2013年高考英语单选完形阅读高分密码

2013年高考英语单选完形阅读高分密码

2013 年高考英语单选完形阅读高分密码 单选题解题方法 1.突破思维定式。有一类类试题可称之为烫手山芋，当你还没看其它选项第一感觉就是选项 A 时，多半 是陷井，一定要多加注意。 2.克服母语干扰。有一类试题是每年高考错的最多的，答好的秘诀就是要克服母语干扰。 3. 温婉得体善交际。 4. 细微之处多注意。 5.一词多义须谨慎。考查一词多义，要根据外在的的形态判断词性，还要有一定的技巧。 6.句末信息丢不得。 7. 山重水复也有路。高考中有一类超纲题，主要是考查创新思维，要学会另辟蹊径解题。 8.利用技巧寻突破。这种方法主要针对解决人为陷井类的试题。 9. 毫厘之差归属乱。针对易混记型的实体，一定要比较辨析。 标点符号莫忽略。注意标点符号对于解读句子结构很有作用，所以利用标点符号判断答案至关重要。 完形填空解题方法 1.完形填空题命题的关键是拼图游戏，根据德国搭积木的原则出的。解题时就要让它怎么来再怎么去，要 重视段落的首句说什么，不要急于动手，找出文段主题，把相关要素串成一条线，就像串糖葫芦一样。 然后再解后面的题就容易多了。 2.放眼全篇，白送的饼拾不得。 3.统一范畴，取大舍小，找异类。大部分的完形填空是有解题的方法的，对于考英语知识的同义词辨析的 试题中，往往比较另类的一个词是正确选项。掌握这种方法后，原文一点不看，就可以做对半数以上。 例如哇魔力推出的一些答题技巧就是如此。 4.前瞻后视，神有源头车有辙。高考中有很多题都是前有提示后有暗示的，但是同学们经常忽略这些，经 常站在句子层面上从语言知识入手去做题，导致失误。 5.顺藤摸瓜，一条主线贯首尾。 6.语言准确褒贬得体，合角色。 7.符合文意，法语义要兼顾 8.复合检查，点线面要和谐 阅读理解解题方法 不认真阅读解题法。在做阅读理解时，很多老师总是会批评学生粗心，其实很多同学已经太过于认真 了。做阅读理解题时不能一点一点读，而是要略读。因为题目的是做后面的题，并不是要赏析文章，越 认真越容易患得患失，所以不要太认真。现在的高考趋势说明不要太认真，命题专家要求不要太认真， 考试规则也要求不能太认真。 1. 正确的方法是利用常识、经验解题答题。有些英语老师在高考前最后几天让学生看汉语文章，其实这 样的老师才是真正高明的，因为高考英语还多是考经验、考人文的东西。 2. 利用文章标题答题。我们学生少的就是利用标题的能力，其实标题是难得的一种资源，看了标题就不 用太看正文了。 3. 利用逆向思维知觉答题。 4. 利用非视觉信息知觉答题。 5. 利用首尾段落首尾句答题。 6.利用信号词答题。 7.利用命题漏洞答题。例如哇魔力推出的“第一绝密模型”就是如此。 8.利用语体物征答题。 9.警惕命题中常见的陷井。 做题顺序【这是读文章的重点，也是难点，一定多多练习】 1．扫描题干，确定题型，划出关键信息词。 2．扫描文章，划出以下内容。【阅读文章的主要目的：抓框架，抓考点】 (1)首段、各段首句、末段末句 (2)与提干信息词相关内容 (3)因果关系(because, thus, therefore 等) (4)转折关系 (but, however, yet) (5)强调信息：1)绝对词汇 2)比较级最高级 3)强调句 4)强信息词 (6)并列/列举：扫过标记 (7)举例：扫过，知目的 (8)指示性的具体信息： 1) 时间对比 2) 专有名词 3) 数字 3．再次阅读题目，联系文章，解决简单题目。 4．对于难以确定的题目，再次回原文反复的看相关的信息点。 略读 一篇文章的主题信息通常会出现在以下几处： 文章各段的首句和尾句 这些处于较明显、较特殊位置的句子往往是段落和文章的主题句，具有相当 大的重要性; 强转折处 通常以 but, however, rather, yet, instead 等词为标志，这些词汇后面的句子是主题性信息; 因果关系处 通常以 therefore, as a result, thus, so, That is why…等词语或句式为标志，这些词汇或句 式后面的句子是主题性信息; 递进处 通常以 moreover, furthermore, what’s more, what’s the most important, most important of all, most importantly 等词汇或短语为标志，这些词汇或短语后面出现的信息是被强调的信息，即主题信息出 现的地方; 例证处 通常以 for example, for instance, Let’s take…, Consider…等词汇、短语或句式为标志，这些 词汇、短语或句式表示举例，也是支持性的细节信息，位于例子前后的句子一般都是例子要说明的主题; 并列处 通常以 firstly, secondly…finally, some…others…, for one thing…for another, on the one hand…on the other hand 等组合为标志，这些组合都是支持性的细节信息，位于这些组合前后的句子一般 都是这些细节信息所要支持的主题。 跳读 可以作为略读的辅助。跳读旨在掌握文章的全貌和要点，但又不必将文章中所有的词句全部都 读进眼帘，句子中期补充说明、修饰限定作用的，在跳读过程中就可以略去不读。因此，跳读主要是为 了抓住句子的主干部分，忽略次要部分，这种阅读方法并不影响读者对于文章主题信息的把握。当主题 信息处是长难句时，这种方式尤为有效。 跳读可以分为以下三种形式： 根据特殊的标点符号提示，采用跳读法 文章中的标点符号都有其一定的含义。如：两个逗号之间是 插入成分或同位语;括号内表示举例或补充说明;冒号通常用来列举事物、附加解释说明性内容;破折号通常 放在解释性分句或句子前，或是用来列举前面总括的若干内容，或是放在解释性的插入语之前或之后 等。阅读时，可以将两个逗号之间的部分、括号内的部分、冒号后的部分、破折号后的部分和两个破折 号之间的部分省略不读; 根据句法结构，采用跳读法 主要是在遇到长难句时，抓住句子的主干部分，即主语部分、谓语部分 和宾语部分，而其它补充成分，即定语(从句)、状语(从句)和补语部分可以略去不读; 根据文章结构和组织形式及段落间逻辑关系、主题句等，采用跳读法 阅读时，重点关注主题句、表 明作者观点的词句，对于举例论证、引用论证、数据论证、正反论证、比喻论证等部分则一带而过，跳 过不读。 出题顺序 ①题目顺序基本与行文顺序一致 解题技巧:一般情况下，快速阅读的题目顺序与原文的行文顺序是保持一致的，也就是说，下一道题 的出处一般位于前一道题出处后面。总体的试题顺序与文章的行文顺序一致的。把握题目顺序与行文顺 序一致的基本规律，将节省我们的寻读时间。 ②数字、年代 解题技巧 1 数字和年代在文章中通常以阿拉伯叔祖的形式出现，在周围都是英文字母的背景中就显 得比较突出。因此，如果考题中含有数字，往往可以用来快速定位题目的出处。 解题技巧 2 数字和年代在文章中通常以阿拉伯数字的形式出现，但题干中可能对数字的形式有一定 改动，如在数字的精确性和模糊性上变化。这时需要主义从逻辑关系上正确理解数字之间的包含与被包 含关系。 ③第一次出现的人名、地名等专有名词 解题技巧： 专有名词以大写字母开头，在文章中显得比较突出，容易寻找。但是如果通篇都是讲与 这个专有名词有关的事情时，这个专有名词有可能在全文中多次出现，而题目中也多次出现，这时就不 建议用它来定位题目出处，而应该使用其他的定位词。 题型与信息词 1. 主旨题：询问主旨『无需信息词;放于最后答题』 2. 词汇题：询问词汇、短语或句子含义『询问内容为信息词』 3. 细节题：询问文中具体细节『信息词不确定』 4. 态度题：询问作者或他人对某物的态度『一般无信息词』 5. 推断题：对段落或全文进行推理『信息词不确定』 ●快速阅读原文作路标（划关键词），明确题型找题区（与题干有关的句子或段落），大部分题目 的题干都在原文题区的基础上进行了变通，使用了不同的表达方式：词性转化、同义、近义替代、反义 叙述、状语提示、概括总结、例子证明观点等。解答细节理解题，定位能力很重要；最基本方法是：定 位+改写=正确答案，就近原则，核心名词，缩小范围，同义替换！照抄原文的不是解，同义替换的是 解。 ●原文、问题、选项三者相比较，重要性最高的是问题！！！其次是选项！！最后是原文！必要性 思维——正确选项未必能充分完整地表达原文意思，而只要沾边即可。反之，不沾边的必错！问题中的 细节和小词是关键！注意小词，比如：题干主语是 people 就在文章中找 we,they；题干中有 used to 就 要找含过去式的 was，而不是 is，即使就近含关键字；题干中有 now 就到文章中找 today，题干中有 toy lions 就找 shopping 而不是 parks 或 forests，定位+改写=正确答案! ●概括的、抽象的、与中心思想核心名词沾边的是正确选项。在遇到两个意思很相近的选项时：特 别是假设 A 选项正确，还能推出 B 选项也正确的时候，究竟选哪个？要选 B 项！！因为 B 项的范围包括 了 A，即 B 大于 A，所以 B 正确。 ●some Much same certain still different 。。。 被动 measures should be taken 系表结构 It is in danger! There be 句型 将来时 3G mobile phone is coming 首末句原则，即首段和末段原则（不要怕重复和回读）首段的作用：①中心段 ②抛砖引玉. 定位+ 改写=正确答案! ●定位+改写=正确答案! 务必要用排除法。排除法在此类题型中发挥着不可磨灭的作用。根据在文 章中找到的事实依据和常识排除错误信息，再排除和文章中一词不差的信息(文章里的原句不会是推理判 断出来的结果，但通过同义词或句型转换过的选项有可能是正确答案)，最后再排除无关或偏离信息，正 确答案就不言而喻了。 解的十个特征 1、 体现中心思想（包括段落中心）的是解； 2、 照抄原文的不是解，同义替换的是解； 3、 含义不肯定的是解，如：can could may usually might most more or less be likely to； 含义绝对的不是解： must always never the most all any none 含义相反的是解； 4、 具体的不是解，概括性的、抽象的是解； 5、 带有 some 的是解：someone somebody sometime something certain； 6、 简单的不是解，复杂的是解，字面意思不是解，含义深刻的是解； 7、 带虚词的解： another other more either both also beside additional extra different same nearly not enough； 8、 “变化”是解：change delay improve increase； 9、 “重要的、基础的”是解：important necessary essential basis be based on； 10、 二选一：反义项有解；形似项有解；近义项有解 阅读文章的两大原则：知难而退、抓大放小 原文对等的思想：像【这个思想在做题时要时时体会，务必掌握】 1、错误选项不是让你不选的 2、正确选项不是让你选的 3、题干也不是随便出的 4、题目不是随便凑的 主旨题 1) 读文章时重点关注文章的首段和首末句。按照西方人习惯性的思维方式和写作习惯，他们惯用的 是演绎法：即文章一开始先扔出自己的核心观点，然后具体一步步论证。根据我的统计，每一段的第一 句、第二句和最后一句话为本段的主题句的概率分别为 50%、20%、20%，三句话成为主题句的概率超过 九 成 ， 当 然 也 就 成 为 我 们 阅 读 的 重 中 之 重 。 2) 关注一篇文章或者一段话中有没有重复出现的词或词组、有没有黑体字或者是斜体字。如果有， 通 常 这 就 是 文 章 的 核 心 概 念 。 3) 问句不会是主题句。问句通常作为过渡或者是引子，因此应该忽略，真正的主题应该是这个问题 的答案。 4)关注一些表征强转折关系的连词 “but, yet, however, in fact, indeed, practically, virtually”等，这些词后面连接的通常都是一段话的主题 句。 5) 关注一些表征总结性，结论性的词： “in brief/short, above/in/after/all in all, conclusion, to sum”等，这些词后面连接的通常也都是一段话的主 题句。 6) 如果主题句含有 show 和 suggest 等 词 ， 重 点 看 其 后 的 宾 语 从 句 。 7) 掌握一些词组强调的重点。 “not only…, but also ***, *** as well as …, more *** than …, less …, than *** (***为强调的重点)”。 A. 根据文章第一段或首句确定文章的主旨。新闻报道的第一段一般首先概括全文的中心，另外有些 说明性或议论性文章也会开门见山地提出文章的中心或阐述的观点，文章的第一句话或第一段就是对全 文主旨大意的概括。后文对此进一步解释说明，一般上具体的事例或信息，全文具有先总后分的特点。 我们在捕捉文章的主题句时，应该对包含主题句的段落进行适当的分析。 例：Fear and its companion pain are two of the most useful things that men and animals possess if they are properly used. If fire didn’t hurt when it burned, children would play with it until their hands were burned away. Similarly, if pain existed but fear didn’t, a child could burn itself again and again because fear would not warn it to keep away from the fire that had burnt it before. A really fearless soldier----and some do exist----is not a good soldier because he is soon killed; and a dead soldier is of no use to his army. Fear and pain are therefore two guards without which men and animals might soon die out.… Q: The best title for this passage should be____. A. No pains, No Gains B. Pain and Actions C. The Value of Fear D. The Reason Why People Fear [分析]： B. 主题句在篇尾。主题句位于段末的文章的特点是作者采用了先摆事实，后下结论的写作手法。作 者在表述细节后，归纳要点、结论、建议或结果，以概括主题。我们在做题时，要判断所读内容是细节 性的描述还是对所涉及问题的集中表达。如果文章首先提及的内容多为一般性的事实、细节的描写或具 体的事例，则对文章中心的归纳或作者观点及意图的体现极有可能在最后，可以重点细读最后一段，然 后回过头来利用主题句进一步理解文章的细节。 例：…Free time increased considerably following the shortening of the working week, i.e. from six days to five days, and from ten hours to eight hours a day. In fact, the working day couldn’t be too long, otherwise people wouldn’t have the time to spend their money. The amount of a family’s budget spent on outside entertainment, such as parties, films and concerts has increased from just under 6% in Ford’s day to about 9% today. On the other hand, we spend only a quarter of what our great-grandparents paid for reading materials. It is difficult to see how our spending patterns may change in the future. We already know that our population is aging and this will have an effect on the amount of money we spend on medical care. Q: What is the subject discussed in the text? A. Changing patterns in spending B. Changes in family planning C. Decrease in food demand D. Increase in family income [分析]： C. 主旨出现在文章的中间。在有些议论文或说明文中作者首先列举或说明人们的错误观点或认识误 区，然后再点明自己的观点或说明的中心，最后点题，这样文章的主题句就出现在篇中。 例：A close friend siad: “If I could only figure this out, I think I could find happiness.” I have heard this before and will hear it again I am sure. Many people believe that finding happiness is all about finding something else they want. Not many have ever found long term happiness by achieving another goal. The answer to finding happiness is to look within yourself. In other words, happiness is a completely inside job. The most important piece to finding happiness is to comprehend happiness is a choice and not the result of an experience. If all happiness could be found as the result of an acquisition(成就), meeting a goal, or having anything, then a person’s happiness would always be subject to something else. Q: Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Look within to find happiness. B. Happiness, a choice or the result of an experience? C. The definition of happiness D. How can we create happiness? [分析]： 细节题 阅读理解题目中的重量级选手。占的比重大，最少一篇文章考查 3 个，最多考查 5 个。 正确选项答题方法： (1)同义改写——词汇转换，含义相同 (2)同义转述——含义不同，本质相同 答题方法：干扰项 (1) 无中生有 (2) 偷梁换柱 (3) 自相矛盾 (4) 过于绝对 第一、二种是出题人常常采用的方法，尤其以第二种最难，对于干扰项，一定要掌握“像”这个特征， 这是核心。 关键信息词定位：同义、同形、混合定位。 绝对词出现的处理方式： (1)文章中：作为重点信息标记出。 (2)题干中：作为关键信息词标出。 (3)选项中：只有与文章一致方为正确选项。 (4)选项中：一般作为干扰选项出现; 假如与文章标记一致，才是正确选项。 绝对词：must, always, never, the most, all, no, each, only, have to, any(任何), completely, totally, hardly, every, rarely, seldom 不肯定语气词(作标记)：can, could, may, might, should, some, usually, might, most, often, more or less, relatively, be likely to, possible, possibly, perhaps, maybe, to some degree, seem A. 从原文直接找到答案所需的信息。在解答这类题时，我们可采用“对号入座”的方法。先找到原文 的关键信息，然后把原文中的信息跟后面的题目对照，即可得到答案。 例：…The new strategy involves fuel cells, which are devices that use chemical reactions to produce electrical currents. Researchers from St. Louis University used a type of protein called enzymes(酶). In the cells of living things, including people, enzymes are what spark chemical reactions. To keep up with the pace that our bodies demand, our cells constantly produce new enzymes as the old ones break down. Scientists had tried using enzymes in fuel cells before, but they had trouble keeping the electricity flowing. That’s because, unlike the enzymes in our cells, the enzymes in fuel cells break down faster than they can be replaced. To get around this problem, the St. Louis researchers invented molecules that wrap around an enzyme and protect it. Inside this molecular pocket, an enzyme can last for months instead of days. Q: Researchers have molecules wrap around an enzyme in order to____. A. make the enzymes in fuel cells break down slower B. produce enough enzymes to break down C. keep up with the pace that our bodies demand D. keep the enzymes in fuel cells from breaking down [分析]： B. 对信息进行加工。这类题目我们能够在文章中找到信息，但原文信息又不是做题所直接需要的， 需要我们对原文信息进行合理的加工处理，据此作简单推理。它是介于事实细节题和推理判断题之间的 一种题型。 