【英语】2018届人教版必修3一轮复习：Unit3TheMillionPoundBankNote单元复习学案（19页）

【英语】2018届人教版必修3一轮复习：Unit3TheMillionPoundBankNote单元复习学案（19页）

Unit 3　The Million Pound Bank Note单元复习学案 教 材 面 面 观 单词拓展 ‎1.________n．出生地；故乡　________n．出生 ‎2．________n．小说；长篇故事　________n．小说家 ‎3．________n．冒险　________n．冒险家　________adj.冒险的 ‎4．________n．一场；现场；场面；景色 ‎5．________n．商人　________n．生意；商业 ‎6．________n．耐心　________adj.耐心的 ‎________adv.耐心地 ‎7．________n．礼貌；举止；方式 ‎8．________vi.漫游；漫步；徘徊 ‎9．________vt. & vt.许可；允许　________n．允许 ‎10．________vi.凝视；盯着看 ‎11．________vi.发现；认出 ‎12．________vt.寻找；探索 ‎13．________vt.尖叫 ‎14．________adj.难以置信的　________vt.相信　________n．信仰　________adj.相信的 ‎15．________adj.粗鲁的；无礼貌的　________n．粗鲁　________adv.粗鲁地 短语回顾 ‎1.bring________　　　　　　　抚养；培养；教育；提出 ‎2．go________ 前进；(用于祈使句)可以；往下说 ‎3．________accident 偶然；无意中；不小心 ‎4．stare________ 盯着看；凝视 ‎5．account________ 导致；做出解释 ‎6．________the contrary 与此相反；正相反 ‎7．________a chance 冒险 ‎8．________rags 衣衫褴褛 ‎9．as________ 关于；至于 ‎10．a large amount________ 大量的 ‎11．make a________ 打赌 ‎12．be________to do sth. 正要干……‎ ‎13．be________in 迷失在……‎ ‎14．________a matter of fact 事实上 ‎15．to be________ 说实话 句型背诵 ‎1.Well，towards nightfall I________myself________ ________to sea by a strong wind.‎ 嗯，夜晚来临的时候，我发现自己被一阵强风刮进了海里。‎ ‎2．And________ ________the ship________brought you to England.‎ 是那艘船把你带到英国来的。‎ ‎3．Indeed，sir，I hope you'll come here________you like.‎ 真的，先生，我希望您想来的时候就来。‎ ‎4．His eyes stare at ________ ________ ________ of his brother's dinner on the table.‎ 他的眼睛盯着桌子上兄弟两人所剩下的(饭菜)。‎ ‎5．________ ________ ________ ________ many Americans like to eat a lot.‎ 众所周知，许多美国人喜欢吃得多。 ‎ ‎6．You must come whenever you want and have ________ ________ ________.‎ 你可以随时来，想吃什么就吃什么。‎ 自我诊断 单词拓展 ‎1．birthplace；birth　2.novel；novelist　3.adventure；adventurer；adventurous　4.scene　5.businessman；business ‎6．patience；patient；patiently　7.manner　8.wander ‎9．permit；permission　10.stare　11.spot　12.seek ‎13．scream　14.unbelievable；believe；belief；believable ‎15．rude；rudeness；rudely 短语回顾 ‎1．up　2.ahead　3.by　4.at　5.for　6.on　7.take　8.in　9.for　10.of　11.bet　12.about　13.lost　14.as　15.honest 句型背诵 ‎1．found；carried out　2.it was；that　3.whenever　4.what is left　5.It is wellknown that　6.whatever you like 考 点 串 串 讲 重点单词 ‎1.fault n．缺点，缺陷；故障；过失，过错 ‎●用法拓展 find fault (with)挑剔；找出(……的)岔子；对……吹毛求疵 find fault in看出……的缺点；找出……毛病 ‎①His greatest fault is that he talks too much.‎ 他最大的缺点是说得太多。‎ ‎②He can but admit that it was his fault.‎ 他只得承认这是他的过错。‎ ‎③The truth is, I can find no fault with her.‎ 事实是，我对她挑不出一点毛病。‎ ‎④The manager found fault in the management of his department.‎ 经理找出了他们部门管理方面的毛病。‎ ‎●易混辨析 fault, weakness与mistake fault多指性格上的弱点，行为上的过失，强调因过失所导致的应负的责任。‎ mistake指“错误；误会，误解”，多指缺乏正确理解造成行动上或认识上的错误。‎ weakness指弱点或不足之处，是通用词，很少具有特殊的词义色彩。‎ ‎①It's your fault to make such a mistake.‎ 是你的过失导致了这样的错误。‎ ‎②We all have our little weakness.‎ 我们都有小的弱点。‎ 即境活用 改错 I have no mistake to find with your work.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：mistake→fault　‎ ‎2．manner n．方法；方式；样子；态度，举止；(pl.)礼貌，规矩；风俗，习惯；生活方式 ‎①The manner of presentation is highly important.‎ 介绍的方式很重要。‎ ‎②She has written a book on the manners and customs of the ancient Egyptians.‎ 她写了一本关于古埃及人习俗的书。‎ ‎●易混辨析 method, manner, way与means 这组词都可以表示“方法”或“方式”。‎ ‎(1)method是可数名词，其后接“of＋动名词”，不接不定式；特指有系统的方法、方式。‎ ‎(2)manner通常用单数形式，其后可以接“of＋动名词”。主要表示个人喜欢采用的方式，而且manner不用于表示传统或习俗所形成的方式方法。‎ ‎(3)way可数名词，最通用，可以用来代替前面的任何一个词。其后可以接to do...，也可以接“of＋动名词”。‎ ‎(4)means单复数形式相同，当该词前加a, this, that, every等时，表单数意义；当前面加such, these, those, all等时，表复数意义。means多指抽象的或概括性的方法。‎ ‎(5)用这种方式可用以下短语表达：in this way, with this method, by this means, in this manner ‎①They use modern methods of teaching.‎ 他们使用现代化的教学方法。‎ ‎②I don't object to what she says, but I strongly disapprove of her manner of saying it.‎ 我不反对她说的话，但我很反感她说这话的方式。