专题06动词时态及其语态-3年高考2年模拟1年备战2019高考精品系列之英语

专题06动词时态及其语态-3年高考2年模拟1年备战2019高考精品系列之英语

‎ ‎ ‎【2019年高考命题预测】‎ ‎ 动词的时态和语态是历年高考的重点，是高考的必考点。应特别注意以下几点：‎ 要把握各种时态的特点，注意易混淆时态间的差异；准确理解具体语境下时态的正确意义，捕捉句子中所隐含的时间信息；要克服汉语式的惯性思维，排除误导，培养发散性思维。‎ 高考中常考的时态有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来进行时、现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时等等。‎ 学习时要注意总结规律，灵活使用，特别要注意一些时态的特殊用法。高考主要以单项填空、语法填空、短文改错等形式考查，动词的时态和语态在语法填空和短文改错中是必考点。‎ ‎ 今后时态和语态还将是高考中的重点和难点所在。‎ ‎【考点定位】2019考纲解读和近几年考点分布 动词时态和语态是两个非常重要的语法范畴，构成了英语语法的基本框架，几乎所有动词的考查都必须要借助于时态和语态来完成。试题在考查时态和语态的同时，还兼顾其它语法内容的测试，比如各种从句、强调、倒装等，其交叉式和复合式的特点尤为明显。其考点主要包括：‎ ‎1、考查时态的基本概念。如：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时、将来进行时等。‎ ‎2、考查各种时态之间的区别。如：一般过去时和现在完成时；一般现在时与现在进行时；一般过去时和过去完成时等。‎ ‎3、考查不能用被动语态的几种情况。如：‎ ‎（1）所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。‎ ‎（2）表示状态的谓语动词，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit等。‎ ‎（3）表示归属的动词，如have、own、belong to等。‎ ‎（4）表示“希望、意图”的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。‎ ‎（5）宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。‎ ‎4、考查主动形式表被动意义的情况。‎ ‎（1）当feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容词时；‎ ‎（2）当cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep等词带状语修饰语时；‎ ‎（3）当break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时；‎ ‎（4）want, require, need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。‎ ‎（5）be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。‎ ‎（6）在“be + 形容词 + to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。‎ 另外：be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。‎ ‎【考点pk】名师考点透析 考点一、一般现在时与现在进行时 ‎ ‎1．一般现在时 ‎ ‎（1）考查表示按时间表将要发生的动作或事件 ‎ 例1—Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 1026 _______ off at 18: 20. ‎ A. takes B. took C. will be taken D. has taken ‎ ‎【解析】句中的谓语动词是现在时，故不住在这里也应该是现时的情况，答案应为D。 ‎ ‎（3）考查表示普遍真理、事实 ‎ 例4Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _______ the Pacific, and we met no storms. ‎ A. was called B. is called ‎ C. had been called D. has been called ‎ ‎【解析】尽管我们横渡太平洋是几个月前的事情，但是海洋的名称是存在的事实，所以用一般现在时，答案是B。 ‎ ‎2．现在进行时 ‎ ‎（1）考查表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事 ‎ 例5． I have to go to work by taxi because my car _______ at the garage. ‎ A. will be repaired B. is repaired ‎ C. is being repaired D. has been repaired ‎ ‎【解析】句中的谓语动词是现在时态，所以现在汽车正在被修理，故答案选C。 ‎ 例6．Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasn’t stopped ringing. People _______ to ask how I am going to spend the money. ‎ A. phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning ‎ ‎【解析】因为我获了奖，所以这段时间老有人给我打电话怎样花这笔钱，答案应是D。 ‎ ‎（3）考查表示某个按最近的计划或安排将要进行的动作、即将开始或结束的动作 ‎ 常用的这类动词有：go, come, leave, arrive, land, meet, move, return, start, stay, stop, give, change, fly, work等。 ‎ 例7．Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belt. The plane _______. ‎ A. takes off B. is taking off ‎ C. has taken off D. took off ‎ 主要考查表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况 ‎ 例8It’s said that the early European playing-cards ________ for entertainment and education. ‎ A. were being designed B. have designed ‎ C. have been designed D. were designed ‎ ‎【解析】句中的the ‎ early说明以前欧洲扑克牌的设计是为了娱乐和教育，用一般过去时说明过去某个特定时间发生的动作或情况，答案是D。 ‎ ‎2．过去进行时 ‎ ‎（1）考查表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在发生的动作，强调未完成 ‎ 例10—Has Sam finished his homework today? ‎ ‎—I have no idea. He _______ it this morning. ‎ A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done ‎ ‎【解析】从对话中不知道Sam有没有完成作业，所以今天上午他正在做，正确答案为C。 ‎ ‎（2）考查表示过去某一时间将要发生的动作 ‎ 例11—What were you doing when Tony phoned you? ‎ ‎—I had just finished my work and _______ take a shower. A. had started B. started C. have started D. was starting ‎ ‎【解析】“我”刚刚完成手头的工作，将要去洗澡，所以答案是D。 ‎ 一般过去时与过去进行时的区别如下： ‎ 一般过去时：完成性 ‎ 过去进行时：未完成 ‎ 考点三、现成完成时与现在完成进行时 ‎ ‎（2）考查表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在的动作 ‎ 例13．My friend, who _______ on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month. ‎ A. served B. is serving C. had served D. has served ‎ ‎【解析】此题中的时间状语all his life 说明我的朋友从过去到现在一直在奥委会工作，答案应是D。 ‎ 例14．My brother is an actor. He _______ in several films so far. ‎ A. appears B. appeared C. has appeared D. is appearing ‎ ‎【解析】句中的时间状语so far和现在完成时连用，意为“到目前为止”，所以答案是C。 ‎ 考点四、 主动表示被动的三种情况 ‎ ‎1. 不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。 ‎ 常见动词是：cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep等。 ‎ ‎2. 一些连系动词的主动式＋形容词。 ‎ 常见动词是：look, smell, taste, sound, feel, prove, turn out等。 ‎ 请同学们看下面一道题： ‎ 例16．The roast duck_______delicious and a lot_______in two hours. ‎ A. was tasted； was sold ‎ B. tasted； was sold ‎ C. was tasted； sold ‎ D. tasted； would sell ‎ ‎【解析】根据所给情景，taste应为连系动词，英语中连系动词不用被动语态，所以第一空填tasted，后半句意为“烤鸭两小时内被卖掉很多”，所以答案为B。 ‎ 上题 可以变化如下： ‎ ‎3. 五个“发生”： happen, take place, occur to, break out，come about等。 ‎ 例18．______is well known to everyone, the Olympic Games _______ every four years. ‎ A. It; are held B. As; take place ‎ C. That; happen D. As; break out ‎ ‎【解析】本题考查定语从句和表示“发生”等词的用法。A项it 不对，are held正确，改成以下句子正确：It is well known to everyone that the Olympic Games are held every four years. C、D项中That与break out不妥，B项中as引导的定语从句修饰the Olympic ... 整个句子，take place相当于are held，所以答案为B。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【三年高考】 16、17、18高考试题及其解析 ‎2018年高考试题 ‎【单项填空】‎ ‎1.【2018·北京】1. —Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around?‎ ‎—Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just _________ on Monday.‎ A. start B. have started C. started D. had started ‎【答案】C 点睛：一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态或过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用，如：yesterday，last week，in the past，in 2017，once，a few days ago等。‎ ‎2.【2018·北京】4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.‎ A. is working B. was working C. has worked D. had worked ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查时态。句意：Susan已经辞去了高薪的工作。去年当我探望她的时候，她正在一个社区里做志愿者。Susan辞职发生在她当志愿者之前，had quit是过去完成时态，过去完成时态通俗的说就是“过去的过去”，且结合时间状语when I visited her last year可知，Susan做志愿者是过去的某个时间段发生的情况，故该空应用过去进行时态。B选项正确。‎ 点睛：过去进行时表示在过去某一时间段或某一段时间内正在发生或进行的动作或状态。‎ ‎3.【2018·北京】7. China’s high-speed railways _________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.‎ A. are growing B. have grown C. will grow D. had grown ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查时态。句意：在过去的几年里，中国的高速铁路已经从9,000公里增长到25,000公里。该句时间状语为in the past few years。中国高速铁路的增长是从过去一直到现在几年里的情况，故该句应用现在完成时态。B选项正确。‎ 点睛：现在完成时可以表示过去的事情对现在的影响，也可以表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的。常见的时间状语有：since + 时间点/从句，for two months，so far，recently，in the past/last few days等。‎ ‎4.【2018·北京】9. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _________ in the mountains for two days.‎ A. are trapping B. have been trapped C. were trapping D. had been trapped ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查语态和时态。句意：一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里两天的旅游者。“who ___ in the mountains for two days”是定语从句，修饰two tourists，two tourists和trap之间是被动关系，该空应用被动语态。由risked可知，营救人员救游客是过去的事情，被困两天发生在营救人员救了他们之前，即“过去的过去”，该空应用过去完成时态。综上，D选项正确。‎ 点睛：过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”，其表达形式为had done，被动语态的表达形式为had been done。‎ ‎5.【2018·天津】13. My washing machine ___________this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.‎ A. was repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. has been repaired ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查时态。句意：这周我的洗衣机正在修，所以我不得不手洗衣服。根据后句so I have to wash my clothes by hand.可知，洗衣机正在修，故用现在进行时态的被动语态。故选C。‎ 点睛：本题考查时态。分析选项可以知道，4个选项都用了被动语态，本题考查的其实是不同的时态。选项A是过去时；选项B是一般现在时的被动；选项C是现在进行时；选项D是现在完成时。再结合语境进行分析，最终判断出最佳答案。‎ ‎6.【2018·江苏】31. Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we _______ more convenient electronic communication tools by then.‎ A. have developed B. had developed C. will have developed D. developed ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查时态。句意：希望在2025年，我们不再互相发电子邮件，因为到那时候我们将开发更方便的电子通信工具。根据时间状语in 2025，可知用将来时；再根据时间状语by then到那时，可知用完成时。结合两者可知用将来完成时。故选C。‎ 点睛：本题考查时态。句中包含的时间状语是解答此题的突破点。所以要做好此类题，一定要注意题中有没有明确的时间点，或者其他可以代替时间点的词，所以根据时间状语可以看出正确答案。本题的关键在于抓住题干中的两个时间状语in 2025和by then，从而得出答案。‎ ‎7.【2018·江苏】30. I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan _______ in the past two years.‎ A. had been carried out B. would be carried out C. is being carried out D. has been carried out ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查时态。句意：上个月我被派到村里去看看在过去的两年里发展计划是如何执行的。根据句中时间状语last month和in the past two years可知用过去完成时。故选A。‎ 点睛：本题考查时态。句中包含的时间状语是解答此题的突破点。所以要做好此类题，一定要注意题中有没有明确的时间点，或者其他可以代替时间点的词，所以根据时间状语可以看出正确答案。本题的关键在于抓住题干中的两个时间状语last month和in the past two years，从而得出答案。‎ ‎【语法填空】‎ ‎1. 【2018·全国I】While running regularly cann't make you live forever, the review says it ___64___ (be) more effective at lengthening life___65___ walking, cycling or swimming.‎ ‎64. 考查动词的时态。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时。故填is。‎ ‎65. 考查比较句型。跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。根据文章中的more effective可知此处填than。‎ ‎2. 【2018·全国II】Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country ___61___（grow）more corn than rice.‎ 考查时态。since加时间点，主句要用现在完成时。句意：2011年以来，中国种植的玉米比水稻多。故填has grown。‎ ‎3. 【2018·全国II】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government ___68___ (start) a soil-testing program ___69___ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.‎ ‎4. 【2018·全国III】 True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal ____69____(mean)me no real harm.‎ 考查谓语动词。分析本句的句子成分可知，本句缺少谓语，再根据总体时态可知要用一般过去时，所以用meant。‎ ‎5. 【2018·浙江】 I still remember ___59___ (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I ___60___(shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.