2020届人教版高中英语复习选修6学案：Unit4Globalwarming

2020届人教版高中英语复习选修6学案：Unit4Globalwarming

Unit 4 Global warming 一、刷黑板—— Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉)‎ ‎[第一屏听写]‎ ‎1．graph n．　　　　　　　　　 图表；坐标图；曲线图 ‎2．renewable adj. 能再生的；可更新的 ‎3．phenomenon (复数ena) n. 现象 ‎4．fuel n. 燃料 ‎5．byproduct n. 副产品　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　‎ ‎ [第二屏听写]‎ ‎6．per prep.　　　　　 　　　 每；每一 ‎7．catastrophe n. 大灾难；浩劫 ‎8．drought n. 旱灾；干旱 ‎9．individual n. 个人；个体 adj. 单独的；个别的 ‎10．can n. 容器；罐头　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　‎ ‎ [第三屏听写]‎ ‎11．microwave n．　　　　　 　 微波炉；微波 ‎12．presentation n. 显示；演出 ‎13．nuclear adj. 核的；核能的；原子核的 ‎14．commitment n. 承诺；交托；信奉 ‎15．motor n. 发动机 ‎16．outer adj. 外部的；外面的　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　‎ Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英)‎ ‎[第四屏听写]‎ ‎1．greenhouse n．　　　 　　　 温室；花房 ‎2．quantity n. 量；数量 ‎3．tend vi. 趋向；易于；照顾 vt. 照顾；护理 ‎4．data n. 资料；数据 ‎5．trend n. 趋势；倾向；走向 ‎6．consume vt. 消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　‎ ‎[第五屏听写]‎ ‎7．subscribe vi.　　　　　　　 同意；捐赠；订阅 vt. 签署(文件)；捐助 ‎8．oppose vt. 反对；反抗；与(某人)较量 ‎9．opposed adj. 反对的；对立的 ‎10．mild adj. 温和的；温柔的；淡的 ‎11．environmental adj. 环境的 ‎12．flood n. 洪水；水灾　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　‎ ‎ [第六屏听写]‎ ‎13．consequence n．　　　 结果；后果；影响 ‎14．state vt. 陈述；说明 ‎15．range n. 种类；范围 ‎16．glance vi. 看一下；扫视 n. 一瞥 ‎17．steady adj. 平稳的；持续的；稳固的 ‎18．steadily adv. 平稳地；持续地　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　‎ ‎ [第七屏听写]‎ ‎19．tendency n．　　 　　 倾向；趋势 ‎20．widespread adj. 分布广的；普遍的 ‎21．economical adj. 节约的；经济的 ‎22．average adj. 平均的 ‎23．existence n. 生存；存在 ‎24．advocate vt. 拥护；提倡；主张 ‎25．pollution n. 污染；弄脏　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　‎ ‎ [第八屏听写]‎ ‎26．growth n．　　　　　 增长；生长 ‎27．electrical adj. 电的；与电有关的 ‎28．casual adj. 随便的；漫不经心的；偶然的 ‎29．circumstance n. 环境；情况 ‎30．refresh vt. 使恢复；使振作 ‎31．educator n. 教育工作者；教育家 ‎32．contribution n. 贡献　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　‎ ‎[第九屏听写]‎ ‎33．disagreement n．　 　 分歧；不一致 ‎34．random adj. 胡乱的；任意的 ‎35．quantities_of 大量的 ‎36．even_if 即使 ‎37．keep_on 继续 ‎38．so_long_as 只要 ‎39．come_about 发生；造成　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　‎ ‎[第十屏听写]‎ ‎40．go_up　　　　　　 上升；增长；升起 ‎41．subscribe_to 同意；赞成；订购 ‎42．be_opposed_to 反对……‎ ‎43．result_in 导致 ‎44．on_the_whole 大体上；基本上 ‎45．on_behalf_of 代表……一方；作为……的代言人 ‎46．put_up_with 忍受；容忍 ‎47．and_so_on 等等 二、刷清单—— ‎(一)核心单词 阅读单词 ‎1.fuel n．　　　燃料 ‎2．outer adj. 外部的；外面的 ‎3．motor n. 发动机 ‎4．graph n. 图表；坐标图；曲线图 ‎5.byproduct n．　　副产品 ‎6．catastrophe n. 大灾难；浩劫 ‎7．drought n. 旱灾；干旱 ‎8．renewable adj. 能再生的；可更新的 ‎9.microwave n．　　微波炉；微波 ‎10．presentation n. 显示；演出 ‎11．nuclear adj. 核的；核能的；原子核的 ‎12．phenomenon n. 现象 表 达 单 词 ‎1.data n．　　　　　　　资料；数据 ‎2．trend n. 趋势；倾向；走向 ‎3．flood n. 洪水；水灾 ‎4．mild adj. 温和的；温柔的；淡的 ‎5．range n. 种类；范围 ‎6．random adj. 胡乱的；任意的 ‎[语境活用]‎ ‎1．As the chart shows, the quantity (数量) of the groundwater in our country is not satisfying.‎ ‎2．Sydney has a temperate climate with warm summers and mild_(温和的) winters.‎ ‎3．In addition to these traditional activities, we have a wider range (范围) of choices such as travelling and visiting our relatives or friends.‎ ‎4．There is a widespread(普遍的) concern over the issue whether students should make friends online.‎ ‎7．casual adj. 随便的；漫不经心的；偶然的 ‎8．refresh vt. 使恢复；使振作 ‎9．quantity n. 量；数量 ‎10．glance vi. 看一下；扫视 ‎　　 n. 一瞥 ‎11．average adj. 平均的 ‎12．widespread adj. 分布广的；普遍的 ‎13．circumstance n. 环境；情况 ‎14．advocate vt. 拥护；提倡；主张 ‎15．greenhouse n. 温室；花房 ‎5．The people who cannot quit smoking may easily be affected by his circumstances (情况) and surroundings.‎ ‎6．I strongly advocate (主张) that we should make joint efforts to contribute to the youth football progress.‎ ‎7．The following examples were made up at random (任意的)．‎ 拓 展 单 词 ‎1.consume vt.消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完→consumer n．顾客 ‎2．subscribe vi.同意；捐赠；订阅； vt.签署(文件)；捐助→subscription n．同意；捐赠；订阅；签署 ‎3．tend vi.趋向；易于；照顾 vt.照顾；护理→tendency n．倾向；趋势 ‎4．oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量→opposed adj.反对的；对立的 ‎5．consequence n．结果；后果；影响→consequent adj.随之发生的；作为结果的→consequently adv.因此；所以 ‎6．state vt.陈述；说明 ‎[语境活用]‎ ‎1．At first he was opposed (oppose) to the plan, but we managed to argue him into accepting it.‎ ‎2．In consequence (consequent) of your bad work I am forced to dismiss you.‎ ‎3．Thanks to the river chief system, the local rivers' pollution has been stopped, and you cannot see any polluted water in this city.(pollute)‎ ‎4．With the subscription from the kindhearted people, the teacher subscribed to some newspapers for the poor children in the mountain area.(subscribe)‎ ‎5．It was stated that the president made a statement announcing new policies to deal with the new situation.(state)‎ ‎6．They have contributed a lot of food and clothing to the refugees so far and their contributions will certainly help the refugees live through the winter.(contribute)‎ ‎→statement n．说明；说法；表白 ‎ ‎7．steady adj.