2013届高考英语一轮常用结构汇总复习讲义(四)

2013届高考英语一轮常用结构汇总复习讲义(四)

2013 届高考英语一轮常用结构汇总复习讲义（四） 1：instead of 代替…… (1) instead of + n. / pron. Give me the red one instead of the green one. (2) instead of + doing We walked down the stairs instead of taking the elevator. (3) instead of + 介词短语 He studies in the evening instead of during the day. [比较] (1) instead adv. 作为替代，代替 If Harry is not well enough to go with you, take me instead. (2) rather than 而不是，与其……宁愿 He ran rather than walked. (3) in place of 代替，……而不用 The Chinese use chopsticks in place of knives and forks. 2：means means 手段，方法.作名词讲时一定要注意单复数同形 All possible means have been tried. 一切可能的办法都已经被尝试过了。 The quickest means of travel is by air. 最快捷的旅行方式是乘飞机。 相关归纳： (1)by means of 用，依靠 She could not speak, but made her wishes known by means of signs. 她不会说话，但手势表达了她的愿望 (2)by all means 一定，务必; 当然 By all means I must visit my sick friend. 我一定得去探望我生病的朋友。 ---May I stay at home from school? 我可以呆在家里不去上学吗？ ---By all means. 当然可以 。 (3)by no means 决不，并未 I can by no means pretend to be pleased with this behavior. 我决不能假装对这种行为表示满意。 。 (4) by this/that means 通过这种或那种方法 Only by this means can you succeed. 只有用这个方法你才能成功。 注意：means, method, way, approach 的区别 (1)means 指为达到一个目的或产生某种结果而采用的方法、手段，一般与介词 by 搭配即： by this/that means。means 后接 to do sth. 或 of doing sth. 做定语 (2)way 是最普通常用的词，一般与介词 in 搭配即：in this/that way。way 后接 to do sth. 或 of doing sth. 做定语 The way he thought of to solve the problem is reasonable.= The way he thought of of solving the problem is reasonable. 他想出的解决这个问题的方法是合理的。 (3)method 强调强调系统的理论的方法，一般与介词 with 搭配即：with this/that method。 method 后接 of doing sth. 做定语 Our teacher always changes his teaching methods to make his lessons interesting. 为了让他的可更有吸引力我们的老师经常改变教学方法。 (4) approach 常指解决问题或取得成功的方法。Approach 后只接 to+ n.或 to + doing sth. 做 定语。 The only approach to solving the problem is to turn to others for help. 解决这个问题的唯一办法是向别人求助。 3：what 引导的名词性从句用法列析 What 引导主、宾、表、和同位语从句时，what 要在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成 分。what＝the thing(s) that 或 somebody that What surprised me most was that such a little girl could play the violin so well. （在从句作中主 语） That’s what he is worried about.（what＝the thing that 在从句作中宾语） I have no idea what I should do next.. （在从句作中宾语） He is no longer what he used to be（what=the person that 在从句作中表语） 注意：what 与 that 的区别 引导主、宾、表语和同位语从句时，what 要充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分，that 不作 任何成分，而只在语法上起连接作用。例如 That the former Iraq president Saddam was captured has been proved. 强化练习 1. My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it. A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found. 变式 1. ---How much longer _____ here? ---- Another three days. A. are you staying B. do you stay C. have you stayed D. did you stayed 变式 2. “Do you live in the city?” “No. I ____ here until my holiday is over.” A. will visit B. has visited C. am visiting D .visited 变式 3.--You are drinking too much. No one ____ me but you. It is at home. A. sees B. is seeing C. has seen D. saw 变式 4.The teacher think highly of Tom who _____others. A. helps B. always helps C. is always helping D. always helped 解析： 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用 完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。答案：D 变式 1. 现在进行时可表示将来安排好的活动或事件,常见的动词有 arrive, come, go, leave, return, stay, travel, play 等，并常与表将来的时间状语连用. 答案：A 变式 2.该题考查现在进行时的“表示说话的时候正在进行并且有可能持续的将来某一个时间 之前。”这一中用法。答案 C. 变式 3. 有些动词不用于现在进行时其中包括表结果的感官动词: see, notice, hear 等。答案： A 变式 4. 现在进行时与 always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在 的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。答案：C 2. His mother had thought it would be good for his character to ______ from home and earn some money on his own. A. run away B. take away c. keep away D. get away 变式 1. He invited me to go for a swim, but I don’t know how to _____it ,because I had no time. A. run away B. take away c. keep away D. get away 解析：2. get away from:表示离开某地或避开责备,惩罚或灾难而顺利行事.答案：D 变式 1.该句意思是“他邀请我去游泳，由于没时间我不想去，但是不知道如何摆脱” get away from 在该句中表示避开或回避某事。