‎ ‎59. 考查动词形式。此处指我记得去拜访一个在这里住了五年的朋友，表示记得做过某事用remember doing sth.，故填visiting。‎ ‎60. ‎ ‎ 考查形容词。此处表示我感到很震惊。shock的主语是I,用形容词和系动词组成系表结构，表示过去发生的事，系动词用过去式。故填was shocked。‎ ‎6. 【2018·浙江】While regularly eating out seems to ___61___(become) common for many young people in recent years, it’s not without a cost.‎ ‎61. 考查动词时态。根据时间状语in recent years可知用现在完成时，seems to后用动词原形，故填have become。‎ ‎【短文改错】‎ ‎1. 【2018·全国I】During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there.‎ ‎1. countryside前加the 考查冠词。去年寒假，我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。此处特指去的是乡下，故加定冠词the。‎ ‎2. find改成found 考查动词时态。根据文章中的During my last winter holiday可知，事件发生在过去，故用一个过去时。故将find改成found。‎ ‎2. 【2018·全国II】I didn’t realize how right my parents are until I entered high school.‎ 考查时态。根据上下文语境可知此处要用一般过去时。故把are改为were。‎ ‎3. 【2018·全国III】 It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin.‎ 考查时态构成。根据语境可知，句子用过去完成时，过去完成时的构成是had done，所以begin要改为begun。‎ ‎4. 【2018·全国III】The classroom is a place for learning and that include leaning from textbooks, and mistake as well.‎ 第八处：考查主谓一致。that作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数includes。‎ 第九处：考查名词单复数。错误不是一个，所以要用复数。‎ ‎2017年高考试题 ‎【单项填空】‎ ‎【2017·天津卷】8. I ________down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.‎ A. was driving B. have driven C. would drive D. drove ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：我正开车去伦敦这时我突然发现我走错路了。根据固定句型：was/ were doing sth + when ‎ (suddenlu) did ... 句意：正在做某事，就在这时（那时）突然，根据句意，故选A。‎ 考点：考查动词时态。‎ ‎【名师点睛】这时考查与时态有关的固定句型。：was/ were doing sth + when (suddenlu) did ... 这时一个常用固定句型，是学生必须掌握的重点句型之一，词句型还有另外两种结构：was / were about to do + when did ; had done + when + did 。 在这三个句型中，when引导的并列句，意为：就在这时（那时）突然....。‎ ‎【2017·江苏卷】27. He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he _______.‎ A. was being followed B. was following C. had been followed D. followed ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查动词的时态和语态。he和follow是动宾关系，即他被别人跟踪，排除B/D；根据句意“在 匆忙赶回家的路上，他从未回头看是否被跟踪”，用过去进行时最合适，故选A。句意：他匆匆忙忙往家 赶，就是不回头看一看是否有人跟踪自己。‎ 考点：时态和语态 ‎【2017·江苏卷】31.He’s been informed that he _______ for the scholarship because of his academic background.‎ A. hasn’t qualified B. hadn’t qualified C. doesn’t qualify D. wasn’t qualifying ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查动词的时态。句意：他已经被告知由于教育背景的原因而没有资格获得奖学金。qualify for ‎ sth达标，获得参赛资格。由于条件不满足而没有资格做某事，是客观事实，故选C。‎ 考点：考查动词的时态 ‎【2017·北京卷】33. People______ better access to health care than they used to, and they’re living longer as a result.‎ A. will have B. have C. had D. had had ‎【答案】B 试题分析：句意：人们有着比过去更好的医疗保险，结果他们更长寿。与过去对比是现在，所以than前一句话是用现在的时间，而且后一句用的就是现在时态，所以前面也用现在时态，故选B。‎ 考点：考查时态。‎ ‎【2017·北京卷】29. In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones _______ yet. ‎ A. haven’t invented B. haven’t been invented ‎ C. hadn’t invented D. hadn’t been invented ‎【答案】D 试题分析：句意：在美国20世纪50年代的时候，大多数的家庭家里只有一部电话，并且无线电话还根本没有发明出来。根据句意可知用被动语态，排除AC，事情发生在过去，与现在无关，不用现在完成时，排除B，故选D，过去完成时的被动语态。‎ 考点：考查时态语态。‎ ‎【2017·北京卷】24. —______ that company to see how they think of our product yesterday?‎ ‎—Yes. They are happy with it.‎ A. Did you call B. Have you called C. Will you call D. Were you calling ‎【答案】A 试题分析：句意：--你昨天有没有给那家公司打电话问问他们对我们的产品感觉怎么样？--打了，他们此刻正用得很开心。空格所在题干有一个很明显的时间状语yesterday，发生在过去，肯定用过去式，故选A。‎ 考点：考查时态。‎ ‎【语法填空】‎ ‎[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]When fat and salt 64.________ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.‎ ‎64. are removed　考查被动语态。此处意思是“当脂肪和盐分从食物中被去掉后”。分析可知fat，salt和remove之间是被动关系，脂肪和盐分是被人们去掉，所以用被动语态。故填are removed。‎ ‎[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]Steam engines 65.________ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been 66.________ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.‎ ‎65. were used　考查动词语态。蒸汽机(注意复数名词形式)被用来作为火车动力。‎ ‎66. fairly　考查副词。副词修饰形容词。‎ ‎[2017·全国卷Ⅱ] Later, engineers 68.________ (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known as the Tube.‎ ‎68. managed　考查动词时态。描述地铁发展演变过程用过去时态。‎ ‎[2017·全国卷Ⅲ] Sarah 63.________ (tell) that she could be Britain's new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year.‎ ‎[2017·全国卷Ⅲ] But at the moment, school 69.________ (come) first.‎ ‎69. comes　考查动词的时态。根据at the moment可知这个句子应用一般现在时，而且主语是单数，故用comes。‎ ‎[2017·浙江卷6月考]Pahlsson and her husband 62.________ (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. “I gave up hope of finding my ring again，” she says. She never replaced it. ‎ Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 63.________ (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 64.________ it remained until the carrot's leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it.‎ ‎62. searched　考查动词的时态。根据语意可知，他们过去曾搜遍了整个厨房，故填searched。‎ ‎63. swept 　考查过去分词。此处是get done结构，表示被动，意为“被扫进了垃圾堆”。‎ ‎【短文改错】‎ ‎[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]once I started the car, my mind goes blank.‎ ‎4. goes改为went　考查时态。根据前文中的started可知时态为一般过去时，故将goes改为went。‎ ‎[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]‎ When summer came，they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables!‎ ‎9. came改为comes　考查动词时态。此处指“当夏天来临时”，用一般现在时。‎ ‎10. students后加to　考查固定结构。invite sb to do sth邀请某人做某事。‎ ‎[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies. I had grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years.‎ ‎1．删去of　考查介词。realize是及物动词，后接宾语不需要介词，故删去介词of。‎ ‎2. had→have　考查动词的时态。根据本句中的时间状语in the past few years可知这个句子用现在完成时。‎ ‎2016年高考试题 ‎【单项填空】‎ ‎1.【2016·北京】21. Jack ________ in the lab when the power cut occurred.‎ A. works B. has worked C. was working D. would work ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：题目考查时态。句意：突然断电时，杰克正在实验室里工作。根据occurred可知，这里指过去某时刻正在发生的事情，断电时，杰克正在工作，综合用过去进行时，故选C。‎ 考点：考查时态 ‎【名师点睛】‎ 一、过去进行时的构成：was/were+动词的现在分词(--ing) ‎ 二、过去进行时的用法：‎ ‎1、表示在过去某时刻正在进行或发生的动作，通常与表过去的时间壮语连用。‎ 例如：At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.‎ 昨天这个时候，我正在收拾东西去露营。‎ ‎2、表移动的动词，如come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等词的过去进行时，可以表示过去将要发生的动作。‎ 例如：She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday. 她告诉我她将去海南度假。‎ ‎3、在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生之后，另一个动作正在进行。‎ 例如：It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时，正下着雨。‎ ‎　 When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.　我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。‎ ‎4、在叙述或描写过去的事情时，过去进行时经常与其它过去时态，特别时是一般过去时连用。但是过去进行时往往是表示背景。‎ 例如：One night, he was typing in his study. Suddenly, a man broke into his house and cut off the electricity.‎ 一天晚上，他正在书房里打字。突然，一个人闯进屋来，切断了电源。‎ ‎2.【2016·北京】23. —Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?‎ ‎—The new Star Wars. We ________ here for more than two hours.‎ A. waited B. wait C. would be waiting D. have been waiting ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：题目考查时态。句意：——打扰了，你们在等哪一部电影？——《星球大战》，我们已经在这儿等了两个多小时了。“for+时间段”与完成时连用，根据语境可知，说话的时候仍然在等，因此用现在完成进行时，故选D。‎ 考点：考查时态 ‎【名师点睛】‎ 现在完成进行时由“助动词have/has been+ -ing形式”构成。用法如下：‎ ‎1. 现在完成进行时表示过去的动作持续到现在并有可能延续下去的动作。常和for，since引导的时间状语连用。‎ ‎-Hi, Tracy, you look tired. ‎ ‎-I am tired. I have been painting the living room all day.‎ They have been living here for 10 years. 他们住在这里十年了。‎ ‎2. 表示一个动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到说话时候刚结束。‎ I have been waiting you for about one hour.。(说话时"等"的动作刚结束)‎ She has been working all night long.‎ ‎3. 表示重复（只断断续续，而非一直不停）‎ ‎ We’ve been discussing the matter several times this year.‎ ‎ I have been saying goodbye to some friends today.‎ ‎3.【2016·北京】25. I ________ half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend.‎ A. read B. have read C. am reading D. will read ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：题目考查时态。句意：我已经看完了这本英文小说的一半，周末会尽力把另一半看完。发生在过去的动作对现在产生影响，用现在完成时。“看小说”这一动作发生在过去，到目前为止看了一半，故用完成时，故选B。‎ 考点：考查时态 ‎【名师点睛】‎ 现在完成时基本用法：‎ ‎1、表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already, yet, ever, never, just，before 等词连用。‎ 例如：Have you ever cooked at home? 你吃晚饭了吗？‎ You have already grown much taller.你已经长高了许多。‎ ‎2、表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。往往和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，常用的有：for＋一段时间；since+过去时间点或从句。（Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度），提问用How long.‎ 例如：It has been five years since he joined the army .他参军五年了。‎ ‎ They have learned English for eight years .他们已学了八年的英语了。‎ ‎3、现在完成时需注意的问题：‎ ‎○1表示短暂性的动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用appear, begin, borrow, lend, buy, close,‎ come, die, fall, find, finish, join, kill, leave, sell, stop等。‎ 例如：He has joined the army for five years. （错误）‎ ‎ He has been in the army for five years.(正确)‎ 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。‎ ‎（错）I have received his letter for a month.‎ ‎（对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.‎ ‎○2不能和明确的过去时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last week, in 1998,two days ago等。‎ ‎○3have/has been to 和have/has gone to 的区别：‎ ‎ have/has been to 去过某地，现在已经回来；‎ ‎ have/has gone to 去了某地，在去的路上或已经在那里。‎ ‎○4比较一般过去时与现在完成时 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或状态，强调动作，不和现在发生联系，常与具体的过去时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等，；现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，不能与表过去的时间状语连用。‎ I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了）‎ I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）‎ Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了）‎ He has been a League member for three years. （强调他是团员）‎ 现在完成时考点分析：‎ ‎①现在完成时除可以和for、since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during / in /over the last(past)few years (months, weeks)、in recent years等。