平稳的；持续的；稳固的→steadily adv.平稳地；稳固地 ‎8．economical adj.节约的；经济的→economic adj.经济的→economy n．经济；节约 ‎9．existence n．生存；存在→exist vi.存在→existing adj.目前的；现在的 ‎10．pollution n．污染；弄脏→pollute vt.污染→polluted adj.被污染的 ‎11．growth n．增长；生长→grow_v．种植；生长；发展 ‎12．electrical adj.电的；与电有关的→electricity_n．电；电力→electric adj.电的；电动的→electronic_n．电子的 ‎13．educator n．教育工作者；教育家→educate v．教育；培养→education n．教育；培养 ‎14．contribution n．贡献→contribute v．贡献；捐赠；撰稿 ‎15．disagreement n．分歧；不一致→disagree v．不同意→agree v．同意；赞成→agreement n．同意；赞成；一致 ‎7．Many people do not believe the existence of the ghosts, but many young children believe there exist all kinds of ghosts in the world.How to solve this existing problem? (exist)‎ ‎8．The storm tends to hit our city, and we will observe the tendency of it closely.(tend)‎ ‎9．The air conditioners of this type consume too much electricity.Many consumers complain about this.(consume)‎ ‎10．With the decline of the global economy,_her family is faced with many economic problems, one of which is whether to buy an economical stove to survive the whole winter.(economy)‎ ‎(二)常用短语 写准记牢 语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)‎ ‎1.result_in　　　　　　 导致 ‎1.When the teacher came in, they still ‎ ‎2．keep_on 继续 ‎3．even_if 即使 ‎4．rather_than 而不是 ‎5．go_up 上升；增长；升起 ‎6．quantities_of 大量的 ‎7．come_about 发生；造成 ‎8．so_long_as 只要 ‎9．and_so_on 等等 ‎10．put_up_with 忍受；容忍 ‎11．subscribe_to 同意；赞成；订购 ‎12．be_opposed_to 反对……；与……对立 ‎13．on_the_whole 大体上；基本上 ‎14．on_behalf_of 代表……一方；作为……的代言人 kept_on talking.‎ ‎2．Students should spend limited time in studying rather_than playing.‎ ‎3．With the city library providing large quantities_of books, the children here have access to whatever is worthy of being read.‎ ‎4．Don't mind what others say so_long_as we are confident in what we have done.‎ ‎5．After hearing my reasons, they all subscribed_to my proposal.‎ ‎6．Today, I'm greatly honored to speak here on_behalf_of my school.‎ ‎7．Even_if_it rains tomorrow, we won't change our plan.‎ ‎(三)经典句式 原句背诵 句式解构 佳句仿写 ‎1.There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer ...‎ 毫无疑问，地球正在变暖……‎ There is no doubt that ...“毫无疑问……”，that引导同位语从句。‎ 毫无疑问，通过我的努力我将提高其声誉。(2017·天津高考书面表达)‎ There_is_no_doubt_that I will enhance its reputation through my efforts.‎ ‎2.Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.‎ 即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在(未来)几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续转暖。‎ even if/though “即使；尽管”，引导让步状语从句。‎ 作为学生，我们应该总是讲真话，即使别人可能与我们观点不同。‎ As students, we should always tell the truth even_if_others_might_not_agree_with_us.‎ ‎3.It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it — if not, turn it off!‎ so/as long as “只要”，引导条件状语从句。‎ 你可以写任何相关的东西，只要它有趣、有教育意义就行。‎ You can write anything relevant so_long_as_it's_interesting and 只要你在使用电器设备，你便可以把它开着，如果不用就把它关掉！‎ ‎ informative.‎ 一、过重点单词—— ‎1．quantity n．量；数量 ‎[教材原句]　The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.‎ 当我们在大气层中增加了大量额外的二氧化碳时，问题就来了。‎ a large/small quantity of　　　 大/少量的 ‎(large) quantities of 大量的 ‎[题点全练]　单句语法填空 ‎①A large quantity of money has_been_collected (collect) to help those suffering from the floods.‎ ‎②In the first place, vehicles send large quantities of poisonous gases which are (be) a major source of air pollution.‎ ‎③Quantities(quantity) of food and tents were sent to earthquakestricken areas from Shandong.‎ ‎[名师指津]　“a large quantity of＋名词”作主语时，如果名词是不可数名词，则谓语用单数形式，如果是复数可数名词，则谓语通常要采用复数形式。而quantities of 后既可接复数可数名词，亦可接不可数名词，后面的谓语都用复数形式。‎ ‎2．oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量 ‎[教材原句]　On the other hand, there are those, like George Hambley, who are opposed to this view and believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air.‎ 在另一方面，还有一些人，像科学家乔治•汉布利，反对上面的观点，他们认为我们不必担心空气中会有高含量的二氧化碳。‎ ‎(1)oppose sth./doing sth.　　　 反对(做)某事 oppose sb./sb.'s doing sth. 反对某人做某事 ‎(2)opposed adj. 相反的；对立的 be opposed to 反对……；与……对立 ‎[题点全练]　单句语法填空 ‎①The mayor is strongly opposed to building_(build) a new hall, which may cost a lot of money.‎ ‎②Her parents are very much opposed to her (she) going abroad.‎ ‎③However, many students and parents oppose separating (separate) students into science and art.‎ ‎[联想发散]　表示“反对；不赞成”的表达还有： disagree with; disapprove of; be against; object to; hold negative attitudes towards等等。‎ ‎3．consequence n．结果；后果；影响 ‎[教材原句]　They predict that any warming will be mild with few bad environmental consequences.‎ 他们预测任何变暖的情况不会很严重，对环境的影响也不会太坏。‎ ‎(1)as a consequence　　　　　　　　 因此；结果 as a consequence of＝in consequence of 由于……的缘故 in consequence＝consequently 因此；结果 ‎(2)consequent adj. 随之发生的；作为结果的 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①As a consequence (consequent), they can't concentrate on their study and tend to be sleepy in class. ‎ ‎②Consequently (consequent), she understood it and became interested in Chinese traditional culture.‎ ‎③The warming of the Earth and the consequent (consequence) climatic changes affect us all.