‎ ‎③He always has his own way.‎ 他总是随心所欲。‎ ‎④The quickest means of travel is by plane.‎ 最快的旅行方式是乘坐飞机。‎ 即境活用 单项填空 ‎①That's the best way we should think of ________ the dying soldier.‎ A．helping　　　　　　　　B．saving C．operating D．to save ‎②In Japan, ________ car is ________ popular means of transportation.‎ A．the; a B．a; /‎ C．the; the D．a; the 答案：①D　②A　‎ ‎3．wander vi.漫游；漫步；漂泊 ‎●用法拓展 ‎(1)wander around到处闲逛 ‎(2)wander off离开(通常应待的地方)‎ ‎①I'll just wander around the mall for half an hour.‎ 我要在商场闲逛半个小时。‎ ‎②Don't let any of the kids wander off.‎ 不要让任何一个孩子走散。‎ ‎③I'm sorry, my mind was wandering. What did you say?‎ 对不起，我有点儿走神。刚才你说什么？‎ 即境活用 完成句子 ‎①My sister likes ________ ________ the city at night.‎ 我姐姐喜欢晚上在城市闲逛。‎ ‎②Jim ________ ________ the kitchen to make breakfast.‎ 吉姆信步走进厨房做早餐。‎ ‎③It's a safe place where kids can ________ ________ on their own.‎ 这是一个安全的地方，孩子们可以随便走动。‎ 答案：①wandering around　②wandered into　③wander off ‎4．amount n．数量　v．达到，总计(～to)‎ ‎●用法拓展 ‎(1)an amount of大量的……‎ ‎(2)the amount of ……的数量 ‎(3)amount to 达到，总计；等于，意味着 ‎●特别提醒 短语(1)(2)后跟不可数名词，短语(3)不能用进行时。‎ ‎①It's best to cook vegetables in a small amount of water.‎ 烹制蔬菜时最好少放水。‎ ‎②Her case has attracted an enormous amount of public sympathy.‎ 她的情况得到了无数公众的同情。‎ ‎③Dina encountered a fair amount of envy among her colleagues.‎ 黛娜遭到了不少同事的妒忌。‎ ‎④Time lost through illness amounted to 1,357 working days.‎ 因疾病而损失的时间总计达到1 357个工作日。‎ ‎⑤The court's decision amounts to a not guilty verdict.‎ 法庭的裁决等于宣判无罪。‎ ‎●易混辨析 ‎(1)amount常与不可数名词连用。large (small) amounts作主语时，谓语要用复数形式；a large (small) amount 作主语时，谓语用单数。‎ ‎(2)the number＋复数名词后接单数动词。‎ ‎(3)a number of＋复数名词；quantities of＋复数名词或不可数名词后接复数动词。‎ 即境活用 完成句子 ‎①You should put ________ ________ ________ ________ salt in a cake.‎ 你应该在蛋糕里放少量的盐。‎ ‎②________ ________ ________ money have been spent on the prevention and cure of Aids.‎ 大量的钱花在防治艾滋病上。‎ 答案：①a small amount of　②Large amounts of ‎5．permit vt.&vi.准许；许可；容许 n．执照；许可证 Circumstances do not permit me to help you/my helping you.‎ 情况不允许我帮助你。‎ If my health permits，I will come in June.‎ 如果我的健康状况容许的话，我将在六月份来。‎ You can't work here without a work permit.‎ 你没有许可证就不能在这里工作。‎ ‎●用法拓展 permit of容许有(常用于否定句)‎ an entry permit入境证 permission n．准许，批准 The party will be held in the garden，weather permitting ‎(＝if weather permits)．‎ 如果天气容许的话聚会将在花园举行。‎ ‎●易混辨析 permit，allow与let 三者都含“准许”的意思。‎ permit和allow在许多情况下可以通用，但它较allow正式，含有“积极地、正面地允许”的意义。如：‎ They don't permit you to smoke.‎ 他们不允许你抽烟。‎ allow指“并不反对”或“不加阻止”，偏重“默许”或“听任”，含义较消极。如：‎ Each passenger is allowed twentyfive kilogrammes of luggage.‎ 每位旅客允许携带二十五公斤的行李。‎ let是三个词中最不正式的，较口语化，而语意最弱，指“给予可能或同意”，有时含“难以阻止或限制”之意。如：‎ Let him wait.让他等一等。‎ 即境活用 用所给单词的适当形式填空 ‎①Are cats________(permit)in your kitchen?‎ ‎②We don't permit________(smoke)in any public areas.‎ ‎③Weather________(permit)，we'll go camping.‎ 答案：①permitted　②smoking　③permitting　‎ ‎6．contrary n．反面；对立面　adj.相反的；相连的 I will go on with my work unless I get the order to the contrary.‎ 我将继续工作直到我得到反对的命令。‎ The players on the contrary side now took their places.‎ 双方运动员开始各就各位。‎ My sister's taste in dresses is contrary to my own.‎ 在服装方面，我妹妹的爱好和我完全不同。‎ ‎●用法拓展 be contrary to 与……相反 by contraries 相反地；出乎预料地 on the contrary (与此)相反，不是……而是……，反之 quite/just the contrary 恰恰相反 to the contrary 反对地，与此相反地，有相反情况 即境活用 单项填空 ‎①—I suppose your wife doesn't understand you.‎ ‎—________， she understands me very well.‎ A．Before long　　　　　　　　B．On the contrary C．By accident D．Above all ‎②________ to what I had expected, he got lost for a second time in this city.‎ A．Against B．Possible C．Contrary D．Similar 答案：①B　②C　‎ ‎7．seek vt. & vi.寻找；探索；寻求 We sought an answer to the question, but couldn't find one.‎ 我们寻求这个问题的答案，可是没能找到。‎ We are earnestly seeking after/for the truth.‎ 我们在认真地寻找真理。‎ I will seek my doctor's advice.‎ 我将请教医生的意见。