‎ ‎②下列句型中常用现在完成时 It is (has been) + 一段时间 + since从句 This(That / It)is the first(second…)time that + 完成时 This(That / It)is the only … + that + 完成时 This(that / It)is the best / finest / most interesting … + that 从句 + 完成时 ‎③在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。如：‎ I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.‎ If you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better.‎ Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.‎ ‎4.【2016·北京】30. The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ________ with success in the end.‎ A. rewarded B. were rewarded C. will reward D. will be rewarded ‎【答案】D 考点：考查时态和语态 ‎【名师点睛】‎ 一般将来时 ‎①表示未来的动作或状态常用will / shall + 动词（常与表示将来的时间状语边用如tomorrow、next week等）。‎ ‎②表示一种趋向或习惯动作。‎ We’ll die without air or water.‎ ‎③表示趋向行为的动词如come、go、start、begin、leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。‎ ‎④be going to与will / shall, be to do, be about to do用法及区别：‎ ‎ A shall / will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定。‎ B be going to 表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；‎ be going to 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则能，表意愿。如：‎ If it is fine, we’ll go fishing.(正确)‎ If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.(错误)‎ C be to do sth.表按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性等。‎ A meeting is to be held at 3:00 o’clock this afternoon.‎ D be about to do sth.表示“即将或者正要去做某事”，通常不与时间状语连用,但可与when引导的从句连用，构成常考句型：sb was about to do when sb did sth。‎ ‎ Autumn harvest is about to start.‎ 被动语态的构成 一般式 进行式 完成式 现在时 am/is/are+p.p am/is/are+being+ p.p have/has+been + p.p 过去时 was/were+ p.p was/were+being+ p.p had +been + p.p 将来时 shall/will+be+p.p shall/will+have been+ p.p 注意：‎ 含有情态动词的谓语变化为被动语态：由“情态动词（can, may must, have to等）+be +动词的-ed形式构成。‎ 含有“be going to , be to, used to, be about to”等结构的复合谓语变为被动语态：其构成为“be going to （be to, used to, be about to）+ be +动词的-ed形式”。‎ ‎5.【2016·江苏】22.More efforts, as reported, ______in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.‎ A. are made B. will be made C. are being made D. have been made ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查时态语态。句意：正如报道的那样，在未来几年将做出的努力，以加速供给结构改革的速度。本句的时间状语“in the years ‎ ahead在未来的几年里”和将来时连用，且efforts与动词make构成被动关系，所以使用被动语态。所以要使用一般将来时的被动语态形式，故B正确。‎ 考点：考查时态语态 ‎6.【2016·江苏】29.Dashan, who_________crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.‎ A. will be learning B. is learning C. had been learning D. has been learning ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查时态。本句的时间状语是“for decades几十年来”，该时间状语通常和现在完成的有关时态连用，本句强调这几十年来大山一直努力把中国相声和西方的脱口秀相结合。所以使用现在完成进行时，强调动作的延续性和反复性。故D正确。‎ 考点：考查时态 ‎7.【2016·天津】3. When walking down the street, I came across David, when I _____ for years.‎ ‎ A. didn’t see B. haven’t seen C. hadn’t seen D. wouldn’t see ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：当沿着街道散步的时候，我遇见了多年未见的David。根据语境，“not see”这个动作发生在come across之前，是过去的过去发生的动作，用过去完成时。故选C。‎ 考点：考查动词时态。‎ ‎【名师点睛】英语中的时态主要由动词的形式决定，因此在学习英语时态时，要注意分析动词形式及具体语境，想象在那个特定的时间动作所发生的背景，这个动作是经常性动作、一般性动作、进行性动作、完成性动作还是将要发生的动作。过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示过去的过去的动作，还有一个特点就是和过去的一段时间搭配。‎ ‎8.【2016·浙江】9. Silk ______ one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.‎ A. had become B. was becoming C. has become D.is becoming ‎【答案】A 考点：考查动词时态。‎ ‎【名师点睛】动词的时态、语态是选择题中必考内容之一，动词的各种时态形式都可能考到，不过最常考的是一般现在时态，一般过去时态，现在进行时态，以及一般将来时态，现在完成时态，同时还常与非谓语动词一起考查，做语法填空题时，首先要判断括号中所给动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，如本小题第一个空就是考查谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态、语态、语气(陈述语气还是虚拟语气)、主谓一致四个方面，本小题考查过去完成时，从三个方面来进行判断：‎ ‎1. 看句子中的时间状语或时间状语从句，本小题时间状语是by about 100 BC，故判断是过去完成时。‎ ‎2. 在没有时间状语或时间状语从句时，要看上下文的谓语动词的形式。‎ ‎3. 看是否是特殊句型等。如：It was+the first time+that从句中用过去完成时。‎ ‎【语法填空】‎ ‎1.【2016·全国新课标I】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I_____62_（allow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.‎ ‎62. was allowed考查时态和语态。根据句意可知作者是被允许走近这些动物， be allowed to do sth“被允许做某事”。‎ ‎2.【2016·全国新课标III】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 49 (be) too violent for use at the table.‎ ‎49. were考查时态。根据句意可知，这里指的是刀子因太暴力而不适合在餐桌上使用，believed后跟一个宾语从句，and连接了两个并列的谓语，主语knives是复数，根据时态一致的原则，这里用一般过去时，故填were。‎ ‎3.【2016·上海】(B)‎ In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. ‎ ‎33. has been regarded  考查时态语态。本句的时间状语是in recent years最近几年以来，该时间状语通常和现在完成时连用，且句子主语stress与动词regard构成被动关系，所以使用现在完成时的被动语态形式has been regarded。‎ ‎4.【2016·四川】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ The giant panda 41 (love) by people throughout the world.‎ Then,after two and a half years,the mother 49 (drive)the young panda away.‎ ‎41.is loved 句意：大熊猫被全世界的人喜欢。根据句意可知用一般现在时态的被动语态，The giant panda是单数第三人称形式，故填is loved。‎ ‎49.drove 句意：然后，两年半后妈妈让小熊猫离开。根据句意可知用一般过去时态，故填drove。‎ ‎【短文改错】‎ ‎1.【2016·全国新课标I】短文改错（10 分） ‎ Some people even had to wait outside ‎ ‎3. had →have 考查动词时态。 文章是介绍现在的情况，应该用一般现在时。‎ ‎2.【2016·全国新课标II】短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）‎ We can chose between staying at home and take a trip. ‎ ‎2.chose改为choose 考查句子结构。“情态动词+动词原形”才可以在句中作为谓语部分，而本句中chose是过去式。‎ ‎3.【2016·全国新课标III】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ They always tell me what to do and how to do it. ‎ ‎56. tell—told考查时态。通篇回忆过去的事情，使用的一般过去时，故把tell改为told。‎ ‎4.【2016·四川】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ Mom was grateful and moving.‎ ‎10.moving---moved 句意：妈妈即感激有感动。故把moving---moved。‎ ‎5.【2016·浙江】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ He would ask who we was and pretend not to knowing us. ‎ ‎70.【答案】was改成were ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析： 这句话的主语是we，谓语用复数，而且这篇文章是作者回忆小时候的事情，用一般过去时。故was改成were。‎ 考点：考查主谓一致 ‎71.【答案】knowing改成know ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：pretend后面接不定式作宾语，这里是否定式pretend not to do。故knowing改成know。‎ 考点：考查动词不定式 ‎ 2015年高考试题 ‎1.【2015·北京】22.--Did you enjoy the party?‎ ‎--Yes,we___by our hosts.‎ A.were treated B.would be treated. C.treated D.had treated ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：——你喜欢这个聚会吗？——是的，我们的主人很好的招待了我们。根据上一句中的did可知用一般过去时；且we和treated是动宾关系，用被动语态。空中应用一般过去时的被动语态，故选A。 ‎ ‎【考点定位】考查动词的时态及语态。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题考查时态和语态，本题需要先看句子中有没有明确的时间状语，然后再看有没有相关的词，比如隐藏的时间点，和一些动词的过去式。解答时态语态题时，学生需要注意结合上下文语境，找出相关提示词来判断时态；并且分析出主语和动词是主谓关系还是动宾关系。‎ ‎2.【2015·北京】26.In the last few years,China ___ great achievements in environmental protection.‎ A.has made B.had made C.was making D.is making ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：在过去的这些年里，中国在环境保护中取得了很大的成就。由时间状语in the last few years可推知动作从过去一段时间持续到现在并对现在造成影响，用现在完成时。故选A。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查时态。‎ ‎【名师点睛】判断时态可以从时间状语入手，题干中的in the last few years为现在完成时的时间标志词。类似的还有over/ for/ during the last/ past years/months…均为现在完成时的时间标志，所以做此类题时，需要先看句子中是否有明确的时间点，然后我再判断时态。‎ ‎3.【2015·北京】27.—Did you have difficulty finding Ann' house?‎ ‎—Not really.She___us clear directions and we were able to find it.easily?‎ A.was to give B.had given C.was giving D.would give ‎【答案】B ‎【考点定位】考查时态。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题考查学生对时态的掌握情况，现在完成时和过去完成时都是考试中常出的考点。分析前后两句两个动作，判断出后者的动作发生在前者的动作之前，是过去的过去，用过去完成时。‎ ‎4.【2015·北京】30. —Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.‎ ‎—All right. I____ him later.‎ A. will call B. have called C. call D will be calling ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：——Dr.Jackson现在不在办公室。——好的，我待会再打给他。由later可知，表示的是将来要执行的动作，用一般将来时。故选A。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查时态。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题根据对话形式进行时态考查，句中包含的时间状语是解答此题的突破点。所以要做好此类题，一定要注意题中有没有明确的时间点，或者其他可以代替时间点的词，所以根据时间状语可以看出正确答案。‎ ‎5.【2015·重庆】1. —Is Peter coming?‎ ‎—No, he____ his mind after a phone call at the last minute.‎ A. changes B. changed C. was changing D. had changed ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】 ‎ 试题分析：句意：彼得来了吗？没有，刚才接到一个电话后改变主意了。根据at the last minute在最后一秒可能发生在过去，故用一般过去时。 ‎ ‎【考点定位】考查动词的时态。‎ ‎【名师点睛】动词的时态一直是热点，需要根据时间状语来进行确定，但本题要根据当时的语境来进行再次确认，才得到答案。首先看到第一句话Is Peter coming来了吗？可知彼得还没有来，而下句话at the last minute最后一刻，符合一般过去时的用法中的，第一条：一般过去时表示过去某个特定时间发生，并且一下子就完成了的动作（即：非持续性动作）。‎ ‎6.【2015·重庆】13. In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat____ cut.‎ A. will have been B. will be C. was D. has been ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】 ‎ 试题分析：句意：在我的家乡，麦子丰收过后农民会有一个庆祝晚餐。现在完成时表示动作已经完成，才会举行庆祝活动，故选D项。 ‎ ‎【考点定位】考查动词的时态 ‎【名师点睛】 现在完成时现在完成时由“have/has+过去分词”构成，主要有两个含义： ①表示动作发生在过去，但与现在的情况有联系，有时无时间状语，有时和一些表示不确定的过去时间状语连用②表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并还可能继续延续下去的动作，用于延续性动词，且句中常带有表示一段时间的时间状语。‎ ‎7.【2015·浙江】8. Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a child, few people guessed that he a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.‎ ‎ A. has been B. had been C. was going to be D. was ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：爱因斯坦出生于1879年，小的时候很少人猜到他将会成为一个伟大的科学家，他的理论将会改变全世界。根据句意，应该是表达过去将来时，所以只有C选项符合。该选项是使用过去进行时表将来。A选项是现在完成时（用以表达过去的动作对现在的影响，往往有一些关键的词比如说since或者是for加一段时间），B选项是过去完成时(具备的条件是有两个动词，而且其中一个动作要在另一个动作之前发生，那么这个之前发生的动词就使用过去完成时)，C选项是过去进行时（过去进行时表示过去某一此刻正在进行的动作，另外动词going的进行时还可以表达将来），D选项是过去时（表达过去的动作）。结合以上的表述以及后句使用的情态动词would（will 的过去时，用于过去将来时），分析可知答案就是C。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查动词时态 ‎【名师点睛】分析4个选项可以知道，该题考查的其实是不同的时态。掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题，如本题的1879, would change的提示。另外也要结合使用语境综合分析选项，最终得出答案。‎ ‎8.【2015·天津】9. Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement______ so far by the two sides.‎ A. has been reached B. was reached ‎ C. will reach D. will have reached ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：尽管之前多轮谈判，但到目前为止双方没有达成任何协议。