‎ 补全句子 ‎④Ten years ago, thousands of people lost their lives as_a_consequence_of the big earthquake.‎ 十年前，成千上万的人因那场大地震而失去了生命。‎ ‎4．range n．种类；范围；幅度；界限 v．(在一定范围内)变动；变化；排列 ‎[教材原句]　It will make plants grow quicker; crops will produce more; it will encourage a greater range of animals — all of which will make life for human beings better.‎ 它使植物成长更快，庄稼产量更高，还会促进动物种类的增多——所有这些都能改善人类的生活。‎ ‎(1)a wide range of　　　　　　 一系列……‎ within/in the range of 在……范围内 beyond one's range 某人能力达不到的 ‎(2)range from ... to ... 在……范围内变动 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ranging (range) from butterflies to elephants.(2017·北京高考单选)‎ ‎②When driving on highways, the driver must control his or her speed within/in the range of 60km/h and 120km/h.‎ 补全句子 ‎③I have_a_wide_range_of_hobbies,_including reading, keeping a diary, playing balls with friends and so on. ‎ 我的爱好广泛，包括读书、写日记、与朋友一起打球等等。‎ ‎④The price of the house is so high that it is well beyond_our_range.‎ 这栋房子的价格太高了，远远超过了我们能承受的范围。‎ ‎5．average adj.平均的；普通的；正(平)常的 n．平均数；平均水平；一般水准 v．平均为；计算出……的平均数 ‎[教材原句]　The greenhouse effect gives the earth's surface the average temperature of 15℃.‎ 温室效应使地球表面温度平均增加15℃。‎ ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句中average的词性及含义 ‎①The average age of the boys in this class is fifteen.adj.平均的 ‎②It's said that the newspaper office receives an average of nearly 100 articles a day.n.平均数 ‎③There was nothing special about the film — it was only average.adj.普通的 ‎④The hotel averages 50 to 100 foreign guests daily.vt.平均为 ‎[归纳拓展]‎ on average　　　　　　　　 平均起来 above (the) average 在平均水平以上 below (the) average 在平均水平以下 ‎ up to (the) average 达到平均水平 补全句子 ‎⑤Tom's work at school is above_(the)_average,_Jim's below_(the)_average and Jack's up_to_(the)_average. ‎ 汤姆的学习成绩属于中上水平，吉姆的学习成绩属中下水平，杰克的学习成绩属中等水平。‎ ‎6．circumstance n．环境；情况 ‎[教材原句]　Recycle cans, bottles, plastic bags and newspapers if circumstances allow you to.‎ 如果条件允许，把罐头盒、瓶子、塑料袋和报纸回收利用起来。‎ under/in the circumstances　在此情况下 under/in no circumstances 决不；无论如何都不(位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装)‎ ‎[题点全练]　补全句子 ‎①It might not be a perfect solution, but it's the best I can do under/in_the_circumstances.‎ 这也许不是一个完美的解决办法，但这是在此情况下我能做的最好的。‎ ‎②Under no circumstances did_I_expect that I would meet so many problems when I decided to take the job.‎ 当我决定接受这份工作时，我完全没有料到会遇到这么多问题。‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．In response to the appeal, I have made some changes in my way of life, which ranges (range) from transportation to water saving.‎ ‎2．Many citizens are opposed to pulling (pull) down the old building, because it dates back to the 16th century, which should be protected.‎ ‎3．The QinghaiTibet Plateau is the world's highest plateau, averaging (average) over 4,000 metres above sea level.‎ ‎4．We should make teenagers realize the risk and consequence (consequent) of taking drugs by putting more safety education into textbooks.‎ ‎5．In order to keep rivers and lakes clean and prevent water from being_polluted (pollute), we must do something to protect them.‎ ‎6．Under these circumstances(circumstance), what matters most is not only our persistence but also our attitudes.‎ ‎7．Now we can be convinced that the statement (state) about December, 21st in 2012 is the end of the world is totally a rumor.‎ ‎8．My main reason for subscribing to New Scientist is to keep the pace of advances in science.‎ ‎9．The gap between the rich and the poor has a tendency (tend) to become wider and wider.‎ ‎10．In spite of this, the number of people having mobile phones is increasing steadily (steady)．‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．Opposed the plan of raising prices, the public decided to go on strike on Sunday.Opposed→Opposing或Opposed后加to ‎2．For average, students in Senior One spend 7 hours per week reading.For→On ‎3．As consequence of human activities like cutting down bamboos, the pandas are lacking of food source.As后加a ‎4．I went on a diet when my doctor told me that my blood pressure tends to be high.tends→tended ‎5．The problem of “white pollution” caused by using plastic bags is becoming increasingly serious.using→used ‎6．At present, a large quantity of food and water are needed in the earthquakestricken area.are→is ‎7．As we all know, games play a very important role in the grow of children.grow→growth ‎8．Instead, he hopes that his business will grow steady.steady→steadily Ⅲ.根据提示词补全(或翻译)句子 ‎1．据报道在我们国家每年都有大量的树木被砍倒来做筷子，这对环境造成了危害。(quantity)‎ It is reported that a_large_quantity_of_trees_are_cut_down_to_make chopsticks in our country every year, doing harm to the environment.‎ ‎2．40%的学生反对该观点，因为学生带手机可能在网上聊天或者对游戏上瘾。(oppose)‎ While 40 percent of the students are_opposed_to_the_view,_because with mobile phones some students may have a chat on the Internet and be addicted to playing games.‎ ‎3．结果北极熊的数量变得越来越少。 (consequence)‎ As_a_consequence,_the_number_of_polar_bears_is_becoming_smaller_and_smaller.‎ ‎4．我们的自行车俱乐部将会有一系列针对会员的活动。