例：In the summer of 1941, I was 5 years old. It was a time when the Nickles Bakery sent salesmen in red- and-white trucks door-to-door in our town of Greenville, Pennsylvania, selling baked goods. One day, a Nickles salesman drove his truck, loaded with goodies, into our driveway. He opened the rear doors, took out his display of baked goods and went into our home to offer my mother the specialties of the day. While he was inside, I sneaked around to the rear of his truck, with its doors wide open, and I took a package of oatmeal(燕麦) cookies, hurried to the rear of the house and ate the entire package of cookies. Soon, the truck sped away, and I never gave what I had done another thought…until 27 years later, during the summer of 1968. Q: In the 27 years after he ate the oatmeal cookies, the author____. A. felt sorry all the time B. tried to find the salesman and pay him C. never thought about what he had done D. often remembered the scene [分析]： C. 综合信息题。这类题目的信息不仅仅涉及文章的某一句话，还可能涉及文章的几句话，而且有时 可能散落在文章的不同段落，因此要求我们把原文提供的信息综合起来分析，不能断章取义，张冠李 戴。 例：I located the bakery and told the superintendent(主管) my story, expecting him to understand my plight and tally up the charges. I’d pay up and my conscience would be put at ease. Instead, he laughed out loud and said, “You mean to tell me that you want to pay for something that happened 27 years ago, when you were only 5 years old?” He laughed again and said, “Reverend(牧师), consider the debt paid.” I felt relieved and my conscience was right. Q: Why did the author feel his conscience was right in the end? A. Because he paid for those cookies, plus 27 years of interest. B .Because he was respected as a minister by the superintendent. C. Because the superintendent told him the debt had been paid. D. Because he was pardoned by the superintendent. [分析]: 推断题 提问中需含有词汇：infer，imply，Learn from，Conclude，Suggest，seen from 等 ★推断类型：全文推断，局部推断。 ★判断标准：题目出现位置;位置重于表述。 ★★什么是推断：(1)来自于原文相关处; (2)与其含义一致【注意，一定是原文对等】 ★★全文推断： 判断依据：(1)最后一题； (2)倒数第二题：假如最后一题为主旨题或者作者对全文的态度题时。 答题方法： 1. 对全文最后一段的推断。定位三句：最后一段最后一句(或倒数第二句)，最后一段主题句(可能是 第一句)，最后一段强调句。一般来讲，四选项中有涉及全文最后一段的相关内容，特别是全文最后一句 或者倒数第二句时，此为答案。 2. 对全文中心观点的推断。查找与中心观点一致的选项。 3. 对文中不同信息点的推断，逐个定位，进行推断。推断题目中最难的题目，数量少。 ★★局部推断： 分为两种：(1)根据给定段落进行推断(段落推断); (2)根据给定的某个信息进行推断(信息点推断)。 答题方法：定位信息点和作者观点。 ★干扰项：无根据推断(无中生有)，推断过头，推断错误(自相矛盾)。 需要强调的是：推断的本质：一定是来自原文，且含义一致。任何一个推断题，找不到定位处，或 者感觉模模糊糊，就要考虑是不是一个错误选项。 A. 写作意图题。有些文章作者不点明自己的写作意图，而是让读者自己去体会，这种情况多出现在 记叙文或夹叙夹议的文章中。 例：ALBANY, New York---- Students who rely on working at night to improve their grades might want to sleep on that strategy: a new survey in the U.S. says those who never study all night have slightly higher grades than those who do. A survey of 120 students at St. Lawrence University found that students who have never pulled an all- nighter on average have higher grades than those who have. The survey found those who do not study through the night have a grade point average of 3.2 compared to 2.95 for those who have. Q: The purpose of the passage is to tell us____. A. the bad effects of pulling an all-nighter B. pulling an all-nighter leads to sleep problems C. doubts about all-nighters D. all-nighters hurt students’ grades [分析]: B. 态度倾向题。作者的态度倾向往往隐含在文章中，而不会明确说明，因此态度倾向题也是比较有 难度的推理判断题型。这类题目一般分为两类：一是作者对某一具体事物的观点、看法；另一类是作者 对某一人、物的评价。议论文或记叙文往往考查作者的态度倾向。如果是论文，应该抓住作者的论点和 论据；如果是记叙文，应该特别注意作者总结性的文字。 例：The NBA now has a serious image problem; more than any other sport, it’s pulled in two opposite directions. As it’s been for years, whites make up a majority of the fans; blacks make up a majority of the players. And as those players have benefited from ever-upward-spiraling(不断上升的) paychecks, they’ve exercised their influence to shape the sight of the game around them in their own image. … The NBA has the potential to be a bridge between cultures, a way to bring both sides together in cheering some of the best athletes of any color. But it’s a fragile bridge indeed, where every black or white element apparently forces out its ethnic(种族的) opposite. And it’s not hard to imagine a time when nobody will be interested in crossing over. Q: The author’s attitude towards the NBA culture could be described as____. A. supportive B. doubtful C. critical D. neutral [分析]: C. 细节推断题。细节推断是根据文章中所阐述的细节，运用基础知识进行分析、推敲，从而复出符 合文章原意的结论的一种推断方法。此类题要求我们根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人 物关系、人物身份、具体信息等。解答此类题要从文章提供的信息出发，抓住关键的信息词，运用逻辑 思维、哲学原理，并借助一定的常识，进行分析、推理、判断。进行细节推断，必须吃透相关文段的意 思。 例：In many countries the standard of living enjoyed by their people had increased rapidly in recent years. Sadly, not everyone in these countries is so fortunate and many people in rich countries are homeless. The reasons for homelessness are various, but poverty is undoubtedly one of the main causes. The homeless people may have become jobless and then unable to pay their rent and so no longer have a roof over their heads. Often, the fact that unemployed people get help from the government prevents this from happening, but not always. … Some cynics(愤世嫉俗的人) declare that homeless people choose to live the life which they lead. But who would willingly choose to live in a shop doorway, under a bridge or in a cardboard box? Q: It can be inferred from the text that____. A. you will not find homeless people in countries with a high standard of living. B. the mental ill live on the street because they want the company of other homeless people C. The unemployed who receive help may still be among the homeless D. the homeless are willing to live under a bridge or in a cardboad box [分析]: D. 逻辑结论题。逻辑结论型试题的特点是考查我们的逻辑思维及判断能力，要求我们根据文章提供 的细节，推断出合乎逻辑的内容。解答此类题我们首先要找出短文的主题，然后按题意要求进行推断。 例：…Chapman feels it his duty to help the rural areas that get left behind. Ask him about the satisfaction of setting up the community wireless network and he’ll mention two women who are attending online universities----or grandparents easily e-mailing their grandchildren far away. “When the members of the community contribute their effort like this, they feel a sense of ownership,” Chapman says, “We may operate the network, but it’s owned by the citizens of the community. It’s for the public good.” Q: From the last two paragraphs we know that____. A. West Virginia Broadhand only does good to old citizens B. West Virginia Broadhand is operated by the community C. Chapman is a man of social responsibilities D. Chapman isn’t very much satisfied with his work [分析]: E. 预测想象题。预测想象型试题考查的内容一般在文意中没有明确说明，因此我们要根据语篇，把 握作者的写作思路，对事件可能出现的结局后文可能涉及的内容以及上文的内容进行科学的、合理的预 测。 例：…Completing a college application can take some time. But answering all the questions is not enough. Another important step is taking admissions tests. The SAT is the college entry test that American high school students most commonly take. Another one is the ACT. Colleges and universities may also require international students to take the TOEFL (the Test of English as a Foreign Language). If you have a general question for our Foreign Students Series, write to special@voanews.com Q: What will the author most probably talk about next/ A. SAT B. ACT C. FSS D. TOEFL [分析]: 释义题 解推断题最主要的方法是根据词义关系推断具体细节。 具体策略： 1.通过辨认细节的技巧 2.借助常识 3.务必要用排除法 4.词句段篇，相互交融 5.词的深刻内涵。 答题核心 答题关键一：表面含义选项常为干扰项。 答题关键二：采用三句定位法：上一句，所在句，和下一句;同时关注暗示词 三句定位的关键是要判断所考察短语与三句中某部分的关系。 题型分析 考纲内词汇： 考察词汇在特定上下文中选取特定含义的能力 考纲外词汇： 考察根据上下文推断生词含义的能力 陌生短语： 考察根据上下文理解推断短语在特定上下文中含义的能力 句子： 考察根据上下文推断句子含义的能力 ●同义关系 同义关系指考察对象与上下文中的某部分含义一致。此时，可直接将上下文中含义一致的部分作 为考察对象的含义答题即可。例如，假如文章中提到“…A and B…”考察对象为 A，而 B 短语已知，A 的 含义就是 B 短语的含义。 关键词：in other word, and, also, that is, xxx (名词) + 定语从句;xxx (名词) + be + 名词或者从句;xxx (名词) + 同位语;xxx (名词) + be called /mean … ●反义关系 反义关系指考察对象与上下文中某部分的含义相反。此时，可直接将上下文中含义的相反部分作 为考察对象的含义答题即可。 关键词：but, not, yet, however, although, though, while ●表面含义 一般来说，释义题的干扰项常常是词、短语或句子的表面含义。实际上，释义题考查的更像是根 据上下文猜测词、短语、句子的能力，而不是对考查内容的解能力。有趣的是，考查内容的字面意义到 成了出题人编写错误选项的一个出发点。 A. 根据定义、解释和复述猜测词义。这种情况下，生词往往出现在前面，定义或解释跟在生词的后 面，由 or 或破折号引出。因此只要找准并正确理解生词的释义，生词的含义也就清楚了。释义部分可以 是单词、短语，也可以是句子。在做这类题时，要注意生词与复述部分往往构成同位语，在句中多用逗 号、破折号、冒号、分号等来连接。 例：…In another survey, 79% of teens agreed that people at their age aren’t careful enough when giving out information about themselves online. Besides, careless blogging can also affect blog viewers. When you are angry or frustrated, your blog is the first place you turn to. The words you post then may not be rational which you may regret later. To minimize the negative effect, change the permission setting and make such posts “private” so that only you can read them. As long as you are careful with what you post, blogging is a great means of staying in touch with friends and displaying one’s creative works. Q: The underlined word “rational” probably means____. A. strange B. perfect C. helpful D. reasonable [分析]: B. 根据因果关系猜测词义。因果关系总是同时出现在文章中，有时原因在前，结果在后；有时结果 在前，原因在后，因此我们可以根据这一特定的逻辑关系来推测生词的含义。 例：…Technology greatly influences our standpoint on how fast we think everything needs to be done. If you put a dollar in the soda machine, you expect the bottle to move forward and fall down to the bottom. You can’t count how many times you’ve smacked the machine if it went too slow for your expectations. You wanted instant results, immediate fulfillment.… Q: The underlined word “smacked” in the paragraph probably means____. A. clapped B. hit C. kicked D. pushed [分析]: C. 根据搭配、对比关系猜测词义。有时分析句子结构，辨别句子成分，分清搭配关系，是判断词义 的前提，通过搭配关系得以确定划线名词指代的对象是人还是物。另外，转折词 but、让步条件状语从句 以及 unlike, in spite of, despite, however 等一些介词和副词都可以构成意义上的对比关系。 例：Fine art treasures from many countries are kept in an art museum called the Louvre in Paris, France. The works of art have been collected by the people of France over many centuries. The Louvre has not always been a museum. The first building was a fort. In 1190, it was the king’s castle with high walls and a round tower. It had a moat to keep out his enemies. Over the years, the number of buildings around the castle grew. By 1350, the castle was no longer needed as a fort. The Louvre became a palace home for French kings and queens. Q: The underlined word “moat” probably means____. A. a high tower built in former times where soldiers watched out for enemies B. a long and deep ditch dug round a castle and was usually filled with water C. a cart pulled by horses on which soldiers fought D. a long and high wall around castle [分析]: 阅读理解实战练习辅导 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂 黑。 