根据句中的时间状语so far“到目前为止”可知用现在完成时。主语agreement与reach为被动关系，根据句意可知选A。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查时态。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题考查时态。现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。分析此题只需要牢牢抓住时间状语so far“到目前为止”，从而判定出所应当运用的时态。‎ ‎9.【2015·天津】6. Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she ______ a class at that time.‎ ‎ A. will teach B. would teach ‎ C. has taught D. will be teaching ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：简不能参加今天下午3点钟的会议，因为她那个时候在一个班上课。根据句中的时间状语at that time，指代at 3 o’clock this afternoon，表示在将来的某一时刻正在做某事，故用将来完成时。故选D。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查时态。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题考查时态。将来进行时主要表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，或表示要在将来某一时间开始，并继续下去的动作。分析此题需抓住时间状语，以及that time所代指的时间，再联系所学将来进行时所应用的范围及句意可以选择正确的答案。‎ ‎10.【2015·四川】4.More expressways in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.‎ A. are being built B. will be built C. have been built D. had been built ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查时态。本句为时态题，根据时间状语soon可知，考查了将来时，故选择B。句意为：四川将建设更多的高速公路以促进当地的经济。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查时态 ‎【名师点睛】本题考查时态。英语中的时态是靠动词的变化来体现的，在具体做题时，需要关注的是时间状语。因此，考生在做本题时，需要先找出时间状语soon，然后才能准确判断时态是一般将来时。通过观察选项可知，选项A是现在进行时；选项B是一般将来时；选项C是现在完成时；选项D是过去完成时。故选择B。‎ ‎11.【2015·陕西】24. At college, Barack Obama didn’t know that he the first black president of the United States of America.‎ A. was to become B. becomes C. is to become D. became ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【考点定位】考查过去将来时 ‎【名师点睛】英语中的时态主要由动词的形式决定，因此在学习英语时态时，要注意分析动词形式及具体语境，想象在那个特定的时间动作所发生的背景，这个动作是经常性动作、一般性动作、进行性动作、完成性动作还是将要发生的动作。这题的解题关键是didn’t know。‎ ‎12.【2015·陕西】22. Mary really hard on his book and thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday.‎ A. worked B. has been working C. had worked D. has worked ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：Marty一直努力写书，我想他到周五为止将已经完成了。用现在完成进行时表示从过去到现在一直进行的动作。所以选B。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查现在完成进行时 ‎【名师点睛】英语中的时态主要由动词的形式决定，因此在学习英语时态时，要注意分析动词形式及具体语境，想象在那个特定的时间动作所发生的背景，这个动作是经常性动作、一般性动作、进行性动作、完成性动作还是将要发生的动作。现在完成进行时表示从过去到现在一直进行可能还要继续进行的动作。‎ ‎13.【2015·福建】30.—Where is Peter? I can't find him anywhere.‎ ‎—He went to the library after breakfast and his essay there ever since.‎ A. wrote B. had written C. has been writing D. is writing ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查现在完成进行时。根据句意：---彼得在那里，我哪儿都找不到他。---他在早餐过后就去了图书馆，然后自从那以后他就一直在那里写论文。从句意中可以知道彼得是吃过早餐之后去了图书馆，从那个时候开始他就一直在写论文，这个动作一直延续到了现在，所以用现在完成时。现在完成进行时表示动作从某一时间开始，一直持续到现在。故选C ‎【考点定位】考查现在完成进行时 ‎【名师点睛】时态的考查在高考题的应用中也是无处不在的，时态本身的考查也是千变万化的，本题旨在考查学生对现在完成进行时的理解和用法的熟悉程度，要求结合语境进行分析，根据句子的意思可以判断出当前应该使用哪一种时态，本题中也有一定的暗示时态的标志ever since，从而可以判断出应该用现在完成进行时。‎ ‎14.【2015·福建】26.To my delight, I from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.‎ A. was chosen B. was being chosen C. would choose D. had chosen ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查时态和语态。根据句意：让我高兴的是，我从成百上千的参加者中被选中参加开幕式。可以知道这里应该是被动语态，又因为被选中是过去发生的事情，这里只是对过去发生的事情的一般描述，故用一般过去式，故选A。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查时态和语态辨析。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题旨在考查句子的时态和语态，要求学生明确地掌握各个时态的定义以及它们在时间上的划分段和用法，以及不同语态的用法。时态也是高考题的一个重点。辨明句子的时态，一是看句子中有没有明确表示时态的关键词，另一个方法就是结合句意判断动词的发生时间是在什么时候。‎ ‎15.【2015·江苏】30.The real reason why prices ____ , and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.‎ A. were B. will be C. have been D. had been ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：过去和现在价格一直居高不下的真正原因很复杂，简短的讨论解释这一问题无法让人满意。根据题干中“and still are”的提示可知过去价格也居高不下，故用一般过去时，表示过去的状态。故选A项。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查动词时态 ‎【名师点睛】做时态题时，考生应抓住时态标志词，即题干中明显的时间状语或已有动词的时态，利用时态呼应的原则迅速锁定正确答案。本题中已有动词的时态为一般现在时，still暗示前面用一般过去时与此呼应。C项容易误选，这里现在完成时表示从过去到现在一直是这种状态，包括了现在，与后面的一般现在时有重复部分，故排除。‎ ‎16.【2015·安徽】29.It is reported that a space station ______ on the moon in years to come.‎ A. will be building B. will be built C. has been building D. has been built ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：据报道，人们在接下来的几年里将在月球上建一个空间站。根据“in years to come”可知用将来时，space station和build是动宾关系，应该使用被动语态，故选B。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查时态 ‎【名师点睛】本题考查时态。做时态类的题目，需要从句中找出时间状语，没有时间状语时，需要结合句意来判断句子的时态。根据“in years to come”可知，这里说的是将来的事情，且空间站是被建造的，space station和build是动宾关系，应该用被动语态。‎ ‎17.【2015·安徽】24.Just as I got to the school gate, I realised I ______ my bank in the cafe.‎ A. have left B. had left C would leave D. was leaving ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：我刚一到学校门口，就意识到我把书落在餐馆了。realized后省略了that，这里是一个宾语从句，从句时态与主句保持一致，“落下”的动作发生在“意识到”之前，应该用过去完成时，故选B。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查时态 ‎【名师点睛】本题考查时态。宾语从句的“三要素”是连接词、时态和语序。连接词主要可分为三种，即that；if/whether；what/how/when/where等；宾语从句用陈述句语序；宾语从句的时态要与主句保持一致，发生在“过去的过去”的动作，用过去完成时。‎ ‎18.【2015·湖南】28.He must have sensed that I ________ him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, "Why are you staring at me like that?"‎ ‎ A. would look at B. looked at C. was looking at D. am looking at ‎【答案】C ‎【考点定位】考查时态。‎ ‎【名师点睛】根据选项可以知道，该题考查的其实是不同的时态。掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题，如根据本题的He must have sensed和He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly提示。另外也要结合使用语境综合分析选项，最终得出答案。‎ ‎19.【2015·湖南】25.I wasn't able to hide my eagerness when I ________, "What do you wish me to do now?"‎ ‎ A. ask B. have asked C. am asking D. asked ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。此题主句的时态为一般过去时，表示这个事情和动作发生在过去，故从句时态也要用一般过去时。句意：我不能隐藏我的渴望，当我问道，“你现在希望我做些什么？”故选D ‎【考点定位】考查时间状语的时态。‎ ‎【名师点睛】分析4个选项可以知道，该题考查的其实是不同的时态。掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题，如本题的I wasn't able to是一个提示。另外也要结合使用语境综合分析选项，最终得出答案。‎ ‎20.【2015·湖南】22.As you go through this book, you ________ that each of the millions of people who lived through World War II had a different experience.‎ ‎ A. will find B. found C. had found D. have found ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或情况。在一般将来时的句子中，有时有表示将来时间的状语，有时没有时间状语，这时要从意思上判断是否指未来的动作或情况。句意：当你通读这本书的时候，你将会发现成千上万的经历过二战的每个人都有不同的经历。根据句意，判断主语的时态为一般将来时，故选A ‎【考点定位】考查时态。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题旨在考查句子的时态，要求学生明确地掌握各个时态的定义以及它们在时间上的划分段和用法。“助动词will或shall+动词原形”这一形式，表示将来发生的事情，用于征求对方的意见或表示客气的邀请。现在完成时表示到说话时为止（或到现在为止）已经发生或完成了（不一定结束）的动作或状态，共有四种主要用法：一、现在完成时表示影响；二、现在完成时表示持续；三、现在完成时表示重复；四、现在完成时表示将来。而在此题中As you go through this book是一个现在时了，所以后文就不能出现过去时或过去完成时。虽然在此题中没有明确的时间状语，但从意思上还是可以理解出来的。‎ ‎21.【2015·湖南】35.That's why I help brighten people's days. If you ________， who's to say that another person will?‎ A. didn't B. don't C．weren't D．haven't ‎【答案】B 　‎ ‎【解析】考查动词的时态。根据主句中another person will可知，此处隐含将来的动作，但是条件状语从句中通常用现在时表示将来的动作。故选B。句意：这就是我为什么为别人的生活增添乐趣。如果你不这样做的话，天知道还会有谁做。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查动词的时态。‎ ‎【名师点睛】一般现在时:表示通常性、规律性、习惯性的状态或者动作（有时间规律发生的事件）的一种时间状态；在一般现在时中,当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,即常在动词原形后加-s或-es.在本题目中，可以从这个角度来判断，主将从现是指在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时替代一般将来时。比如：条件状语从句的主句是一般将来时，那么从句常常用一般现在时 如： When I grow up, I’ll be a nurse and look after patients ‎ ‎ 我长大后要当一名护士，照顾病人。‎ ‎22.【2015·湖南】32.I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but ________ thankfully by the shop window.‎ A. am held back B. held back C．hold back D．was held back ‎【答案】D 　‎ ‎【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。根据主句中的had可知时态是一般过去时；hold与主语构成逻辑上的被动关系，因此用一般过去时的被动语态，故选D。句意：我极其渴望进到商店去玩那个玩具，但是幸亏被橱窗挡住了。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查动词的时态和语态。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ ‎【名师点睛】分析4个选项可以知道，该题考查的其实是不同的时态。掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题，如本题的判断, 根据主句中的had可知时态是一般过去时。另外也要结合使用语境综合分析选项，最终得出答案。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【两年模拟】2017、2018名校模拟题及其答案解析 ‎2018年模拟题 单项选择 ‎1．【北京市丰台区2018届高三5月综合练习（二模）】A heavy sandstorm is going to envelop our city. It is unwise to have your car .‎ A. wash B. washed C. washing D. to wash ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查过去分词做宾语补足语。句意：一场猛烈的沙尘暴将包围我们的城市。把你的车洗干净是不明智的。have sth done使某物成一种……的状态，your car和wash之间是被动关系，用过去分词做宾语补足语，故选B。‎ ‎2．【北京市丰台区2018届高三5月综合练习（二模）】Your donation greatly appreciated and the money will be used to help the students from poor families.‎ A. has been B. is C. was D. had been ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查时态。句意：非常感谢你的捐款，这笔钱将用于帮助贫困家庭的学生。结合句意，可知句子用一般现在时态的被动语态，故答案为B。‎ ‎3．【北京市丰台区2018届高三5月综合练习（二模）】—Did your father enjoy seeing his old friends yesterday?‎ ‎—Yes, he did. They each other for ages.‎ A. didn’t see B. wouldn’t see C. haven’t seen D. hadn’t seen ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查时态。——你父亲昨天喜欢看他的老朋友吗？——是的，喜欢。他们多年没见面了。这里指的是“昨天以前，多年没见面了”，所以句子用过去完成时态，答案为D。‎ ‎4．【北京市朝阳区2018届高三5月综合练习（二模）】‎ Just an hour ago he told me on the phone that he ______ home right after his work.‎ A. has come B. comes C. came D. would come ‎【答案】D ‎5．【北京市朝阳区2018届高三5月综合练习（二模）】‎ ‎––You seem to be familiar with this city.‎ ‎—I ______ here for three years. It’s so great to be back.‎ A. lived B. had lived C. have lived D. live ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查动词时态。句意：——你似乎对这个城市很熟悉。——我在这里住过三年，回来真是太好了。表示以前在这里住过三年，说明一种过去的事实情况，故用一般过去时，故选A ‎6．【北京市朝阳区2018届高三5月综合练习（二模）】‎ The girl’s eyes brightened when she saw the birthday present she ______.‎ A. would promise B. had promised C. would be promised D. had been promised ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查动词时态。句意：当女孩看到她被允诺的生日礼物时，她的眼睛亮了起来。根据句意可知从句中表示”被承诺”用被动语态，且此动作发生在”看到“动作之前，也就是过去的过去，用过去完成时的被动语态，故选D.