冲刺2019年高考英语黄金考点解析解密22：语法填空

冲刺2019年高考英语黄金考点解析解密22：语法填空

1. 考纲解读，知己知彼 新课标全国卷语法填空题，是 2014 年开始实施的，到 2017 年，已经连续考了四年。根据《2018 年高 考英语科全国卷考纲说明》，对语法填空题型约定了命题素材为短文形式。要求如下：在一篇 200 词左右的 语言材料中留出 10 个空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生，阅读下面材料，在空白处填 入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 2. 题型解读，了然于胸 语法填空题设空 10 个，大致有如下特点： （1）有提示词的为 7 个空，无提示词为 3 个空； （2）有提示词一般考查：动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词（人称代词、物主代词）等； （3）无提示词一般考查：冠词、介词、连词、代词（不定代词）等； 3. 考点剖析，游刃有余 具体策略：我们一一分析，以便对症下药。首先我们讲一下 7 个给出提示词的考点：（有提示词一 般考查：动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词等；） ◆动词（重要考点，着重讲解） 如果该空给出动词原形，我们有三个考虑：填写谓语部分（考查 时态、语态），或是填写非谓语动词（动词的-ing 形式，动词不定 式）；或填写词性转化 (转为名词、形容词)。 例 1： My main interest in volunteering started from realizing that traveling not only 62 (offer) chances to see new places, but opportunities of meeting and understanding new people… 本题给出了动词 offer，我们要根据上面的规律考虑变化，结合语境可知此处用一般现在时，表示一 般的情况。 同学们请看这两个例子： 例 2. A boy on a bike ________ (catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. 考点详解 例 3. In Logan, three people ________ (take) to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic. 例 4. （本题 61 题）：The keys to reaching or staying at a healthy weight 61 (be) regular exercise and good eating habits. 我们发现，这两个句子中，都缺少谓语动词，那么，所给动词就是谓语动词,则本空就是考查动词的 时态、语态，例 2 中，后面的时态是过去进行时，那么所给词 catch 就要用的一般过去时，前后才呼应， 故答案是 caught。注意这是一个不规则动词。例 3 中，后面一句的时态是一般过去时的被动语态，所给词 是 take，根据语境可知，这里也表示“被送往”，故答案是 were taken。例 4 中，所给词是 be，句子没有 系动词，所以我们只需要考虑时态，语态，通过分析句子，我们知道，主语是 keys，时态是一般现在时， 故答案是 are。 若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用 doing 形式，done 形式，还是 to do 形式。非谓语的形式一定要考虑它与其逻辑主语之间的关系。如：（本 题 69） Lastly, it allowed me 69 (reflect) on the differences between my lifestyle and those in Paris, … 本句中，谓语动词明显是 allowed，“允许某人做某事”应用 allow sb. to do sth.这一结构。这里 就是考查的动词不定式。 现在，我们看看 2016 年高考语法填空题非谓语动词都考了什么： 1．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，66)...a TV show in the mid­1980s，when I was the first Western TV reporter________(permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 【答案与解析】permitted　句意：……那时我是第一个被允许拍摄一个特殊的关于照料…… 的单元的西方电视台记者。TV reporter 和 permit 之间是被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。 2．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，67) My ambassadorial duties will include ________(introduce) British visitors to the 120­plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. 3．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，49) If you find something you love doing outside of the office，you'll be less likely ________(bring)your work home. 【答案与解析】to bring　句意：如果你在办公室外面发现了你喜欢做的事情，你就不太可 能把工作带回家去做。be likely to do sth.“可能做某事”。 4． (2016·浙江，1)—Are you sure you're ready for the test? —No problem. I'm well ________(prepare)for it. 【答案与解析】prepared　句意：——你确定你准备好考试了吗？——没问题。我已经做好 准备了。I 作主语，be 动词后要接动词的­ed 形式充当表语。 5．(2016·浙江，19) I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do ________(work) with students. 【答案与解析】working　句意：我在海上航行和现在做的和学生一起进行的工作一样快乐。 这里用现在分词表示伴随。 ◆名词 如果给出名词，多考虑变化其复数形式或形容词形式等。 如：（本题 65 题） …their daily 65 (activity), their favorite places in Paris, their travels, and more. 现在，我们看看 2016 年高考语法填空题名词都考了什么： 1．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，69) The nursery team switches him every few ________(day) with his sister... 【答案与解析】days　every few + 复数名词意为“每隔……”every few days 每隔几天 。2．(2016·新 课标Ⅱ，66) Recent________(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks… 【答案与解析】studies　考查名词复数。谓语动词为 show，故空格处应填 study 的复数形式。 如，本题 68 和 70 题： …coupled with integrating(融入) myself into the French society, gave me a sense of comfort and ◆形容词、副词 给出形容词，主要考查两个方面：变副词或变比较级、 最高级； 给出副词，主要考查变比较级或最高级； pride that I was 68 (actual) living there. 【答案与解析】actually 考查词性转换。此处应用副词作状语，修饰谓语动词。 Lastly, it allowed me to reflect (reflect) on the differences between my lifestyle and those in Paris, thus 70 (far) broadening my knowledge as well as increasing more enthusiasm in traveling. 【答案与解析】further 考查副词的比较级。此处副词的比较级修饰现在分词短语，意为＂更进一步＂。 现在，我们看看 2016 年高考语法填空题形容词、副词都考了什么 1．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，63) The title will be ________(official) given to me at a ceremony in London... 【答案与解析】officially　考查副词。所填词修饰动词 given，故用副词形式。 2．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，67) …if we take short breaks ________(regular) 【答案与解析】regularly　考查副词。所填词修饰动词 take，故用副词形式。 ◆代词 如果是人称代词，考虑其单复数形式，主格、宾格等； 如果是物主代词，则要考虑是用名词性物主代词，还是形容词 性物主代词等。 如，本题 64 题： During these sessions, I encouraged the students — as they liked to call 64 (them),… 【答案与解析】themselves call 后面接宾语，此处用反身代词作宾语。 现在，我们看看 2016 年高考语法填空题代词都考了什么 (2016·新课标Ⅰ，68) I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by ________(it) mother. 【答案与解析】its　考查代词。mother 是名词，故此处填 it 的形容词性物主代词 it。 接下来我们讲一下 3 个不给出提示词的考点： 不给词语填写限定词的时候，很可能是填介词，代词，冠词，助动词/ 情态动词，疑问副词，连词（连接并列句，复合句）等。 