A Parents often believe that they have a good relationship with their teenagers（青少年）. But last summer, Joanna and Henry noticed a change in their older son: suddenly he seemed to be talking far more to his friends than to his parents. “The door to his room is always shut.” Joanna noted. Tina and Mark noticed similar changes in their 14-year-old daughter. “She used to cuddle up（蜷伏）with me on the sofa and talk ,” said Mark . “Now we joke that she does this only when she wants something. Sometimes she wants to be treated like a little girl and sometimes like a young lady. The problem is figuring out which time is which. ” Before age 11, children like to tell their parents what’s on their minds. “In fact, parents are first on the list.” said Michael Rita, author of Uncommon Sense for Parents with Teenagers. “This completely changes during the teen years.” Rita explained. “They talk to their friends first, then maybe their teachers, and their parents last.” Parents who know what’s going on in their teenagers’ lives are in the best position to help them. To break down the wall of silence, parents should create chances to understand what their children want to say , and try to find ways to talk and write to them . And they must give their children a mental break, for children also need freedom, though young. Another thing, parents should remember is that to be a friend, not a manager, with their children is a better way to know them. 36. “The door to his room is always shut” suggests that the son . A. is always busy with his studies B. doesn’t want to be disturbed C. keeps himself away from his parents D. begins to dislike his parents 37. What troubles Tina and Mark most is that . A. their daughter isn’t as lovely as before B. they can’t read their daughter’s mind exactly C. they don’t know what to say to their daughter D. their daughter talks with them only when she needs help 38. Which of the following best explains “the wall of silence” in the last paragraph ? A. Teenagers talk a lot with their friends. B. Teenagers do not want to understand their parents. C. Teenagers do not talk much with their parents. D. Teenagers talk little about their own lives. 39. What can be learned from the passage? A. Parents are unhappy with their growing children. B. Parents have suitable ways to talk with their teenagers. C. Parents should be patient with their silent teenagers. D. Parents should try to understand their teenagers. B The private automobile（私家车）has long played an important role in the United States. In fact, it has become a necessary and important part of the American way of life. In 1986, sixty-nine percent of American families owned at least one car, and thirty-eight percent had more than one. By giving workers rapid transportation, the automobile has freed them from having to live near their place of work. This has encouraged the growth of the cities, but it has also led to traffic problems. For farm families the automobile is very helpful. It has made it possible for them to travel to town very often for business and for pleasure, and also to transport their children to distant schools. Family life has been affected in various ways, The car helps to keep families together when it is used for picnics, outings, and other shared experiences. However, when teenage children have the use of the car, their parents can't keep an eye on them. There is a great danger if the driver has been drinking alcohol or taking drugs, or showing off by speeding or breaking down traffic laws. Mothers of victims（受害者）of such accidents have formed an organization called MADD（Mothers Against Drunk Driving）. These women want to prevent further tragedies（悲剧）. They have worked to encourage the government to limit the youngest drinking age. Students have formed a similar organization, SADD（Students Against Drunk Driving）and are spreading the same message among their friends. For many Americans the automobile is a necessity. But for some, it is also a mark of social position and for young people, a sign of becoming an adult. Altogether, cars mean very much to Americans. 40. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text? A. Cars have encouraged the growth of the cities. B. Cars can bring families together when they go for picnics. C. Cars have enabled people to live far from their place of work. D. Cars help city families to transport their children to faraway schools. 41. What has been done to deal with the problem of drunk driving? A. Patents have paid more attention to their children. B. Some organizations have been set up against drunk driving. C. Mothers have tried to persuade their children not to drink alcohol. D. University students have asked the government to solve the problem. 42. We can infer from the text that ____________ in America. A. it will be more difficult for people to get new cars B. parents will not allow their children to have their own cars C. the government will encourage people to use public transportation D. cars will still be popular though they have caused many problems C Since many of you are planning to study at a college or university in this country, you may be curious to know what you usually do in a typical week, how you can get along with your fellow students, and so on. These are the questions I want to discuss with you today. First, let’s talk about what your weekly schedule will look like. No matter what your major may be, you can expect to spend between four and six hours a week for each class attending lectures. Lectures are usually in very large rooms because some courses such as introduction to sociology or economics often have as many as two or three hundred students, especially at large universities. In lectures, it’s very important for you to take notes on what the professor says because the information in a lecture is often different from the information in your textbooks. Also, you can expect to have exam questions based on the lectures. So it isn’t enough to just read your textbooks; you have to attend lectures as well. In a typical week you will also have a couple of hours of discussion for every class you take. The discussion section is a small group meeting usually with fewer than thirty students where you can ask questions about the lectures, the reading, and the homework. In large universities, graduate students, called teaching assistants, usually direct discussion sections. If your major is chemistry, or physics, or another science, you’ll also have to spend several hours a week in the lab, or laboratory, doing experiments. This means that science majors spend more time in the classroom than non science majors do. On the other hand, people who major in subjects like literature or history usually have to read and write more than science majors do. 43. The main purpose of this text is . A. to help the students to learn about university life B. to persuade the students to attend lectures C. to encourage the students to take part in discussions D. to advise the students to choose proper majors 44. We can learn from the passage that university professors . A. spend about 5 hours on lectures each week B. must join the students in the discussion sections C. prefer to use textbooks in their lectures D. require the students to read beyond the textbooks 45. A discussion section does NOT include . A. working under the guidance of university professors B. talking over what the students have read about the courses C. discussing the problems related to the students’ homework D. raising questions about what a professor has said in a lecture 46. According to the author, science majors . A. have to work harder than non science majors B. spend less time on their studies than non science majors C. consider experiments more important than discussions D. read and write less than non science majors D He was the baby with no name. Found and taken from the north Atlantic 6 days after the sinking of the Titanic in 1912, his tiny body so moved the salvage（救援）workers that they called him “our baby. ” In their home port of Halifax, Nova Scotia, people collected money for a headstone in front of the baby's grave（墓）, carved with the words: “To the memory of an unknown child. ” He has rested there ever since. But history has a way of uncovering its secrets. On Nov. 5, this year, three members of a family from Finland arrived at Halifax and laid fresh flowers at the grave. “This is our baby,” says Magda Schleifer, 68, a banker. She grew up hearing stories about a great-aunt named Maria Panula, 42, who had sailed on the Titanic for America to be reunited with her husband. According to the information Mrs. Schleifer had gathered, Panula gave up her seat on a lifeboat to search for her five children -- including a 13-month-old boy named Eino from whom she had become separated during the final minutes of the crossing. "We thought they were all lost in the sea," says Schleifer. Now, using teeth and bone pieces taken from the baby's grave, scientists have compared the DNA from the Unknown Child with those collected from members of five families who lost relatives on the Titanic and never recovered the bodies. The result of the test points only to one possible person: young Eino. Now, the family sees: no need for a new grave. "He belongs to the people of Halifax," says Schleifer. "They've taken care of him for 90 years. " Adapted from People, November 25, 2002 47. The baby travelled on the Titanic with his___________. A. mother B. parents C. aunt D. relatives 48. What is probably the boy's last name? A. Schleiferi B. Eino. C. Magda. D. Panula. 49. Some members of the family went to Halifax and put flowers at the child's grave on Nov. 5__ . A. 1912 B. 1954 C. 2002 D. 2004 50. This text is mainly about how______________. A. the unknown baby's body was taken from the north Atlantic B. the unknown baby was buried in Halifax, Nova Scotia C. people found out who the unknown baby was D. people took care of the unknown baby for 90 years E When we think of leadership, we often think of strength and power. But what are these really, and how do they operate? Leadership today is not about forcing others to do things. Even if this is possible, it is short-term, and tends to produce unexpected and unwanted result. If you order someone to do something against their will, they may do it because they feel they have to, but the anger they feel will do more harm in the long-term. They will also experience fear. Fear causes the thinking brain to shut down, making the person unable to function at his or her best. If they connect you with this emotion of fear, they will become less functional around you, and you will have succeeded in not only shooting yourself in the foot, but possibly making a very good employee or partner unable to perform effectively. Fear does no good to leadership. The way we influence people in a lasting way is by our own character, and our understanding and use of emotion. We can order someone to do something, which may be part of the work day; or we can employ them at the emotional level, so they become fully devoted to the projects and provide some of their own motivation (动机). Today’s work place is all about relationships. Anyone works harder in a positive environment in which they’re recognized and valued as a human being as well as a worker. Everyone produces just a bit more for someone they like. Leaders understand the way things work. They know the pay check is not the single most important factor in the work life of most people. The true strength of leadership is an inner strength that comes from the confidence of emotional intelligence — knowing your own emotions, and how to handle them, and those of others. Developing your emotional intelligence is the single best thing you can do if you want to develop your relationship with people around you, which is the key to the leadership skills. 