‎ ‎●用法拓展 seek shelter from rain 寻找避雨的地方 seek fame/help 求名/助 seek one's home 回家 seek one's bed 就寝 seek one's fortune 去闯天下 seek out 找出，搜出 即境活用 翻译句子 ‎①房间被彻底搜查后，发现了一点可疑(suspicious)的东西。‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎②他寻找机会与她说话。‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：①Something suspicious was found after the room was sought through.‎ ‎②He sought to speak to her.‎ ‎8．scene n．(戏剧的)一场；(电影，电视的)一个镜头；(事件发生的)地点；现场；景色；景象。‎ The scene of this film “The Million Pound Bank Note” is set England.‎ ‎《百万英镑》这部电影的场景是在英国。‎ The robber ran away from the scene before the police arrived.‎ 警察到达前强盗就逃离了现场。‎ They couldn't tear themselves away because the mountain scene was beautiful!‎ 他们流连忘返，因为山景非常美丽！‎ ‎●易混辨析 sight，view，scenery与scene scene指展现在眼前的情景，也可以指scenery的一部分，大多包括景物中的人及活动在内。‎ scenery指某地总的自然风景或景色，尤指美丽的乡间景色。通常是不可数名词。‎ sight则既可以指场景、眼前看到的景观，又可以指名胜、风景，只是在表示后者的含义时，必须要用复数。‎ view常指从远处或高处看到的scenery的一部分。‎ From the window of our hotel，we can get a fine view of the mountains.‎ 从旅馆的窗口我们可以看到秀丽的山景。‎ You can see a happy scene of children playing on the beach.‎ 你可以看到孩子们在海滩上玩耍的欢乐景象。‎ The scenery as one travels by boat along the Yellow River is marvelous.‎ 坐船游览黄河的时候，两岸的风景美不胜收。‎ After they got there，they decided to see the historical sights first.‎ 他们到达后，决定先游览名胜古迹。‎ 即境活用 单项填空 One of the advantages of living on the top floor of a highrise is that you can get a good________.‎ A．sight　B．scene C．view D．look 答案：C ‎9．patience n．耐心；忍耐；耐性；毅力 Learning to walk again after she was injured in the leg required great patience.‎ 腿部受伤后重新学习走路要有极大的毅力。‎ Her endless patience made her the best teacher in the primary school.‎ 她的无限的耐心使她成为这个小学最好的老师。‎ ‎●用法拓展 with patience耐心地 have no patience with不能容忍 lose patience with对……失去耐心 out of patience with对……不能忍受 be patient with对……有耐心 He was a handsome young man with patience and imagination.‎ 他是一位富于耐心和想象力的英俊男士。‎ He can make progress little by little.Please don't lose patience with him.‎ 他会逐渐进步的，请别对他丧失耐心。‎ The film star was not patient with the aggressive reporters.‎ 那位电影明星对那些死缠不休的记者们感到忍无可忍。‎ 即境活用 单项填空 ‎—Mary，hurry up！There is little time left.‎ ‎—I am getting dressed.Have a little________.‎ A．patience B．experience C．silence D．absence 答案：A ‎10．bet n．打赌 vt.与……打赌 ‎●用法拓展 have a bet on...下赌注在……‎ do sth. for a bet为打赌而做某事 bet(sth.)on...把赌注押在……上 bet(sb.)that...打赌说……‎ I bet...我敢肯定……；我相信……‎ 即境活用 单项填空 Mom had a bet________the Yankees and won $20.‎ A．in B．on C．at D．for 答案：B　have a bet on...为固定词组，意为“下赌注在……”，故应选B。‎ 重点短语 ‎1.account for 对……作出解释；说明原因；(指数量、比例等)占；捕捉，杀死，歼灭 ‎①His illness accounts for his absence.‎ 他因为生病，所以才缺席。‎ ‎②How do you account for the difference between them?‎ 你怎样解释他们之间的差异呢？‎ ‎③APEC's 21 member economies account for more than a third of the world's population and about 60% of world GDP.‎ 亚太经合组织的21个经济成员国的人口总数占世界总人口的三分之一多，国民生产总值占全球的60%。‎ ‎●用法拓展 keep an account of记录，记载 according to all accounts(＝from all accounts)‎ 根据各方面所说 give an account of报告，叙述，说明 on account of＝because of因为；由于 on no account＝in no way绝不(置于句首，句子要部分倒装)‎ take...into account＝take account of＝take...into consideration考虑到；顾及 ‎①Please keep an account of how long the job takes.‎ 请记录该工作需要的时间。‎ ‎②According to all accounts, that English party was an unusual entertainment.‎ 大家都说在那个英语晚会上玩得特别开心。‎ ‎③The newspaper gave an incorrect account of the traffic accident.‎ 这报纸提出的关于交通事故的叙述是不正确的。‎ ‎④The house collapsed on account of an earthquake.‎ 房屋因地震而倒塌。‎ ‎⑤That may be OK, but we must take everything into account.‎ 那可能是不错的，但是我们必须全面考虑。‎ 即境活用 单项填空 ‎—Jimmy had a lot of parties recently.‎ ‎—Yes, that might ________ why he didn't do well in the test.‎ A．sum up　 　B．add up to C．account for D．make sense of 答案：C　‎ ‎2．a large amount of许多，大量，用来修饰不可数名词。‎ ‎●用法拓展 a large amount of＋不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。