上海市闵行区2021届高三一模英语试题（含听力） Word版含解析

上海市闵行区2021届高三一模英语试题（含听力） Word版含解析

闵行区 2020学年第一学期高三年级质量调研考试英语试卷 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 Who is the woman speaking to? A. Her good friend. B. Her doctor. C. Her personal trainer. D. Her sports teacher. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】M: Well, your blood pressure seems to be fine, and your blood sugar is at a normal level. Have you been going to the gym often? W: Yes, I have my own personal trainer, and she is helpful. Actually, we’ve become good friends. Q: Who is the woman speaking to? 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What does the woman suggest the man do? A. Leave Daisy alone for the time being. B. Go to see Daisy immediately. C. Make an apology to Daisy in person. D. Buy Daisy a new notebook. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】M: Daisy was very angry yesterday because I lost her notebook. I have to see her and say sorry again. W: If I were you, I’d let her cool off a few days before I see her. Q: What does the woman suggest the man do? 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What are the speakers talking about? A. What to prepare for the picnic. B. How to keep the food from being wet. C. Where to have a picnic. D. How the weather is the next day. 【答案】D 【解析】 【原文】W: How is it looking for our picnic tomorrow? I’ve got the food from the shop. Are we going to get wet? M: The forecast says it’ll be a bit windy but I don’t think the food will be blown away. Q: What are the speakers talking about? 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 How does the man feel? A. Exhausted. B. Thirsty. C. Dizzy. D. Senseless. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】M: Emmy, everything seems to be rolling before my eyes. It must be the exposure to the strong heat of the Sun. W: You’d better lie back still for a while. Take it easy for the rest of the day and stay in the shade. It’s too hot today. Q: How does the man feel? 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What does the man mean? A. He is likely to arrive earlier than Susan. B. He is too busy to attend the party. C. Susan is unlikely to go to the party. D. It’s up to Susan to make the decision. 【答案】D 【解析】 【原文】W: Mike and I are having a party next Saturday. We wonder if you and Susan would be free to join us. M: Sounds great! But I’d better talk to Susan before we say yes. Q: What does the man mean? 6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What does the man mean? A. A lot of students need help. B. Joining a tutoring group is rewarding. C. The woman should spare time on study. D. The woman has tutored for a long time. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】W: I’m thinking of joining a tutoring group to help the students in need, but I have to spend much of my spare time. M: It does take up your spare time, but it pays off in the long run. Q: What does the man mean? 7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What does the man say about his uncle? A. He often complains. B. He is worried about everything. C. He is a happy man. D. He always causes troubles. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】W: I’m sorry I have caused your uncle so much trouble. M: Don’t worry about it. He is never happy unless he has something to complain about. Q: What does the man say about his uncle? 8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 How will the man’s problem be solved? A. He’ll get a similar T-shirt. B. He will get a new T-shirt for free. C. He’ll get his money back. D. He can complain to the manager. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】M: I’d like to talk to someone about the T-shirt. It has shrunk to half its original size. W: Sorry about that. We’ve had a lot of complaints about the T-shirts. Don’t worry, you’ll be fully refunded. Q: How will the man’s problem be solved? 9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What is the woman eager to know? A. How well the camera functions. B. How to use the camera correctly. C. How to get the pictures printed. D. How the pictures will turn out. 【答案】D 【解析】 【原文】M: You look excited. What’s up? W: I took some pictures of the flowers with my new camera. I can’t wait to get them printed and see if they are as good as I thought. Q: What is the woman eager to know? 10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What can we infer from the conversation? A. The exam had little to do with the book. B. The man could hardly finish the exam. C. The exam questions were too difficult. D. The man found the questions confusing. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】W: Your exam is over, isn’t it? Why aren’t you cheerful? M: I don’t know. It isn’t that the questions were too hard, but I feel uncertain when I find the book we read doesn’t seem to cover the questions. Q: What can we infer from the conversation? Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. According to the passage, what do cats do before a storm? A. Come down from high places. B. Hide themselves in holes. C. Search for shelters. D. Run around impatiently. 12. According to the passage, how can birds sense the coming of a storm? A. By feeling a decrease in air pressure. B. By noticing the change of wind directions. C. By feeling a drop in air temperature. D. By observing the behaviors of other animals. 13. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A. Birds and Signs of a Storm. B. Air Pressure and Weather Change. C. Animals’ Sharp Senses. D. Weather Signs from Animals. 【答案】11. C 12. A 13. D 【解析】 【原文】Animals are good weather predictors because of their highly developed senses. Before a storm, dogs may sense the change in air pressure, causing them to bark and make an attempt to seek shelters. Cats act almost in the same way. Mice and deer are also good weather indicators. Field mice come out of their holes and run around. Deer leave high ground and come down from the mountains. Birds are especially good weather indicators because they also show the effect of air pressure drop in many ways. For example, some birds become extremely excited and quarrelsome and will fight over a piece of bread. Other birds sing noisily just before a storm. It seems they know they won't get another chance for an hour or two. Birds also seek safe places before a storm. You will sometimes see birds settling in trees or gathering together on a wire close to a building. Pre-storm low pressure makes the air so thin that birds have difficulty flying. It is unusual to see many birds flying overhead in the summertime, rather than during the periods in the spring or autumn. Watch for other weather signs if you see this. If they fly in the wrong direction, they may be flying ahead of a storm. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. How do some French companies guarantee employees’ after work life? A. By forcefully sending them home. B. By automatically deleting after-work emails. C. By banning the use of the email systems. D. By shortening the working hours. 