‎ ‎7．【江苏省苏锡常镇四市2018届高三教学情况调研（一）】Our country has launched a campaign to ban smoking in public places, which with some heavy smokers.‎ A. concerns B. was concerned C. concerned D. is concerned ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】D考查时态。句意：我们的国家已经发起了一项禁止在公共场所吸烟的运动，这与一些烟瘾很大的人有关。短语be concerned with“与…有关”，主句用了现在完成时态，which定语从句用一般现在时态，故选D。‎ ‎8．【江苏省苏锡常镇四市2018届高三教学情况调研（一）】-Do you like the mobile game Traveling Frog?‎ ‎-Yes, the posts about the virtual green frog over 4 million times.‎ A. have read B. have been read C. would be read D. are reading ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】B考查现在完成时被动语态。句意：--你喜欢移动游戏青蛙吗？--是的，关于虚拟绿蛙的帖子已经被阅读了400多万次。The posts和read是被动关系，用被动语态，“已经被阅读过了”用完成时态，故选B。‎ ‎9．【江苏省启东中学2018届高三最后一模】—How was your job interview?‎ ‎—Very successful. I ________ my homework about the company, you know.‎ A. had done B. have done C. did D. was doing ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 考查时态。句意：——你的工作面试怎么样？——非常成功。我了解过这家公司。由第一句可知，参加面试是过去的行为，那么了解该公司应该是面试之前的行为，即过去的过去，故该句应用过去完成时态。A选项正确。‎ ‎10．【江苏省启东中学2018届高三最后一模】—Don’t make a special journey to pick up the laundry for me.‎ ‎—It’s OK. I ________ to the shop anyway.‎ A. was going B. will have gone C. have gone D. will be going ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查时态。句意：——不用专门为我去取衣服。——没关系。反正我都要去商店。由第一句可知，去取衣服是还没有发生的事情，由此可知，去商店是将来的事情，故D选项正确。D选项的将来进行时相当于一般将来时。‎ 语法填空 ‎1. 【安徽省蚌埠市第一中学2018届高三上学期期中】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Smile is a universal language, which ___41___ (use) throughout the world. However, the meaning of a smile in different cultures may be different. Depending on different cultures, smiling can express joy and ___42___ (amuse), but it can also indicate embarrassment. The following examples show this point of view. In an attempt to be open and ___43___ (friend), people in the United States smile a lot. Every one smiles at each other and this nonverbal communication shows being polite in the United States. But in China, smiling is not only ___44___ expression of happiness, but also a way to avoid ___45___(be) embarrassed. Chinese people like smiling when they are embarrassed in order to avoid embarrassment. Smiling is a kind of good will but not sneer (嘲笑). For example: When a child falls off from a bike, the adults in China may smile, ___46___ is a kind of gentle encouragement and may not be a kind of impolite laugh.‎ The laugh is ___47___ (relate) to the smile. Also, different cultures have various ___48___ (meaning) about laugh. Americans can enjoy a very heartfelt belly (腹部) laugh that comes ___49___ the deepest emotions while most Chinese may think ___50___ silly to laugh that way.‎ ‎【答案】41. is used ‎ ‎42. amusement ‎ ‎43. friendly ‎ ‎44. an 45. being ‎ ‎46. which 47. Related ‎ ‎48. meanings ‎ ‎49. from 50. it/it’s ‎【解析】微笑是世界语言，但是，不同的文化，微笑的意思是不同的。文章介绍了不同文化中微笑的含义。‎ ‎41. 考查副词。句意：微笑是世界语言，在全世界被广泛使用。但是，在不同的文化中，微笑的意思是不同的。‎ ‎42. 考查名词。该空在句中和joy并列，做express的宾语，故要用名词。‎ ‎43. 考查形容词。friendly是形容词，和open并列，做be的表语。‎ ‎44. 考查冠词。句意：微笑不仅仅是快乐的表示，而且是避免尴尬的方式。expression意为“表达，表示，表现”，是可数名词。结合句意，该处应用不定冠词。且expression的发音开头是元音音素，故该空应填不定冠词an。‎ ‎45. 考查非谓语动词。avoid意为“避免”，后面接名词或动名词做宾语。‎ ‎48. 考查介词。be related to意为“和……有关”，是固定搭配。‎ ‎49. 考查名词。meaning意为“意思”，是可数名词，该空前有different修饰，故要填复数形式。‎ ‎50. 考查代词。it在句中做形式宾语，指代“to laugh that way”。另外，“_____10________silly to laugh that way”还可看作think的宾语从句，在该从句中，it是形式主语，代指“to laugh that way”，is是系动词。‎ ‎2. 【广东省化州市2018届高三上学期第二次高考模拟】阅读下面材料，在空白处填写1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Fake news has long been ___41___ serious problem, and social media ___42___ (blame) for allowing fake news stories to spread. US tech___43___ (company) Facebook and Google have been ‎ using ___44___ (analyze) technology to fact-check stories and add labels ___45___ dubious (可疑的) ones to warn their readers.‎ But recently a survey ___46___ (find) that as many as 60 percent of people in the US still think that not enough is being done___47___ (keep) internet users away from fake news. According to Eric Carvin, social media editor at the Associated Press, ___48___(fight) fake news is like “whack-a-mole (打地鼠游戏)”, she said, ___49___ means that for now, we’ll just have to rely on ___50___ (we) common sense to decide what’s real and what isn’t.‎ ‎【答案】41. a 42. has been blamed 43. companies 44. analytical 45. to 46. found ‎ ‎47. to keep 48. fighting 49. which 50. our ‎【解析】试题分析：虚假新闻一直是一个严重的问题。脸书和谷歌公司一直使用分析技术核实事实，给可疑的故事添加标签来警告读者。但是虚假新闻就像打地鼠，需要我们依靠常识来辨别。‎ ‎41. 考查冠词。句意：虚假新闻长期以来一直是一个严重的问题。problem是可数名词，结合句意，故填a。‎ ‎42. 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：……社交媒体应为允许虚假新闻的传播负责。主语social media与谓语动词blame是被动关系，根据上文提到的has long been可推断，用现在完成时态。主语是第三人称单数。故填has been blamed。‎ ‎43. 考查名词。根据下文提到的脸书和谷歌两个公司可知，此处用复数。故填companies。‎ ‎44. 考查形容词。修饰名词用形容词，analytical technology“分析技术”。故填analytical。‎ ‎45. 考查介词。句意：……给可疑的故事添加标签来警告读者。add…to…“增添……到……上”是常用搭配。故填to。‎ ‎46. 考查动词。根据时间状语recently可推断，句子讲述过去发生的事情用一般过去时。主语a survey与谓语动词find是主动关系。故填found。‎ ‎47. 考查非谓语动词。“__7___ (keep) internet users away from fake news”是作目的状语，不定式短语常用作目的状语。故填to keep。‎ ‎48. 考查非谓语动词。句意：……与虚假新闻作战像打地鼠。fighting fake news作主语，作主语用动名词形式。故填fighting。‎ ‎49. 考查定语从句。which引导定语从句，which指代整个主句“___8___(fight) fake news is like “whack-a-mole”，从句中作主语。故填which。‎ ‎50.‎ ‎ 考查代词。句意：……我们必须依靠我们的常识来断定哪些是真的，哪些是假的。修饰名词用形容词性物主代词。故填our。‎ ‎3. 【广西桂林市九校2018届高三9月联考】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ The Sydney Opera House has a very interesting history. ___41___ all started in the 1940s, when the Sydney Symphony Orchestra had nowhere to play. The orchestra’s conductor, Eugene Goossens, asked the Australian government to think about building a place and the government ___42___ (final) agreed to build an opera house in 1954.‎ The government held an ___43___ (nation) competition to find a design for the opera house. Many of the 233 designers from around the world ___44___ entered the competition were famous, but the design of an unknown Danish architect ___45___ (name) Jorn Utzom was chosen as the ___46___ (win).‎ While drawing up the plans, Utzon remembered the temples he ___47___ (see) in Mexico before and used them as his inspiration for the base ___48___ the opera house in Sydney The building of the opera house began in 1958, but Utzon had still not finished his plans He did not like his first plan as the concrete roof shells did not work. His new idea was ___49___ (make) the shell shapes on the roof into the shape of a ball. That way, the same ball mould (模型) could be used for several roof ___50___ (part). In 1962, the government agreed to the new ball roof idea. The building was completed and in November 1973, the Sydney Opera Hope was opened by Queen Elizabeth II.‎ ‎【答案】41. It / That ‎ ‎42. finally ‎ ‎43. international ‎ ‎44. who / that ‎ ‎45. named 46. winner ‎ ‎47. had seen ‎ ‎48. of 49. to make ‎ ‎50. parts ‎【解析】文章介绍了悉尼歌剧院设计构思的征集、思路的变化和修建的过程。‎ ‎41. It / That.‎ 考查代词。此处指The Sydney Opera House是单数，在句中作主语，故填It / That.‎ ‎42. finally.‎ 考查副词。此处修饰动词agree用副词，指最后同意，故填finally.‎ ‎43. international.‎ 考查形容词。此处根据an 和名词competition可知用形容词修饰，指一场国际竞争，故填international.‎ ‎44. who / that.‎ 考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是designers指人，在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词who / that引导，指参加竞赛的设计者们，故填who / that.‎ ‎45. named.‎ 考查过去分词。句中an unknown Danish architect和Jorn Utzom是被动关系，用过去分词作定语。指被叫做Jorn Utzom的建筑师，故填named.‎ ‎46. winner.‎ 考查名词。此处由the修饰，指被选为获胜者，用名词。故填“获胜者”winner.‎ ‎47. had seen.‎ 考查动词时态。此处指Utzon想起他以前在墨西哥见过的寺庙，主句动词用的是过去时remembered，发生在它之前的动作用过去完成时，故填had seen.‎ ‎50. parts.‎ 考查名词。此处part是可数名词由several修饰，指几部分用复数形式。故填parts. ‎ ‎4. 【广东省茂名市五大联盟学校2018届高三3月联考】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ We’re offering free tickets to go and see a film called A Year in Greenland. The film, which ___41___ (tell) you all about the plants and animals in that wonderful country, has won ___42___ prize at the national film festival — it’s well worth ___43___ ( see).‎ The film can only be seen at the new cinema that has just been completed inside the Science Museum in the city centre. It’s showing this Sunday with ___44___ (perform) every hour from midday onwards, with the last showing at 5 o’clock, two hours before the museum closes. So there are six times to choose ___45___.‎ So why not take the whole family to the museum this Sunday? Children will want to head straight down to the basement ___46___ the computers are kept. I promise you they’11 come away with all sorts of ___47___ (excite) pictures they’ve created.‎ Entrance to the museum is free on Sundays, but it would ___48___ (normal) cost $ 3.25 to go and see the film.___49___ (get) your free tickets, you should e-mail this program by midday on Friday. We’ve only got a limited number of tickets, so the ___50___ (early) you e-mail us, the more likely you are to get one.‎ ‎【答案】41. tells ‎ ‎42. a 43. seeing ‎ ‎44. performances ‎ ‎45. from 46. where ‎ ‎47. exciting ‎ ‎48. normally ‎ ‎49. To get 50. earlier ‎【解析】本题既要理解全文的意思，根据前后文的衔接来做题，还要掌握固定搭配的使用。还要理解关于句子成分的理解和动词的各种转化。‎ ‎41. 考察句子成分及动词的应用。根据“We're offering free tickets to go and see a film called A Year in Greenland. The film, which ___1___ (tell) you all about the plants and animals in that wonderful country, ”可知，tell在这做谓语动词，主语为单数，所以谓语动词要用单三形式。故填tells。‎ ‎42. 考察冠词的应用。根据“ has won ___2___ prize at the national film festival- it's well worth ___3___(see).”句意：他赢得的一个奖励在国际电影节上。此处应填不定冠词。故填a。‎ ‎43. 考察固定搭配的应用。s won ___2___ prize at the national film festival- it's well worth ___3___(see).句意：他在国际电影节上赢得了奖励，这是值得看的。be worth doing sth做某事是值得的。故填seeing。‎ ‎44. 考察名词及语境的应用。