如：本题第 61,63 和 67 题 Studying abroad in Paris during 61 autumn of 2013, I volunteered at a senior citizen association. 【答案与解析】the 所填的词位于名词之前，结合以上的规律，可知此处应填冠词。 …but opportunities of meeting and understanding new people with similar 63 different ideas and values. Having the free and enough time to become familiar 67 Paris itself… 【答案与解析】with此空可由 familiar 这个形容词推断出答案。becomefamiliarwith 是固定短语， 意为＂对……熟悉＂。 现在，我们看看 2016 年高考语法不给提示词都考了什么 （也可以先分析本篇题目中不给提示词的例子。） 1．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，64) But my connection with panda goes back________ my days... 【答案与解析】to　考查介词。go back to 追溯到。 2．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，70) …while one is being bottled-fed, ________other is with mum… 【答案与解析】the　考查冠词。one…the other….一个……另一个…… 3．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，65) …try to be as productive ________possible… 【答案与解析】as　考查连词。as … as possible 尽可能……句意：尽可能高效。 这些考点很多考的是固定搭配与常用句型，因此，熟记一些高考高频搭配和句型，对解题非常有帮 助。如： 常见搭配 generally speaking 一般来说 in terms of… 就……来说，从……角度 show…in 带或领……进来 once more 再一次 　　in need of 需要…… regardless of 不管，不顾 　　at most 至多，最多 cut up 切碎 　　fed up with 受够了，饱受，厌烦 look ahead 向前看，为将来打算 date back 追溯到……等 常考句型 so/such…that…, it is… (for sb.) to do sth., there is no doubt that…, there is no sense in doing sth.等等 这样的句型很多很多，不一一列举，希望同学们课下加以总结，经常背背。 第一部分 有提示词题目的解题技巧 有提示词题目是指＂使用括号中词语的正确形式填空＂这类题，近年来的高考题只考查谓语动词的时 态和被动语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较级、词类转化等四种情况。 专题一　谓语动词 【考点】 谓语 时态 主动 被动 一般现在时 do/does am/is/are done 现在完成时 have/has done have/has been done 现在进行时 am/is/are doing am/is/are being done 一般过去时 did was/were done 过去完成时 had done had been done 过去进行时 was/were doing was/were being done 一般将来时 will do will be done 过去将来时 would do would be done 【解题技巧】 当句子缺少谓语动词时， 括号中的动词就是谓语动词。此时，要根据语境确定用哪种时态，根据主语 与该动词的主动或被动关系确定用主动语态还是用被动语态。具体解题技巧如下： 第一步：确定句中是否缺谓语或并列谓语，如缺谓语动词，则填谓语动词。 第二步：若为谓语动词，就要看主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系，以确定用主动语态还是被动语 态，同时还要根据语境考虑用哪种时态。 第三步：要注意主谓一致。 【典型例析】 1.He ______(pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice. 【答案】was pretending 2.One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he ________ (find) that he had run out of salt. 【解析】在主语 he 后，find 显然为谓语动词；由前面句意可知，此处为一般过去时，故填 found。 【答案】found 3. I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car ________(break) down near a remote village. 【解析】在 when 后的分句中，my car 是主语，其后的 break 应为谓语动词；由全文可知，这是叙述过去的 经历，用一般过去时；再说 was / were doing... when...did...是一个固定句型，when 后面的句 子的谓语用一般过去时， 表示＂正在做某事， 就在这个时候突然发生了另外一事＂， 故填 broke。 【答案】broke 专题二 非谓语动词 【考点】 非谓语(无时态，有语态) 主动 被动 doing being done having done have been done to do to be done to have done to have been done 【解题技巧】 当句中已有谓语动词又没有并列连词与括号中的动词并列，该动词就是非谓语动词。 此时，就要根据非谓语动词的用法确定用具体的某种形式。如作主语或宾语，就用动名词 (表一般意义)或 不定式形式(表具体意义)；作目的状语或在形容词后作状语，用不定式；作伴随状语或作定语，要根据与 逻辑主语的关系，用现在分词或过去分词；有时也要根据句式搭配来确定，如 see/hear/ notice sb.do/doing sth., spend...doing sth.等。具体解题技巧如下： 第一步：若句中已有谓语，也不是作并列谓语时，应为非谓语动词。 第二步：根据非谓语动词在句中所作句子成分、句式的特殊要求，或某些词语的特殊要求，确定用哪种非 谓语动词形式。如作目的状语一般用不定式形式，作主语或宾语用­ing 形式或不定式，在 enjoy, finish 等动词后作宾语用­ing 形式，在 decide, refuse 等动词后作宾语要用不定式形式等等。 第三步：确定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语是主动还是被动关系。 第四步：根据非谓语动词的动作与谓语动词的动作发生的先后关系确定用一般式还是用完成式。 【典型例析】 1.I noticed a man ________ (sit) at the front. 【解析】句中已有谓语动词 noticed，且 sit 前没有并列连词， 因此 sit 是非谓语动词；由固定句式 notice sb. doing / do sth.(注意到某人在做/做了某事)可知填 sitting 或 sit, 但根据文中提供的情境， 不难推出作者＂注意到＂时，那个人是＂正坐在＂作者前面的，故填 sitting 更准确、更切实际、 也更生动。 【答案】sitting 2.＂In the beginning, there was only a very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always________(think) that it was only small and not very important, and look where we have ended up today.＂ 【解析】此句已有谓语 added，并且没有并列连词，又因为 everyone 与 think 为主动关系，故用 thinking 作 added 的伴随状语。 【答案】thinking 3.While she was getting me ________(settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car... 【答案】settled 专题三 形容词和副词的比较级或最高级 【考点】 形容词作定语，形容词和副词的比较等级或最高级，词义比较等。 【解题技巧】 当括号中所给词是形容词或副词，且空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时，要根据语境，理解句意，若 该词意思不变，逻辑上讲得通，就很可能填该词的比较级(或最高级)；若需要用与该词意义相反的词逻辑 才通顺的，就要在该词前加表示否定或相反意义的前缀。注意：要善于分析语境，辨别省略了 than...的隐 性比较级。具体解题技巧如下： 第一步：分析结构，确定所给词在句子中作定语还是状语。 第二步：根据结构、语境或句子意义确定是填比较级还是最高级。 【典型例析】 1.The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be ________(sweet)． 【解析】用 nothing 与 an act of kindness and love 相对比，这里是用比较级的否定形式表示最高级。 【答案】sweeter 2. If he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong. It might have made it a little______ (hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didn’t stop the kids in the class. 【解析】此处仍需填形容词，结合上下文意思，＂任何人想看他可能会显得有点难，因为要转过头来。＂应填 比较级 harder。 【答案】harder 3.He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy since the crop did ＂grow＂ ________(high)． 