15. Why can’t many employees in Spain take a Siesta? A. Because of the low working efficiency. B. Because of the tight break time. C. Because of the extended working hours. D. Because of the poor family conditions. 16. What is the passage mainly about? A. Strategies to protect private life. B. Policies to raise working efficiency. C. Ways to use work emails effectively. D. Measures to guarantee personal life. 【答案】14. C 15. B 16. D 【解析】 【原文】Officials in some countries are encouraging people to switch off at the end of the working hours. A new labour law says French companies must guarantee a right to disconnect from emails outside office hours. Some French companies have already put rules in place to prohibit employees from using their email systems. These measures are designed to ensure respect for balance between work and family and personal life. In its neighboring country Spain, the government is considering reducing Spain’s long workday by two hours and shifting clocks back an hour to the country’s original time zone. The 11-hour day currently includes a break for a siesta, which literally means a rest or nap. However, many employees don’t take a siesta because they are unable to return home in the afternoon. In Germany, the employment ministry prevents its managers from contacting staff during off-hours, and major companies, including Volkswagen and BMW, have adopted the policy. In 2014, automaker Daimler began automatically deleting emails sent to employees on vacation. Similar employee health protection measures are also introduced to Asian countries. In Japan, Tokyo’s governor has ordered municipal employees to finish work by 8 p.m. to fight against karoshi, or “death from overwork.” Lights are turned off, and anyone found at their desk is sent home. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 17. What is the man mainly worried about? A. The long working hours. B. The choice of the jobs. C. His inability to hold the job. D. The low salary offer. 18. What do we know about the man from the conversation? A. He prefers teaching to doing administration. B. He is unable to meet the requirement of the comprehensive school. C. He might be turned down for being too young. D. He wants to sign a long-term contract. 19. What does the woman think of the job at the comprehensive school? A. Lowly paid but secure. B. Time-consuming and tiring. C. Varied and interesting. D. Flexible but demanding. 20. What can we infer form the conversation? A. The man is likely to take the comprehensive school job. B. The woman suggests the man wait for better offers. C. The man is in favour of the technique school position. D. The woman has a low opinion of the comprehensive school. 【答案】17. B 18. D 19. C 20. A 【解析】 【原文】W: You seem to be worrying about something? Is it the job stuff? M: Exactly. I’ve got two job offers, one from a technique school, and the other from an comprehensive school. W: What do they offer you? M: Well, the technique school is offering a two-year contract which could be renewed, but the comprehensive school is only offering a year’s contract. It could be renewed, but you never know what’s really going to happen one year later. W: I see. The comprehensive school job is less secure. But I don’t think you have to worry about steady jobs as a newly graduate. M: That’s true. I’m only 23. W: What about the salaries? M: Well, the comprehensive school pays much better in the short term. I’ll be getting about $ 42,000 a year there, but only $ 30,500 at the technique school. But then the hours are different. At the comprehensive school, I’d have to do 35 hours a week, 20 teaching and 15 administration, while the technique school is only asking for 25 hours teaching. W: Mmm…, can you describe the jobs a little further? M: The technique school is all adults who are mainly preparing for working certificates. The comprehensive school wants me to do a bit of exam preparation, but also quite a lot of work in companies and factories, and a couple of children’s classes. Oh, and a bit of literature teaching. W: Well, that sounds much more varied and interesting. And I’d imagine you would be doing quite a lot of teaching outside the school, and moving around quite a bit. M: Yes, with the technique school position, I’d be stuck in the school all day. II. Grammar and vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. There are many ways of defining success. It is accurate to say that each of us has our own concept of success to the extent that each of us is responsible for setting our own goals and determining ___21___ we have met these goals satisfactorily. Because each of us possesses unique differences in genetic ability and favorable environments, it is necessarily true that we must define success broadly. For some people, simply being able to live their life with a minimum of misery and suffering ___22___ (consider) a success. Think of the peace of mind of the poor shepherd who tends his sheep, enjoying his simple life with his family in the beauty of nature, and ___23___ is respected because he does a good job of achieving the goals expected of and accepted by him and his society. On the other hand, it seems that ___24___ some people appear to be rich in material possessions, many of them seem to be miserable and consider ___25___ unsuccessful when judged by their own goals of success. Because not all ventures can be successful, one should not set unrealistic goals for achieving success, but ___26___ one has self-confidence it would be unfortunate to set one’s goals at too low a level of achievement. A wise counselor once said to a young man who ___27___ (experience) frustration with his own professional success: “You do not have to set your goal to reach the moon in order to have success in traveling. Sometimes one ___28___ be very successful merely by taking a walk in the park, or riding the subway downtown,” The counselor added, “You have not really failed and spoiled your chances for success until you have been unsuccessful at something you really like, and ___29___ which you have given your best effort.” Whatever you define success, remember, we are born to live the lives we truly want and deserve, but not just the lives ____30____ (settle) for us. 【答案】21. whether / if 22. is considered 23. who 24. even though 25. themselves 26. if 27. was experiencing 28. can 29. to 30. settled 【解析】 这是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了成功的定义，介绍了不同的人对成功的不同定义。告诉我 们无论你如何定义成功，都要记住，我们生来要过我们真正想要和应得的生活，而不仅仅是 为我们设定的生活。 【21题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：准确地说，我们每个人都有自己的成功概念，在某种程度上，我们每 个人都有责任设定自己的目标，并确定我们是否满意地实现了这些目标。此处为宾语从句， 从句中不缺少成分，表示“是否”应用 whether / if引导。故填 whether / if。 【22题详解】 考查动词时态语态。句意：对一些人来说，只要能把痛苦和苦难降到最低就算是成功了。句 子陈述客观事实应用一般现在时，且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动 语态，主语为 simply being able to live their life with a minimum of misery and suffering，谓语 动词用单数。故填 is considered。 【23题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：想想一个可怜的牧羊人，他平静地照料着他的羊群，和他的家人一起 享受着大自然的美丽，他因为出色地完成了他和他的社会所期望和接受的目标而受到尊敬。 