根据“It's showing this Sunday with ___4___ (perform) every hour from midday onwards, with the last showing at 5 o’clock,”句意：在这个星期天他展示了他的表演。此处应为名词。故填performance。‎ ‎45. 考察介词及语境的应用。根据“, two hours before the museum closes. So there are six times to choose ___5___ .”句意：从六次中挑选一次。Choose...from...从...中挑选。故填from。‎ ‎46. 考察定语从句中关系代词的应用。根据“ Children will want to head straight down to the basement ___6___ the computers are kept. ”可知，前面的先行词为地点词，在后面句子中做主语，应用where。故填where。‎ ‎47. 考察动名词的应用。根据“I promise you they’ll come away with all sorts of ___7___(excite) pictures they’ve created.”前面的介词为of，介词后面应跟名词，则填动名词形式。故填exciting。‎ ‎48. 考察副词的应用。根据“Entrance to the museum is free on Sundays, but it would ___8___ (normal) cost ﹩3.25 to go and see the film. ”此处的词修饰后面的动词cost，修饰动词应用副词。故填normally。‎ ‎49. 考察动词不定式的应用。根据“ ___9___ (get）your free tickets, you should e-mail this program by midday on Friday. ”句意：为了得到免费的票，你应该在星期五买。此处表示目的，应用动词的不定式。故填To get。‎ ‎50. 考察比较级的应用。根据“ We've only got a limited number of tickets, so the ___10___ (early) you e-mail us, the more likely you are to get one.”句意：我们仅仅得到了数量有限的票，如果你去的更早，你更可能得到一个。此处应为比较级形式。故填earlier。‎ ‎5. 【河北省邯郸市2018届高三1月教学质量检测】语法填空 Gabi Rizea only discovered his talent for woodcarving three years ago, and has since put 37． to good use, saving dozens of old tree stumps (树桩) from 38． (remove) by turning them into impressive works of art.‎ Rizea became a woodcarver 39． (complete) by accident. Three years ago, after buying himself a new chainsaw (链锯), he 40． (start) “playing” with it on a block of wood. He tried carving a human face into the wood, and to his surprise, it turned out pretty good. Today, he is so good at woodcarving that his home city allows him to work his magic on old tree stumps and so far about 40 works of art 41． (create) in the local parks.‎ ‎“In 99% of the cases, the wood just doesn’t match my ideas,” he said in an interview. “I ‎ first have to remove all the rotten parts, and sometimes,42． is left isn’t enough for my designs.”‎ Following his recent rise to fame, Rizea has been asked by many 43． (city), including the capital of Romania to transform their old tree trunks 44． works of art. He promised to honor their requests, but he will never repeat any of the artworks 45． (find) in his home city.‎ In spite of his obvious talent, the Romanian 46． (art) recently got into art school in order to fully master woodcarving.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎37．it38．being removed39．completely40．started41．have been created42．what43．cities44．into 45．found46．artist ‎【解析】37．此处代替前面的talent， put it to good use 投入使用。‎ ‎38．保护树桩不被移走，而是变成艺术品。树桩与移走是被动。‎ ‎39．此处修饰谓语became，所以用completely。‎ ‎40．此处用过去式，因为时间状语为three years ago ‎41．词句中用时间状语so far，所以时态用现在完成时，作品与创作是被动。‎ ‎42．此处为主语从句，主语从句缺主语用what。‎ ‎43．此处跟在many后用复数cities ‎44．此处为固定搭配Transform。。。 into 把。。。转化成。。。‎ ‎45．此处found为过去分词作定语，修饰artworks，作品与发现是被动。‎ ‎46．此处指的是Gabi Rizea，所以指人，Romanian是形容词，修饰名词，所以用artist。‎ 短文改错 ‎1. 【安徽省蚌埠市第一中学2018届高三上学期期中】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ I learned the meaning of been trusted when I was in junior school. At that time, I was the very shy girl and no one ever take notice of me. One day, we were asked for to recite a text. Mr. Liu, our English teacher, saying that only after we recited to him could we go home. My classmate left the classroom one after another. At last, I gathered courage to stand in front of him. But before I started, he said in a low and clear voice, “I trust you.” You can’t imagine that much his words meant to me. Thanks to Mr. Liu, I am confidently in both life and study now.‎ ‎【答案】1. been 改为 being ‎ ‎2. the 改为 a ‎ ‎3. take 改为 took ‎ ‎4. 删掉 for ‎5. saying 改为 said ‎ ‎6. recited 后加上 it ‎ ‎7. classmate 改为 classmates ‎8. and 改为 but ‎ ‎9. that 改为 how ‎ ‎10. confidently 改为 confident 第三处：考查动词。根据时间状语“At that time”可知，句子讲述过去发生的事情用一般过去时。take是谓语动词，故将take改为took。‎ 第四处：考查介词。句意：一天，我们被要求背诵一篇课文。ask“要求；请求”，ask sb. for sth.“向某人要某物”。根据语境，故去掉ask后的for。‎ 第五处：考查动词。分析句子成分可知，say是谓语动词，根据语境可知，句子讲述过去发生的事情用一般过去时。故将saying改为said。‎ 第六处：考查代词。句意：刘老师，我们的英语老师，说我们只有背过课文才能回家。根据语境，it指代上文提到的“text”。故recite后加it。‎ 第七处：考查名词。句意：我的同学一个接一个离开了教室。由“one after ‎ another”可推断，classmate用复数。故将classmate改为classmates。‎ 第八处：考查连词。句意：最后，我鼓足勇气站到他的面前。在我开始之前，他用很低但是很清晰的声音说，“我相信你”。前后文是顺承关系不是转折关系。故将But改为And。‎ 第九处：考查连词。句意：你不能想象他的话对我的意义有多大。根据语境可知，how引导感叹句式，how修饰形容词或者副词。故将that改为how。‎ 第十处：考查形容词。句意：多亏了刘老师，现在我在生活和学习方面都很自信。confident是形容词作表语。故将confidently改为confident。‎ ‎2. 【广东省化州市2018届高三上学期第二次高考模拟】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下短文。短文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在此符号下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ Today we visited a farm. Early in the morning we will set off together from the school gate. The farm workers gave we a warm welcome. Then the head of the farm showed us up. What glad we were to see the crops and vegetables growing good. At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine. After short rest, we had great fun sing and dancing, telling jokes and stories. Two of us even play a game of chess. Therefore, the time passed quickly and we had to say goodbye to the worker.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎【解析】考查动词。根据上文提到的visited可推断，用一般过去时。set的过去式是原形。故去掉set前的will。‎ 考查代词。作宾语用人称代词的宾格。故将we改为us。‎ 考查介词。句意：后来农场的主人领着我们参观。show sb. around“带领某人参观”符合语境，show up“出现”。故将up改为around。‎ 考查连词。句意：看到庄稼和蔬菜长得好我们是多么高兴啊。what“多么的”是形容词，修饰名词；how“多么地”是副词，修饰形容词或者副词作状语。故将What改为How。‎ 考查副词。grow“生长”是实义动词，修饰动词用副词作状语。故将good改为well。‎ 考查冠词。a short rest“短暂的休息”是常用短语。故在After后加a。‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：短暂的休息以后，我们愉快地唱歌、跳舞、讲笑话和故事。have fun doing sth.“愉快地做某事”是常用搭配。故将sing改为singing。‎ 考查动词。根据语境可知，文章讲述过去的事情用一般过去时，谓语动词应用一般过去时态。故将play改为played。‎ 考查副词。根据语境可知，上文阐述我们玩得很愉快，而下文则说明时间过得很快，我们必须与这些工人说再见了。上下文是转折关系不是因果关系，有逗号和主句隔开用副词however。故将Therefore改为However。‎ 考查名词。worker“工人”是可数名词，根据语境，农场里应有许多工人，用复数。故将worker改为workers。‎ ‎3. 【广西桂林市九校2018届高三9月联考】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ One evening I went out with my friends Wang Yi for a meal in a country pub. We left at 9:30 and I was offered to take Wang Yi home. We were driving along when, suddenly, a car drove past us out of control. The car crashed and before that it burst into flames. We ran to the burning car quickly. When we get there, we saw three people trapping inside. They were screaming and we knew we had to get them in. It was extreme hot as we opened the doors, and we saved them successfully. It's nice feeling to know they have helped to save those people.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎【解析】文章介绍了作者和朋友Wang Yi路遇车祸事件帮助救人的故事，能帮助别人他们感到很欣慰。‎ ‎6. in →out.考查介词。此处指把他们弄出来，get sb. out“把…弄出来”，介词用out，故in →out.‎ ‎7. extreme →extremely.考查副词。此处修饰形容词hot用副词，指相当热，故extreme →extremely.‎ ‎8. and →but.考查连词。句意：我们打开门时里面相当热，我们成功地救出了他们。前后句是并列关系，不是转折，故and →but.‎ ‎9.nice前加a.考查冠词。此处表示一种很好的感觉，用a表示“一”，故nice前加a.‎ ‎10.they→we.考查代词。此处指我们帮助救了那些人，指我和朋友Wang Yi用we指代，故they→we.‎ ‎4. 【广东省茂名市五大联盟学校2018届高三3月联考】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ When I started learning English, I found it very difficulty. No matter what hard I tried, I just could not understand the grammar. Then one day, my sister asked me why I was so confusing by English and I told her that I was afraid of it. Then she asked me to watching English movies and listen to some English songs. I fell in the love with these songs. I learned to sing them and find I could remember more and more word. I also felt very interested the movies, because I could learn everyday words from them. Have become interested, I’ve started to make greatly progress. Now, I’m not afraid of English any more.‎ ‎【答案】1. difficulty→difficult ‎ ‎2. what→how ‎ ‎3. confusing→confused ‎ ‎4. watching→watch ‎5. 去掉love前的the ‎ ‎6. find→found ‎ ‎7. word→words ‎ ‎8. interested 后加 in ‎9. Have→Having ‎ ‎10. greatly→great ‎【解析】第一处：考查形容词。句意：当我开始学英语时，我发现它非常难。该处考查find+宾语+宾语补足语结构。difficult做宾语补足语。‎ 第二处：考查what和how的区别。句意：不管我多么努力，我都弄不明白英语语法。what意为“多么”，修饰名词；how修饰形容词或副词。hard是副词，故要用how来修饰。故应将what改为how。‎ 第三处：考查被动语态。句意：我姐姐问我为什么英语使我如此困惑。confuse意为“使困惑”，主语I和confuse之间是被动关系，该句应用被动语态，故应将confusing改为confused。‎ 第四处：考查名词性从句。“that I was afraid of”是told的宾语从句，该从句中，of缺少宾语，该从句应用what引导。故应将that改为what。‎ 第五处：考查固定短语。fall in love with意为“爱上……”，是固定短语，故the多余，应去掉。‎ 第六处：考查时态。作者介绍的是最初学英语的情形，该句应用一般过去时态，故应将find改为found。‎ 第七处：考查名词。word是可数名词，前面有more and more修饰，故应用名词复数形式。‎ 第八处：考查介词。be/feel interested in sth.意为“对……感兴趣”，是固定搭配，故应在interested和the之间加上in。‎ 第九处：考查非谓语动词。“have become interested”是状语，主语I和have become interested之间是主动关系，故应用现在分词做状语，故应将Have改为Having。‎ 第十处：考查形容词。句意：我开始取得巨大进步。修饰名词progress应用形容词，故应将greatly改为great。‎ ‎5. 【河北省邯郸市2018届高三1月教学质量检测】‎ 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ When I was 12, I met Mary. She came to China with her parents, whom taught English in an university. We soon became good friends. She was fluently in Chinese while I had difficulty with my speaking English. In order to help me with my English, we spoke as much English as we can when we were ‎ together. Before long, I could speak English well but at the same time I also made great progresses in my written English. Luckily, a year later, she had to return back to her country with her parents. And we have out of touch with each other ever since. How I miss her!‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎2017年模拟题 ‎1. 【2017届北京市东城区高三5月综合练习（二模）】 I ordered a drink while I______ for my friends to come.‎ A. will wait B. am waiting C. would wait D. was waiting ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查时态。句意：我在等朋友来的时候，点了一瓶酒。观察主句中的“ordered”可知，事件发生在过去，且从句由while引导，所以从句应用过去进行时，表示过去某段时间一直进行的动作，故选D。‎ ‎2. 