(range)‎ Our Cycling Club will_have_a_wide_range_of_activities for members.‎ ‎5．作为儿子或者女儿，无论我们有多么忙，我们都绝不该忽视我们父母的精神需求。(circumstance) ‎ As sons or daughters, _under_no_circumstances_should_we_ignore_our parents' spiritual needs, however busy we are.‎ 二、过短语、句式—— ‎1．come about 发生；造成 ‎[教材原句]　So how has this come about and does it matter?‎ 那么，这(种温度的增长)是怎么产生的呢？会产生什么影响吗？‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎①come on　　　　　　 快点；加油；得了吧 ‎②come to 合计；达到；恢复 ‎③come up 走近；上来；发生；被提及 ‎④come across 邂逅；偶遇 ‎⑤come up with 提出；想出；赶上 ‎⑥come into being 形成；产生 ‎[应用领悟]‎ ‎①Everything comes to him who waits.‎ 功夫不负有心人。‎ ‎②Our class came up with the idea to make better use of used materials.‎ 我们班提出了更好地利用旧材料的想法。‎ ‎③When we read newspapers, we often come across such English words as “AIDS” and “PK”．‎ 读报时，我们常会遇到像“AIDS”和“PK”这样的英语单词。‎ ‎[名师指津]　come about是不及物动词短语，不可用于被动语态和进行时态。‎ ‎2．result in 导致 ‎[教材原句]　They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.‎ 他们还赞同下述观点：正是由于越来越多的燃烧化石燃料导致了二氧化碳的增加。‎ result from　　　　　　 由……造成；因……而产生 as a result 结果 as a result of 由于……的结果 ‎[题点全练]　选用上述短语填空 ‎①He was careless. As_a_result,_he failed in the exam.‎ ‎②Now, as_a_result_of a parttime job, I needn't ask my parents for money as before.‎ ‎③They say large crowds of tourists to the zoo will result_in traffic jams.‎ ‎④Misunderstandings resulting_from lack of social communication, if not handled properly, may lead to serious problems.‎ ‎3.put up with 容忍；忍受 ‎[教材原句]　We do not have to put up with pollution.‎ 我们不必去忍受污染。‎ put off　　　　　　　 延期；推迟 put out 熄灭；扑灭 put up 建造；张贴；供给……住宿 put aside 节省；储蓄；把……放在一边 put away 收起来；放好 put forward 提出建议；把……向前拨 选用上述短语填空 ‎①He decided that he would drive back to town instead of putting_up for the night at the hotel.‎ ‎②In that case, we will have to learn to put_up_with some of his shortcomings and try to discover his advantages.‎ ‎③A suggestion has been put_forward that we should recycle the textbooks.‎ ‎4．so/as long as“只要”，引导条件状语从句 It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so_long_as you are using it — if not, turn it off!‎ 只要你在使用电器设备，你便可以把它开着，如果不用就把它关掉！‎ ‎(1)as ... as的其他短语：‎ as well as　　　　　 也；和 as soon as 一……就……‎ as far as 就……而言；至于；直到 ‎(2)引导条件状语从句的其他连词短语：‎ on condition that 如果；条件是 provided that 如果；条件是 in case that 如果；万一 only if 只要 ‎①“Nothing is impossible to a willing heart”， as_long_as you have a dream, keep trying and you'll make it, too.‎ ‎“世上无难事，只怕有心人”，只要你有梦想，并坚持尝试，你也会成功。‎ ‎②We can know more about the life of great people as_well_as history and cultures of other countries. ‎ 我们可以对伟人的生活及其他国家的历史和文化了解得更多。‎ ‎③I told him he would succeed only_if he tried hard. ‎ 我告诉他，只要努力他就能成功。‎ ‎[名师指津]　as long as 和so long as表示“只要”时没有区别，可以替换。as long as表示“与……一样长”时，多用于肯定句；否定句多用so long as。‎ Ⅰ.根据语境选用合适的短语填空 come about， result in， put up with， subscribe to， on behalf of， quantities of， go up， be opposed to， keep on， on the whole ‎1．It was their encouragement and my own thinking that resulted_in my slow but steady progress.‎ ‎2．With the housing price going_up,_more and more people advocate the government take more strict measures to lower property prices.‎ ‎3．With my English teacher's patient instructions, I kept_on learning, practising oral English for three months.‎ ‎4．To get good jobs, they are willing to put_up_with_many of the disadvantages of city life such as heavy traffic and pollution.‎ ‎5．Amy thought it was worthwhile to read English newspapers every day so she subscribed_to_the 21st Century.‎ ‎6．First of all, on_behalf_of all the members of our school, I'd like to express our heartfelt thanks to you and warmly welcome to our school.‎ ‎7．Up to now, large_quantities_of food have been sent to Africa to save the starving people.‎ ‎8．It's already 10 o'clock.I wonder how it came_about that she was two hours late on such a short trip.‎ ‎9．Everyone doesn't agree to the plan.Some support it while I'm one of those who are_opposed_to it.‎ ‎10．—What do you think about the measures taken to prevent global warming?‎ ‎—On_the_whole,_they are good.‎ Ⅱ.句型转换 ‎1．We all don't doubt that nearsightedness is a serious problem among the youth of our country.‎ ‎→There_is_no_doubt_that nearsightedness is a serious problem among the youth of our country.‎ ‎2．Although you aren't used to the customs here, you can live here normally.‎ ‎→Even_if_you_aren't_accustomed_to the customs here, you can live here normally.‎ ‎3．Only if you work hard will your dream be realized in time.‎ ‎→As_long_as_you_work_hard,_your dream will be realized in time.‎ ‎4．When our countries is compared with advanced countries, our country still has a long way to go.‎ ‎→Compared_with_advanced_countries,_our country still has a long way to go.‎ ‎5．I got the job because I could speak English very fluently.‎ ‎→It's_because I could speak English very fluently that_I_got_the_job.‎ Ⅲ.根据提示词和相关要求补全(或翻译)句子 ‎1．有梦想很好，只要他们不是幻想。 (so long as)‎ It's good to have dreams, just so_long_as_they_are_not_fantasies.