此处为定语从句修饰先行词 shepherd，且先行词在从句中作主语，指人，故应用关系代词 who引导。故填 who。 【24题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：另一方面，似乎即使一些人看起来在物质财富上很富有，但从自己的 成功目标来看，很多人似乎很痛苦，认为自己不成功。引导让步状语从句，表示“即使”应 用 even though引导。故填 even though。 【25题详解】 考查代词。句意：另一方面，似乎即使一些人看起来在物质财富上很富有，但从自己的成功 目标来看，很多人似乎很痛苦，认为自己不成功。根据语境，此处指“认为他们自己不成功” 应用反身代词 themselves。故填 themselves。 【26题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：因为并不是所有的冒险都能成功，一个人不应该为获得成功而设定不 切实际的目标，但是如果一个人有自信的话，把目标设定得太低就很不幸了。引导条件状语 从句，表示“如果”应用 if。故填 if。 【27题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：一位睿智的咨询师曾对一位因自己的职业成功而却遭遇挫折的年轻人 说：“你不必为了旅行的成功就去设定登月的目标。有时，只要在公园里散散步，或者在市 中心乘地铁，就能算是非常成功。”结合语境，描述过去一段时间正在发生的动作应用过去 进行时，且定语从句中谓语动词与先行词 man保持一致，应用单数。故填 was experiencing。 【28题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：一位睿智的咨询师曾对一位因自己的职业成功而却遭遇挫折的年轻人 说：“你不必为了旅行的成功就去设定登月的目标。有时，只要在公园里散散步，或者在市 中心乘地铁，就能算是非常成功。”后文 be为动词原形，可推知应填情态动词，表示“能 够”应用 can。故填 can。 【29题详解】 考查介词。句意：这位顾问补充道：“除非你在自己真正喜欢的事情上失败了，并为此付出 了最大努力，否则你并没有真正失败，也没有毁掉成功的机会。”此处为“介词+关系的代 词”结构定语从句，表示“为……付出最大努力”可知短语为 give one’s best effort to。故填 to。 【30题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：无论你如何定义成功，请记住，我们生来要过我们真正想要和应得 的生活，而不仅仅是为我们设定的生活。分析句子结构可知 settle 在句中应用非谓语动词形 式，与逻辑主语 lives构成被动关系，故应用过去分词作定语。故填 settled。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. learned B. processes C. revise D. create E. parallel F. available G. barrier H. captured I. objective J. finished K. flowing I’ve been writing for most of my life. The book Writing Without Teachers introduced me to one distinction and one practice that has helped my writing ___31___ greatly. The distinction is between the creative mind and the critical mind. While you need to employ both to get to a final result, they cannot work in ___32___ no matter how much we might like to think so. Trying to criticize writing while it is still in progress is most possibly the single greatest ___33___ to writing that most of us meet with. If you are listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar while you are trying to seize a fleeting (稍纵即逝的) thought, the thought will die. If you capture the fleeting thought and simply share it with the world in raw form, no one is likely to understand. You must learn to ___34___ first and then criticize if you want to make writing the tool for thinking that it is. The practice that can help you pass your ___35___ bad habits of trying to edit as you write is what Elbow calls “free writing”. In free writing, the ___36___ is to get words down on paper non-stop, usually for 15－20 minutes. No stopping, no going back, no criticizing. The goal is to get the words ___37___. As the words begin to go smoothly, the ideas will come from the shadows and let themselves be ___38___ on your notepad or your screen. Now you have raw materials that you can begin to work with using the critical mind that you’ve persuaded to sit on the side and watch quietly. Most likely, you will believe that this will take more time than you actually have and you will end up staring blankly at the pages as the deadline draws near. Instead of staring at a blank screen, start filling it with words no matter how bad they are. Halfway through your ___39___ time, stop and rework your raw writing into something closer to a(n) ___40___ product. Move back and forth until you run out of time and the final result will most likely be far better than your current practices. 【答案】31. B 32. E 33. G 34. D 35. A 36. I 37. K 38. H 39. F 40. J 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。《在没有老师的情况下写作》这本书极大地帮助了作者写作。创造性思维 和批判性思维是有区别的。虽然你需要同时使用这两种方法才能得到最终的结果，但是不管 我们怎么想，它们都不能同时工作。文章主要介绍了一些写作方法。 【31题详解】 考查名词。句意：《在没有老师的情况下写作》这本书给我介绍了一种区别和一种实践，这 极大地帮助了我的写作过程。此处作宾语，结合句意表示“过程”应用名词 process，且为 可数名词，前文没有冠词，应用复数。故填 processes。故选 B。 【32题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：虽然你需要同时使用这两种方法才能得到最终的结果，但是不管我们 怎么想，它们都不能同时工作。结合句意表示“同时工作，并行的”可知短语为 in parallel。 故填 parallel。故选 E。 【33题详解】 考查名词。句意：试着在写作还在进行的时候就批评它，这很可能是我们大多数人在写作时 遇到的最大障碍。空处作表语，结合上文 the single greatest以及句意表示“障碍”可知应用 单数名词，barrier，故填 barrier。故选 G。 【34题详解】 考查动词。句意：如果你想让写作成为思考的工具，你必须首先学会创造，然后批判。结合 句意表示“创造”应用动词 create，且上文为短语 learn to do sth.，故填动词原形。故填 create。 故选 D。 【35题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这种练习可以帮助你改掉形成的边写边编辑的坏习惯，Elbow 称之为“自 由写作”。修饰后文名词 habits，表示“形成的”应用形容词 learned，作定语。故填 learned。 故选 A。 【36题详解】 考查名词。句意：在自由写作中，目标是不间断地在纸上写下单词，通常是 15 分钟到 20 分钟。空处作主语，表示“目标”应用名词 objective，结合后文 is 可知应用单数。故填 objective。故选 I。 【37题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：目标是让文字流动起来。结合句意表示“流动”动词为 flow，此 处为“get+宾语+宾补”结构，word 与 flow 构成主动关系，应用现在分词作宾补。故填 flowing。故选 K。 【38题详解】 考查动词。句意：当文字开始流畅，想法就会从阴影中浮现出来，把他们记录在你的记事本 或屏幕上。结合语境可知此处表示“将文字记录在记事本或屏幕上”应用动词 capture，且 与 themselves 构成被动关系，应填过去分词。故填 captured。故选 H。 【39题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在你能用的时间进行到一半的时候，停下来把你的原始作品重新写一遍， 使之接近于成品。修饰后文名词 time，表示“能用的，可获得的”应用形容词 available。故 填 available。故选 F。 【40题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在你能用的时间进行到一半的时候，停下来把你的原始作品重新写一遍， 使之接近于成品。修饰后文 product，表示“成品”应用形容词 finished，作定语。故填 finished。 故选 J。 III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. For centuries, people have had a strong sense that it is absolutely beneficial to read fairy tales to children. However, the benefits might have been ___41___. Some researchers are reassessing this long-established belief and after years of surveys and observations, they are sending out the message: reading too much Cinderella to your daughter may ___42___ damage her in later life. A paper to be developed at the international congress of cognitive psychotherapy (认知心理疗法) suggests a link between the ___43___ of women abused (虐待) by their partners and early exposure to the wrong sort of fairy tales. It says girls who ___44___ Cinderella, Rapunzel and Beauty in Beauty and the Beast were more likely to stay in ___45___ relationships as adults. The theory was developed by Susan Darker Smith, a psychotherapist at the University of Derby. She interviewed sixty-seven female abuse survivors and found that sixty-one ___46___severe abuse because they believed they could change their partners with patience and love. The same view was ___47___ by male survivors who had been abused as children. Hardly any of the women and men in a control group, who had not ___48___ abuse, thought they could change their partners in this way. These women and men said they would ___49___ a relationship rather than suffer the abuse from a partner. Ms. Darker Smith found that these abused women were much more likely to sympathize with Cinderella and other female characters who tended to obey instead of ___50___. Although most girls heard the stories, damage appeared to be done to those who ___51___the characters as role models. “They believe if their love is strong enough they can change their partners’ ___52___,” she said. “___53___ in children to stories that emphasize the transformational qualities of love may make women believe they can change their partners.” For example, they might never have understood the obvious ___54___ in the story of Rapunzel, who remained locked in a high tower until rescued by a knight on a