答案：D 3. Our hometown has changed a lot, and now it is quite different from _____ a few years ago. A. what it used to be B. that it used to be C. which it used to be D. what was it 变式 1. He is no longer ___ he used to be. . A. who B. what C. which D. that 变式 2. He is no longer the person ___ he used to be. . A. who B. what C. which D. that 解析:3. what 引导主、宾、表、和同位语从句时，what 要在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语 等句子成分。一定要注意的是 what 不引导定语从句所以当空格前有名词做先行词的时候就 一定不会采用 what 作为答案了。同时在学习的时候要注意 what 与 that 的区别。介词 from 后面是一个宾语从句，分析所给的选项可以看出，be 应该带有自己的表语意思才能完整这 样 B、D 两项错误，C 项不符合题意。正确答案是：A。 变式 1. 该题考查“What 引导表位语从句，what 在从句中充当表语”这一用法。答案：B 变式 2. the person 后接了一个定语从句，该定语从句缺少表语，四个选项中能在定语从句 中做表语的词只有 that. 答案：D 4. Taking a plane is the quickest ____ to get to Tibet. A. mode B. manner C. means D. method 变式 1. The _____ to making great progress is to practice more. A. approach B. manner C. means D. method 变式 2. The way he thought of _____the problem is right. A. to work out B. working C. to be worked D. having worked 变式 3. Every possible means____ tried, but the problem still can’t be settled . A. was tried B . has been tried C. have been tried D. were tried 解析：4. means, method, way, approach 的区别是考查名词区别时经常考查的知识点。要从两 个方面掌握它们的用法（1）与什么样的介词搭配；（2）后接什么形式做定语。means 是指 为达到一个目的或产生某种结果而采用的方法、手段，后可接 to do sth. 或 of doing sth. 做 定语，符合题意的选项只有 C。 变式 1.四个选项中只有 approach 后可接 to doing sth. 做定语。答案：A 变式 2. he thought of 是定语从句，省略之后其实是考查 the way 后接什么结果做定语。 根据 way 后接 to do sth. 或 of doing sth. 做定语可知答案为 A 变式 3. means 作名词时单复同形，由于前面有 every 修饰可以确定该题中 means 是单 数，谓语动词用单数，并且要用现在完成时。答案：B 5. You will succeed in the end ________you give up halfway. A. even if B .. as though C. as long as D. unless 变式 1. They will stay inside unless it _______tomorrow. A . stops raining B. stops to rain C. will stop raining D .will stop to rain 变式 2. You will succeed in the end ________you don’t give up halfway. A. even if B .. as though C. as long as D. unless 变式 3. Don’t be afraid of asking for help _____ it is needed . A. unless B. since C. although D. when 解析：5. 该题意思是“如果你不半路放弃的话，你就能取得成功。”考查的是 unless 引导的 条件状语从句时 unless=if not 的用法。答案：D 变式 1. unless 引导的状语从句时，要用一般现在时表示将来的动作或状态。答案：A 变式 2. 该题意思是“只要你不半路放弃，你就会取得成功。”as long as=so long as “只 要” 答案：C 变式 3. when 可以引导条件状语从句用法与 if 相同。再如：When children won’t listen to me, what shall I do?答案：D 6. The news _____ our team was defeated in the final . A. which B. that C. what D. 不填 变式 1. The news _____ he brought is of great importance. Which of the following is wrong? A. which B. that C. what D. 不填 变式 2.There is a common belief among the parents _____ schools are no longer careful with students’ handwriting. A. who B. that C. what D. 不填 解析：1. 同位语从句是重要的考点之一，复习时要抓住以下几个方面：（1）同位语从句一 般不缺句子成分；（2）同位语从句的引导词；（3）同位语从句与定语从句的区别。that 引导 同位语从句的连词虽然在从句中无意义，但是不可以省略。答案：B 变式 1.that 引导定语从句时先行词（名词或代词）在定语从句中可以充当一定的句子成分， 这时 that 等于 which, 还可以省略。答案：D 变式 2. 该题是考查比较复杂的同位语从句，也就是说同位语从句与名词之间加了 among the parents 这样的干扰成份。that 引导同位语从句的连词虽然在从句中无意义，但是 不可以省略。答案：B 自测试题 1. I got to know from the_____ that most companies would like to employ workers with rich _____. A. experience; experience B. experiences; experiences C. experiences; experience D. experience; experiences 2． He is clever, but ________, he makes many mistakes. A. on other hand B. on the other hand C. on another hand D. in the other hand 3. Billions of birds of over 270 species go long distances from these places to the Boreal where they raise young in ____ is known as North American Bird Nursery . A. that B. where C. what D . which 4. ________ away from the noise, he was considering ________ to the country. A. To be; moving B. Being; moving C. Being; to move D. To be; to moving 5. It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood _____- to her mother. A. close B. closely C. closed D. closing 解析：1. 第一空表示经历，第二空表示经验。答案：C 2. on the other hand 为另一方面，所以答案为 B 3. in 后接了一个名词性从句做宾语，由于该从句缺少主语所以要采用 what 为答案，也就是 说 what 不但引导了名词性从句而且在从句中做了主语。答案：C 4. consider 表示考虑时后接动名词所以答案为 A 5. 解析：stand close to 靠近站着.答案：D