【答案】higher 专题四 词类转换 【考点】词类转换多以派生词变化为主： 形容词→副词 wide→widely 形容词→形容词比较级/最高级 wide→wider/widest 形容词→名词 wide→width 形容词→动词 wide→ widen 动词→名词 instruct → instruction (s) 特殊变性 happy →happily, simple →simply， true →truly, arrange →arrangement， judge →judgment 【解题技巧】 当空格处所需词类与括号中所给词的词类不同时，就需要词类转化。我们可据以下 3 条规则顺利解题： (1)作主语或宾语用名词形式；(2)作定语、表语或补足语用形容词形式；(3)修饰动词、形容词或另一副词， 作状语，用副词形式。具体解题技巧如下： 第一步：分析结构，确定要填的词在句中充当哪种句子成分。在名词前作定语、在系动词后作表语、作主 语和宾语的补足语，一般要用形容词；修饰动词、形容词或副词，或修饰整个句子，作状语，用 副词；作主语或宾语用名词，或者在冠词、形容词性物主代词或名词所有格后，用名词。 第二步：根据构词法将括号中的词变成所需要的词类。 注意： 1. 有时不但要注意词性转换，而且还要考虑用表示相反意义的前缀或后缀， 其逻辑意义才通顺； 2. 当所给词的词性与空格处所需词的词性相同时， 无需改变词性， 就可能是加只改变词义但不改变词性 的前缀了。 【典型例析】 1.For some reason he sat beside Mary. Mary felt__________(please), because there were many empty seats in the room. 【解析】felt 为连系动词，后面要接形容词或分词作其表语，因此变成形容词性分词 pleased。 【答案】pleased 2. Jane knew from past experience that her________(choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father. 【解析】在 that 引导的宾语从句中作主语应当用名词，或者说，在形容词性物主代词后，一定是用名词形 式，故填 choice。 【答案】choice 3. He failed his maths examination because of his________(care) work. 【解析】在名词前作定语，要用形容词；由 failed...可知，要填表示否定意义的 careless(粗心大意的), 意义才通顺。 【答案】careless 4.In Alaska, the wolf almost ________(appear) a few years ago, because hunters were killing hundreds of them for sport. 【答案】disappear 第二部分 无提示词题目的解题技巧 无提示词题目指的是＂在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）＂这类题，五年来，这类题只考代词、冠 词、关联词和介词。那么什么情况下填代词？何时填冠词？何时填关联词？ 何时填介词呢？ 专题一　代词 【考点】不定代词、指示代词和替代词的用法，it 的用法和人称代词的主格和宾格。 人称代词 (主格/宾格) 反身代词 名词性物 主代词 常考的不定代词 指示代词 I/me myself mine other/ another you yourself/ yourselves yours both/neither/either he/him himself his all / none this/ that she/her herself hers nothing/ nobody it itself its everything/ everybody we/us ourselves ours anything/ anybody these/ those they/them themselves theirs something/ somebody 【解题技巧】 当句子缺主语或宾语时，填代词：人称代词主格和宾格、指示代词或 it。因为充当主语或宾语的应是 名词或代词，而在语法填空的纯空格中一般是不要求考生填名词的，所以只要句子缺主语或宾语，就填代 词。此时，要根据前后语境，看该空格是指人还是事物，指男还是指女，是单数还是复数。除人称代词外， 也有可能是填不定代词等。还有可能是填作形式主语或形式宾语的 it，替代后面作真正的主语或宾语的不 定式、动名词或从句。解题技巧如下： 第一步：分析句子结构。若句子缺主语，则要填代词主格、指示代词、不定代词或 it；若动词或介词后面 缺宾语，则要填代词的宾格、指示代词、不定代词或 it。如果该宾格与主语是同一人，应用反身 代词。 第二步：理解句子意思。根据各个代词的意义和用法，以及句子所需的意义，填入合适的代词。 【典型例析】 1.Behind him were other people to whom he was trying to talk, but after some minutes ________ walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed. 【解析】因 but 后的并列句中缺主语，应填代词； 根据语境，不难推断坐到我附近的应是他后面的那些人， 即 other people， 指人，是复数，作主语，应当填 they。 【答案】they 2. I rose from my seat I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had an amazing conversation. He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home. I’m glad I made a choice. It made ______ of us feel good. 【答案】both 3.＂Do you need those glasses for medical reasons？＂...Then he took________ off, gave a big smile and said, ＂That is cool.＂ 【解析】空格处于动词 took 和介词 off 之间，该处缺宾语，指代前面的 glasses。 【答案】them 专题二 限定词 【考点】冠词、形容词性物主代词或作定语用的不定代词： 冠词 形容词性物主代词 作定语用的代词 my a(一个) your some (一些) his an(一个) her another (另一个) its ourthe(那个，这个) their other (其他的) 【解题技巧】 在作主语、宾语或表语的名词或＂形容词＋名词＂前，一般要用限定词。 限定词是指冠词、形容词性物主代词，或可以作定语的不定代词等。此时，要根据句子的意思来确定 空格的语境意义，由此来判断具体填什么词。如表示特指，大体相当于＂这、这些、那、那些＂时用 the； 表示＂一(个、本、座……)＂时用不定冠词 a 或 an；表示＂某人的＂，用物主代词；表示＂一些＂用 some，表示＂另一个＂用 another，表示＂其他的＂用 other 等。解题技巧如下： 第一步：分析句子结构。若空格后的名词或者＂形容词＋名词＂前没有形容词性物主代词、不定代词、冠 词等限定词时，很可能是填限定词。 第二步：理解句子意思。根据所需意义选择恰当的限定语，如需＂一(个、座、次……)＂填不定冠词，需 　　　　＂某人的＂填物主代词，需＂其它的＂填 other。 【典型例析】 1. I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had_________ amazing conversation. 【解析】作宾语的名词 amazing conversation 前应填限定词；根据习惯搭配可知填不定冠词 an，因为 have a conversation 意为＂谈话＂。 【答案】an 2. But she quickly realized that it wasn’t her, it was probably the fact that she sat in ________ last row. 【解析】last row 为＂形容词＋名词＂前没有限定词，根据结构应该填限定词，the last...为固定搭配。 【答案】the 3. The head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to ________small town some 20 kilometres away where there was a garage. 【答案】a 专题三　介词 【考点】 before 在(时、空)之前 across 横 过 、 在……上 till 直到…… like 像…… after 在(时、空)之后 through 在…… 中穿过 for 表原因、目的 to 表方向 above 在……上面 by 在……旁边， 乘船、车等 behind 在……后面 of 表所属关系 over 在……正上方 with 表伴随(具 有) beside 在……旁 around 在……周围 under 在……正下方 at、in、on 表时 间、地点 near 附近…… up 向上 on 在……表面 between 表 在 二 者之间 along 沿着…… down 向下 in 在……里面 among 表在三者 之间 from 来自…… off 远 as 作为 beyond 超出……范围 toward 朝、 向…… 【解题技巧】 当空格后的名词、代词或动名词不是作主语、表语，也不是作动词的宾语时，填介词。因为名词和代 词最典型的用法是作主语或宾语，既然不作主语和动词的宾语，就应是作介词的宾语了，所以要填介词。 具体填什么介词，由介词与该名词的搭配及其意义来决定，也可能是由动词或谓语与介词的句式搭配来决 定。具体解题技巧如下： 第一步：若空格后是名词、代词、动名词或 what 从句，且他们不是作主语或作动词的宾语时，很可能就是 填介词。 第二步：根据具体的语境或空格所在的句子意思来确定填哪个介词。 【典型例析】 1. I didn’t want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didn’t like leaving him ________his own either. 【答案】on 2. The new boy looked at the teacher _______ a few seconds and all the other students wondered what the boy would do. 【解析】a few seconds 在句中不作主语，也不作动词的宾语，就应是作介词的宾语，空格处应填介词；表 时间段应该用介词 for。 【答案】for 3. The only reason a man would sell sale________ a lower price would be because he wait desperate for money. 