51. The writer thinks that it is not ________ for us to connect leadership with strength and power. A. possible B. necessary C. easy D. effective 52. One may NOT be working hard when ________. A. they’re regarded as human beings B. others like to do more for leaders C. money is taken as the most important D. leaders understand the way things work 53. From the passage, we can conclude that ______ is the key to making a good leader. A. developing one’s emotional intelligence B. influencing others in one’s own way C. producing some unexpected results D. having confidence in one’s ability 54. This passage is most helpful to those who ________. A. have strength and power B. are going to make a speech C. would like to be leaders D. are to be excellent employees F Hoorah！I have escaped the Czech (捷克) Republic! I am now wearing light clothing and sunglasses, although the latter are superfluous today, as it is cool and overcast with cloud and it has rained slightly. The city of Qatar (卡塔尔) is flat and sandy with few trees — mostly palms. You can see construction everywhere, new streets with hotels and apartment blocks in Venice theme. It’s a mix of super modern and traditional building styles. Everything looks new including the vehicles. There are many huge roundabouts; no traffic rules or at least no one obeys any. The huge 4-storey shopping mall in fantastic style has an ice rink (溜冰 场) on the ground floor. Thousands of people walk round the waterfront after dark. Qataris are very religious and there are calls to prayers regularly. Qatari men are dressed in all sorts of traditional clothing plus western dresses. You can easily find imported labour from South Asian countries, poorly paid and discriminated against. I am told that Qataris don’t hide their racist attitudes. Women are always wonderful sights. Some are in all sorts of black clothing with face uncovered; some totally enveloped; lots wearing western dresses. Best sight so far: a woman in a mall completely wrapped in black including gloves, not even an eye shown — wearing glasses on the outside of her veil (面纱), using a cell phone while fingering a dress. I am living with my employers — a New Zealand couple, and another teacher named Wayne, all about my age. We share one apartment. I have a large room with a bathroom attached: it is a little run-down but very comfortable. The only rather annoying thing is that I have to use the laptop on my bed as there is no desk and chair in here. As soon as it is clear that I will be staying I will make a change to all this. I haven’t lived with other people for many years and have been used to living alone so it will be interesting to see how this works. 55. The best title for this passage is ________. A. The New Life with My Employers B. General Observation of Qataris C. My Adventure in the Czech Republic D. My First Impressions of Qatar 56. The underlined part in paragraph one can be explained as ________. A. it will be a fine day later B. light clothing is helpless with cold C. sunglasses appear fantastic D. sunglasses become unnecessary 57. In the author’s eyes, Qatar is a ________. A. rich western industrialized country B. backward agricultural country C. modern society with religious tradition D. nation closed to the outside world 58. It is true that the author is ________. A. pleased with her present living condition B. missing her days in the Czech Republic C. not certain how long she will be staying D. worried about her relation with her boss G Sadness is unpleasant, and in a society where personal happiness is prized above all else, there is little tolerance for falling in despair. Especially now we’ve got drugs for getting rid of sad feelings — whether it’s after losing a job, the break-up of a relationship or the death of a loved one. So it’s no surprise that more and more people are taking them. But is this really such a good idea? A growing number of voices from the world of mental health research are saying it isn’t. They fear that the increasing tendency to treat normal sadness as a disease is playing fast and loose (行为轻率). Sadness, they argue, serves a useful purpose—and if we lose it, we lose out. Yet many psychiatrists (精神病医生) insist not. Sadness has a nasty habit of turning into depression(抑郁), they warn. Even when people are sad for good reason, they should take drugs to make themselves feel better. So who is right? Is sadness something we cannot live without or something horrible never to touch? There are lots of ideas about why feeling sad should become part of human life. It may be a self-protection strategy, as other primates (灵长类) also show signs of sadness. A losing monkey that doesn’t show sadness after it loses a fight may be seen as continuing to challenge the winning monkey — and that could result in death. In humans sadness has a further function: we may display sadness as a form of communication. By acting sad, we tell other community members that we need support. Then there is the idea that creativity is connected to dark moods. There are plenty of great artists, writers and musicians who have suffered from depression or disorder. Scientists found that people with signs of depression performed better at a creative task, and negative moods make people think deeply over the unhappy experience, which allows creative processes to come to the front. There is also evidence that too much happiness can be bad for your career. A doctor found that people who scored 8 out of 10 on a happiness test were more successful in income and education than 9s or 10s. The happiest people lose their willingness to make changes to their lives that may benefit them. 59. The underlined word “this ” refers to ________. A. taking medicine B. falling in despair C. losing a job D. feeling sad 60. The author believes sadness is ________. A. a good thing for people’s health B. something horrible never to touch C. a necessary function of humans’ D. always to be treated as depression 61. Some animals show their sadness in order to ________. A. cheat their enemy B. protect themselves C. comfort the loser D. challenge the winner 62. We can infer from the last paragraph that ________. A. people with great creativity tend to be happier B. unhappy experiences contribute to a greater career C. too much happiness can be bad for your career D. the happiest people are the most successful ones H The first MP4 player was born years ago. Soon many music fans were wondering how fantastic it is! If you have been into technology enough, perhaps you may have a knowledge of the MP4. If not, you do need to know something before buying one, even if you are familiar with MP3. MP3 is the CD-like disc with greater capacity. How about MP4? This small digital product will really enrich the joy from listening to music. You can even feel the “touch” of music to your soul! Now, some similar digital products advertised as “MP4 players” are simply MP3 players, which do not play video and MPEG format (格式) and also lack other particular functions. Theseproducts confuse some buyers, as they may think the “MP4” players simply mean they can do more than MP3. What is MP4?! It is a multimedia container. It is not only used to store digital audio (音频) and digital video streams, especially those of MPEG, but can also be used to store other data such as subtitles (字幕) and pictures. As a most modern container format, it allows streaming over the Internet. With the help of a piece of MP4 video equipment, you can change various programs such as MPEG to MP4, ASX to MP4, AVI to MP4 and so on, which can be done very quickly and easily without any effect on the sound quality. By installing (安装) DVD-MP4 software, you can transfer particular music from a DVD to an MP4 video file. It really excites your listening music experience. Then, there is MP4 advanced and you can set your own collection of all the programs — TV shows, games, and music. You can even see movies which are still running in cinemas. What else digital product could you possibly ask for? 63. It is suggested here that you should ________ before buying an MP4 player A. first be a music fan B. have a knowledge of MP4 C. get familiar with MP3 D. buy a CD-like disc 64. From the passage, we can see that MP4 is ________ MP3. A. much bigger than B. just as advanced as C. not so particular as D. more functional than 65. From the last sentence, it’s clear that the writer tries to tell us it is _______. A. reasonable to buy other digital products B. impossible to buy something else C. a very wise choice to buy an MP4 D. an exciting experience to buy an MP3 2012 高考英语 高三英语阅读理解答题规律与秘诀 一、 解的十个特征： 11、 体现中心思想（包括段落中心）的是解 12、 照抄原文的不是解，同义替换的是解 13、 含义不肯定的是解，如：can could may usually might most more or less relatively be likely to 含义绝对的不是解： must always never the most all any none entirely 含义相反的是解 14、 具体的不是解，概括性的、抽象的是解 15、 带有 some 的是解：someone somebody sometime something certain 16、 简单的不是解，复杂的是解，字面意思不是解，含义深刻的是解 17、 带虚词的解： another other more either both also beside additional extra different same particular nearly not enough 18、 “变化”是解： change delay improve postpone increase 19、 “重要的、基础的”是解：important necessity essential basis be based on 20、 二选一：反义项有解；形似项有解；近义项有解 阅读题的四种题型及其命题思路 1. 主旨题－中心思想 ① Main idea －what is the main idea / point of this passage? ② Main topic －what is the main topic / subject / title? ③ Purpose －what is the author’s main purpose in the passage? 对策：答案多在文章的首句或末句；解：多为概括性的选项 2. 细节性问题 ① Accroding－考查对文章内容的掌握，如：时间、地点、事件等细节问题。 对策：利用题目中的关键词找文章中的对应词，在对应词的周围寻找答案。 ② Number－考查对文章中数字的掌握， 1） 运算型：通过简单的四则运算求解。 对策：原始数据不是解。 2） 多选一型：文中出现多个时间或数字，对应不同的事物，考其中的一个。 对策：对号入座。 3） 范围型， 4） 世纪型 ③ Except 题型－即三缺一型，要求选出一个不符合文章内容的选项。 ④ Which 题型 对策：这两种主要考并列句、列举句 3. 推断型问题 命题包括以下动词：infer, imply, suggest, conclude, assume. 对策： 1） 根据文中的关键词、短语、结构进行推断； 2） 通过阅读某段或几段内容 3） 注意：要根据文中内容进行推断，不能凭空猜测。 4. 词汇型问题 ① 考查熟词偏义或在特定场合具体的词义 对策：常见含义不是解 ② 生词的含义推断 对策：根据上下文判断其合理的词义才是唯一的出路。 总结：常见的命题思路：  文章的中心、段落的中心  指代关系 make gains make a profit  因果关系 ① 正因果关系 文中 A 导致 B，问题：有了 B 这一结果，为什么，答案是 A ② 反因果关系 文中 A 具有 X 特性，B 与 A 不同，问，B 有何特点，答案是非 X 特性。 或 A B， 考非 A 非 B 二、文章的十大考点 1、 列举处常考 细节题，特别是 Which 型和 Except 型； 2、 转折处和对比处常考 However, but, yet, in fact, although, 转折：unlike, until, however, but 等。 3、 例子常考 推断题和细节题 as, such as, for example, for instance, i.e. etc. 4、 数字和年代常考 文中的数字、年代和日期常常是命题的重点。 5、 最高级和绝对性词汇常考 答案具有唯一性 must, all, only, anyone, always, never,或 most, first. 6、 专有名词常考 人名、地名等专有名词 7、 细节处常考 细节题 同位语，插入语，定语，长句的后半句，从句，副词，介词，不定式。 