【2017届北京市东城区高三5月综合练习（二模）】Their flight ______ due to bad weather. They would like to know when the flight will take off.‎ A. had been delayed B. was delayed C. has been delayed D. will be delayed ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查时态。句意：由于天气不好，他们的航班已经延迟了，他们想知道航班何时能起飞。现在完成时表示已经完成动作的结果对现在仍有影响，本题中航班延迟使得乘客不耐烦地等待，所以delay应使用现在完成时，故选C。‎ ‎3. 【2017届北京市东城区高三5月综合练习（二模）】You’ll recognize me when you get out of the station. I______ jeans and a white T-shirt.‎ A. will be wearing B. had worn C. was wearing D. have worn ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查时态。句意：你出站的时候，就会认出我来，我将穿一条牛仔裤和一件白衬衫。根据You’ll recognize可知，wear的动作发生在将来，故选A。‎ ‎4. 【2017届北京市海淀区高三5月期末练习（二模）】—Do you know when your mother      to pick you up?‎ ‎—At 11:40am.‎ A. had come B. is coming C. has come D. would come ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查时态。句意：——你知道你妈妈什么时候来接你吗？——在上午11:40。come的动作发生在将来，故用将来时。英语中come,go,start等动词可以用现在进行时表将来，故选B。不能选D项，D项是过去将来时，不符合语境。‎ ‎5. 【2017届北京市海淀区高三5月期末练习（二模）】 Mary was pleased to see that the seeds she      in the garden were growing.‎ A. was planting B. has planted C. would plant D. had planted ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查过去完成时态。它表达的是在某个过去动作或时间点之前发生的动作，简单地说就是“过去的过去”发生的事情。句意:玛丽很高兴她在花园里种的种子正在生长。根据句意可知，种种子是在种子成长之前，故选D。‎ ‎6. 【2017届北京市海淀区高三5月期末练习（二模）】 The plan for Xiongan New Area      officially on April 1,2017.‎ A. announced B. was announced C. announces D. is announced ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查时态与被动语态。句意：设立雄安新区的计划在2017年4月1日被官方宣布。计划是被官方宣布，故用被动语态；动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。‎ ‎7. 【2017届江苏省南京市高三第三次模拟】The boss _________ the employees a rise in salary for ages, but nothing has occurred yet.‎ A. promised B. had promised C. would promise D. promises ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查一般过去时态。句意：过去几年来，老板一直承诺给员工加薪，但是直到现在也没有。据此语境可知，承诺是过去发生的事情，现在还没有实现，所以用一般过去时态。B选项中had promised为过去完成时态，它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”，而这里表示的是相对现在的过去，故选B项不合适；C 选项would promise表示过去将来，与语境不符；故选A。‎ ‎8. 【2017届江苏省南通、扬州、泰州、淮安四市高三下学期第三次模拟】The headmaster in our school hopes that we will be more ambitious when we graduate than when we ______ admitted.‎ A. will get B. get C. got D. have got ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查时态。句意：我们校长希望我们在毕业的时候比入学的时候更有雄心壮志。从句中主语we和动词admit是被动关系，入学发生在过去，此处用一般过去时的被动语态。got在此是系动词相当于were，故选C.‎ ‎9. 【2017届天津市河北区高三总复习质量检测（二）】Whenever you     a present, you should think about it from the receiver’s point of view.‎ A. bought B. have bought C. will buy D. buy ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】试题分析：考查动词时态用法。本题考查whenever引导的时间状语从句，从句用一般现在时代替将来时。句意：无论什么时候你要买一件礼物，你应当考虑来自接受者的观点。故D正确。‎ 考点：考查动词时态用法 ‎【名师点睛】whenever引导时间状语从句，意思是“每当,随时”=when，从句用一般现在时代替将来时I'd like to see you whenever it's convenient.在你方便的时候我想来看看你.Come whenever you like.你随时想来就来。当主句为将来时态或表示将来意义时，以下类型的状语从句可以用一般现在时表将来： 一、时间状语从句  I’ll write to her when I have time. 我有空会给她写信。二、条件状语从句  If we hurry, we may catch the bus. 如果赶紧走我们可能赶得上公共汽车。三、让步状语从句  I’ll follow him wherever he goes. 他去哪儿，我就跟着去哪儿。 Whatever you say, I won’t pay. 无论你说什么，我都不会付钱。四、比较状语从句  I will come earlier than you do. 我会比你先到。The more you eat, the fatter you will become. 你吃得越多就会越胖。‎ ‎10.【2017届天津市河北区高三总复习质量检测（二）】 —Did you enjoy the party?‎ ‎—Yes. We    well by our hosts.‎ A. were treated B. would be treated C. treated D. had treated ‎【答案】A 考点：考查动词的时态及语态。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题考查时态和语态，本题需要先看句子中有没有明确的时间状语，然后再看有没有相关的词，比如隐藏的时间点，和一些动词的过去式。解答时态语态题时，学生需要注意结合上下文语境，找出相关提示词来判断时态；并且分析出主语和动词是主谓关系还是动宾关系。‎ 语法填空 ‎1.【吉林省松原市油田高中2017届高三上学期第一次阶段性测试】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ That Beijing, together with Zhangjiakou, succeeded in getting the chance to host the 2022 Winter Olympic Games, speeds up the development of Zhangjiakou City. Word came 61 the Beijing-Zhangjiakou high-speed railway, 62 (locate) in North China, is currently under construction, and 63 (expect) to be completed by 2020 in preparation for the cities to host the 2022 Winter Olympics. Starting from Beijing North Railway Station, heading west through the Great Wall three times in the capital's territory, the project is a big challenge, 64 designers say the explosions needed to dig the tunnels will not have an impact on the structure. The line has a 65 (long) of 174 km as a double tracked passenger dedicated line, with ten stations situated along its route. Having a 66 (totally) investment of 31.17 billion Yuan ($5 billion), the trip between the two cities will only take 40 minutes, with the train 67 (travel) at an average of 250 km/h. According to the plan, the high-speed railway will build two branch lines—one is to Yanqing Station and the other 68 Taizicheng of Chongli, 69 the Olympic village lies. The full railway, which includes 70-kilometer section through Beijing, will be completed in four and 70 half years.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎61. that ‎ ‎62.located ‎63.is expected ‎64.but ‎65.length ‎66.total ‎67.travel(l)ing ‎68.to ‎69.where ‎70.a ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：北京和张家口将举办2022年的冬奥会，将用四年半的时间修建北京到张家口的高速铁路为冬奥会做准备。‎ ‎61. that 句意：消息传来。此处是that引导的同位语从句，故填that。‎ ‎62.located 固定搭配：be located---，坐落在---，此处是过去分词作定语，故填located。‎ ‎63.is expected be expected to do sth.根据句意可知用一般现在时态的被动语态，故填is expected。‎ ‎64.but 句意：项目是一个大挑战，但是设计师说需要挖隧道的爆炸不会对结构有影响。此处表示转折关系，故填but。‎ ‎65.length 句意：174米的长度。故填length。‎ ‎66.total 形容词修饰名词，故填total。‎ ‎67.travel(l)ing 句意：火车一平均250千米的速度行驶。with+宾语+doing sth.此处表示主动关系，用现在分词，故填travel(l)ing。‎ ‎68.to 句意：另一条铁路到Taizicheng of Chongli。to表示方向，故填to.‎ ‎69.where 在此处Taizicheng of Chongli做先行词，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作地点状语，故填where。‎ ‎70.a 句意：四年半。故填a。‎ ‎【知识拓展】‎ 高中英语语法大全中长度（length）、宽度(width)、高度(height)、深度(depth)的表示法：‎ ‎1、长度、宽度、高度、深度的表示法，有一个专门的结构，那就是“基数词 + 单位词 + 形容词”。‎ 例句： We walk up three floors, which is about ten meters high.我们走上三层楼，大概十米左右高。‎ ‎2、除了上面的表示方法，有时也可以用“基数词 + 单位词 +in + 长度或者重量的名词”来表示长度、宽度、高度、深度。‎ 例句：The sentence tells you that he measures six feet in height without his shoes on .这个句子告诉你，他身高六尺，不连鞋子。‎ The classroom was 25 feet in length and 20 feet in width.教室有25英尺长，20英尺宽。‎ 注意事项：若表示重量，可以用 in weight 结构。例句：The box is 9 kilos。=The box is 9 kilos in weight。这个箱子重9公斤。‎ 考点：考查语法填空 ‎2.【甘肃省兰州市第一中学2017届高三上学期期中考试】语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Recently a photo which shows a dentist knelt to carry out an operation for a 9-year-old girl ‎ spread online. ‎ The operation 41.___________ (carry) out on Sept 5 by Qu Tiejun, a dentist in the dental hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University. He was somewhat surprised that he drew so 42.___________ attention after the photo spread online.‎ ‎"It was my duty 43__________ (cure) the patient. It didn't matter if I was kneeling or standing during the procedure," said Qu. According to the dentist, the 9-year-old girl came from a village in Baoji in Shaanxi. She suffered an oral injury, 44.__________ required surgery.‎ ‎"I had to do the operation by 45.__________ (kneel) because the mouth was only 5 mm and could not be seen with a common surgical microscope," said Qu.‎ The doctor put 46.___________ operation mirror on his head and had to kneel down in order to get a proper angle for him to see the 47.__________ (injure) part of the girl's mouth.‎ It took Qu 40 minutes to complete the operation. 48.__________ asked why he did not raise up the 49.__________ (surgery) bed to do the operation, Qu explained that it still did not give suitable angle for the operation once the bed was raised.‎ ‎ A nurse took the photo of Qu’s kneeling operation and put 50___________on her WeChat.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎41.was carried ‎ ‎42.much ‎43.to cure ‎44.which ‎45.kneeling ‎46.an ‎ ‎47.injured ‎48.When ‎49.surgical ‎50.it ‎45.kneeling 固定形式：by doing sth.，故填kneeling。‎ ‎46.an operation以元音开头，故填an。‎ ‎47.injured 句意：看到受伤的部分。形容词修饰名词，故填injured。‎ ‎48.When 句意：当被问---的时候，故填When。注意大写开头。‎ ‎49.surgical 形容词修饰名词，故填surgical。‎ ‎50.it 此处用it代替前面的the photo，故填it。‎ ‎3.【湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学2017届高三上学期期中考试】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（ 1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ A 14-year-old Chinese boy overcame two of humankind's most dreaded fears—getting stuck in an elevator and getting homework 61________(do), in a single night 62________(owe) to his calm-witted character.‎ ‎ Sun Yixiao was on his way up on Tuesday evening after school, 63________ the lift suddenly came to a stop. A moment of panic followed before the 64________(teenage) could find a way out.‎ ‎ Sun said he tried to open the elevator door, 65________(press) all the buttons in the hope to get the elevator to work again, but it didn’t work.‎ ‎ Without a cell phone at hand, Sun tried yelling to get attention of people outside, but no one responded as time passed by. He slipped a note through the door 66________ the message "people stuck inside, please ask the property management for help," and hoped someone 67________(pick) it up and act on it.‎ ‎ After exhausting all his options without knowing how long it would take before someone found him, he took out his textbooks and started to do his homework 68________(patient).‎ ‎ Soon after he finished his duties, Sun heard loud 69_________(voice) outside. A large crowd including his teachers and other parents had come to the rescue, by which time he ‎ 70_________(trap)in the elevator for over five hours.