‎ large amounts of＋不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数。‎ in large amounts大量地 in small amounts少量地 ‎①A large amount of money was wasted.‎ 浪费了大量的钱。‎ ‎②Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.‎ 建造这座桥花费了大笔的钱款。‎ ‎③In addition, they have been used in large amounts in many parts of the world.‎ 此外，在世界的许多地方，他们曾被大量使用。‎ ‎●用法拓展 修饰可数名词的不定量形容词有：‎ few, a few, several, many, a number of, a great many, hundreds of, dozens of, scores of 修饰不可数名词的有：a bit of, a little, little, a great deal of, a large amount of, much 既可修饰不可数名词又可修饰可数名词的有：all, a lot of, lots of, enough, plenty of, a large quantity of, large quantities of ‎①A good many things have happened since we left.‎ 自从我们离开以来，发生了许多事。‎ ‎②A great deal of her money goes for rent.‎ 她的钱大部分用来租房子住。‎ ‎③Our company has an office in Japan. A large quantity of our silk is sold there.‎ 我们公司在日本设有办事处，大量的丝绸在那里销售。‎ ‎●特别提醒 a lot, a great deal, much可用作副词，来修饰动词或者比较级。‎ 即境活用 单项填空 ‎①Crusoe stored ________ food in the new cave.‎ A．large quantities of　　　　B．a great many C．a large number of D．quite a lot ‎②________ work has been done to improve the people's living standard.‎ A．Many B．A great many C．A great deal of D．A number of ‎③Maggie's house is opposite to mine; we see each other ________.‎ A．a great deal B．a lot of C．a great many D．a number of 答案：①A　②C　③A　‎ ‎3．bring up抚养；教育；培养；提出 Her parents died when she was a baby and she was brought up by her aunt.‎ 她出生后不久父母双亡，是由姑母抚养大的。‎ These are matters that you can bring up in the committee.‎ 这些问题你可在委员会中提出。‎ ‎●用法拓展 bring sth. up呕吐 bring oneself to do sth.强迫自己做某事 bring up against使面对 即境活用 单项填空 His father died when he was young，and he was________by his mother.‎ A．brought up B．brought in C．brought out D．brought about 答案：A ‎4．go ahead请吧 If you want to use the telephone，go ahead.‎ 要是你想用电话，就用吧。‎ Go ahead and do what you like.‎ 去吧，喜欢干什么就干什么。‎ ‎●用法拓展 go ahead还有以下主要用法：‎ 着手干，相当于begin to do something。‎ 取得进展；取得进步，相当于make progress。‎ 前进，相当于go forward；先走，相当于go first。‎ 继续做，常与with连用，后接名词。‎ 含有“毫不犹豫地去做”的意思，常用于口语中，其具体含义要根据句子灵活翻译。‎ Once a decision is made，you must go ahead.‎ 一旦做出了决定，你必须着手去做。‎ After they smoothed away the misunderstanding，they were going ahead fast.‎ 误解消除后，他们进展得很快。‎ Although the weather was terrible，they still went ahead.‎ 尽管天气很糟糕，他们仍然继续前进。‎ ‎—I wonder if I could use your typewriter.‎ ‎—Sure，go ahead.‎ ‎——不知是否可以用一下你的打字机。‎ ‎——没问题，请便好了。‎ 即境活用 单项填空 He has been in the class only a few weeks and he is already________.‎ A．going on B．going along C．going ahead D．going out 答案：C ‎5．stare at盯着看；凝视 ‎●用法拓展 stare sb. down盯着某人不敢再对视下去 stare sb. in the face明摆着；显而易见 stare sb. into silence盯得某人不敢吭声 stare sb. up and down＝look sb. up and down上下打量某人 ‎●易混辨析 stare at，glare at，glance at与look at ‎①stare at“盯着”，表示由于吃惊、害怕、羡慕或沉思而睁大眼睛、目不转睛地注视，这种注视可能有意无意地表现出无礼或粗鲁的态度。‎ Crusoe stared at the footprint，full of fear.‎ 克鲁索盯着脚印，满心恐惧。‎ ‎②glare at“瞪眼，怒目而视”，表示由于生气而睁大眼睛用强烈的目光看，凶狠地、恐吓地注视，强调敌对或威胁。‎ Suddenly he saw two eyes glaring at him out of the darkness.‎ 突然，他看见黑暗中两道强烈的目光向他射来。‎ ‎③glance at指“瞥见，匆匆一瞥”。‎ He glanced at the dishes on the table.‎ 他瞥了一下桌子上的饭。‎ ‎④look at“看”，是最普通的，既没有吃惊、害怕、羡慕、无礼或粗鲁的态度，也没有凶狠或恐吓之意。‎ He looked at me and smiled.‎ 他望着我微笑。‎ 即境活用 用stare at，glare at，glance at或look at填空 ‎①He________his children and left in a hurry.‎ ‎②If you________the picture carefully，you can see a church in the distance.‎ ‎③They stood there，________each other，but didn't fight.‎ ‎④Children should be taught not to________foreigners.‎ 答案：①glanced at　②look at　③glaring at　④stare at ‎6．by accident 偶然地，意外地，相当于accidently。‎ We met by accident at the railway station.‎ 我们在火车站偶然相遇。‎ ‎●用法拓展 by mistake错误地；无心地 by chance偶然地，意外地 ‎①No doubt this happened by chance, but this chance made me very happy.‎ 毫无疑问这件事的发生是偶然的，但是这个偶然使我觉得非常幸福。