8、 因果句常考 推断题 因果连词：because, since, for, as, therefore, so, consequently etc 因果动词：cause, result in，originate from, etc 因果名词：base, basis, result, consequence. etc 9、 段落中心句常考 主题题和细节题 段首句和文尾句往往是作者表达中心思想和进行总结综述之处， 10、 特殊标点常考 细节题 破折号、括号、冒号表示解释，引号表示引用 示例 1、 Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors(流星)but also because of rays from sun and other stars. The atmosphere again acts as our protective blanket on earth. Light gets through, and this is essential for plants to make the food which we eat. Heat, too, makes our environments tolerable and some ultraviolet rays penetrate the atmosphere. Cosmic rays of various kinds come through the air from outer space, but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun are screened off. As soon as men leave the atmosphere they are exposed to this radiation but their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft, if they are inside, do prevent a lot of radiation damage. Radiation is the greatest known danger to explorers in space. The trouble is that it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage a person may feel perfectly well, but not cells of his sex organs may be damaged, and this will not be discovered until the birth of (deformed) children or even grandchildren. Drugs might help to decrease the damage done by radiation, but not really effective ones have been found so far. At present, radiation seems to be the greatest physical hazard to space travelers but it is impossible to say just how serious the hazard will turn out to be in the future. 1、According to the passage, without atmosphere A) spaceships can never be shot into space B) sunlight can’t reach the earth （具体不是解） C) plants can produce varied food D) our environment would be intolerable（概括是解，含义相反的是解） 2、When men spend long period in space they will protect themselves by A) taking special drugs B) wearing special suits（替换 spacesuits 是解） C) using a protective blanket D) no solution has been found yet 3、The greatest danger to men in space is A) meteors B) weightlessness C) radiation D) magnetic force 4、Which of the following statement is true according to the passage? A) the grandchildren of astronauts are deformed B) the children of astronauts have damaged sex organs C) radiation damage may show only in later generations（may 是解） D) radiation does not seem to be very harmful 5、Radiation is dangerous to men, 转折处 最 高 级 举处 长句后半句 转折，长 句后半句 列举处， 因果关系 A) but we don’t know exactly how dangerous it is B) but only in space （替换是解） C) so we should build up our health D) and we can do nothing about it at the present time 示例 2、 Every we are all influenced by the mass media. Although some critics of the media claim that these means of communication are used mainly to control our thinking and get us to buy products that we don’t need, the media also contribute to keeping people informed. In other words, while dangers do exist, the benefits of the media far outweigh the disadvantages. Most of the messages brought to viewers, listeners, and readers are designed either to inform or to entertain, and neither of these goals can be considered dangerous or harmful. If consumers of the media could be taught at an early age to examine messages critically, i.e. to think carefully about what is being communicated, they would be able to take advantage of the information and enjoy the entertainment without being hurt by it. The key to critical thinking is recognizing the purposes of the news or scriptwriters, the advertisers, and so on. Are both sides of an issue being presented? Is the amount of violence and killing shown necessary to the point of a story? Have enough facts about a product being advertised been presented? Besides, in a country with a democratic form of government, the people can be kept informed by the mass media. To be able to express their views and vote intelligently, citizens need the opportunity to hear news, opinions, and public affairs programming. Information about current events is presented in －depth on publicly funded TV channels and radio stations as well as in newspapers. In addition, the public broadcasting media can help viewers and listeners to complete or further their education. The media also give people the information they need in their daily lives and the media can be a valuable means of educating the public. Even though the media can be misused, most of their effects are positive. 1. The main point the writer tries to make in this text is that A. Advertising is harmful when it presents incorrect information. B. The positive effects of the mass media outweigh the negative ones.（概括是解） C. People should learn to take advantage of the media’s benefits. D. TV is more useful as a means of entertainment than as a means of providing information. 2. What should consumers of the mass media be taught at an early age? A. To bring their imagination into full play when watching programs of low quality. B. To buy products advertised so that the demand increases. C. To turn off the TV set when hurt by bad programs. D. To think carefully about the messages brought to them.（替换是解） 3. We can learn from paragraph 3 that citizens will be in a better position to express their views and make their choices if they are A. Highly educated through TV and radio. B. Well protected by the government C. Highly paid by the employers D. Well informed by the media（概括是解） 4. The underlined phrase “in －depth” in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by A. Thoroughly（句义，词形） B. Partly C. Relatively D. Simply 请先看下面的例子，它是辽宁卷 2010 年真题的第 36 题，是一个完形填空题. 在此我只列出它的 四个选项,试试看，只是比较选项，你是否能够在 3 秒之内选出正确答案? 36. A. worried B. sad C. surprised D. nervous 正确答案是 C, ABD 都是一个人状态不好的倾向词，而 C 则为中性词，表述态度不一致者是答案。. 如果你知道了这个秘诀，可以解决很多类似的完型填空题! 看一下辽宁卷 2010 年完形填空真题的第 52 题: 52. A. Largely B. Generally C. Gradually D. Probably 举例， 长句 因果， 列举， 长句后 半句 转折，长 句后半句 正确答案是 C, ABD 都是含义不肯定的副词，排除表述不明确的选项,答案就水落石出了. 如果你知 道了这个秘诀，你更是可以解决很多类似的完型填空题! 试想一下,知道了全部 36 个完形秘诀之后,您的 分数会怎么样呢? 请再看下面的例子，它是辽宁卷 2010 年真题阅读理解题的第 56 题，在此我只写出它的题干和四 个选项.也试试看，只是比较选项，你是否能够在 5 秒之内选出正确答案? 56. From Paragragh 1 we learn that the villagers . A.worked very hard for centuries B.dreamed of having a better life C.were poor but somewhat content D.lived a different life from their forefathers 正确答案是 C, 选项中表述的内容前后相互矛盾的是答案! 思路很简单，如果你掌握了其中的秘诀， 抛开文章，你也可以很快选出正确答案. 掌握此类瞬间解题秘诀，不仅缩短了答题时间，还能保障近乎 100%的准确率！请上 www.sypeterwu.com 或上百度,输入"沈阳英语家教吴军"查询! 要知道，如果对文章似懂非懂，那么，在文章中寻找答案线索就像大海捞针一样的难,更谈不上做对 题！吴军英语高分密码将会告诉你此类瞬间解题秘诀,帮助你辨识选项中的诸多暗示点，瞬间找出正确答 案,或者瞬间排除错误选项.请记住!在英语完型填空和阅读理解题的选项中，从头到尾都充满了暗示点,善 于利用这些暗示点，可以快速做对题! 无论任何人，在考试中，总会遇到吃不准选项的题，或可以称之为不会做的“难题”,那么，如果遇到 “难题”，你会怎办？是放弃？不可能，怎么着也要“猜”出一个答案!那么，是“瞎猜”吗？如果是“瞎猜”， 其正确率仅是 25%，是可想而知的低！那么，如何“猜”才能有高的准确率呢？如果我告诉你 N 个秘诀, 让你在做“难题”时，猜出的答案的准确率由 25%提高至 95%，甚至是 100%,你愿意继续看下去吗? 35. A. eat up B. deal with C. throw away D. send out 35 题在 B 和 C 模棱两可处到底选哪个? 当然选范围大的,能包括另一个的,即选 B. 再举个例子，假如 2010 年辽宁卷高考英语完形填空的 47 题,不知选哪个, 怎么办？ As I found out, there is, 46 , often no perfect equivalence(对应)between two 47 in two languages. My aunt even goes so far as to 48 that a Chinese “equivalent” can never give you the 49 meaning of a word in English! 47. A. words B. names C. ideas D. characters 很简单，选 A，勿须有任何的犹豫,为什么？复现法则! 吴军英语高分密码会告诉你具体原因以及更多的解决“难题”的秘诀,都是非常的简单和直接.请记住!遇 到“难题”，即使“猜”答案，也要“猜”的有理有据,切勿盲目的“猜”! The moment he was about to 47 the hospital, he saw on the desk the 48 new book ,just as he had left it one 49 ago. 48. A much B still C hardly D quite 很简单，选 B，为什么？答案高频词汇倾向归纳让你笑逐颜开! 高频形容词 副词: suddenly, even, finally, first, last, again, also, however, though, although, yet, instead, even though, but, still 等. 问题一 ： 所谓就近原则，同义替换是不是也是要求学生最好把定位句就近句看懂再做选择，如果实 在看不懂才另找办法？ 问题二：有些题目如果只按照划的关键词的模样去找的话有时候很难找到，有候甚至是不能定位 的，要提高准确率最好的程序是不是 学生看每段首尾句，获取文章中心以后，再边读文章边做题，可以 不用每句都细看，但是如果读到和所画关键词有关联的时候就可以放慢速度，这样的方法准确率才高 呢？ 答:定位准是第一步,可用出题题干多词定位法,一个词不行,得 2-3 个词以上才能定位的准,因为每个词 代表不同的方向;然后找最近的名词或同义替换的短句,都没有则可能在最近的出题点上; 或马上与文章中 心沾边或与段落中心沾边(段首尾句或反复出现的名词)沾边; 也可从选项的高频答案特征入手或从共同含 有相同名词的选项入手,在选项中划名词回到文章中去核对!当然找到信息核对点时一定要放慢速度,核对 选项时也一定要仔细,找到选项的相同点和不同点到文章中去核对,尤其是要核对名词,其次是动词,再次才 是形副,注意是不是同义替换,看不出来的,可以用排除法,看哪项与信息点冲突或不同,排除,则答案才能水落 石出! People diet to look more attractive.Fish diet to avoid being beaten up，thrown out of their social group，and getting eaten as a result.That is the fascinating conclusion of the latest research into fish behavior by a team of Australian scientists. The research team have discovered that subordinate fish voluntarily diet to avoid challenging their larger competitors.“In studying gobies we noticed that only the largest two individuals，a male and female，had breeding(繁殖) rights within the group，”explains Marian Wong.“All other group members are nonbreeding females，each being 510% smaller than its next largest competitor.We wanted to find out how they maintain this precise size separation.” The reason for the size difference was easy to see.Once a subordinate fish grows to within 510% of the size of its larger competitor，it causes a fight 负的 which usually ends in the smaller goby being driven away from the group.More often than not，the_evicted_fish is then eaten up. It appeared that the smaller fish were keeping themselves small in order to avoid challenging the boss fish.Whether they did so voluntarily，by restraining how much they ate，was not clear.The research team decided to do an experiment.They tried to fatten up some of the subordinate gobies to see what happened.To their surprise 结论，the gobies simply refused the extra food they were offered，clearly preferring to remain small and avoid fights，over having a feast. The discovery challenges the traditional scientific view of how boss individuals keep their position in a group.Previously it was thought that large individuals simply used their weight and size to threaten their subordinates and take more of the food for themselves，so keeping their competitors small. While the habits of gobies may seem a little mysterious ， Dr.Wong explains that understanding the relationships between boss and subordinate animals is important to understanding how hierarchical(等级的) societies remain stable. The research has proved the fact that voluntary dieting is a habit far from exclusive to humans.“As yet，we lack a complete understanding of how widespread the voluntary reduction of food intake is in nature，”the researchers comment.“Data on human dieting suggests that，while humans generally diet to improve health or increase attractiveness，rarely does it improve longterm health and males regularly prefer females that are fatter than the females' own ideal.” 65．When a goby grows to within 510% of the size of its larger competitor，it ______. 此题按照思路容易定位到第一个 510%，那段，然后发现有中文标识，就容易选 B ，而没有注意 到下一段也有出题点的话，容易错选怎么办? 定位词要划全了,最起码要划不同的名词和动词,定位就准了. A．faces danger 负的 B．has breeding rights C．eats its competitor D．leaves the group itself 67．The experiment showed that the smaller fish ______. A．fought over a feast B．went on diet willingly = refused the extra food C．preferred some extra food D．challenged the boss fish A B Andrew Ritchie，inventor of the Brompton folding bicycle，once said that the perfect portable bike would be “like a magic carpet...You could fold it up and put it into your pocket or handbag”．