white horse, who broke the door down. “The question,” said Ms. Darker Smith, “is why she did not break the door by herself? After all, being ___55___ is a desirable characteristic that children should learn to possess from the early age and prevail in the life time. ” 41. A. enhanced B. overestimated C. highlighted D. justified 42. A. physically B. intellectually C. academically D. emotionally 43. A. attitude B. conflict C. uncertainty D. coincidence 44. A. acted as B. identified with C. turned to D. accounted for 45. A. imaginary B. deceiving C. destructive D. mysterious 46. A. made up for B. had control over C. fell off into D. put up with 47. A. shared B. disclosed C. contrasted D. argued 48. A. exploded B. challenged C. undergone D. blamed 49. A. restore B. leave C. restrict D. survive 50. A. resisting B. enduring C. concealing D. adapting 51. A. excluded B. revealed C. imposed D. adopted 52. A. prejudice B. fate C. behavior D. ignorance 53. A. Overexposure B. Contribution C. Access D. Commitment 54. A. plot B. conclusion C. moral D. weakness 55. A. confident B. independent C. innocent D. optimistic 【答案】41. B 42. D 43. A 44. B 45. C 46. D 47. A 48. C 49. B 50. A 51. D 52. C 53. A 54. D 55. B 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述读了太多的灰姑娘之类的故事，年轻 的女孩子可能会在生活中她的情感健康会受到损害。 【41题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，这些好处可能被高估了。A. enhanced 加强；B. overestimated 高估；C. highlighted 强调；D. justified 公平对待。由上一句“For centuries, people have had a strong sense that it is absolutely beneficial to read fairy tales to children. (几个世纪以来，人们一 直有一种强烈的感觉，那就是给孩子们读童话绝对是有益的。)”可知很久以来人们认为给孩 子读童话是有益的，结合下文 “Some researchers are reassessing this long-established belief and after years of surveys and observations, they are sending out the message: reading too much Cinderella to your daughter may 2 damage her in later life.(一些研究人员正在重新评估这种由来已久的观点，经过多年的调查和观察，他们发出了 这样的信息:给女儿读太多灰姑娘的故事，可能会在日后的生活中对她的感情造成伤害。)” 可知读童话对孩子绝对是有益的这件事情可能被高估了，故选 B项。 【42题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：一些研究人员正在重新评估这种由来已久的观点，经过多年的调 查和观察，他们发出了这样的信息:给女儿读太多灰姑娘的故事，可能会在日后的生活中对 她的感情造成伤害。A. physically 身体上地；B. intellectually 智力上地；C. academically 学 术上地；D. emotionally 情感上地。由下文提到的“(a link between the 3 of women abused (虐待) by their partners and early exposure to the wrong sort of fairy tales. ) 被伴侣虐待的女性的态度与过早接触错误的童话故事之间存在联系。”和“ It says girls who 4 Cinderella, Rapunzel and Beauty in Beauty and the Beast were more likely to stay in 5 relationships as adults.(该研究称，与灰姑娘、长发公主和《美女与野兽》中的美女相 似的女孩成年后更有可能处于有害的恋爱关系之中。)”可知给女孩读太多灰姑娘的故事会对 她日后的情感上造成伤害，故选 D项。 【43题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一篇即将在认知心理治疗国际大会上发表的论文表明，被伴侣虐 待的女性的态度与过早接触错误的童话故事之间存在联系。A. attitude 态度；B. conflict 冲 突，斗争；C. uncertainty 不确定性；D. coincidence 巧合，一致。根据下文“She interviewed sixty-seven female abuse survivors and found that sixty-one 6 severe abuse because they believed they could change their partners with patience and love. (她采访了 67 名遭受虐待 的女性幸存者，发现其中 61人能够忍受严重的虐待，因为她们相信，只要有耐心和爱，她 们就能改变伴侣。)”以及“Ms. Darker Smith found that these abused women were much more likely to sympathize with Cinderella and other female characters who tended to obey instead of 10 .(史密斯女士发现，这些受虐女性更有可能同情灰姑娘和其他倾 向于服从而不是反抗的女性角色。)”可知被伴侣虐待的女性处理被虐待这件事的“态度”与过 早接触错误的童话故事之间存在联系。故选 A项。 【44题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：该研究称，与灰姑娘、长发公主和《美女与野兽》中的美女相似 的女孩成年后更有可能处于有害的恋爱关系之中。A. acted as 作为；B. identified with 认 为……等同于，相似；C. turned to 转向，向……求助；D. accounted for对……负有责任， 说明……的原因，导致。由下文“Ms. Darker Smith found that these abused women were much more likely to sympathize with Cinderella and other female characters who tended to obey instead of 10 .(史密斯女士发现，这些受虐女性更有可能同情灰姑娘和其他 倾向于服从而不是反抗的女性角色。)”可知成年后更容易处于有害的恋爱关系中的女孩与灰 姑娘，长发公主和《美女与野兽》中的美女相似，故选 B项。 【45题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该研究称，与灰姑娘、长发公主和《美女与野兽》中的美女相 似的女孩成年后更有可能处于有害的恋爱关系之中。A. imaginary 虚构的，假想的；B. deceiving 欺骗性的；C. destructive 有害的，毁灭性的；D. mysterious 神秘的。根据下文“She interviewed sixty-seven female abuse survivors and found that sixty-one 6 severe abuse because they believed they could change their partners with patience and love. (她采访了 67名遭 受虐待的女性幸存者，发现其中 61人能够忍受严重的虐待，因为她们相信，只要有耐心和 爱，她们就能改变伴侣。)”可知她们成年后所处的恋爱关系是有害的，故选 C项。 【46题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：她采访了 67名遭受虐待的女性幸存者，发现其中 61人能够忍受 严重的虐待，因为他们相信，只要有耐心和爱，他们就能改变伴侣。A. made up for 弥补； B. had control over 能控制……；C. fell off into 跌落到……；D. put up with 忍受。由“(because they believed they could change their partners with patience and love. (因为她们相信，只要有耐 心和爱，她们就能改变伴侣。)”可知她们选择了忍受虐待，故选 D项。 【47题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在儿童时期遭受虐待的男性幸存者也持有同样的观点。A. shared 分享，共享；B. disclosed 公开，揭露；C. contrasted 比较，对比；D. argued 争辩。由“the same view(同样的观点)”可知，他们“共享”观点，故选 A项。 【48题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在没有遭受虐待的对照组中，几乎没有人认为他们可以通过这种 方式改变自己的伴侣。A. exploded 爆炸；B. challenged 挑战；C. undergone 经历；D. blamed 责备。上文讲述的是遭受过虐待人们的观点和做法，而此处讲述的是没有“经历过”被虐待的 人持不同的观点和做法，故选 C项。 【49题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些女性和男性表示，他们宁愿离开一段感情，也不愿忍受伴侣 的虐待。A. restore 恢复；B. leave 离开；C. restrict 限制；D. survive 存活。由“Hardly any of the women and men in a control group, who had not 8 abuse, thought they could change their partners in this way.(在没有遭受虐待的对照组中，几乎没有人认为他们可以通过 这种方式改变自己的伴侣。)”以及“ rather than suffer the abuse from a partner. (也 不愿忍受伴侣的虐待)”可知他们会选择离开这段感情，故选 B项。 【50题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：史密斯女士发现，这些受虐女性更有可能同情灰姑娘和其他倾向 于服从而不是反抗的女性角色。A. resisting 抵抗；B. enduring 忍耐；C. concealing 隐藏， 掩饰；D. adapting 适应。由灰姑娘的屈服特点和“obey(服从)”可知对比的动作是“反抗”，故 选 A项。 【51题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然大多数女孩都听说了这些故事，但那些以这些人物为榜样的 女孩似乎受到了伤害。A. excluded 排除；B. revealed 透露；C. imposed 欺骗，强加；D. adopted 收养，采用。由下文“Overexposure in children to stories that emphasize the transformational qualities of love may make women believe they can change their partners.(让孩子 们过度接触强调爱情转变特质的故事，可能会让女性相信她们可以改变伴侣。)”可知过度接 触这类故事的女孩，会把角色当成榜样，认为自己可以像角色一样改变伴侣，但最终会受到 伤害。短语 adopt sb as role model表示“以某人为榜样”，故选 D项。 【52题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“她们相信，如果她们的爱足够强烈，她们就能改变伴侣的行为，” 她说。A. prejudice 偏见，侵害；B. fate 命运；C. behavior 行为；D. ignorance 无知，愚昧。 由上文 ““She interviewed sixty-seven female abuse survivors and found that sixty-one 6 severe abuse because they believed they could change their partners with patience and love. (她采访了 67名遭受虐待的女性幸存者，发现其中 61人能够忍受严重的虐待，因 为她们相信，只要有耐心和爱，她们就能改变伴侣。)”可知她们相信只要有耐心和爱，她们 就能改变伴侣虐待她们的行为，此处的行为指的是“abuse(虐待)”，故选 C项。 【53题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：让孩子们过度接触强调爱情转变特质的故事，可能会让女性相信 她们可以改变伴侣。A. Overexposure 过度接触；B. Contribution 贡献；C. Access 方法，途 径；D. Commitment 承诺。由上文“ A paper to be developed at the international congress of cognitive psychotherapy (认知心理疗法 ) suggests a link between the 3 of women abused (虐待) by their partners and early exposure to the wrong sort of fairy tales. (一 篇即将在认知心理治疗国际大会上发表的论文表明，被伴侣虐待的女性的态度与过早过度接 触错误的童话故事之间存在联系。)”中提到被伴侣虐待的女性的态度与过早过度接触错误的 童话故事之间存在联系可知，过度接触强调爱情转变特质的故事会让女孩们相信自己可以改 变伴侣，故选 A项。 【54题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，他们可能永远不会理解长发公主的故事中明显的弱点，她 一直被锁在一个高塔上，直到一个骑着白马的骑士把门砸开才获救。