‎ ‎②He restored the umbrella he had taken by mistake.‎ 他把拿错了的雨伞放回原处。‎ ‎●特别提醒 by accident的反义词组是on purpose, by design“故意地”。‎ 即境活用 单项填空 We hadn't planned to meet. We met ________ accident.‎ A．of　　　　　　　　B．in C．for D．by 答案：D　‎ ‎7．as for 至于；关于 I enjoy swimming. But as for my sister, she enjoys playing tennis.‎ 我喜欢游泳。至于我妹妹，她喜欢打网球。‎ As for the hotel, it was very uncomfortable and miles from the sea.‎ 至于旅馆呢，非常不舒服，而且离海边有好几里地。‎ As for the journey, we must decide about that later.‎ 关于旅行的事，我们须以后再决定。‎ ‎●用法拓展 as to＝as for关于，至于 concerning prep. 关于 as with与……一样 as it is 事实上，照现在这个样子 即境活用 单项填空 You think this is rather cheap, but ________ me, it is expensive.‎ A．as for　　　　　　　　B．as C．as well as D．as well 答案：A　‎ 重点句式 ‎1.I wonder，Mr Adams，if you'd mind us asking a few questions.‎ 亚当斯先生，不知你是否介意我们问几个问题。‎ ‎●用法拓展 ‎(1)I wonder if(whether)you...是表示委婉请求的句子，用于较为正式的场合。译为：不知您是否……。if(whether)you'd mind us asking a few questions在句子中作wonder的宾语。‎ ‎(2)动名词复合结构由“名词所有格/形容词性物主代词＋doing”构成，该结构在句子中能作主语、表语和宾语。在现代英语中，动名词复合结构作宾语时，其名词多用普通格，形容词性物主代词多用代词的宾格。mind us asking...就属于这种情况。如：‎ ‎①用作主语 Your winning the gold medal excited the whole family.‎ 你获得金牌令全家人都很兴奋。‎ ‎②用作宾语 I apologized for my(me)coming late.‎ 我迟到了，向你道歉。‎ ‎③用作表语 What worried the child was his not being allowed to play computer games even ‎ in holidays.‎ 使那个孩子不安的是即使在假期也不允许他玩电子游戏。‎ 即境活用 翻译句子 ‎①你介意我走近一点与你说话吗？‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎②他受伤正是他缺席的原因。(v.ing作主语)‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：①Do you mind my coming nearer to talk to you?‎ ‎②His getting hurt accounted for his absence.‎ ‎2．Well，towards nightfall I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind.‎ 哦，到傍晚时，我发觉自己被一阵大风刮到海里去了。‎ ‎●用法拓展 find＋宾语＋done发现某人/某物被……。如：‎ When he came back，he found the door locked.‎ 他回来时发现门被锁了。‎ The pretty girl found herself surrounded by many people when she came to herself.‎ 那位漂亮的女孩醒过来时，发现自己被许多人围着。‎ ‎●用法拓展 常用短语还有：‎ find oneself doing sth.发现自己(不知不觉或没有预先的)做某事 find oneself in/at...发现自己处于(某地或者某种情况中)。如：‎ Peter，who was usually shy，found himself talking to girls.‎ 彼得通常很害羞，但却发现自己不知不觉中已在跟女孩说话。‎ 即境活用 用所给单词的适当形式填空 ‎①I got a new job，but quickly I found it________(bore)．‎ ‎②I found the store in which I wanted to buy something________(close)．‎ ‎③Although she failed the exam，we couldn't find her________(depress)．‎ 答案：①boring　②closed　③depressed　‎ ‎3．I didn't know whether I could survive until morning.‎ 我都不知道是否能活到早晨。‎ ‎●用法拓展 ‎(1)whether I could survive是know的宾语从句，意思是“是否能活到”。‎ ‎(2)until/till在肯定句中意思是“一直到……(为止)”，在否定句中意思是“到……才；在……之前”。他们后面可接从句、名词、介词短语或副词。‎ ‎●特别提醒 判断until/till的意义要看主句中的谓语动词，如果是延续性动词，句子是肯定句，那么until/till的意思是“一直到……(为止)”；如果是瞬间动词，句子是否定句，那么till/until的意思是“到……才；在……之前”。如：‎ They kept talking until midnight.‎ 他们一直谈话到深夜(为止)。‎ We won't take any action until you come back.‎ 在你回来之前我们不会采取任何行动。‎ 即境活用 翻译句子 ‎①直到听到闹钟的铃声我才醒来。‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎②在他父亲给他在加拿大找到差事前，他一直在香港工作。‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎③她战前是个银行职员。‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：①I didn't wake up until I heard the alarm clock.‎ ‎②He worked in Hong Kong until his father found him a job in Canada.‎ ‎③She was a bank clerk until the war.‎ ‎4．The next morning I'd just about given myself up for lost when I was spotted by a ship.‎ 第二天早上，我正感到绝望时，一艘海船发现了我。‎ ‎●用法拓展 句中when是并列连词，而不是引导时间状语从句的从属连词。‎ when作并列连词时，相当于and then或and just at that time，往往表示一件事正在发生、即将发生或刚刚完成，而就在那时又发生了另一件事。常带有“突然”之意，可译为“正要……，突然……”，“正在……，这时……”或“刚刚……，这时……”。常用句型有：‎ be (just) about to do...when...正要……，突然……‎ be on the point of doing sth....when...正要……，突然……‎ be doing...when...正在……，突然……‎ be on the way to...when...正在……，这时……‎ had just done...when...刚刚……，这时……‎ ‎①They were just about to steal into the house, when a police car came and some policemen jumped off.