Then he paused： “But you'll always be limited by the size of the wheels.And so far no one has invented a folding wheel.” It was a rare—indeed unique—occasion when I was able to put Ritchie right.A 19thcentury inventor， William Henry James Grout，did in fact design a folding wheel.His bike，predictably named the Grout Portable，had a frame that split into two and a larger wheel that could be separated into four pieces.All the bits fitted into Grout's Wonderful Bag，a leather case. Grout's aim：to solve the problems of carrying a bike on a train.Now doesn't that sound familiar？Grout intended to find a way of making a bike small enough for train travel：his bike was a huge beast.And importantly，the design of early bicycles gave him an advantage：in Grout's day，tyres were solid，which made the business of splitting a wheel into four separate parts relatively simple.You couldn't do the same with a wheel fitted with a onepiece inflated(充气的) tyre. So，in a 21stcentury context，is the idea of the folding wheel dead？It is not.A British design engineer， Duncan Fitzsimons，has developed a wheel that can be squashed into something like a slender ellipse(椭 圆)．Throughout，the tyre remains inflated. Will the young Fitzsimons's folding wheel make it into production？I haven't the foggiest idea.But his inventiveness shows two things.First，people have been saying for more than a century that bike design has reached its limit，except for gradual advances.It's as silly a concept now as it was 100 years ago：there's plenty still to go for.Second，it it in the field of folding bikes that we are seeing the most interesting inventions.You can buy a folding bike for less than ￡1000 that can be knocked down so small that it can be carried on a plane— minus wheels，of course—as hand baggage. Folding wheels would make all manner of things possible.Have we yet got the magic carpet of Andrew Ritchie's imagination？No.But it's progress. 69．We can infer from Paragraph 1 that the Brompton folding bike ______. A．was portable B．had a folding wheel C．could be put in a pocket D．looked like a magic carpet 对比 But 句可排除 B 和 B,就近原则,可选 A,D 多了动词 looked 70．We can learn from the text that the wheels of the Grout Portable ______. 难定位 A．were difficult to separate B．could be split into 6 pieces C．were fitted with solid tyres D．were hard to carry on a train 一般爱考首尾句,转折句和有结论的句子,从 ABD 中划关键字 separate, pieces, train, 核对原文后都 可排除,选 C. 71．We can learn from the text that Fitzsimons's invention ______. 难定位 A．kept the tyre as a whole piece B．was made into production soon C．left little room for improvement D．changed our views on bag design 跟文章中心 folding wheel 沾边! A C A When women sit together to watch a movie on TV，they usually talk simultaneously(同时地)about a variety of subjects，including children，men，careers and what's happening in their lives.When groups of men and women watch a movie together，the men usually end up telling the women to shut up.Men can either talk or watch the screen—they can' t do both—and they don' t understand that women can.Besides，women consider that the point of all getting together is to have a good time and develop relationships—not just to sit there like couch potatoes staring at the screen. During the ad breaks，a man often asks a woman to explain the plot and tell him where the relationship between the characters is going.He is unable，unlike women，to read the subtle body language signals that reveal how the characters are feeling emotionally.Since women originally spent their days with the other women and children in the group，they developed the ability to communicate successfully in order to maintain relationships.For a woman，speech continues to have such a clear purpose：to build relationships and make friends.For men，to talk is to relate the facts. Men see the telephone as a communication tool for sending facts and information to other people，but a woman sees it as a means of bonding.A woman can spend two weeks on vacation with her girlfriend and， when she returns home，telephone the same girlfriend and talk for another two hours. There is no convincing evidence that social conditioning，the fact that girls' mothers talked to them more， is the reason why girls talk more than boys.Psychiatrist Dr Michael Lewis，author of Social Behaviour and Language Acquisition，conducted experiments that found mothers talked to，and looked at，baby girls more often than baby boys.Scientific evidence shows parents respond to the brain bias of their children.Since a girl's brain is better organized to send and receive speech，we therefore talk to them more.Consequently，mothers who try to talk to their sons are usually disappointed to receive only short grunts in reply. 56．While watching TV with others，women usually talk a lot because they______ A．are afraid of awkward silence with their families and friends B．can both talk and watch the screen at the same time C．think they can have a good time and develop relationships D．have to explain the plot and body language to their husbands 57．After a vacation with her girlfriend，a woman would talk to her again on the phone for hours in order to ______. A．experience the happy time again B．keep a close tie with her C．recommend her a new scenic spot D．remind her of something forgotten 58．What does the author want to tell us most? D 怎么排除 A．Women's brains are better organized for language and communication. B．Women love to talk because they are more sociable than men. C．Men do not like talking because they rely more on facts. 绝对的不是 D．Social conditioning is not the reason why women love talking. 绝对的不是 被动的是解,含有中心词 Women 和 communication 的是解,选 A C B A Many people write to newspapers and magazines to express their opinions.Letters to the editor must carry the writer's full name，address and telephone number，although the information is not necessary for publication.This requirement to provide personal particulars is a clear indication that writers are held responsible for what they say.When a writer wants his voice heard，he needs to claim ownership of his voice.Responsibility is the name of the game. “People today prefer living together to putting their signatures on a marriage certificate because they refuse to accept responsibility for the relationship，” said social worker Ken Yip，“and this is what is causing a lot of family problems.” When we sign a paper，for example，a business contract or a bank document，the signature is a seal of consent，an agreement to take the matter seriously.Most governments and many organisations will not process written complaints if they do not bear the writer's signature.The absence of a signature，they explain， tells us that the writer cannot be too serious and therefore does not deserve a reply. 就近原则中因果是考点 There are people who wish to remain anonymous(匿名的)for various reasons.Multibillionaire Mr King donates generously to charity several times a year.He gives simply because he wants to help but not for the publicity his donations may bring，and he does not want his good deeds to make news.In other cases，people insist on anonymity because they are afraid of the consequences of revealing their identity.Crime witnesses may be willing to assist the police，but most are unwilling to give their names when reporting a crime. Name or no name？The answer is very personal and lies in how much we want to get involved.We all have a name.It is a matter of responsibility to use it when we make a statement，a claim or an accusation.We all want to honour our own name，and it is only by stamping our expression of an opinion with our own name that we honour what we say. 68．What does the writer mean by saying “Responsibility is the name of the game”？ A．Writers need to provide their personal information in the game. B．Publications must bear the writer's full name，address and phone number. C．Writers should be responsible for their names. 绝对的不是解! D．Names are required to indicate writers' responsibility for what they say. 被动的是解! voice 69．The second paragraph suggests that a paper without a signature may_____. 这题是不是按照细节题的做法，我当时错选了 D A．help to end a relationship B．not get a reply C．be accepted all the same D．become a family problem 就近原则中因果 therefore 是考点,发现 B 与其后句子是同义替换! 70．Some people don't want their names known because they are______. 怎么定位，怎么在 A 与 C 之间 排除 A．hesitant to make a donation B．unwilling to draw public attention C．afraid of an accusation D．ready for involvement 定位点 anonymous(匿名的), but 附近发现都是负的,A 和 D 是正的,排除;B 和 C 对比后,发现 C 在原文出题点中没有,故选 B.同时 B 是第一个 but 后句的同义替换! D B B Having a husband means an extra seven hours of housework each week for women，according to a new study.For men，getting married saves an hour of housework a week.“It's a wellknown_pattern，”said lead researcher Frank Stafford at University of Michigan's Institute for Social Research.“Men usually work more outside the home，while women take on more of the housework.” He points out that differences among households(家庭)exist.But in general，marriage means more housework for women and less for men.“And the situation gets worse for women when they have children，”Stafford said. Overall，times are changing in the American home.In 1976，women busied themselves with 26 weekly hours of sweepinganddusting work，compared with 17 hours in 2005.Men are taking on more housework，more than doubling their housework hours from six in 1976 to 13 in 2005. Single women in their 20s and 30s did the least housework，about 12 weekly hours，while married women in their 60s and 70s did the most—about 21 hours a week. Men showed a somewhat different pattern，with older men picking up the broom more often than younger men.Single men worked the hardest around the house，more than that of all other age groups of married men. Having children increases housework even further.With more than three children，for example，wives took on more of the extra work，clocking about 28 hours a week compared with husbands' 10 hours. 45．According to the “wellknown pattern”in Paragraph 1，a married man______. A．takes on heavier work B．does more housework C．is the main breadwinner D．is the master of the house 47．What kind of man is doing most housework according to the text? A．An unmarried man.= Single B．An older married man. C．A younger married man. D．A married man with children. 48．What can we conclude from Stafford's research? 这题按照推论题，容易在最后一段找答案，就很容易会选 D ，有时候一时间也肯不出 D 有什么问 题，怎么排除干扰。 A．Marriage gives men more freedom. B．Marriage has effects on job choices. C．Housework sharing changes over time. D．Having children means doubled housework. 