A. plot 情节，图表；B. conclusion 总结；C. moral 道德，寓意；D. weakness 弱点，缺点。由下文““The question,” said Ms. Darker Smith, “is why she did not break the door by herself? (“问题是，”史密斯女士说，“为 什么她没有自己破门?”)”可知长发公主没有自己破门而出，这是她的一个弱点，故选 D项。 【55题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：毕竟，独立是一种理想的性格，孩子们应该从小学习拥有，并 在一生中盛行。A. confident 有信心的；B. independent 独立的；C. innocent 无辜的；D. optimistic 积极的。通读全文可知，过早过度接触类似于灰姑娘这类具有屈服忍让性格特点 的角色的童话故事的女孩们，很容易在感情上受到伤害，结合前文举出“长发公主”不能自己 破门，只有骑着白马的骑士的解救她才得以解脱，但这是一个弱点，由此最后总结，理想且 孩子们从小就应具备的并且要应用于一生的性格应是独立，故选 B项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) For the residents of Flint, Michigan, USA., the burden of the ongoing water crisis can be measured in weight. Few outside of Vehicle City can tell you how much a 24-pack of bottled water weighs. But in Flint, they can recite it from memory: 26 1/2 lb. For more than a year, many Flint residents have been making the daily journey to distribution centers to load up on cases of water for virtually every basic chore: bathing, brushing teeth, making dinner. Twelve months ago, the city government decided to switch the water supply to the Flint River, which allowed lead and other toxins from the city’s aging pipes to flow into residents’ taps. Although the state government has provided $200 million to solve the problem, the water in Flint remains unsafe to drink without a filter. But there are halting signs of progress. The city has since switched its water source back to Detroit’s properly treated supply, and test results have started showing signs of normalcy. Marc Edwards, the Virginia Tech environmental engineer says Flint’s water is no less safe than other sources around the nation. “There’s no reason to believe the water in Flint is any more dangerous than other U.S. cities,”Edwards says. However, some residents cast doubt on those results. Melissa Mays, a Flint resident and organizer of Water You Fighting For? A local advocacy group, says she still breaks out in rashes and wants more tests from showers and water heaters for bacteria like Legionella, an outbreak of which has killed 12 people around Flint since April 2014. “We feel like we’re right back at the beginning,” Mays says. As the state tries to decide who should be responsible for the crisis, the city is working to replace its old lead pipes. But only 700 of Flint’s 30,000 lead service lines have been dug up and replaced. Overhauling them all will require far more than the $27 million the state has provided. “It’s a shame that it’s taken this long,” says Mayor Karen Weaver, who was elected in the wake of the crisis. “The bottom line is that we need and deserve new pipes.” But even with new infrastructure (基础设施), the real challenge in Flint may be restoring public confidence in the face of immeasurable distrust. 56. The author mentioned the numbers in the first paragraph to ______. A. call people to pay attention to the problem of water security B. indicate the effect of the water problem on the people of Flint C. highlight the good memory of the average people of Flint D. urge the government to financially help people of Flint 57. What should be responsible for the water problem in Flint? A. Insufficient water supply equipment. B. Shortage of financial aid. C. The unhealthy source of water. D. Local people’s improper lifestyle. 58. From the passage we know that ______. A. the water supply in Flint has been switched back. B. the pollution in the Flint River is out of control C. residents in Flint were convinced of the water safety D. the water crisis has caused several deaths so far 59. Which of the following might the author agree with? A. The residents exaggerated the negative impact of the water crisis. B. The government officials are wrongly blamed for the water crisis. C. The residents should share the cost of improving the water supply system. D. The government should reassure people of its reliability. 【答案】56. B 57. C 58. A 59. D 【解析】 本文为说明文。本文讲述了美国弗林特市的生活用水安全问题及治理措施。 【56题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“For the residents of Flint, Michigan, USA., the burden of the ongoing water crisis can be measured in weight(对于美国密歇根州弗林特市的居民来说，持续的水危机 的负担可以用重量来衡量).”和第二段第一句“For more than a year, many Flint residents have been making the daily journey to distribution centers to load up on cases of water for virtually every basic chore: bathing, brushing teeth, making dinner(一年多来，许多弗林特居民每 天都要前往配送中心，为几乎每一项基本家务——洗澡、刷牙、做饭——准备一箱箱的水).” 可知，弗林特遭遇水危机，为了生计，他们不得不前往配送中心去取水，作者在第一段中提 到的数字表明了水问题对弗林特人的影响，故选 B。 【57题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Twelve months ago, the city government decided to switch the water supply to the Flint River, which allowed lead and other toxins from the city’s aging pipes to flow into residents’ taps(12 个月前，市政府决定将供水转向弗林特河，这使得该市老化管道中的 铅和其他毒素流入居民的水龙头).”可知是不健康的水源导致了弗林特的水问题，故选 C。 【58题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“The city has since switched its water source back to Detroit’s properly treated supply, and test results have started showing signs of normalcy(该市已经将水源 重新转向经过妥善处理的底特律供水，检测结果也开始显示出恢复正常的迹象).”可知，弗 林特的供水已被调回，故选 A。 【59题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“But even with new infrastructure (基础设施), the real challenge in Flint may be restoring public confidence in the face of immeasurable distrust(但即使有了新的基 础设施，弗林特的真正挑战可能是在难以估量的不信任面前恢复公众信心).”可知，作者认 为政府应该努力让人们相信它的可靠性，以恢复公众信任。故选 D。 (B) Interested in learning simple moves which can lead to a less stressed-out you? Join our eight-week course of training Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction. Below is a brief introduction of our four strategies to build the ability to recover from stress. For many of us, work can be so mentally exhausting that it’s possible to forget that we have an entire body attached to our head. The body-scan meditation is a chance to help you tune in to the tiny pains that we often don’t even notice. It can last anywhere from one to 20 minutes, and it’s easy to do while lying in bed. Here’s how to do it: lie down or sit still in a chair with your eyes closed, and begin to sense every part of the body in turn, starting at your toes and traveling up from there. It’s a good way for us to release tension we don’t even realize we’re experiencing. Mindfulness isn’t all closed eyes and a statue-still position. Stretching , too, can be meditation. Mindful movement is also a way to pay attention. The point isn’t to twist into a complex body position, but to better understand the body’s limits and potential. Cycle through slow, gentle poses, like placing a knee to your chest while lying on your back, or a simple cat-cow (pictured) on all fours. Before you start, set aside a few minutes to calm down and focus on your breath. And once you’re done, spend a few moments lying flat on your back with your muscles relaxed. Simply breathing while paying attention to the breath is the heart of any mindfulness practice. The goal isn’t to clear the mind but to let thoughts pass like clouds without getting sucked into what they might mean. Rather than identifying with a thought or getting caught up in it, the participant notices the thought and then says goodbye to it. That way, people can have a little bit more freedom in how to respond to internal stimuli like their thoughts. To cultivate awareness of the breath, find a relaxed seat and notice—without thinking about it or trying to change it—how you breathe in and out. Build up to a 15-to-20-minute practice. Walking is a good framework for practicing mindfulness. (Ideally, this should be done without the pressure of having to get anywhere on a particular schedule.) Find a quiet place inside or outdoors to take your stroll. While you walk, focus on each small, slow step: the lifting of one foot, the heel-first transfer of weight, the shift to the other. Every time your foot hits the ground, bring your attention to your breath and the feelings in your body. Walking meditation is more manageable than, say, sitting still in the dark, and it can also alleviate pain in the process. Try to practice mindful walking, at any pace, for 10 to 30 minutes. 