‎ ‎2．即使有一天我一无所有，也不缺从头再来的勇气。(even if)‎ Even_if_one_day_I_have_nothing_to_do,_I also do not lack the courage to start again.‎ ‎3．对高三学生而言，毫无疑问，时间是有限的，即使每一分钟都很宝贵。(doubt)‎ For Senior Three students, there_is_no_doubt_that_time_is_very_limited,_even a minute is of great value.‎ ‎4．正是在得到他所梦寐以求的东西后他才意识到一切都不那么重要。(强调句式)‎ It_was_after_he_got_what_he_had_desired_that_he_realized_it_was_not_so_important.‎ ‎5．电影和音乐、绘画这样的艺术相比，历史是较短的。(非谓语动词作状语)‎ Film has a much shorter history, especially when_compared_to_such_art_forms_as_music _and_painting.‎ 三、过语法、写作—— ‎(一)单元小语法——it的用法(2)‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab.‎ ‎2．It was three books that he read in the library yesterday.‎ ‎3．It was an old friend of mine whom/that_I met in the street yesterday.‎ ‎4．Why was it that you kept silent at the meeting?‎ ‎5．Might it be in the office that she left her keys? ‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．It is the school and the teachers whom they often talk about.whom→that ‎2．It was after the guest had gone away when he let out the secret.when→that ‎3．It was by turns how they took care of their sick mother.how→that ‎4．That was with the teacher standing beside her that she felt very nervous.That→It ‎5．It was this street that the car accident happened the other day.that→where Ⅲ.补全或翻译句子 ‎1．在学生中引起极大的兴趣的正是这位著名作家以及他的作品。‎ It_is_the_famous_writer_and_his_works_that_have aroused great interest among the students.‎ ‎2．上周给我们讲课的正是史密斯博士。‎ It_was_Doctor_Smith_that/who_ gave us a lecture last week.‎ ‎3．你究竟什么时候第一次去长城的？‎ When_was_it_that_you first went to the Great Wall?‎ ‎4．他是在十几岁时离开家乡去台湾的。‎ It_was_in_his_teens_that_he_left_his_hometown_for_Taiwan.‎ ‎5．直到母亲回来，他才上床睡觉。‎ It_was_not_until_his_mother_came_back_that_he_went_to_bed.‎ ‎　(二)课堂微写作练缩写——让语言更凝练 ‎[题目要求]‎ 下面是一篇呼吁大家植树造林，抵御沙尘暴，保护环境的文章，请把该文章缩写为60词左右，注意保留加黑词句。‎ Dear editor，‎ I'd like to tell you something about the changes of my hometown. My hometown used to be a beautiful place. Thick trees and green grass could be seen everywhere. However, in order to build houses and grow more crops, people cut down more and more trees. As time went on, the whole woods was almost destroyed. Gradually, the green hills have changed into a wasteland. As a result, sandstorms struck us now and then, from which we suffered a lot.‎ I think we should take measures to deal with these problems at once. And I do hope that all the people should realize the terrible result of not caring about our environment. What's more, we should take good care of the woods and plant more trees instead of cutting them down so as to improve our living conditions.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎[答案示例]‎ Dear_editor，‎ My hometown used to be a beautiful place with thick trees and green grass here and there. As time went on, more and more trees were cut down to build houses and grow more crops, which caused sandstorms.‎ Measures should be taken to deal with these problems, and we should take good care of the woods and plant more trees to improve our living conditions.‎ Yours，‎ Li_Hua Ⅰ.阅读理解 A The Metropolitan Museum of Art, more commonly known as “the Met”， located in New York City, is the largest art museum in the United States. Its impressive permanent collection is home to over two million works, divided among seventeen specialized departments. It is among the most visited art museums in the world. The main building is one of the world's largest art galleries. On March 18, 2016, the museum opened that Met Breuer Museum, greatly enriching the museum's modern and uptodate art program.‎ The Met's permanent collection consists of works of art from classical antiques to ancient Egyptian artifacts (史前古器物), paintings and sculptures from all but a few of the European masters. It also has an outstanding collection of American and modern art and proudly houses extensive holdings of African, Asian, Oceanian, Indian and Islamic art. Visitors can also find large collections of musical instruments and costumes, as well as antique weapons from around the globe.‎ The Metropolitan Museum of Art was founded in 1870. It is the result of a project between businessmen, financiers and influential thinkers of the day. They all shared the same passion of bringing art and art education to the American people. That dream became a reality when the museum opened its doors on February 20, 1872.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了位于纽约的大都会艺术博物馆的一些信息。‎ ‎1．What is special about the Met?‎ A．Its name.　　　　　　　 B．Its collection.‎ C．Its building. D．Its location.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Its impressive permanent collection is home to over two million works, divided among seventeen specialized departments.”可知，大都会艺术博物馆的特别之处在于它的收藏。故选B项。‎ ‎2．What do we know about the Met's collections?‎ A．They are from European masters.‎ B．They mainly come from Europe.‎ C．They are about antique weapons.‎ D．They cover arts of different times.