‎ 他们正要溜进屋去，此时一辆警车开来，几名警察跳了下来。‎ ‎②We were swimming in the lake when suddenly the storm started.‎ 我们正在湖里游泳，这时下起了暴雨。‎ ‎ ③He was on the way home when a stranger stopped him.‎ 他正在回家的路上，这时有个陌生人拦住了他。‎ ‎④He had made up his mind when George came and told him something new.‎ 他刚下决心，这时乔治就来告诉他一些新情况。‎ 即境活用 单项填空 ‎①I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel ________ I heard the steps.‎ A．while　　　　　　　　B．when C．since D．after ‎②He had walked three or four miles ________ he saw a cart, full of hay, by the side of the road.‎ A．while B．when C．the moment D．unless 答案：①B　②B　‎ ‎5．It is wellknown that many Americans like to eat a lot.‎ 众所周知，许多美国人喜欢吃得多。‎ It is wellknown that...众所周知……，在该句中it作形式主语，代替后面的that从句。‎ It is wellknown that football is played in almost all the countries in the world.‎ 众所周知，几乎世界上所有的国家都踢足球。‎ It is wellknown that Liu Xiang quit the race because of his injury.‎ 众所周知，刘翔由于伤病退出了比赛。‎ ‎●用法拓展 as we all know...和as is wellknown都是非限制性定语从句，as是关系代词，在句中分别作宾语和主语。‎ What is wellknown is...，what引导的是主语从句。‎ As we all know，the 29th Olympic Games were held in Beijing.‎ 我们都知道，第29届奥运会是在北京召开的。‎ As is wellknown，China is developing rapidly in the past ten years.‎ 众所周知，在过去的十年里中国发展迅速。‎ What is wellknown is that more and more students are interested in his lessons.‎ 众所周知，越来越多的学生对他的课感兴趣。‎ 即境活用 单项填空 ‎________that“Prison Break” is one of the best TV series in the world.‎ A．It is wellknown B．As is wellknown C．As it is wellknown to all D．What is wellknown to all 答案：A ‎6．Indeed，sir，I hope you'll come here whenever you like.‎ 真的，先生，我希望您想来的时候就来。‎ whenever conj.“在任何时候，无论何时”，引导让步状语从句。‎ ‎●用法拓展 whoever，whomever，whichever，whatever，however，whenever，wherever这些疑问词＋ever可以引导让步状语从句。其中whoever，whichever，whatever也可以引导名词性从句。‎ ‎①whenever“在任何时候；无论何时”‎ Tom will come and see me whenever he comes to our company.‎ 每逢汤姆来我们公司，他都会来看我。‎ ‎②whoever“无论谁……；不管谁……”‎ a．引导状语从句 I won't believe it whoever told you that.‎ 不论谁告诉你的，我都不相信。‎ b．引导名词性从句 I'll take whoever wants to go there.‎ 谁去我就带他去。‎ ‎③whatever“所……的任何事情；无论什么；不管什么”‎ a．引导名词性从句，相当于anything that，意思是“所……的任何事情”，在语气上比what更加强调。‎ Whatever she did was right.‎ 她所做的一切都是对的。‎ Take whatever you want.‎ 你想要什么就拿什么吧。‎ b．引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter what，意思是“无论什么”，whatever在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。‎ Whatever happens，you mustn't lose heart.‎ 无论发生什么事情，你都不要丧失信心。(作主语)‎ Whatever you do，do it well.‎ 无论你做什么事情都要把它做好。(作宾语)‎ Whatever I am，it is useful to know several foreign languages.‎ 无论我干什么，懂几门外语总是有用的。(作表语)‎ You have to go on whatever difficulties you meet.‎ 不管遇到什么困难你都得进行下去。(作定语)‎ ‎④however“不管怎样……；无论如何……”‎ a．作连接副词，相当于no matter how，引导让步状语从句，意思是“无论……”，具体结构为：however＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语。‎ However rich people are，they always seem anxious to take more money.‎ 无论人们有多富裕，他们似乎总是渴望得到更多的钱。‎ b．作连词，引导让步状语从句，意思是“怎么样都行”。‎ In one's own home one can act however he wishes.‎ 在自己家里一个人想干什么都行。‎ however作副词，意为“然而”，不能引导从句。‎ We thought the figures were correct.However，we have now discovered some errors.‎ 我们原以为这些数据是正确的。然而，现在却发现一些错误。‎ 即境活用 单项填空 Eat________cake you like and leave the others for________comes in late.‎ A．any；no matter who B．every；whomever C．whichever；whoever D．either；who 答案：C　根据句子结构分析，两处都是宾语从句。A项中的no matter who不能引导名词性从句；B项中whomever不在从句中作主语；D项中who表示疑问的意义，况且，它不像whoever那样在主句和从句中都充当成分。‎ ‎7．Well，to be honest，I have none.‎ 哦，老实说，我一分钱都没有了。‎ ‎●用法拓展 to be honest＝honestly speaking，意为“老实说，说实话”。‎ 在句子中作独立成分，常见的这一类插入语有：‎ to tell(you)the truth说实话 to make matters worse更糟糕的是 to begin with首先 believe it or not信不信由你 judging from...根据……判断 generally speaking一般来说 to one's surprise/joy/disappointment 令某人吃惊/高兴/失望的是 strangely enough(＝strange to say)说来奇怪 what is important...重要的是……‎ what's more而且，更有甚者 given...考虑到……‎ considering...