60. Gentle Yoga and Breathing Exercise are similar in that both of them ______. A. involve stretching bodies considerably B. call for controlling people’s breath C. empty pressure from mind temporarily D. help people reduce body movement 61. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? A. People can do their walking meditation at their own pace. B. Doing body scan can let go of the unnoticed tension. C. Before doing gentle yoga, people need to lie down and relax muscles. D. Breathing exercise requires people to breathe in a usual way. 62. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A. Warming up activity is required before doing these exercises. B. These exercises are better functioned when done indoors. C. The more time you spend on the exercises, the better result you get. D. Your body keeps in a motionless state when doing body scan. 【答案】60. B 61. C 62. D 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了为了减轻压力的训练课程中包含的四种策略方法。 【60题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Gentle Yoga 部分 “Before you start, set aside a few minutes to calm down and focus on your breath.”（在你开始之前，花几分钟时间冷静下来，专注于你的呼吸。）以及 Breathing Exercise部分 “Simply breathing while paying attention to the breath is the heart of any mindfulness practice.” （在注意呼吸的同时简单地呼吸是任何正念练习的核心。）可知，舒缓 瑜伽和呼吸训练一样，都要求控制好呼吸。故选 B项。 【61题详解】 推理判断题。根据 Gentle Yoga 部分 “Before you start, set aside a few minutes to calm down and focus on your breath. And once you’re done, spend a few moments lying flat on your back with your muscles relaxed.”（在你开始之前，花几分钟时间冷静下来，专注于你的呼吸。完成后， 平躺一会儿，放松肌肉。）可知，在做完瑜伽后才需要平躺一会儿，放松肌肉，而不是在做 瑜伽之前，C 项表述错误。故选 C项。 【62题详解】 推理判断题。根据 Body Scan部分 “Here’s how to do it: lie down or sit still in a chair with your eyes closed.”（方法如下：躺下或一动不动地坐在椅子上。）可推知，在进行身体扫描冥想活 动时，身体需要处于一动不动的静止状态。故选 D项。 (C) The story of the emperor’s new clothes is one of Andersen’s best-known fables. Conmen (骗 子) fool the emperor into believing they have made him a fabulous suit that the unworthy will be unable to see. Courtiers (侍从) dare not say that the emperor is naked; it takes a child to point out the obvious. The moral is that people are often too hidebound by social tradition to state their views. How many companies have ploughed ahead with expensive projects that were favoured by the chief executive, even when other managers have had doubts? People from different backgrounds approach problems from different angles—that much should be blindingly obvious. It is not just about selecting people for teams from both sexes and various ethnicities. Hire only Cambridge politics graduates or Harvard MBAs or Stanford software engineers and they will have studied under the same professors and absorbed similar world views regardless of their gender or skin colour. In the modern world, with all its complexity, co-operation is essential if breakthroughs are to be made. In science and engineering, 90% of papers are now written by teams rather than individuals. Analysis of American patent fillings since 1975 showed teams dominate in every one of the 36 defined categories. There is another element to selecting a good team: ensuring that those viewpoints are heard and respected. That may not happen if those in charge are overbearing. A study of over 300 projects by the Rotterdam School of Management found that those led by junior managers were more likely to succeed than those led by senior managers—maybe because other team members were less scared about pointing out potential dangers to someone lower down the pecking order (权力等级). The ability to speak up within an organization, without fear of punishment, is known as “psychological safety”. Mr. Syed cites a study of teams at Google, which found that self-reported psychological safety was by far the most important factor behind successful teamwork at the technology giant. One way to overcome shyness while brainstorming, for instance, is for everyone to write down their ideas but ensure their names are never known. That way, opinions about thoughts are less closely tied to the seniority of the thinker and can be tested against each other with less fear or favour. 63. The author mentioned one of Andersen’s best-known fables to ______. A. confirm the popularity of Andersen’s fables B. argue children’s wisdom over adults C. indicate the importance of different opinions D. make fun of the foolishness of some people 64. By using the word “hidebound” the author is referring to those who ______. A. close themselves to a fixed mind B. pay more attention to other’s behavior C. advocate traditional way of thinking D. hesitate to participate in team activities 65. According to the passage, which of the following makes an effective team? A. Employing graduates from the same excellent university. B. Appointing senior managers with the right of leading a team. C. Establishing a team with people of various backgrounds. D. Hiring people assembling their chief executives in thoughts. 66. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A. Co-operation and teamwork contribute to the complexity of the world. B. The less identity a person releases the more he is ready to air views. C. Viewpoints from different perspectives are likely to cause conflicts. D. There exists the danger of pecking order in a team led by junior managers. 【答案】63. C 64. A 65. C 66. B 【解析】 本文为议论文。短文谈论鼓励各抒己见于公司有利。 【63题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“The story of the emperor’s new clothes is one of Andersen’s best-known fables. Conmen (骗子) fool the emperor into believing they have made him a fabulous suit that the unworthy will be unable to see. Courtiers (侍从) dare not say that the emperor is naked; it takes a child to point out the obvious.”皇帝 的新衣故事是安徒生最著名的寓言之一。骗子愚弄皇帝，让他相信他们已经为他做了一套神 话般的西装，不配的人是看不到的。朝臣不敢说皇帝是赤身裸体的，明摆着要孩子来指点。 第二段“The moral is that people are often too hidebound by social tradition to state their views(这个道理是人们常常受社会传统的束缚而不能发表自己的观点).”可知，作者提到安 徒生的著名寓言《皇帝的新衣》来说明不同意见的重要性，故选 C。 【64题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第一段“Courtiers (侍从) dare not say that the emperor is naked; it takes a child to point out the obvious. (朝臣不敢说皇帝是裸体的，只有孩子才能指出显而易见的事 实。)”