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第二段第一、二句可推知，大都会艺术博物馆的收藏包含了不同时期的艺术品。故选D项。‎ ‎3．Why was the Metropolitan Museum of Art built?‎ A．To show the owners' pride in its large size.‎ B．To invest and make more money in the future.‎ C．To offer art education to the American people.‎ D．To bring the worldwide artists' dream into reality.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数第二句“They all shared the same passion of bringing art and art education to the American people.”可推知，大都会艺术博物馆的建立是为了给美国人民提供艺术教育。故选C项。‎ B Arctic sea ice is melting faster than expected, and that means big changes in Earth's climate system.‎ That warning comes from the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). Its scientists are calling for the establishment of an Arctic observatory to help deal with possible dangerous changes resulting from the melting ice.‎ The WMO believes changes in the Arctic area are likely evidence of a coming disaster. It noted that temperatures around the world continue to rise. The next year is predicted to be the hottest year since modern ‎ recordkeeping began 150 years ago.‎ The Arctic is warming at least two times as fast as the world average, the WMO said. The highest Arctic sea levels in March were said to be the lowest on record.‎ Petteri Taalas is the WMO's SecretaryGeneral. He said that the changes in the climate were having a serious result. For example, he said, the tree line in mountain areas is moving upward. “There are also some species of animals who have difficulties in coping with these changes，” Taalas said. These include polar bears, Arctic seals, and even some birds. He said the changing climate will also have an effect on fisheries. Taalas also warned that the melting of the Arctic's frozen permafrost could release large amounts of greenhouse gases. Those gases are the ones that speed up the rise of temperatures.‎ But the melting of the Arctic sea ice is also opening up new transportation, travel and exploration possibilities. Taalas said that less ice could cut the time it takes for ships to sail between Europe and East Asia.‎ Opening the Arctic would also increase the risk of accidents in hazardous waters and oil spills. The cold, undeveloped environment is more difficult to clean up than other areas.‎ Taalas called for the establishment of an Arctic observatory to study, predict and react to climate change. He said this would keep transportation in Arctic waters safe.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了北极冰川加速融化及其带来的影响和应对措施。‎ ‎4．Which of the following will be influenced by the warming according to Taalas?‎ A．Environment. B．Transportation.‎ C．Travel. D．Agriculture.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第五段内容可知，Taalas认为北极冰川加速融化是因为气候变暖，而气候变暖会对林木业、动物和渔业造成严重影响，并产生温室气体，这些都是对环境的影响。故选A。‎ ‎5．What's the advantage of the melting Arctic sea ice according to the passage?‎ A．It prevents the greenhouse gases producing.‎ B．It will make summer not as hot as before.‎ C．An Arctic observatory needs to be set up.‎ D．It broadens traffic and science research.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第六段第一句“But the melting of the Arctic sea ice is also opening up new transportation, travel and exploration possibilities.”可知，北极冰川的融化扩大了交通和科学研究的领域。故选D。‎ ‎6．What does the underlined word “hazardous” in Paragraph 7 mean?‎ A．Deep and freezing. B．Involving risk or danger.‎ C．Smooth and balanced. D．Safe and slow.‎ 解析：选B　词义猜测题。画线词所在句中的“hazardous waters and oil spills”‎ 和下句中的“The cold, undeveloped environment”应属同一类环境。hazardous与“寒冷和未开发的”相对应，应意为“危险的”。故选B。‎ ‎7．Where is the passage probably taken from?‎ A．A geography book. B．A school booklet.‎ C．A travel guide. D．A science report.‎ 解析：选D　文章出处题。本文主要介绍了北极冰川加速融化及其带来的影响和应对措施，并且文中列举了相关人士的观点，因此本文可能出自科学报告。故选D。‎ C One Sunday Malachi Bradley was searching for wild mushrooms in eastern Utah when he realized he had wandered too far from the mountain lake where he was hiking with his father and siblings.‎ The 10yearold boy tried looking for a road to flag down a driver, but the area about 200 miles east of Salt Lake City was too remote. He remembered the survival skills his father had taught him and eventually hunkered (蹲下) down between rocks still warm from the sun to protect himself from the cold mountain night.‎ ‎“It was strange not having anybody with me, but I just kept going. I knew I had to make it back, or my family would be really sad，” Malachi said on Tuesday. Over the nearly 30 hours he was missing in the backcountry. He found river water to drink and even tried unsuccessfully to catch a fish with a spear made from a stick.‎ Meanwhile, dozens of search and rescue workers were searching the area on horses and ATVs (全地形车), as well as in the air, but they couldn't spot Malachi in the wooded area.‎ As night fell and temperature dropped, Malachi wrapped his Tshirt around his legs, huddled in his jacket and protected himself from the weather between the rocks. The remaining warmth helped him get through the night.