考虑到/鉴于……‎ seeing that...考虑到……‎ suppose/supposing...假设……‎ assuming...假设……‎ provided/providing...如果……；只要……‎ 即境活用 单项填空 ‎________，some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless.‎ A．Strangely enough B．Enough strangely C．Strange enough D．Enough strange 答案：A　strangely enough＝strange to ‎ say，意为“真奇怪，说来奇怪”，在句子中作状语，故选A。‎ 知 能 层 层 练 一、单项填空 ‎1．He couldn't ________ the reason why the money was found in his room.‎ A．answer for　　　　　　　　B．account for C．speak of D．result from 答案：B 解析：account for“说明；解释”。answer for...“对……负责”；speak of“谈及”；result from“起因于”。‎ ‎2．They offered ________ prices for her paintings, which made her parents and teacher surprised but happy.‎ A．unbelievable B．acceptable C．agreeable D．sociable 答案：A 解析：由非限制性定语从句可知该价格是高的让人难以相信，故unbelievable符合题意。‎ ‎3．As there was not much chance to find good jobs in their hometown, a lot of young people tried to ________ their fortune in cities.‎ A．find B．find out C．seek D．look 答案：C 解析：seek“寻找”，seek one's fortune“碰运气”。find“找到”，强调找到的结果；find out“找出；查明”；look意为“看”，后接宾语需加介词at。‎ ‎4．Used to TV shows, where everything is quick and entertaining, many people do not have the ________ to read a book that requires thinking.‎ A．courage B．wisdom C．patience D．freedom 答案：C 解析：patience“耐心”，符合题意。‎ ‎5．In his own restaurant，he would immediately fire any employee who was ‎ ________ to a customer.‎ A．rude B．considerate C．accessible D．selfish 答案：A 解析：be rude to...“对……粗鲁的”，为固定搭配。‎ ‎6．After the explosion, the factory was a(n) ________ of total confusion.‎ A．scene B．situation C．view D．occasion 答案：A 解析：scene常指展现在眼前的情景或场面，包括人和物在内。situation“情形；境遇”；view指人以一定的角度所看到的景色；occasion“场合”。‎ ‎7．In order to become successful, you must first explore your talents and get to know yourself so as to find out ________ your real interest lies.‎ A．that B．which C．what D．where 答案：D 解析：分析句子成分可知，lie后缺少地点状语，故用where引导的find out的宾语从句。‎ ‎8．Your ability has never been in doubt—the question is ________ you are prepared to work hard.‎ A．that B．whether C．if D．how 答案：B 解析：whether引导表语从句，表示不确定的事，符合题意。that引导名词性从句在从句中不充当任何成分；if不引导表语从句；how表示方式。‎ ‎9．I think she hurt feelings on purpose rather than ________ as she claimed.‎ A．by design B．by accident C．by choice D．by mistake 答案：B 解析：by accident“无意地；偶然地”，与on purpose“故意地”意思相反，符合题意。‎ ‎10．—Can I ask you a few questions?‎ ‎—________.‎ A．Don't mention it B．Take it easy C．You are welcome D．Go right ahead 答案：D 解析：go ahead常用于对别人提出的请求给予肯定的回答，意为“请便”，符合语境。‎ 二、根据汉语意思完成下列句子。(每空一词)‎ ‎1．你认识那个衣衫褴褛的人吗？‎ Do you know the person who ________ ________ ________？‎ ‎2．尽管他被告知在那儿很难找到工作，但他仍然决定去冒险。‎ Though he was told it was hard to find a job there, he still decided to ________ ________ ________.‎ ‎3．关于聚会要用的食物，都在置办当中。‎ ‎________ ________ food for the party, that's all being taken care of.‎ ‎4．他无法说明他旷课的原因。‎ He could not ________ ________ his absence from school.‎ ‎5．他偶然发现了弟弟藏宝的地方。‎ ‎________ ________， he found the place where his brother had hidden the treasure.‎ 答案：1.is in rags　2.take a chance　3.As for　4.account for ‎5．By accident 三、每空填一词，使上下两句的意思相同或相近 ‎1．When he walked down the street, he heard his named called.‎ ‎________ along the street, he heard someone ________ his name.‎ ‎2．When he came to himself, he found he had been taken to hospital.‎ When he came to himself, he found ________ ________ ________ hospital.‎ ‎3．Do you mind if I open the window?‎ Would you mind ________ ________ the window?‎ ‎4．To tell you the truth, I've no money on hand.‎ ‎________ ________ ________， I've no money on hand.‎ ‎5．It wasn't a good thing but a huge mistake.‎ It wasn't a good thing; ________ ________ ________ it was a huge mistake.‎ 答案：1.Walking; calling　2.himself taken to　3.my/me opening　4.To be honest　5.on the contrary 四、用适当的连接词填空 ‎1．I am surprised ________ he has left without saying goodbye.