首先要定位,找到出题点,D 与 But 句信息点无关. C A C GUATEMALA CITY(Reuters)—A fish that lives in mangrove swamps(红树沼泽)across the Americas can live out of water for months at a time，similar to how animals adapted(适应)to land millions of years ago，a new study shows. The Mangrove Rivulus，a type of small killifish，lives in small pools of water in a certain type of empty nut or even old beer cans in the mangrove swamps of Belize，the United States and Brazil.When their living place dries up，they live on the land in logs(圆木)，said Scott Taylor，a researcher at the Brevard Endangered Lands Program in Florida. The fish，whose scientific name is Rivulus marmoratus，can grow as large as three inches.They group together in loges and breathe air through their skin until they can find water again. The new scientific discovery came after a trip to Belize. “We kicked over a log and the fish just came crowding out，”Taylor told Reuters in neighboring Guatemala by telephone.He said he will make his study on the fish known to the public in an American magazine early next year. In lab tests，Taylor said he found the fish can live up to 66 days out of water without eating. Some other fish can live out of water for a short period of time.The walking catfish found in Southeast Asia can stay on land for hours at a time，while lungfish found in Australia，Africa and South America can live out of water，but only in an inactive state.But no other known fish can be out of water as long as the Mangrove Rivulus and remain active，according to Patricia Wright，a biologist at Canada's University of Guelph. Further studies of the fish may tell how animals changed over time. “These animals live in conditions similar to those that existed millions of years ago，when animals began making the transition(过渡) from water onto land，”Wright said. 49．The Mangrove Rivulus is a type of fish that______. A．likes eating nuts B．prefers living in dry places C．is the longest living fish on earth D．can stay alive for two months out of water 50．Who will write up a report on Mangrove Rivulus? 很难定位吗，怎么做 A．Patricia Wright. B．Researchers in Guatemala. C．Scientists from Belize. D．Scott Taylor. 51．According to the text，lungfish can______. A．breathe through its skin B．move freely on dry land C．remain alive out of water D．be as active on land as in water 52．What can we say about the discovery of Mangrove Rivulus? 文章如果不全看的话这题貌似很难作对。 A．It was made quite by accident. B．It was based on a lab test of sea life. C．It was supported by an American magazine. D．It was helped by Patricia Wright. 2011 年阅读理解(共 20 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 40 分) A In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animal. This sometimes happens with humans also. But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people. I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy. From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people, bur sometimes I feel sad because those who appear independent miss the kindness I see daily. They don’t get to see this soft side of others. Often, we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness, which includes a lot of pretending. But only when we stop pretending we’re brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness that’s in them. Last month, when I was driving home on a busy highway, I began to feel unwell and drove more slowly than usual. People behind me began to get impatient and angry, with some speeding up alongside me, horning (按喇叭) or even shouting at me. At the moment I decided to do something I had never done in twenty-four years of driving. I put on the car flashlights and drove on at a really low speed. No more angry shouts and no more horns! When I put on my flashlights, I was saying to other drivers, “I have a problem here. I am weak and doing the best I can.” And everyone understood. Several times, I saw drivers who wanted to pass. They couldn’t get around me because of the stream of passing traffic. But instead of getting impatient and angry, they waited, knowing the driver in front of them was in some way weak. Sometimes situations call for us to act strong and brave even when we don’t feel that way. But those are few and far between. More often, it would be better if we don’t pretend we feel strong when we feel weak or pretend that we are brave when we are scared. 26. the author has discovered that people will feel happy when ______. A. the offer their help B. they receive others’ help C. they feel others’ kindness D. they show their weakness 27. The author feels sad sometimes because ______. A. he has a soft heart B. he relies much on others C. some people pretend to be kind D. some people fail to see the kindness in others 28. What did the other drivers do when they saw the flashlights? A. They speed up to pass. B. They waited with patience. C. They tried their best to help. D. They put on their flashlights too. 29. In this passage, the author advises us to ______. A. handle problems by ourselves B. accept help from others C. admit our weakness D. show our bravery 30. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. A Wheelchair Experience B. Weakness and Kindness. C. Weakness and Strength D. A Driving Experience B Can dogs and cats live in perfect harmony in the same home? People who are thinking about adopting a dog as a friend for their cats are worried that they will fight. A recent research has found a new recipe of success. According to the study, if the cat is adopted before the dog, and if they are introduced when still young (less than 6 months for cats, a year for dogs), it is highly probable that the two pets will get along swimmingly. Two-thirds of the homes interviewed reported a positive relationship between their cat and dog. However, it wasn’t all sweetness and light. There was a reported coldness between the cat and dog in 25% of the homes, while argression and fighting were observed in 10% of the homes. One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals were just opposite. For example, when a cat turns its head away it signals aggression, while a dog doing the same signals submission. In homes with cats and dogs living peacefully, researchers observed a surprising behaviour. They are learning how to talk each other’s language. It is a surprise that cats can learn how to talk ‘dog’, and dogs can learn how to talk ‘cat’. What’s interesting is that both cats and dogs have appeared to develop their intelligence. They can learn how to read each other’s body signals, suggesting that the two may have more in common than we previously suspected. Once familiar with each other’s presence and body language, cats and dogs can play together, greet each other nose to nose, and enjoy sleeping together on the sofa. They can easily share the same water bowl and in some cases groom (梳理) each other. The significance of the research on cats and dogs may go beyond pets ─ to people who don’t get along, including neighbors, colleagues at work, and even world superpowers. If cats and dogs can learn to get along, surely people have a good chance. 31. The underlined word swimmingly in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______. A. early B. sweetly C. quickly D. smoothly 32. Some cats and dogs may fight when ______. A. they are cold to each other B. they look away from each other C. they misunderstood each other’s signals D. they are introduced at an early age 33. What is found surprising about cats and dogs? A. They eat and sleep each other. B. They observe each other’s behaviors. C. They learn to speak each other’s language. D. They know something from each other’s voices. 34. It is suggested in Paragraph 4 that cats and dogs ______. A. have common interests B. are less different than was thought C. have a common body language D. are less intelligent than was expected 35. What can we human beings learn from cats and dogs? A. We should learn to live in harmony. B. We should know more about animals. C. We should live in peace with animals. D. We should learn more body languages. C A year after graduation, I was offered a position teaching a writing class. Teaching was a profession I had never seriously considered, though several of my stories had been published. I accepted the job without hesitation, as it would allow me to wear a tie and go by the name of Mr. Davis. My father went by the same name, and I liked to imagine people getting the two of us confused. “Wait a minute,” someone might say, “are you talking about Mr. Davis the retired man, or Mr. Davis the respectable scholar?” The position was offered at the last minute, and I was given two weeks to prepare, a period I spent searching for briefcase (公文包) and standing before my full-length mirror, repeating the words, “Hello, class. I’m Mr. Davis.” Sometimes I would give myself an aggressive voice. Sometimes I would sound experienced. But when the day eventually came, my nerves kicked in and the true Mr. Davis was there. I sounded not like a thoughtful professor, but rather a 12-year-old boy. I arrived in the classroom with paper cards designed in the shape of maple leaves. I had cut them myself out of orange construction paper. I saw nine students along a long table. I handed out the cards, and the students wrote down their names and fastened them to their breast pockets as I required. “All right then,” I said. “Okey, here we go.” Then I opened my briefcase and realized that I had never thought beyond this moment. I had been thinking that the students would be the first to talk, offering their thoughts and opinions on the events of the day. I had imagined that I would sit at the edge of the desk, overlooking a forests of hands. Every student would yell. “Calm down, you’ll all get your turn. One at a time, one at a time!” A terrible silence ruled the room, and seeing no other opinions, I inspected the students to pull out their notebooks and write a brief essay related to the theme of deep disappointment. 36. The author took the job to teach writing because ______. A. he wanted to be expected B. he had written some stories C. he wanted to please his father D. he had dreamed of being a teacher 37. What can we learn about the author from Paragraph 2? A. He would be aggressive in his first class. B. He was well-prepared for his first class. C. He got nervous upon the arrival of his first class. D. He waited long for the arrival of his first class. 38. Before he started his class, the author asked the students to ______. A. write down their suggestions on the paper cards B. cut maple leaves out of the construction paper C. cut some cards out of the construction paper D. write down their names on the paper cards 39. What did the students do when the author started his class? A. They began to talk. B. They stayed silent. C. They raised their hands. D. They shouted to be heard. 