‎ Back at Paul Lake, his father, Danny Bradley, and a friend who had joined them for the camping were keeping a fire burning, hoping the boy might wander back by himself. As the hours wore on, Bradley imagined his son alone in the woods and was terrified that he might be hurt.‎ The next day, Malachi heard a police helicopter flying overhead. He knew the searchers aboard the craft couldn't see him through the trees, so he started walking again until he found a clearing. He stayed there and briefly fell asleep until a search plane spotted him from the air and a helicopter landed to pick him up on Monday.‎ ‎“Malachi was found about five miles southeast of where he went missing，” Uintah County Sheriff Vance Norton said. It appeared that he wandered down a deep and narrow valley and over a hill before he found the clearing.‎ Malachi said he would go camping again, but next time he would not get away from other people. “I've learned from my mistakes，” he said.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一个在丛林中迷路的小男孩独自求生，并最终获救的故事。‎ ‎8．What did Malachi manage to do to survive?‎ A．Build a shelter on his own.‎ B．Catch a fish with a spear.‎ C．Stay between rocks at night.‎ D．Find a road to stop a passing car.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“... eventually hunkered (蹲下) down between rocks still warm from the sun to protect himself from the cold mountain night”和第五段中的“As night fell and temperature dropped ... protected himself from the weather between the rocks.”可知，他蹲在温暖的石头之间来抵御夜晚的寒冷。故选C项。‎ ‎9．How could the plane spot Malachi?‎ A．He kept waving and shouting loudly.‎ B．He stood on the top of a rock.‎ C．He used his Tshirt to make a signal.‎ D．He stayed in an area without trees or bushes.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第七段中的“... so he started walking again until he found a clearing. He stayed there and briefly fell asleep until a search plane spotted him from the air ...”可知，为了让直升机发现他，他找到了一块林中空地。clearing意为“空地”。故选D项。‎ ‎10．We can infer from the passage that ________.‎ A．Danny Bradley kept a fire burning to let his son know the way back B．Malachi Bradley was searching for some flowers when he got lost C．Malachi always stayed where he went missing and waited for rescue D．Malachi's teacher once taught him how to survive in a wilderness 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Back at Paul Lake, his father, Danny Bradley, and a friend who had joined them for the camping were keeping a fire burning, hoping the boy might wander back by himself.”可知，他的父亲和一个朋友在营地让火一直燃烧，是希望男孩可以自己走回来。故选A项。‎ ‎11．What lesson does Malachi Bradley learn from the experience?‎ A．Be brave when in danger.‎ B．Stay close to others when camping.‎ C．Be cautious to take an adventure.‎ D．Believe in oneself when facing difficulties.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“... but next time he would not get away from ‎ other people”可知，下一次他不会再离开其他人了。故选B项。‎ D We have a problem, and the strange thing is that we not only know about it, but also celebrate it. Just today, someone boasted to me that she was so busy she's averaged four hours of sleep a night for the last two weeks. She wasn't complaining; she was proud of the fact. She is not alone.‎ Why are typically rational people so irrational in their behavior? The answer is that we're in the midst of a bubble. I call it “The More Bubble”．‎ The nature of bubbles is that something is absurdly overvalued until — eventually — the bubble bursts, and we're left wondering why we were so irrationally animated in the first place. The thing we're overvaluing now is the opinion of doing it all, having it all, achieving it all.‎ This bubble is being enabled by a combination of three powerful trends: smartphones, social media, and extreme consumerism. The result is not just information overload, but opinion overload. We are more aware than at any time in history of what everyone else is doing and, therefore, what we should be doing. In the process, we have been sold a bill of goods: that success means being supermen and superwomen who can get it all done. Of course, we boasted about being busy — it's code for being successful and important.‎ And our answer to the problem of more is always more. We need more technology to help us create more technologies. We need to shift our workload to free up our own time to do yet even more.‎ Luckily, there is a solution to the pursuit of more: the pursuit of less, but better. A growing number of people are making this change. I call these people Essentialists.‎ These people are designing their lives around what is essential and removing everything else. These people arrange to have actual weekends (during which they are not working). They create technologyfree zones in their homes. They trade time on Facebook with calling those few friends who really matter to them. Instead of running to different meetings, they put space on their calendars to get important work done.