【答案】at 专题四　关联词 【考点】 关系代词 who (主语)　whom (宾语)　that(主语/宾语)　which(主 语/宾语)　whose(所有格) 定语从句 关系副词 when(时间)　where(地点)　why(原因)　how(方式) 名词性 连词 that，if，whether 连接代词 that，which，who，whom，whose，as，what，whether从句 连接副词 when，why，where，how(＋ever) 因果关系 because, as, since, so 转折关系 though, but 假设关系 if, unless　 让步关系 though, although 时间关系 when, while, as, before, after, until, since 结果关系 so...that...，such...that... 连词 比较关系 as...as...，than 【解题技巧】 当空格前后都是句子(一个主谓关系算一个句子)，且这两个句子之间没有关联词时，填关联词；若并 列的两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，填表示联合、选择、转折等意义的连词(and/but/so/or)；从属 句间常依据句子的属性是名词性从句、形容词性从句还是副词性从句来确定其关联词。具体解题技巧如下： 第一步：分析结构，若两个句子(有两个主谓结构)之间，没有句号或分号，也没有连接词，空格必填连接 词(此处的连接词包括并列连词，如：and, but, or, while, so, for 等；引导状语从句的从属连 词；引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词；引导名词性从句的连接代词、连接副词和连词 that, if, whether)。 第二步：根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或根据句式结构来确定是并列结构还是某种主从复合句。 第三步：若是主从复合句，要根据从句的特点，结合连词的意义和作用，确定填具体的某个连接词。 【典型例析】 1. Behind him were other people to ________ he was trying to talk，... 【答案】whom 2. _______ he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong. 【解析】该处为两个简单句，应填关联词，根据句意可知为让步关系。 【答案】Though/ Although 3.The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered _________ the boy would do. 【解析】空格前后都是句子且这两个句子之间没有关联词， 应填关联词；该处缺宾语，what 引导宾语从句。 【答案】what 专题五　情态动词和助动词 【考点】 情态动词 1 can，will，shall，may，must，need 情态动词 2 could，would，should，might 助动词 1 do，does，did 助动词 2 have，has，had 【解题技巧】 1．若句子结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能是 填情态动词，或强调谓语的 do, does, did, 或构成部分倒装的助动词 do，does，did 等； 2．还要注意有可能是部分倒装，填助动词 have，has，had 与主语后的过去分词以构成完成时； 3．填 it 或 that，以构成 it is/ was...that...这个强调句型。 【典型例析】 1. Listen to these words from Darwin P．Kingsley: ＂You have powers you never dreamed of. You can do things you never thought you ________do. There are no limitations in what you can do except the limitations of your own mind.＂ 【答案】could 2. I explained that while I didn’t carry any cash, I________ happen to have a new blanket, and asked him if he could use it. He was thrilled. 【解析】因谓语动词 happen 是原形，而前后语境的谓语动词都是过去式，时态不一致，所以此处应填情态 动词或助动词；由句意＂我解释说， 虽然我没有带现金， 但我的确恰好有一张新毯子＂， 故填 助动词 did，对谓语动词进行强调。 【答案】did 第三部分 特殊句式及固定搭配 专题一 特殊句式 考点一 倒装句 1.在英语中，把谓语全部放在主语之前的倒装句，称为完全倒装句。常见的完全倒装句有以下几种： ①在 there 引导的句子中，谓语是 be, exist, live, lie 等表示状态的动词时，用完全倒装句。 ②地点状语位于句首，主语为名词且谓语为不及物动词时，用完全倒装句。 ③作表语的形容词、分词或介词短语置于句首时，用完全倒装句。 ④表示地点和动作转移的副词，如:here, there, up, down, in, away, out 等置于句首且主语是名词时， 句子用完全倒装。 注意：当主语是代词时，不倒装。如： ☛Here comes the bus./Here it comes. 2.在英语中，把助动词、情态动词或 be 动词移到主语之前称为部分倒装。常见的部分倒装句有以下几种： ①当 so/neither/nor 位于句首时，可将其后的部分谓语置于主语之前，构成部分倒装。 ②＂only+状语/状语从句＂位于句首时，主句中的主语和谓语要部分倒装。 ③表示否定意义的副词或介词短语放在句首时要部分倒装。此类副词或介词短语主要有 not, little, hardly, never, by no means, on no condition, in no case, nowhere, seldom, nor 等。 ④在含有 had/were/should 的虚拟条件句中，可以省略 if，将 had/were/should 放在主语之前，构成部分 倒装。 ⑤hardly...when..., no sooner...than..., not only...but also...等引导两个分句，且 hardly, no sooner, not only 等提到句首时，前一个分句用部分倒装，后一个分句不变。 ⑥在 so...that...句式中，如果 so 引导的部分位于句首，主句中的主语和谓语需要部分倒装。 ⑦as/though 引导的让步状语从句中，将表语置于句首构成部分倒装。 【典型例析】 Only when he reached the tea-house _______he realize it was the same place he’d been in last year. 【答案】did　 考点二 强调句 强调句型的基本结构为：It is/was+被强调部分+that/who...。在这个句型中，it 没有词汇意义，只 是引出被强调的成分。如果被强调的成分是表示人的词，用 who 或 that 来连接都可以。如果是其他成分， 则一律用 that 来连接。被强调部分错综复杂，容易与其他从句混淆。区分的方法是把句中的 It is/was 和 that/who 去掉，如果句子成立，且句意通顺，就是强调句型，否则就不是强调句型。如：It is Jane that/who has been living in London since she left China.去掉 It is 和 that/who，还原为 Jane has been living in London since she left China.作为句子完全成立，由此可以判断该句为强调句型。 使用强调句型的几个注意事项： (1)被强调成分是主语，who/that 之后的谓语动词应该在人称和数上与原句中的主语保持一致。 ☛It is I who am right. 对的是我。 ☛ It is he who is wrong.错的是他。 ☛ It is the students who are lovely.可爱的是学生们。 (2)被强调成分即使是在句子中作时间状语、地点状语、原因状语等，也不能用 when, where, because，而 要用 that。 ☛ It was after the war was over that Einstein was able to come back to his research work again.正是在战后爱因斯坦才得以重返研究工作。 ☛It was in front of the bank that the lady was robbed.那位女士是在银行前面遭遇抢劫的。 ☛It was because of the heavy rain that he came late.他是因为下大雨来晚的。 (3)被强调成分是作主语的代词时用主格，是作宾语的代词时用宾格。It was he that helped me yesterday.昨天是他帮助了我。 ☛It was me that he helped yesterday. 他昨天帮助的是我。 (4)被强调部分既包括人又包括物，用 that 不用 who。 ☛It was the things and people that they remembered that they were talking about.他们谈论的是他们记 得的人和事。 【易混易错】 强调句型与主语从句、状语从句、定语从句的区别 1.强调句型与主语从句的比较 强调句型将句子中的 itis/was 与 that/who 同时省去，句子仍然成立；而包含主语从句的句子用 that 从 句代替 it，句子成立。如： ☛It was Li Lei’s brother that you met in the street yesterday.你昨天在街上遇到的是李雷的哥哥。 (本句若将 It was 及 that 同时省去为：You met Li Lei’s brother in the street yesterday.句子同样成立， 因此本句是强调句型。) ☛It is exciting that we have succeeded in sending up Shenzhou X.我们成功地发射了神舟十号这件事情真 令人兴奋。(本句若将 It is 及 that 同时省去为：We have succeeded exciting in sending up Shenzhou X.显然句子错误，因此，本句不是强调句型，that 引导主语从句，it 是形式主语。) 2.强调句型与定语从句的比较 强调句型中的 it 没有实际意义，it is/was 与 that/who 去掉后句子结构仍然完整。