，可知《皇帝的新衣》寓意是指人们常常受社会传统的束缚而“墨守成规”，不去 发表自己的观点，选项 A. close themselves to a fixed mind符合题意，故选 A。 【65题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“People from different backgrounds approach problems from different angles—that much should be blindingly obvious. It is not just about selecting people for teams from both sexes and various ethnicities. Hire only Cambridge politics graduates or Harvard MBAs or Stanford software engineers and they will have studied under the same professors and absorbed similar world views regardless of their gender or skin colour. (来自不同背景的人会从不同的角度看待问 题，这应该是显而易见的。当然，不仅仅是根据不同性别和不同种族来挑选团队成员（尽管 实际如此）。如果一家公司只聘用剑桥大学政治系毕业生（或哈佛大学工商管理硕士、或斯 坦福大学软件工程师），虽然他们有着不同的性别和肤色，但他们将在相同的教授的指导下 学习，并将有着相似的世界观。).”由此判断出，建立一个由不同背景的人组成的团队才是 一个有效的团队，故选 C。 【66题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第一段“The ability to speak up within an organization, without fear of punishment, is known as “psychological safety”(在一个组织内，不惧怕惩罚而畅所欲言的能力 被称为心理安全 )”和最后一段“One way to overcome shyness while brainstorming, for instance, is for everyone to write down their ideas but ensure their names are never known. That way, opinions about thoughts are less closely tied to the seniority of the thinker and can be tested against each other with less fear or favour(例如，在团队开展头脑风暴时，克服羞怯的一个办 法是让所有人写下自己的想法，但确保匿名。如此一来，团队成员看待想法时就不会那么多 地考虑提出者的资历，因而能较为不偏不倚地对比检验这些想法).”可知，一个人暴露的身 份越少，他就越愿意发表意见。故选 B。 Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Are You a Prisoner of Perfection? Do you struggle for a goal that is beyond your reach? Do you hold an idealized vision that is impossible to realize? Are you setting yourself up for failure and shame when you can’t achieve the unachievable? ___67___ Shame and fear are often the hidden drives of perfection. We believe that if we fashion a perfectly polished personality, flash our intelligence, and perfect our humour, then no one can hurt us with criticism and we’ll win respect and approval. For the majority of us, the addiction to staying perfect protects us from any sign of being imperfect. ____68____We fear that showing shortcomings will expose us to the accusation that we’re weak. We stick to a desire to be right, perfect, and polished, even when it’s obvious that the emperor has no clothes. Perfectionism keeps us leaning toward the future. We’re constantly evaluating ourselves in order to be better. There’s nothing wrong with wanting to do our best and self-correcting along the way. ____69____We get painfully self-conscious and take ourselves too serious. Sadly, the simple pleasure of enjoying the moment and being ourselves are taken away from us. A cure to perfectionism is to make room for our human shortcomings.We realize that failing at any enterprise doesn’t mean that we are a failure. Without failures, we’ll never learn from our mistakes; we’ll never move forward in our lives. Those who succeed have made countless mistakes. ____70____ Being human, perfection is impossible. By accepting ourselves as we are and doing our best, we begin to rid of the shame that drives perfectionism. A. By definition, perfection is the state of mind which drives us to move forwards. B. However, if we can’t relax and enjoy lighter moments, then we become prisoners of our perfectionism. C. To some extent, your answers to these questions reveal your personalities as well as your attitude towards life. D. We often display a desperate need to be right and refuse to acknowledge mistakes or uncertainty. E. The important thing is to learn from our error, forgive ourselves and move on. F. Understanding what drives perfection is the first step toward releasing this self-created obstacle that keeps us stuck. 【答案】67. F 68. D 69. B 70. E 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章解释了导致完美主义心理的原因及危害，并给出了如何治愈完美主义 心理的方法。 【67题详解】 第一段通过三个问句的形式列举的事例恰好属于 F项中提到的“self-created obstacle（自创的 障碍）”，第二段第一句“Shame and fear are often the hidden drives of perfection.（羞耻和恐惧 往往是追求完美的隐藏驱动力。）”中的 the hidden drives of perfection 与选项 F 中的“what drives perfection（驱动追求完美的力量）”相呼应，故 F 选项“理解是什么驱动着完美，这 是我们摆脱自我制造的阻碍的第一步。”切题。故选 F项。 【68题详解】 第三段句首的“the addiction to staying perfect（对保持完美的痴迷）”与 D项中的“a desperate need to be right（一种对正确的迫切需要）”意义相近；而 D项中的“mistakes or uncertainty（错 误或不确定性）”也正是第三段句首提出的“any sign of being imperfect（任何不完美的迹象）” 的具体表现。D项内容是对前一句内容的进一步解释。故 D 选项“我们常常表现出一种对正 确的迫切需要，拒绝承认错误或不确定性”切题。故选 D项。 【69题详解】 空前的“There’s nothing wrong with wanting to do our best and self-correcting along the way.（想 要做到最好并在过程中自我纠正并没有错。）”对追求完美的行为进行了肯定，而空后的“We get painfully self-conscious and take ourselves too serious.（我们会痛苦地感到难为情，把自己 看得太严肃。）”却指出了追求完美的消极后果，显然设空处需填入表示转折和过渡的句子， B项句首的“However”起到了转折的作用，且该项内容也指出了完美主义的消极后果。故 B 选项“然而，如果我们不能放松和享受轻松的时刻，那么我们就会成为完美主义的囚徒。” 切题。故选 B项。 【70题详解】 最后一段空前的“Those who succeed have made countless mistakes.（成功的人犯过无数的错 误。）”，设空处应解释“成功的人是如何在犯了无数错误之后仍然取得成功的”，选项 E中的 内容既解答了这个疑问，又与前文“Without failures, we’ll never learn from our mistakes; we’ll never move forward in our lives.（没有失败，我们就永远不会从错误中吸取教训;我们的生活 永远不会向前。）”说法一致，故 E选项“重要的是从错误中吸取教训，原谅自己，继续前进” 切题。故选 E项。 IV. Summary Writing 71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Perhaps you’ve heard the old saying “curiosity killed the cat.” It’s a phrase that’s often used to warn people, especially children, not to ask too many questions. Yet it’s widely agreed that curiosity actually makes learning more effective. In fact, research has shown that curiosity is just as important as intelligence in determining how well students do in school. Curiosity can also lead us to make unexpected discoveriesand open up new possibilities. In science, basic curiosity-driven research can have unexpected important benefits. For example, one day in 1831, Michael Faraday was playing around with a coil (线圈) and a magnet (磁铁) when he suddenly saw how he could produce an electrical current. The discovery changed the world. However, curiosity is currently under the biggest threat, coming from technology. On one level, this is because technology has become so advanced that many of us are unable to think too deeply about how exactly things work anymore. In addition to this, there’s the fact that we all now connect so deeply with technology, particularly with our phones. The more we stare at our screens, the less we talk to other people directly. All too often we accept the images of people that social media provides up with. Then we feel we know enough about a person not to need to engage further with them. The final—and perhaps most worrying—way in which technology stops us from asking more has to do with algorithms, the processes followed by computers. As we increasingly get our news via social media, algorithms find out what we like and push more of the same back to us. That means we end up inside our own little bubbles, no longer coming across new ideas. Perhaps the real key to developing curiosity in the 21st century, then, is to rely less on the tech tools of our age. 