times fewer cycling journeys than men.Two main causes of this are traditional barriers — mostly because women still undertake most household tasks — and fear of judgment.The network of bike routes has been expanded yet the “build it and they will come” approach ignores the fact that not all people start from the same point.Social interventions (干预) are a useful way to achieve equality of access to cycling.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。Queen Mary无家可归妇女收容所联合慈善组织Sustrans成立了自行车俱乐部，为这些无家可归的女性提供骑行培训，目的是帮助她们树立自信，使她们能够重新融入社会，独立生存。‎ ‎1．What can we learn about the women at Queen Mary?‎ A．They are quite determined.‎ B．They used to be good athletes.‎ C．They committed serious crimes.‎ D．They teach themselves cycling.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一段中“but they have all made up their mind for cycling training”可知，这些女性很有决心，积极参加骑行训练。‎ ‎2．What’s the main purpose in setting up the cycling club?‎ A．To raise money for the poor.‎ B．To advocate the benefits of cycling.‎ C．To help homeless women get a good job.‎ D．To make homeless women better fit into society.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The hostel staff, who are experienced mental health experts, try to develop cycling to build the women’s confidence and give them access to other fields of society.”可知，建立骑行俱乐部的主要目的在于帮助这些女性树立自信，融入社会的不同领域。‎ ‎3．What does the author stress in the third paragraph?‎ A．The harm of mental problems.‎ B．The causes of different mental states.‎ C．The various treatments for mental illness.‎ D．The positive effect of sports on mental health.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知，本段主要介绍体育运动能够克服甚至预防精神方面的各种问题，可能比药物更有效。因此可推断本段旨在强调运动对精神健康的重要性。‎ ‎4．What is suggested for encouraging women to cycle?‎ A．Building more bike routes.‎ B．Starting purposeful activities.‎ C．Providing support in housework.‎ D．Strengthening education on equality.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容尤其是“Social interventions (干预) are a useful way to achieve equality of access to cycling.”可知，为了让更多的女性骑行，文中给出的建议是要进行社会干预，开展针对性的活动。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 One day, the sewer line (污水管道) under our house burst.My first __1__ was to call the plumber (水管工)．“We don’t do that，” he said, as if to tell me that even plumbers have their dignity.He did, however, __2__ someone.I made the call, expecting the man to __3__ of such a miserable job.__4__， he simply asked, “The address？”‎ An hour later, Steve arrived in his truck.I __5__ anxiously as he walked down into the damp depths.A few moments later he __6__， saying, “It’s broken.”‎ ‎“Can you fix it？” I asked with a mixture of doubt and __7__.‎ Steve looked at me as if scolding me for my lack of __8__， saying, “Sure.” Then he told me that he had to get a backhoe (挖土机) and __9__ the street to the main sewer line and that it wouldn’t be done until evening.‎ I didn’t __10__ to watch the excavation (挖掘)．All I wanted was to __11__， go somewhere, and, upon my __12__， see everything the way it was before the damage.‎ I felt somewhat __13__ upon driving off in my clean vehicle, leaving Steve to such a(n) __14__ task. I went into town and visited a few friends.__15__， around 6 p．m., my curiosity got the better of me.I went home and saw a sweeter __16__： the newlypaved street and a coveredup excavation across my front garden.I opened the cellar door and all was tidy.‎ I sat down, lost in __17__.I was taken by the very idea that, sometimes terrible things might happen to an unlucky homeowner, __18__ there is always somebody who is __19__ in its solution.If that’s not the reason for __20__， I’m not sure what is.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者家的下水道污水管破裂，一位水管工费了很大的功夫帮作者修好了。他的工作一丝不苟，为此作者感激不尽。‎ ‎1．A.requirement　　　　　　 　B．solution C．schedule D．response 解析：选D　作者家的下水道污水管破裂，作者的第一反应就是打电话给水管工，故选D项。‎ ‎2．A.exchange B．recommend C．consult D．recall 解析：选B　第一个水管工拒绝了作者的请求，但向作者推荐了另一个人，故作者随后打电话给另一个人，由此语境可判断选B项。‎ ‎3．A.inquire B．approve C．think D．complain 解析：选D　根据“such a miserable job”以及第一个水管工的态度可推断，作者猜想此人会抱怨这项工作的麻烦。‎ ‎4．A.However B．Anyway C．Again D．Thus 解析：选A　结果相反，此人爽快地答应了作者的请求。‎ ‎5．A.shouted B．watched C．hesitated D．explained 解析：选B　该水管工进入下水道的时候，作者在一边焦急地看着。