但定语从句中的 it be 和作主语的 that 去掉后句子结构不完整。 3.强调句型与状语从句的比较 强调句型中的 it is/was 与 that/who 同时省去，句子仍然成立；而包含状语从句的句子 it 是主语。如： ☛It was 8 o’clock when they went home.他们回家时是 8 点。 (句中代词 it 作主语，指代时间，when 引导时间状语从句) ☛It was at 8 o’clock that they went home.他们是在 8 点回家的。 (本句是强调句型，at 8 o’clock 是被强调部分) 【典型例析】 It was not until near the end of the letter _______ she mentioned her own plan. 【解析】分析句子结构可知，此处构成 not until 的强调句型，应填 that。句意：直到将近信的结尾她才 提到自己的计划。本题为强调句型，被强调部分为 not until near the end of the letter。原句为： She didn’t mention her own plan until near the end of the letter.。 【答案】that 考点三 祈使句 【典型例析】 ________(knock) at the door before you enter my room, please. 【答案】Knock 专题二 固定搭配 考点 1 常见词组 as a matter of fact；be proud of； by the way；come from；according to；congratulate...on...； devote...to...；earn one’s living；keep one’s word； make up one’s mind； be concerned about...；catch up with...； keep an eye on...；concentrate on...等。 考点 2 特殊固定用法 keep...doing sth.；prevent...from doing...；like doing...；need doing； feel like doing； get sth. done； have sth. done；have sb. doing/do sth.；enjoy doing； succeed in doing 等。 考点 3 常用句型 so/such...that... It is...(for sb./of sb.) to do sth. There is no doubt/need that... There is no sense in doing sth. It’s ( high) time that sb. did/should do sth. It is no good/use doing sth. not only...but also... It is/was the first (second) time that sb. has done/had done sth. It is no wonder that... 特殊句型结构及固定搭配在语法填空中主要考查对其掌握的熟悉程度，所以我们要善于积累，牢记固 定搭配和特殊句型，答题时注意固定搭配的介词、名词、动词的形式和特殊句型的形式主语、连接词及相 应时态的运用等。 代词 it 在特殊句型中非常活跃，所以考生需要特别注意包含 it 的常用句型： 1.用在动词 like, love, dislike, hate, appreciate 等后作宾语。如： ☛I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.我讨厌人们满嘴食物说话。 2.作形式主语或形式宾语 ①用于＂It is+adj./n.+不定式或动词-ing 形式或 that 从句＂中。如： ☛It is certain that he will succeed.他一定会成功。 ②用于＂It seems/appears/happens/occurs to sb.+that 从句＂中。如： ☛It occurred to me that I should ask the police for help.我突然想起我应该向警方求助。 ③用于＂It looks as if/as though...＂中。如: ☛It looks as if we’re going to miss the plane.似乎我们要误了班机了。 ④用于＂It is+过去分词+that 从句＂中。如: ☛It is believed that he will be admitted to Beijing University.人们相信他将被北京大学录取。 ⑤用于＂think/find/make+it+adj./n.+不定式或动词-ing 形式或 that 从句＂中。如： ☛I make it a rule to walk two miles a day.我通常每天步行两英里路。 ⑥用于 take it for granted that..., bring it to one’s attention that...,see to it that...等句型中。 如： ☛We take it for granted that water is free at restaurants.我们认为在餐馆里水免费饮用是理所当然的事 情。 3.构成特定句型 ①It is/has been...since... ☛It is almost ten years since he enjoyed himself so much.将近有十年时间他没这么高兴过了。 ②It was (not)/will(not) be...before... ☛It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position.不久他就感受到此处的危险。 ③It is sb.’s turn to do sth. ☛It’s my turn to look after the baby.轮到我看孩子了。 【典型例析】 1.When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough _______ (cool) the house during the hot day;_______ the same time, they warm up again for the night. 【答案】to cool; at　 2. Keep________ (hold) your position for a while. It helps develop your strength and flexibility. 【答案】holding 3.It took years of work ________(reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. 【解析】It takes/took (sb.)+...+to do sth.为固定句型，意思是＂做某事花费(某人)多长时间＂。所以 此处填动词不定式。 【答案】to reduce　 【解题口诀，助你成功】 （见下图） （这个口诀挺好，把考点一网打尽你，建议使用。） 题组一 2017 年真题在线 Test 1 (2017·新课标全国卷Ⅰ) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界） 61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight. Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food ___67___ (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes. Like 检测训练 anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了对于食物中的脂肪和盐分，人们的态度不一。脂肪和盐 分对于健康来说是必不可少的，但如果人们摄入过多的脂肪和盐分，自身的健康将会受到损害。 64. are removed 考查被动语态。句意：当脂肪和盐分从食物中被去掉。分析可知 fat，salt 和 move 之间是 被动关系，脂肪和盐分是两种东西，且是被人们去掉，所以用被动语态。故填 are removed。 65. a 考查冠词。固定短语 as a result 表示“结果”。句意：结果，人们将吃更多的食物去弥 补 损失的东西。故填 a。 66. worse 考查比较级。句意：更糟糕的是，人们所吃快餐的数量增加了。故填 worse。 67. is 考查主谓一致。句意：快餐食物中满是脂肪和盐。fast food 的意思是“快餐”，表 示一类 食物，为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填 is。 68. eating 考查动名词。句意：通过吃更多的快餐，人们将在饮食中摄入超过需求量的脂肪和盐。 根据前文中的 by 可知此处应该填名词、动名词，所以填 eating。 69. careful 考查形容词。句意：然而，注意不要走极端。分析语境可知 be 后面应该用形容词作 表语， 故填 careful。 Test 2 (2017·新课标全国卷Ⅱ) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In 1863the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 61 (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 62 work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, 63 (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 64 top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced. Steam engines 65 (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been 66 (fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using 67 every day. Later, engineers 68 (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the 69 (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most 70 (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了地铁的最初发展史。 