‎ So we have two choices: We can be among the last people caught up in “The More Bubble”， or we can join the growing community of Essentialists and get more of what matters in our one precious life.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。受智能手机、社交媒体和极端消费主义的影响，许多人乐于说自己很忙，这掩盖了生活的本质。我们应当关注生活中最重要的部分，屏蔽那些无关紧要的事物。‎ ‎12．When the woman said for two weeks she only slept for four hours a night, ________.‎ A．she was unsatisfied with her lifestyle B．she was asking for suggestions C．she took pride in doing so D．she knew few people were like her 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“She wasn't complaining; she was proud of the fact.”可知，当这个女士说自己最近两周每晚只睡四个小时时，她对自己这样做感到自豪。故C项正确。‎ ‎13．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?‎ A．The cause and result of “The More Bubble”．‎ B．The advantages of “The More Bubble”．‎ C．The solutions to “The More Bubble”．‎ D．The new trends of “The More Bubble”．‎ 解析：选A　段落大意题。通读第四段可知，该段首先分析了“The More Bubble”的起因：受智能手机、社交媒体和极端消费主义的影响；接着又分析了“The More Bubble”的后果：信息太多、观点太多，吹嘘忙就是成功和重要的秘诀。故A项正确。‎ ‎14．According to the article, Essentialists are those who ________.‎ A．give up certain things for what matters in life B．prefer to change frequently C．are tired of information and opinion D．are eager to become successful and important 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句“These people are designing their lives around what is essential and removing everything else.”可知，Essentialists是指那些为生活中重要的东西而放弃某些不重要的东西的人。故A项正确。‎ ‎15．We can infer from the article that the author ________ “The More Bubble”．‎ A．is supportive of　　　　　 B．is undecided about C．disapproves of D．wonders about 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“The result is not just information overload, but opinion overload.”并结合第四段内容可知，“The More Bubble”导致信息膨胀、观点泛滥，从而掩盖了真实的生活；据此可以判断，作者对此持反对态度。故C项正确。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 ‎(2018·江西重点中学联考)There are so many things we do in our daily lives that have become a “habit”. __1__ How you answer the phone is a habit. The way you sit in the car when you drive is a habit. Have you ever tried to change the way you do something, after you've done it in a certain way for so long? It's not very easy to do. The minute your mind drifts to something else, you go right back to the old way of doing things. __2__ It's a way of doing things that has become routine or commonplace. To change an existing habit or form a new one can be a tedious task.‎ Let's pick something fairly easy to start with, like spending 15 minutes in the morning reading the Bible. If you want to turn something into a habit that you do every day, you have to ‎ WANT to do it. __3__ Make a firm decision to do this on a daily basis.‎ Imprint it in your mind. Write several notes to yourself and put them in places where you will see them. By the alarm clock, on the bathroom mirror, on the refrigerator door, in your briefcase, and under your car keys are good places to start.‎ After the newness wears off, then you will have to remind yourself, “Hey, I forgot to ...” Keep using the notes if you have to, __4__ Some people say it will take over a month to solidify it and make it something you will do without having to think about it. I tend to agree with the last statement. Two to three weeks will help you to remember, but thirty days or more will make it a part of your everyday routine.__5__‎ A．What is a “habit” anyway?‎ B．Is doing things in an old way good?‎ C．Brushing your teeth is a habit.‎ D．Forming a bad habit is easy.‎ E．It takes 16 to 21 times of repeating a task to make it a habit.‎ F．If you don't, you will find a way to do everything but that.‎ G．That's something you won't necessarily have to think about before you do it — habit.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，阐述了习惯的定义，并介绍了几个培养习惯的方法。‎ ‎1．选C　根据空格上一句“There are so many things we do in our daily lives that have become a ‘habit’．”可知，我们日常所做的许多事情已经成了习惯；由空格下一句“How you answer the phone is a habit.”可知，接电话的方式也成了习惯；据此可以判断，空格处应列举日常生活中已经成为习惯的行为。C项“刷牙是一种习惯”紧密衔接上下文，符合语境。故C项正确。‎ ‎2．选A　根据空格下一句“It's a way of doing things that has become routine or commonplace.”可知，该句阐述了习惯的定义；据此可以判断，空格处应提问“习惯是什么”。故A项正确。‎ ‎3．选F　根据空格上一句“If you want to turn something into a habit that you do every day, you have to WANT to do it.”可知，如果你想将某件事变成你每天都要做的习惯行为，你就必须想要做它，此处强调的是想要做的重要性；据此可以判断，空格处应谈论如果你不想做会发生什么情况。故F项正确。‎ ‎4．选E　根据空格下一句“Some people say it will take over a month to solidify it and make it something you will do without having to think about it.”可知，该处陈述的是养成习惯的一种方法。空格处应陈述养成习惯的另一种方法。E项中的“16 to 21 times”与下文中的“Two to three weeks”相照应。故E项正确。‎ ‎5．选G　根据空格上一句“Two to three weeks will help you to remember, but thirty days or more will make it a part of your everyday routine.”‎ 并结合空格处所在的位置可知，空格处总结全文，再次阐述什么是习惯。G项“那是你在做之前不必考虑的事——习惯”符合文意。故G项正确。‎