‎ ‎2．I don't know ________ you've got in the box.‎ ‎3．Please tell me ________ the word“super”comes from.‎ ‎4．Please find out ________ the education system has undergone great changes.‎ ‎5．There were times when I wondered ________ or not we would get there.‎ ‎6．That's ________ we have to take all these tests before joining the final competition.‎ ‎7．Will you tell me ________ I should dress for this job interview?‎ ‎8．I don't know ________ on earth would live in such a lonely place.‎ ‎9．The problem is ________ we can get enough food.‎ ‎10．He asked ________ keys were on the kitchen counter.‎ 答案：1.that　2.what　3.where　4.when/why　5.whether ‎6．why　7.how　8.who　9.whether/how　10.whose/whether 五、根据括号内的提示翻译下列句子 ‎1．我们不允许人们在这里吵闹。(permit)‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎2．他在会上提出了这个问题。(bring up)‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎3．他很高，在人群中一眼就能被看见。(spot)‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎4．尽管四处寻找，也没有找到治疗这种病的特效药。(seek)‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：1.We don't permit people to make a noise here.‎ ‎2．He brought the matter up at the conference/meeting.‎ ‎3．He is very tall and can be easily spotted in the crowd.‎ ‎4．The special medicine for the disease wasn't found though sought everywhere.‎ 写 作 点 点 金 写作专题指导六　通知 技巧点拨 通知是一种常用的应用文体，用来把有关事情告知特定的读者或听众。通知的正文就是通告的内容，这是主体部分，包括通告的对象、事由、时间、地点等。它分为书面通知和口头通知两种，这两种通知在格式上有较大差别。‎ 一、书面通知的格式 书面通知通常由开头词(Notice)、通知正文、发通知者的名称、发通知的日期这四个部分组成。其基本写法是：‎ ‎1．正文上方中间处写标志(Notice)或NOTICE。当发出单位的名称写在通知标志前面，且通知单位名称的各字母大写时，通知标志用NOTICE；若通知单位的名称只有名词的第一个字母大写时，通知标志就用Notice。标志后可以有编号，也可以没有编号。‎ ‎2．正文的右下角是发通知的单位名称(个人则用名字)。若以文件形式通知，则要把发出通知的单位名称写在正文和通知标志的上面。如果发通知的单位名称已用作正文的开头，最后就不再署名。‎ ‎3．发出通知的日期一般写在左下角，并低于发通知单位所在的那一行的位置。‎ ‎4．通知的正文一般含有三点内容：通知事项、时间及地点。通知要求开门见山。简明扼要地把出席对象、注意事项和要求写清楚。‎ ‎5．发出通知的单位和通知的对象一般都用第三人称，但正文前面若已用称呼语，那么就应该用第二人称表示被通知的对象。‎ 二、书面通知常用语 书面通知的时态以一般现在时和一般将来时为主，书面通知的语言多用祈使句和简单句，以使读者对通知的内容一目了然。‎ 书面通知常用语有：‎ Notice is here by given that...‎ A lecture will be given on the history of Britain by Prof. Smith from Harvard University.‎ Please be here.　 Be sure to attend on time.‎ Everybody is expected to attend...　The meeting will be put off till...‎ 三、口头通知常用语 口头通知与书面通知在格式上完全不同，它有称呼语、开头语、引出话题语、正文、结束语。‎ ‎1．称呼语 口头通知必须有称呼语。‎ Ladies and gentlemen.　Dear schoolmates/classmates.‎ ‎2．开头语 在通知的开头通常用以下用语，以便引起听话人的注意。‎ May I have your attention, please?‎ Please be quiet, everyone!‎ Be quiet, please.‎ Attention, please, everyone.‎ Listen, please.‎ Attention, please, ladies and gentlemen!‎ ‎3．引出话题语 在开始发布通知前常用以下开场白：‎ There is something important I have to tell you.‎ I have something important to tell you.‎ There is going to be a．..‎ ‎4．结束语 在通知结束时，常用以下结束语。‎ That's all. Thank you.‎ So much for it. Thank you.‎ Any questions?‎ Does everyone understand？‎ 示范训练 你校学生会将为来访的美国朋友举办一个晚会，要在学校广播中宣布此事，并欢迎大家参加。为使美国朋友听懂，请你用英语写一篇广播通知。要点如下：‎ 宗旨：欢迎来访的美国朋友 组织者：学生会 时间：8月15日(星期六)晚7：30‎ 地点：主楼屋顶花园 活动内容：音乐、跳舞、唱歌、游戏、交换小礼品(请包装好、签名并在包装外面写上祝愿词)‎ 注意：1.词数：100左右；‎ ‎2．应包括以上要点，但不要逐字翻译，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文；‎ ‎3．开头语已为你写好；‎ ‎4．参考词汇：交换礼品 exchange gifts 学生会 the Students' Union 范例 Ladies and gentlemen，‎ May I have your attention，please？I have an announcement to make.The Students' Union is going to hold a party on Saturday evening，August 15，to welcome our friends from the United States.The party will be held in the roof garden of the Main Building.It will begin at 7：30 p．m.There will be music，dancing，singing，games and exchange of gifts.Will everybody please bring along a small gift for this purpose？Remember to wrap it up，sign your name and write a few words of good wishes.‎ There will be a lot of fun.Everybody is welcome.You will exchange gifts with foreign friends.‎ Don't forget to come on time.‎