61.crowds 考查名词，此处表示复数概念，crowd 前没有冠词，且它是可数名词，故填 crowds。 62.from 考查介词，to and from 来回，故填 from。 63.laying 考查动词，这里是由 and 连接的三个动词-ing 形式，故填 laying。 64.the 考查名词，top 是名词，前要用冠词，故填 the. 65.were used 考查被动语态，此处表示过去的被动，故填 were used。 66.fairly 考查副词，这里 fair 是形容词，pleasant 也是形容词，所以需要将 fair 变为副词来修 饰形容词， 故填 fairly。 67.it 考查代词，这里用 it 指代前句的 railway,故填 it。 68.managed 考查动词，此处表示过去的情况，所以这里也应用一般过去时，故填 managed。 69.introduction 考查词性转换，空格前是 the,后面应该是名词，故填名词 introduction。 70.successful 考查形容词，空格前是 most,其后要跟形容词构成最高级，故填 successful。 Test 3 (2017·新课标全国Ⅲ) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A-level course. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 61 (rest). Instead, she is earning £6500 a day as 62 model in New York. Sarah 63 (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model full-time. But Sarah, 64 has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 65 (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her 66 (educate). She has turned down several 67 (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree 68 engineering or architecture. Sarah says, ＂My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 69 (come) first. I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is 70 (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don’t want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can’t model any more.＂ 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了 Sarah Thomas 在学业和诱人的职业面前所做出的选择，她认为在青少年 时期要把学业放在首位。 64. who 考查定语从句。非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为 Sarah，指人，要用 who。 65. to prove 考查非谓语动词。want to do sth.想要做某事。 66. education 考查词形转换。形容词性物主代词后面应该接名词形式。 67. invitations 考查名词单复数。several 修饰可数名词复数形式，故填 invitations。 68. in 考查介词。in 表示＂在某方面＂，获得某项学位 ＂get a degree in…＂。 69. comes 考查动词。根据语境可知 Sarah 认为当下应该是学业第一，说明现在的情况应该用一般现在 时。 70. certainly 考查副词。修饰动词应该用副词形式，故填 certainly。 Test 4 (2017·浙江卷) 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 56 (carrot) and was about to throw them away. But something made her look closer, and she noticed a 57 (shine) object. Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring. Pahlsson screamed 58 loudly that her daughter came running from the house. ＂She thought I had hurt 59 (I),＂says Pahlsson. Sixteen years 60 (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 61 (cook) a meal. When she wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone. She suspected that one of her three daughters — then ten, eight, and six—had picked it up, but the girls said they hadn’t. Pahlsson and her husband 62 (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. ＂ I gave up hope of finding my ring again,＂ she says. She never replaced it. Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 63 (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 64 it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it. For Pahlsson, its return was 65 wonder. 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了 Lena Pahlsson 在花园里拔胡萝卜时，找到了丢失已久的 结婚戒指的故事。 56. carrots 【解析】考查名词。根据＂a handful of ＂可知要用 carrot 的复数形式，故填 carrots。 57. shiny/shining 【解析】考查形容词。a 为冠词，object 为名词，横线处应填写形容词。故填 shiny 或 shining。 61. to cook 【解析】考查动词不定式。一个句子不能出现双重谓语，所以此处要用不定式作目的状语。故 填 to cook。 62. searched 【解析】考查动词时态。根据＂but turned up nothing＂可知这里是叙述过去发生的事情， 要用一般过去时，故填 searched。 63. swept 【解析】考查动词。ring 与 sweep 之间是被动关系，要用被动语态。故填 swept。 64. where 【解析】考查连接词。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，定语从句中缺少地点状语，先 行词为 the garden，表示地点，故填关系副词 where。 65. a 【解析】考查冠词。wonder 是可数名词的单数形式，且此处表示泛指，因此其前应加不定冠词 a。故 填 a。 题组二 2016 年真题在线 Test1 (2016·新课标全国卷 I) 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top 61 (attract). So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I 62 （allow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be 63 (official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back 64 my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, 65 I was the first Western TV reporter 66 (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include 67 (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. On my recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 68 (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few 69 ( day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, 70 other is with mum-she never suspects. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者作为特邀人员在四川成都的大熊猫基地的所见所闻。 64.to 考查介词。go back to 是固定搭配，意为＂追溯到＂。 65.when考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导定语从句，且在从句中作时间状语，故填关系副 词 when。 66.permitted考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，permit 与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系，故填过去分词 permitted 作后置定语，相当于 that/who was permitted。 Test2（2016·新课标全国卷 II） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形。 