【答案】Curiosity determines one’s academic performance and can lead to new discoveries. However, technology seriously endangers curiosity . It prevents people from thinking deeply and engaging with each other . Worst of all, it keeps feeding us what it thinks we like instead of exposing us to new ideas. Therefore, to develop curiosity, we need to rely less on technology. (57 words) 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了好奇心在人们学习新知识和发现新事物方面的促进作用，并 指出现代技术的日益发达对人们好奇心的消极影响。 【详解】1 要点摘录①Curiosity is just as important as intelligence in determining how well students do in school. ②Technology has become so advanced that many of us are unable to think too deeply about how exactly things work anymore. ③Then we feel we know enough about a person not to need to engage further with them. ④As we increasingly get our news via social media, algorithms find out what we like and push more of the same back to us. ⑤Perhaps the real key to developing curiosity in the 21st century, then, is to rely less on the tech tools of our age. 2.缜密构思： 将第 1、2两个要点进行重组，将第 3、4两个要点进行整合，将第 5 个要点 作为总结。 3.遣词造句 ①Curiosity determines one’s academic performance and can lead to new discoveries. ②Technology prevents people from thinking deeply and engaging with each other . ③Technology keeps feeding us what it thinks we like instead of exposing us to new ideas. ④We need to rely less on technology. 【点睛】[高分句型 1] It prevents people from thinking deeply and engaging with each other . 运 用一个简单句对原文第三段和第四段进行了概括。其中 prevent sb. from doing sth.这个固定短 语的运用显得很高级。thinking和 engaging两个动名词作 from的宾语。 [高分句型 2] Worst of all, it keeps feeding us what it thinks we like instead of exposing us to new ideas. 用一个复杂的主从复合句概括了第五段内容。其中 what引导宾语从句、固定短语 instead of和 expose sb. to sth.的使用非常巧妙。 V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72. 游客不仅能品尝这里的美食，还能免费观看地方戏曲。(free)（汉译英） 【答案】Visitors can not only taste the delicious food here , but also enjoy the free local opera . . 【解析】 【详解】考查 not only …, but also …并列结构。“游客”译为：visitor，因为不止一名游客， 所以要用复数形式；情态动词 can 表示“能”，“品尝美食” 译为：taste the delicious food， “免费观看地方戏曲”译为：enjoy the free local opera。not only和 but also 需放在情态动词之 后，实义动词之前，故整句翻译为：Visitors can not only taste the delicious food here , but also enjoy the free local opera. 73. 长辈们常不厌其烦地叮嘱我们要趁年轻多学本领，勤读书。(while) （汉译英） 【答案】The elders repeatedly tell us to obtain more skills and study diligently while we are young . 【解析】 【详解】考查状语从句、短语和时态。此处为 while引导的时间状语从句，从句为“主系表” 句型，时态为一般现在时；主句主语为 the elders，表示“长辈们”；表示“告诉某人做某 事”短语为 tell sb. to do sth.，副词 repeatedly修饰动词 tell，作状语；表示“多学本能”可翻 译为 obtain more skills；表示“勤读书”可翻译为 study diligently，主句用一般现在时。故翻 译为 The elders repeatedly tell us to obtain more skills and study diligently while we are young. 74. 如果沉溺于虚拟世界，疏于人际交流，你会感觉与周围的一切格格不入。(addict) （汉 译英） 【答案】If you addict yourself to the virtual world and neglect interpersonal communication , you will find it hard to adapt yourself to the things around you . 【解析】 【详解】考查状语从句、固定短语和时态。本句为 if引导的条件状语从句，从句中表示“沉 溺于……”短语为 addict oneself to sth.；表示“虚拟世界”短语为 virtual world；表示“疏于 人际交流”可翻译为 neglect interpersonal communication；主句中主语为 you，后跟“find it+adj+to do sth.”结构，it作形式宾语，不定式为真正宾语；此处“感觉与周围的一切格格 不入”可理解为“难以适应……”用短语 hard to adapt oneself to；主句应用一般将来时，从 句用一般现在时表将来。故翻译为 If you addict yourself to the virtual world and neglect interpersonal communication , you will find it hard to adapt yourself to the things around you . 75. 这部电影制作成本低，既无大牌明星出镜，也无复杂的故事情节，但主人公对故乡深深 的依恋之情令观众动容。 (neither…nor) （汉译英） 【答案】Although this was a low-cost film , with neither famous stars (in it) nor complicated plot , the audience was greatly moved by the deep love of the main character to his hometown . 【解析】 【详解】考查状语从句、固定短语和时态。本句为 although引导的让步状语从句，从句为“主 系表”结构，同时使用 with 表伴随，描述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时，表示“制作成 本低”可用形容词 low-cost，作定语修饰名词 film；结合句意表示“既不……也不……”短 语为 neither…nor…；表示“大牌明星”可翻译为 famous stars；表示“复杂的故事情节”可 翻译为 complicated plot；主句中主语为名词 audience，与谓语动词 move构成被动关系，且 描述过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时的被动语态，且谓语动词用单数；表示“主人公”短 语为 main character；表示“对故乡深深的依恋之情”可翻译为 the deep love to hometown。 故翻译为：Although this was a low-cost film , with neither famous stars (in it) nor complicated plot , the audience was greatly moved by the deep love of the main character to his hometown . VI. Guided Writing 76. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是李华。你们班级将要召开一次由全体家长和学生共同参加的家长会，为此正在征求 本次家长会的主题和主要的活动。请你发邮件给班长，提出你设计的活动主题和主要活动安 排，并简要说说主题和活动的意义。 【答案】Dear monitor, It’s almost the end of our high school years. I would like to call for a class meeting with the topic “For our dreams”. All the students and out teachers will take part in it. For one thing , the college entrance examination is coming and we will be apart, which may have a bad effect on our mind. We will hold a warm discussion about our future life. Each of us speak at the meeting actively. Besides, we also will show our sincere thanks to our teachers. They have been devoting themselves to helping us in study and life. Teachers hope that we can still study hard in the future and come back to high school often. After the discussion, we will all decide to study hard as usual and hope that we all can do well in the college entrance examination. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【分析】 本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给班长写封邮件，提出你设计的活动主题和主要活动安 排，并简要说说主题和活动的意义。 【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：应用文 时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般将来时。 结构：总分法 总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。 要求： 你们班级将要召开一次由全体家长和学生共同参加的家长会，为此正在征求本次家长会的主 题和主要的活动。请你发邮件给班长，提出你设计的活动主题和主要活动安排，并简要说说 主题和活动的意义。 第二步：列提纲（重点词组） the end of; call for; take part in; college entrance examination; have a bad effect on; warm discussion; each of; sincere thanks; devote oneself to doing sth.; in the future; decide to; do well in; 第三步：连词成句 1.It’s almost the end of our high school years. 2. I would like to call for a class meeting with the topic “For our dreams”. 3. All the students and out teachers will take part in it. 4. For one thing, the college entrance examination is coming and we will be apart, which may have a bad effect on our mind. 5. We will hold a warm discussion about our future life. 6. Each of us speak at the meeting actively. 7. Besides, we also will show our sincere thanks to our teachers. 8. They have been devoting themselves to helping us in study and life. 9. Teachers hope that we can still study hard in the future and come back to high school often. 10. After the discussion, we will all decide to study hard as usual and hope that we all can do well in the college entrance examination. 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。 第四步：连句成篇（衔接词） 1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second（供参考） 2.表并列补充关系：Besides 3.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result（供参考） 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。 【点睛】[高分句型 1] For one thing, the college entrance examination is coming and we will be apart, which may have a bad effect on our mind. (运用了 which引导非限制性定语从句) [高分句型 2] Teachers hope that we can still study hard in the future and come back to high school often. (运用了 that引导宾语从句)