‎ ‎6．A.refused B．dropped C．nodded D．appeared 解析：选D　该水管工出来后将污水管破损情况告诉作者。‎ ‎7．A.hope B．anxiety C．happiness D．regret 解析：选A　根据作者的问题“Can you fix it？”和句中的“mixture”可推断，作者既怀疑又希望该水管工能胜任该工作，故选A项。‎ ‎8．A.wisdom B．strength C．faith D．courage 解析：选C　根据上文“a mixture of doubt”中的doubt可推断，该水管工似乎在责怪作者对他没信心。‎ ‎9．A.go along B．get through C．drive into D．tear up 解析：选D　根据“backhoe”和“the main sewer line”可知，问题比较棘手，需要将主管道上的路挖开。‎ ‎10．A.accept B．desire C．volunteer D．agree 解析：选B　根据“All I wanted was to __11__， go somewhere”可推断作者不想看这复杂的工程。‎ ‎11．A.perform B．relax C．leave D．entertain 解析：选C　根据“go somewhere”以及下文“I went into town and visited a few friends.”可知，作者离开了。‎ ‎12．A.return B．retirement C．disappearance D．arrival 解析：选A　作者希望一回来就能看到一切都复原，故选A项。‎ ‎13．A.proud B．upset C．relaxed D．guilty 解析：选D　根据“upon driving off in my clean vehicle, leaving Steve to such a(n) __14__ task”可知，作者有些内疚。‎ ‎14．A.dangerous B．unpleasant C．urgent D．meaningless 解析：选B　根据上文“such a miserable job”可知，这不是一件好差事。‎ ‎15．A.Instantly B．Thankfully C．Eventually D．Naturally 解析：选C　根据空前的内容可知，作者在外面待了很久，最终，到了下午6点，作者好奇水管修的怎么样了。‎ ‎16．A.situation B．phenomenon C．environment D．sight 解析：选D　根据“the newlypaved street and a coveredup excavation across my front garden.I opened the cellar door and all was tidy”可推断此处指作者所看到的情景，故选D项。‎ ‎17．A.imagination B．memory C．thought D．consideration 解析：选C　根据“I was taken by the very idea that ...”可知，此处指作者陷入了沉思。‎ ‎18．A.but B．so C．and D．for 解析：选A　尽管有时候不幸的房主会遇到一些糟糕的事情，但总有 一些有经验的人会为你解决。‎ ‎19．A.interested B．fortunate C．successful D．experienced 解析：选D　参见上题解析。‎ ‎20．A.kindness B．gratitude C．generosity D．reward 解析：选B　如果那不是感谢的原因，那“我”不知道什么是。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 The __1__ (express) “keeping up with the Joneses” was first used in 1913 by a young American called Arthur Momand.He began earning $125 a week at the age of 23, __2__ was a lot of money in those days.He and his wife moved to a very __3__ (wealth) neighborhood outside New York City.When he saw that rich people rode horses, Momand went __4__ (ride) every day.When he saw that rich people had servants, Momand also hired a servant and gave big __5__ (party) for their new neighbors.‎ It was like a race, __6__ the race ended when they could no longer pay for their new way of life.They moved back to __7__ apartment in New York City.‎ Momand looked around him and noticed that many people did all they could __8__ (keep) up with rich lifestyle of their neighbors.He called it “keeping up with the Joneses” because “Jones” is a very common name in the United States.He saw the funny side of it and started to write a ‎ series of short stories.The stories __9__ (sell) well and gradually “keeping up with the Joneses” became an idiom __10__ (common) used by many people.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在英语中，keeping up with the Joneses意为“与他人攀比”。本文讲述了这个表达的由来。‎ ‎1．expression　考查名词。空格中所填单词在句中作主语，需用express的名词形式。“keeping up with the Joneses”为expression的同位语。‎ ‎2．which　考查定语从句。此处为关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代先行词$125 a week，并在从句中作主语。‎ ‎3．wealthy　考查形容词。空格中所填单词在句中作定语，修饰名词neighborhood，故用wealth的形容词形式。‎ ‎4．riding　考查固定搭配。go riding意思是“去骑马”。‎ ‎5．parties　考查名词复数。此处party意为“派对”，是可数名词。因为big前没有冠词，所以party需用复数形式。‎ ‎6．but　考查连词。句意：这就像是一场赛跑，但是这场赛跑最终以Momand 夫妇不再能够负担起这种新生活方式而结束。本空前后两句为转折关系，故用but。‎ ‎7．an　考查冠词。这里泛指纽约市的一家公寓，故用不定冠词an。‎ ‎8．to keep　考查非谓语动词。此处为动词不定式作目的状语。‎ ‎9．sold　考查动词的时态和语态。这里是描述过去的事，用一般过去时。sell well意思是“畅销”，无被动语态。‎ ‎10．commonly　考查副词。空格中所填单词在句中修饰动词used, 需 用common的副词形式commonly。‎ Ⅳ.短文改错 This summer I took part in a really interesting project.It’s called OneDay Cleanup, which aim is to clear rubbish.I heard about it from my neighbor who used to taking part several years before.I thought it would be a fun.Most of the people there are teenagers.We picked up all the rubbish that we could find by the seaside.It made me realize what important it is to increase people’s awareness on protecting the environment.I’m determined now to get my family recycle as many as possible.It will be worth it if we can make our seas safe for all sea animal.‎ 答案：第二句：which→whose 第三句：taking→take; before→ago 第四句：去掉a 第五句：are→were 第七句：what→how; on→of 第八句：recycle前面加to; many→much 第九句：animal→animals