If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别)those of 61 (great)and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of 62 (achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 43 (be) often acceptable. Most of us are more focused 64 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive 65 possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished. Recent 66 (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 67 (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 68 while, exercising, or dong something you enjoy. If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely 69 (bring) your work home. It could be anything-gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is, 70 (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about. 【语篇解读】本文属于说明，告诉我们当工作压力太大的时候，应该怎么做来合理释放压力。 61. greater 考查形容词的比较级。根据语境及下文的＂and less importance＂可知，此处应用形容词的 比较级来修饰 importance，故填 greater。 62. achievement 考查词性转换。首先处理最重要的工作以便你能感到一种真实的成就感。介词后接名词， a real sense of achievement 意为＂一种真实的成就感＂。 63.is 考查主谓一致和时态。把不太重要的事情留到明天通常是可以接受的。分析句子结构可知，该句中 的主语为动名词短语＂Leaving the less important things until tomorrow＂，故谓语动词为第三人称单 数形式，且全文的基本时态为一般现在时。故填 is。 64.on 考查介词。我们中的大多数人在早上的时候会比我们在一天中的晚些时候更加集中于我们的工作。 固定短语 be focused on 意为＂集中于……＂。故填 on。 65.as 考查连词。因此，早点儿开始并且在午饭前要尽可能高效。固定结构 as…as possible 意为＂尽可 能……＂。 66.studies 考查名词复数。最新的研究表明，如果我们有规律地短暂休息的话，我们在工作中会变得高 效得多。分析句子结构可知，谓语动词为 show，为复数形式，且 study 作＂研究，调查＂讲时为可数名 词，故主语应为复数。故填 studies。 Test3 (2016·新课标全国卷 III) 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 In much of Asia, especially the so-called ＂rice bowl＂ cultures of China, Japan, Korea, 61 Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks. Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might 62 (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 63 (create) special designs. The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, 64 (use) twigs(树枝)to remove it. Over time, 65 the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 66 (gradual) turned into chopsticks. Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 67 lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the 68 (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 69 (be) too violent for use at the table. Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat 70 their hands. 【语篇解读】本文介绍了筷子的材质与中国使用筷子的悠久历史及文化内涵。 61.and 考查并列连词。分析句子结构及语境可知，Vietnam 与空前的＂China， Japan， Korea＂之间是并 列关系，故填并列连词 and。 62.be made 考查被动语态。此处指真正雅致的筷子可能是由金和银做成的。根据 make 与句子主语 Truly elegant chopsticks 之间是动宾关系及空前的＂might＂可知，此处应填 be made。 63.tocreate 考查非谓语动词。熟练的工人也会把各种各样的硬木和金属组合起来以创作独特的设计。根 据句意可知，此处应用不定式作目的状语。 64.using 考查非谓语动词。use 与其逻辑主语 People 之间是主谓关系，故此处用现在分词作状语。 65.as/when 考查状语从句。随着人口的增长或当人口增长时，人们开始把食物切成小片。根据句意和句 子结构可知，空处引导状语从句，表示＂随着＂或＂当……时＂，故填 as 或 when。 Test4 (2016·上海) Stress: Good or Bad? Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed. In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things, it is only too much stress(34)______ does you harm. It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck at home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the (35)_____(good) your performance will be. Beyond a certain point, though, further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself (36)_______ number of questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of (37)______, and yet find it impossible to say no? Do you find yourself getting impatient or(38) _____(annoy) with people over unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better(39)______(control ) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you. To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc. If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40)_______ (get )ill. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，压力成为了我们生活中常见的一个词汇。文章告诉我们一定范围之 内的压力能促进我们的工作，但一旦压力过大，就会给我们的生活带来很多负面的影响。 33. has been regarded 考查动词的时态和语态。本句的时间状语是 inrecentyears 最近几年以来， 该时间状语通常和现在完成时连用，且句子主语 stress 与动词 regard 构成被动关系，所以使用现在完 成时的被动语态形式 has been regarded。 34. that 考查强调句型。强调句型的基本结构为 Itis/was 被强调成分 that/who 其它成分；其最大的 特点就是去掉 it is/was…that/who…句子仍然成立。要注意强调句型能强调除谓语动词以为的所有的句 子成分。本句强调的是句子主语 only too much stress。 37. you 考查上下文串联。句意：例如，你是否感觉到对你期待得太多了？本句的主语是 you，所以仍 然使用宾格 you 作为介词 of 的宾语。 38. annoyed 考查形容词。形容词 annoyed 恼怒的，该词是由过去分词转换而来的形容词，通常用来 修饰人。本句中该词和 impatient 构成并列关系一起和系动词 get 构成系表结构。 39. control 考查固定搭配。动词短语 had better do sth 最好做某事；＂had better＂是情态动词， 后面要接动词原形。 40. to get 考查形容词短语。形容词短语 be likely to do sth 可能做某事；句意：如果你生活中的 压力超过 150，你就非常有可能生病了。 