40. The author chose the composition topic probably because ______. A. he got disappointed with his first class B. he had prepared the topic before class C. he wanted to calm down the students D. he thought it was an easy topic D In a world with limited land, water and other natural resources (资源), the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise. Actually, the past decades has seen more and more forests disappearing and globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable (可持续的) ways. That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable products. In other words, we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources. Today, sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries. According to a recent study, the global market for low-carbon energy will become three times bigger over the next decades. China, for example, has set its mind on leading that market, hoping to seize chances in the new round of the global energy revolution. It is now tryuing hard to make full use of wind and solar energy, and is spending a huge amount of money making electric cars and high-speed trains. In addition, we are also seeing great growth in the global markets for sustainable products such as palm oil (棕榈油)，which is produced without cutting down valuable rainforest. In recent years the markets for sustainable products have grown by more than 50%. Governments can fully develop the potential of these new markets. First, they can set high targets for reducing carbon emissions (排放) and targets for saving and reusing energy. Besides, stronger arrangement of public resources like forests can also help to speed up the development. Finally, governments can avoid the huge expenses that are taking us in the wrong direction, and redirecting some of those expenses can accelerate the change from traditional model to a sustainable one. The major challenge of this century is to find ways to meet the needs of growing population within the limits of this single planet. That is no small task, but it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product industries. 41. The traditional business model is humful because of all the following EXCEPT that ______. A. It makes the world warmer B. it consumes natural resources C. it brings severe damage to forests D. it makes growth hard to continue 42. What can we infer from Paragraph 2? A. China lacks wind and solar energy. B. China is the leader of the low-carbon market. C. High-speed trains are a low-carbon development. D. Palm oil is made at the cost of valuable forests. 43. To full develop the low-carbon markets, government can ______. A. cut public expenses B. forbid carbon emission C. develop public resources D. encourage energy conservation 44. We can learn from the last paragraph that businesses have many chances to ______. A. develop sustainable products B. explore new natural resources C. make full use of natural resources D. deal with the major challenge 45. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To introduce a new business model. B. To compare two business models. C. To predict a change of the global market. D. To advocate sustainable development. 2010 年阅读理解(共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分) A When I was growing up in America, I was ashamed of my mother’s Chinese English. Because of her English, she was often treated unfairly. People in department stores, at banks, and at restaurants did not take her seriously, did not give her good service, pretended not to understand her, or even acted as if they did not hear her. My mother has long realized the limitations of her English as well. When I was fifteen, she used to have me call people on the phone to pretend 1 was she. I was foxed to ask for information or even to yell at people who had been rode to her. One time 1 had to call her stockbroker (股票 经纪人). I said in an adolescent voice that was not very convincing, "This is Mrs. Tan. " And my mother was standing beside me, whispering loudly, "Why he don’t send me cheek, already two week late. " And then, in perfect English I said, "I’m getting rather concerned. You agreed to send the check two weeks ago, but it hasn’t arrived. " Then she talked more loudly. "What he want? I come to New York tell him front of his boss. " And so I turned to the stockbroker again, "I can’t tolerate any more excuse. If I don’t receive the cheek immediately, I am going to have to speak to your manager when I am in New York next week. " The next week we ended up in New York. While 1 was sitting there red-faced, my mother, the real Mrs. Tan, was shouting to his boss in her broken English. When I was a teenager, my mother’s broken English embarrassed me. But now, I see it differently. To me, my mother’s English is perfectly clear, perfectly natural. It is my mother tongue. Her language, as I hear it, is vivid, direct, and full of observation and wisdom. It was the language that helped shape the way 1 saw things, expressed ideas, and made sense of the world. 41. Why was the author’s mother poorly served? A. She was unable to speak good English. B. She was often misunderstood. C. She was not clearly heard. D. She was not very polite. 42. From Paragraph 2, we know that the author was . A. good at pretending B. rode to the stockbroker C. ready to help her mother D. unwilling to phone for her mother 43. After the author made the phone call, . A. they forgave the stockbroker B. they failed to get the check C. they went to New York immediately D. they spoke to their boss at once 44. What does the author think of her mother’s English now? A. It confuses her B. It embarrasses her. C. It helps her understand the world. D. It helps her tolerate rude people. 45. We can infer from the passage that Chinese English . A. is clear and natural to non-native speakers B. is vivid and direct to non-native speakers C. has a very bad reputation in America D. may bring inconvenience in America B When something goes wrong, it can be very satisfying to say, "Well, it’s so-and-so’s fault. "or "I know I’m late, but it’s not my fault; the car broke down. " It is probably not your fault, but once you form the habit of blaming somebody or something else for a bad situation, you are a loser. You have no power and could do nothing that helps change the situation. However, you can have great power over what happens to you if you stop focusing on whom to blame and start focusing on how to remedy the situation. This is the winner’s key to success. Winners are great at overcoming problems. For example, if you were late because your car broke down, maybe you need to have your car examined more regularly. Or, you might start to carry along with you the useful phone numbers, so you could call for help when in need. For another example, if your colleague causes you problems on the job for lack of responsibility or ability, find ways of dealing with his irresponsibility or inability rather than simply blame the person. Ask to work with a different person, or don’t rely on this person. You should accept that the person is not reliable and find creative ways to work successfully regardless of how your colleague fails to do his job well. This is what being a winner is all about-creatively using your skills and talents so that you are successful no matter what happens. Winners don’t have fewer problems in their lives; they have just as many difficult situation to face as anybody else. They are just better at seeing those problems as challenges and opportunities to develop their own talents. So, stop focusing on "whose fault it is. " Once you are confident about your power over bad situations, problems are just stepping stones for success. 46. According to the passage, winners . A. deal with problems rather than blame others B. meet with fewer difficulties in their byes C. have responsible and able colleagues D. blame themselves rather than others 47. The underlined word remedy in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to . A. avoid B. accept C. impure D. Consider 48. When your colleague brings about a problem, you should . A. find a better way to handle the problem B. blame him for his lack of responsibility C. tell him to find the cause of the problem D. ask a more able colleague for help 49. When problems occur, winners take them as . A. excuses for their failures B. barriers to greater power C. challenges to their colleagues D. chances for self-development 50. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. A Winner’s Secret. B. A Winner’s Problem. C. A Winner’s Opportunity.[来源:学科网] D. A Winner’s Achievement. C Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning. Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly, The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food. Fever is one of the most common symptoms. Certain microorganisms (微生物) cause most types of food poisoning. Bacteria and other microorganisms can poison eggs, meat, vegetables, and many other foods. After entering the body, these tiny living things release (释 放) poisons that make people sick. Some chemicals can also cause food poisoning. They are often added to food while it is being grown, processed, or prepaid. For example, many farmers spray chemicals on crops to kill weeds and insects. Some people may have a bad reaction to those chemicals when they eat the crops. Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are harmful to people. These include certain kinds of seafood, grains, nuts, seeds, beans, and mushrooms. When people handle food properly, the risk of food poisoning is very small Microorganisms multiply rapidly in dirty places and in warm temperatures. This means that people should never touch food with ditty hands or put food on unwashed surfaces. Food should be kept in a refrigerator to stop microorganisms from gnawing. Meat needs to be cooked thoroughly to kill any dangerous microorganisms. People should also wash food covered with chemicals before eating it. Finally, people should not eat raid mushrooms or other foods that grow in the wild. Some of these foods may contain natural materials that are poisonous to humans. In addition, some types of fish can be poisonous. Most people recover from food poisoning after a few days of resting and drinking extra water. If people eat natural poisons, they must go to the hospital right away to have their stomachs emptied. 51. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. Food when poisoned can make people sick. B. Food poisoning means death. C. Food poisoning comes in varieties. D. Food poisoning can be serious. 52. We know from the passage that the symptoms of food poisoning . A. are always accompanied by a fever B. are too common to be noted C. can be noticed within hours D. can be ignored 53. Food poisoning can be caused by all the following EXCEPT . A. some chemicals B. low temperatures C. some tiny living things D. certain natural materials 54. From Paragraph 5, we can learn that A. mushrooms should not be eaten B. vegetables are safer than meat and seafood C. natural poisons are more dangerous than chemicals D. different types of food should be handled differently 55. It can be inferred from the passage that A. natural materials are safe in food processing B. chemicals are needed in food processing C. food poisoning can be kept under control D. food poisoning is out of control