题组三 名校模拟 Test 1 Mr. James owns a company. He put an advertisement 　1　a newspaper for a boy to work in his office. Out of nearly fifty people 　2　came to apply, the man selected one and dismissed 　3　 others. “I would like to know,” said a friend, “the reason you preferred that boy, who brought neither a single letter, 　4　a single recommendation.” “You are wrong,” said the gentlemen. “He had many. He wiped his feet at the door and closed the door behind him, 　5　(mean) that he was careful. He gave his seat immediately to an old man, showing that he was kind and 　6　(thought). He took off his cap when he came in and answered my questions quickly, showing that he was a polite gentleman. Everyone else steeped over the book that I 　7　(put) on the floor purposely. He picked 　8　up and placed it on the table, and he waited quietly for his turn instead of pushing and crowding. When I talked to him, I noticed his tidy clothing, his 　9　(neat) brushed hair, and his clean finger mails. Can’t you see that these are excellent recommendations? I considered them to be more significant than 　 10　 (letter).” Hearing the words, the friend nodded in agreement. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记述文。通过一个面试告诉我们：细节决定成败。 1．in 考查介词。根据句意：他把一个广告刊登进一份报纸里。考查搭配 put sth. in…。故此处需要填 介 词 in。 7．had put 考查时态。根据句意 put 应发生在 steeped over 前，所以用过去完成时。 8．it 考查代词。根据此句中的″…and placed it on the table,”可看出应填 it 9．neatly 考查副词。所填词是修饰其后的形容词 brushed，所以用副词。 10．letters 考查名词复数。根据句意：我认为它们比信件更重要。可知所填词应是名词，letter 又是可 数 名词故用复数形式。 Test 2 Disney’s cartoon movie, Coco, has become 　1　hit and received plenty of positive 　2　 (review). It tells a story about a Mexican boy 　 3 　 (name) Miguel. Despite his family generation-old ban 　4　music, Miguel dreams of becoming an accomplished musician. Desperate to prove his talent for music, he finds 　5　(he) in the amazing and colorful Land of the Dead, 　6　(follow) a mysterious chain of events. Along the way, he 　7　(meet) a singer, Hector, and 　8　(passionate) they set off on an extraordinary journey. It is a tale told with considerable wisdom and genuine tenderness. While the movie’s 　9　 (conclude) is not difficult to predict, anyone 　10　heart is not warmed by it may wish to consult with an therapist (心理治疗师). 【语篇解读】本文是迪士尼卡通电影 Coco 的剧情介绍，讲述了墨西哥男孩 Miguel 的音乐之旅。 1．a 考查冠词。become a hit 表示“风靡一时”，故填 a。 2．reviews 考查名词。plenty of 修饰可数名词复数，故填 reviews。 8．passionately 考查副词。修饰动词短语 set off 用副词。 9．conclusion 考查名词。此处用名词作主语，由 is 判断用单数。 10．whose 考查定语从句。此处为定语从句，先行词为 anyone，关系词在从句中作定语。 Test 3 As you know, science plays 　1　very important role in our education. Do you want to keep up 　2　the latest research and discoveries in science? There are many good websites 　3　you can check out the latest in the science world. One great site is Science News for Kids. This site reports science news 　4　(cover) a wide range of subjects. The articles are intended for younger readers, but adults will find this site 　5　(suit) for them as well. Another wonderful site, one that I check out every day, 　6　 (call) Science Daily. The site is 　7　(constant) updated with news, often about exciting 　8　 (finding) that change how we view the world. These sites post the latest stories and also keep all the past articles they 　9　(post) earlier. That way you can find articles just about anything that 　10　(be) related to the science fields you are interested in. 【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了适合学习科站。 1．a 考查冠词。Play a role 表示“起作用”，故填 a。 2．with 考查介词。 keep up with 表示“赶得上、保持联系”。 3．where 考查定语从句。此处为定语从句，先行词为 websites，从句中缺少地点状语。 4．covering 考查非谓语动词。News 与 cover 之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词 作定语。 5．suitable 考查形容词。此处缺少形容词作表语，故填 suitable。 Test 4 A woman suddenly 　1　(go) blind in one eye after playing a mobile phone game for a whole week in Guangdong province last month. The unnamed woman admitted to regularly playing the game for seven or eight hours without moving and finally lost 　2　(she) right eyesight. The game, Arena of Valor, 　3　(know) as Honour of Kings, has become hugely popular in China and is due to be limited across the US and Europe. Being 　4　world’s most popular online battle game, it already has over 200 million players in China. The battle game 　5　(put) together a team of five players who have to fight others in a fantasy land filled 　6　characters, and players can buy extra features 　7　playing. The eye injury follows series of 　8　(incident). In June, a child in Shenzhen stole 30,000 yuan (£3,450) from his parents to buy add-ons, and a 13-year-old in Hangzhou severely injured his legs after jumping from a five-storey building to escape from his father who was trying to stop him playing. In a country 　9　60 percent of the population has a smart-phone, the game has been highly 　10　(success), partly because it is free to play. 【语篇解读】本文举例介绍了一边走路一边玩手机给人们造成的伤害。 1．went 考查时态。根据时间状语“last month”可知，事情发生在过去，应该用一般过去时。 2．her 考查代词。修饰名词 right eyesight 用形容词性物主代词。 3．known 考查非谓语动词。Thegame 与 know 之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，应该用过去分词作定语。 4．the 考查冠词。修饰最高级 most popular 永定冠词。 5．puts 考查主谓一致。根据“have”判断此处用一般现在时，主语 The battle game 与 put 之间是主动关 系，谓语用第三人称单数。 6．with 考查介词。be filled with 表示“充满”。 10．successful 考查形容词。此处缺少形容词作表语。