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎61.done ‎62.owing ‎63.when ‎64.teenager ‎65.pressing ‎66.wit ‎67.would/could pick ‎68.patiently ‎69.voices ‎70.had been trapped ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：一个14岁的中国男孩被困在电梯里的故事。‎ ‎61.done get +名词/代词+过去分词，此处是过去分词做宾语补足语。故填done。‎ ‎62.owing 固定词组：owing to由于---，故填owing。‎ ‎63.when 句意：这时候突然停了。故填when。‎ ‎64.teenager 句意：青少年找到方法之前。故填teenager。‎ ‎65.pressing 现在分词做伴随状态，表主动关系，故填pressing。‎ ‎66.with 句意：带着信息的一个便条。with和---在一起，故填with。 ‎ ‎67.would/could pick 句意：希望有人能把它捡到。故填would/could pick。‎ ‎68.patiently 副词修饰动词，故填patiently。‎ ‎69.voices 句意：听到外面大的声音。名词用复数形式，故填voices。‎ ‎70.had been trapped 根据by which time可知用过去完成时态，再根据he和trap之间是被动关系，故用过去完成时态的被动语态had been trapped。‎ ‎【知识拓展】‎ while,when,as的用法区别 都译为“当…的时候”,区别为：when后的从句谓语动词既可是延续性动词,也可是短暂性动词,而且还可作并列连词,译为“这时”.但以下句型一定用when,作并列连词： 句型A：be about to do…when…正要做…这时(发生另一事) 句型B：was/were doing…when…正在…这时(发生另一事) 句型C：had done…when…刚要做…这时(发生另一事) 1.We were about to set out when it began to rain.我们刚要出发天突然下雨了. 2.He had hardly sat down when his mobile rang.他刚一坐下手机就响了. 3.I was walking along the bank of the river when I fell into it.我正沿河岸散步突然掉进水里. while后的从句谓语动词只能是延续性动词,强调主从句的两个动词同时发生；while也可作并列连词,表示两个动作的对比,译为“而”“然而”.as则表示两个变化中的动作的同时性,译为“一边…一边…”. 1.While his mother was cooking in the kitchen,the boy fell asleep in the chair.(在一个延续动作过程中发生另一个动作) 2.He hurried home,looking behind as he went.他匆匆回家,边走边往后看.‎ 考点：考查语法填空 ‎4.【河北省保定市2017届高三11月摸底考试】阅读下面材料，在空白处的填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎ Of the three major drinks of the world---tea, coffee and cocoa—tea is consumed by the 61 (large) number of people.‎ ‎ China is the homeland of tea. Human cultivation of tea plants dates back to two thousand years ago. Tea from China, along 62 her silk and porcelain, began to be known to the world more than a thousand years ago and since then it 63 (be) an important Chinese export.‎ ‎ At present more than forty countries in the world grow tea with Asian countries 64 (produce) 90% of the world’s total output. All tea trees in other countries have their origin directly or indirectly in China. The word for tea leaves or tea as 65 drink in many countries are derivatives(衍生物)from the Chinese character “cha”. The Russians call it “cha’i”, 66 sounds like “chaye”(tea leaves) as it is pronounced in northern China, and the English word “tea” sounds similar to the pronunciation of its counterpart in Xiamen. The Japanese character for tea is written ___67 (exact) the same as it is in Chinese, though 68 (pronounce) with a slight difference. The habit of tea drinking spread to Japan in the 6th century, 69 it was not introduced to Europe and America till the 17th and 18th centuries. Now the number of tea 70 (drink) in the world is still on the increase.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎61.largest ‎ ‎62.with ‎63.has been ‎64.producing ‎65.a ‎ ‎66.which ‎67.exactly ‎68.pronounced ‎69.but ‎ ‎70.drinkers ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：茶、咖啡和可乐是世界三大饮料。茶的消费者最多。本文介绍与茶有关的事情。‎ ‎67.exactly 副词修饰过去分词，故填exactly。‎ ‎68.pronounced 句意：尽管发音稍微不同。此处表示“被发音”，连接词+过去分词，故填pronounced。‎ ‎69.but 句意：喝茶的习惯在6世纪传播到日本，但是直到17、18世纪才传到了欧洲和美国。此处表示转折，故填but。‎ ‎70.drinkers 句意：喝茶人的数量在继续增长。用名词复数，故填drinkers。‎ ‎【知识拓展】‎ together with/along with/as well as还有，和---在一起；rather than而不是，连接两个主语，后面的谓语动词和前面的主语保持一致。Tom，together with his parents has been to the Great Wall. Tom还有他的父母曾经去过长城。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ ‎1.Since自从---以来（可做介词和连词），和现在完成时态连用。‎ He has lived here since he came. 自从他来到这里，就一直在这里住着。‎ ‎2.It is /has been+一段时间+since 主语+一般过去时态+其他。自从做某事有多长时间了。‎ 在这个句型中如果从句的动作是终止性动词，则表示从动作开始到现在多长时间了；如果从句的动作是持续性动词，则表示从动作结束到现在多长时间了。It is three years since he joined (终止性动词)the army.他参军有三年了；It is five years since he lived（持续性动词）here.他离开这有五年了。‎ 考点：考查语法填空 ‎5.【安徽师范大学附属中学2017届高三上学期期中】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said_61_____ was a wonderful holiday destination. Before we went, we had planned for months. When the day came, we were ready.‎ After our plane landed, we went to the hotel. We had made our __62____ (reserve) six months earlier, but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. We __63___（tell）that our rooms hadn’t been reserved for that week, ___64__ for the week after. I didn’t understand __65__ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged____66__ the booking. What’s worse, the hotel had been fully booked. When we were wondering what to do, the manager came out. She was __67___（surprise）helpful. She __68___ (apology) for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on the top floor. We had never stayed in such an amazing room, and we weren’t charged extra.‎ The next day, my brother and I went to the beach __69__ we watched some people play volleyball. We got a little___70__（sunburn），but the day had been so relaxing that we didn’t mind.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎61.it ‎62.reservation ‎ ‎63.were told ‎64.but ‎ ‎65.why ‎ ‎66.for ‎67.surprisingly ‎68.apologized ‎ ‎69.where ‎ ‎70.sunburned/ sunburnt ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析: 本文是讲我和我兄弟去Miami(迈阿密)旅游，当到达目的地后，来到六个月前订的宾馆，却意外被告知订的房间是下个星期的，且该宾馆房间已订满。正当不知如何办时，经理出来了，将他们安排在留出来的VIP房间，且不另外收他们的钱，这真是个意外的意外。‎ ‎61.it 考查代词 指代前句中的Miami这个地方，应用it。‎ ‎62.reservation 词性转换 此处应填名词，故写成reservation。‎ ‎63.were told 时态语态由句意或tell sb. sth.这一句型结构可知，是“我们被告知”，由上下文的时态可知，用一般过去时的被动语态。‎ ‎64.but 考查固定用法。这是考虑not…but…结构，意为“不是为那个星期订的，而是为后一个星期所订的”。‎ ‎65.why 考查疑问词 意为“我不知道为什么会发生这样的事”，故用why引导宾语从句。‎ ‎66.for 考查固定带配charge…for…是习惯搭配 ‎67.surprisingly 考查副词 因本句已有作表语的形容词helpful，所以应当用副词来修饰形容词helpful，指“令人惊讶地，意外的”，故填surprisingly ‎68.apologized 时态。 根据文章的时态可知此处应用过去式。‎ ‎69.where 定语从句 先行词是地点the beach且在定语从句中作状语，故填where (=on which =and on the beach =and there)。‎ ‎70.sunburned/ sunburnt 考查词性转换。在表示“变化”的got后作表语，要用形容词；sunburn是名词，其形容词形式是burnt或burned。‎ ‎【知识归纳】‎ 一组并列词组 neither---nor---，既不---也不---；either---or---，或者---，或者---；not only---but also---，不但---，而且---；not---but---，不是---而是---。‎ 考点：考查语法填空 短文改错 ‎1.【吉林省松原市油田高中2017届高三上学期第一次阶段性测试】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎ 2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ A survey basing on 1,000 students found that half of the pupils and 80% of the middle ‎ school students sleeps less than nine hours every night. Too many homework given by school ‎ teachers and parents is the main reasons. Other reason lies in students’ bad habits. Some students, ‎ for example, are absent-minded while doing his homework, and some waste their after-class time. ‎ The third reason is because some students have to get up early on weekdays to get school far away ‎ from home. Experts are calling at schools and parents to cut down on the amount of homework. ‎ And students should make a good use of their time. And it would be better if they could choose to ‎ study in a nearby school.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1.basing改为based ‎ ‎2.sleeps改为sleep ‎ ‎3.many改为much ‎4.reasons改为reason ‎ ‎5.other改为Another ‎6.his改为their ‎ ‎7.because---that ‎ ‎8.get与school中间加to ‎ ‎9.at改为on ‎ ‎10.去掉a ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文是一篇调查，一半的小学生和80%的中学生每晚睡眠少于9小时。‎ ‎6.his改为their 此处的代词指代前面的名词"students",故用their。‎ ‎7.because---that reason做主语，后面的表语从句用that引导，故把because---that ‎8.get与school中间加to 第二个get后加to。get to意为"到达"。故在get与school中间加to ‎9.at改为on call on是固定词组,意为"号召"。故把at改为on ‎10.去掉a make good use of是固定词组,意为"充分利用"。故去掉a ‎2.【甘肃省兰州市第一中学2017届高三上学期期中考试】短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）‎ 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（﹨）划掉。‎ 删除：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；   ‎ ‎2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ Nowadays, the electric bicycle is developing fast, many kinds of that can be seen on the ‎ road. It is popular with more and more people. Why? The reasons are simply.‎ First of all, it is much convenient than taking a bus or taxi. What's more important is that it ‎ saves strength and goes fast, so the rider feel less tired. Also it is easy of anybody to ride, ‎ whether old or young. Finally, it is not only energy-saving but also environmentally friendly. ‎ Every coin has the two sides. The electric bike also has it’s disadvantages. On the one hand, the ‎ rider may lose the alternative to be physical involved while riding, which is not beneficial to ‎ health. On the other hand, it may also lead to more traffic accidents. Personally, the electric ‎ bicycle does our more good than harm. As long as the rider drives carefully, the number of ‎ accidents can greatly reduced.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1.many kinds of that — which 或and^ many kinds of ‎ ‎2.simply--- simple ‎3.much---more或 much^more ‎4.feel---feels ‎5.of---for ‎6.the删掉 two sides ‎7.it’s---its ‎ ‎8.physical--- physically ‎9.our---us ‎10.can^be ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：电车的优势和劣势。‎ ‎1.many kinds of that — which 或and^ many kinds of the electric ‎ bicycle做先行词，指物，后面是which引导的非限制性定语从句；如果在两个分句之间加and则构成并列句，故把many kinds of that — which 或and^ many kinds of。‎ ‎2.simply--- simple be动词后面用形容词作表语，故把simply--- simple。‎ ‎3.much---more或 much^more 根据后面的than可知此句用比较级，much可以修饰比较级加强语气，故把much---more或 much^more。‎ ‎4.feel---feels 句子是一般现在时态，主语是the rider，故把feel---feels。‎ ‎5.of---for 此处是动词不定式的复合结构做主语for sb. to do sth.，故把of---for。‎ ‎6.the删掉 two sides Every coin has the two sides.每枚硬币都有两方面，可知the是多余的，故把the删掉 two sides。‎ ‎7.it’s---its 句意：电车也有它的优势。用形容词性物主代词，it’s只是同音词，故把it’s---its。‎ ‎8.physical--- physically 副词修饰过去分词，故把physical--- physically。‎ ‎9.our---us 固定词组：do sb. good/harm对某人有益或有害，故把our---us。‎ ‎10.can^be 此处是含情态动词的被动语态，故在can后加be。‎ ‎【知识归纳】‎ ‎1.以e结尾的形容词变成副词时，有的直接加ly ;有的把e去掉再加ly.‎ possible---possibly； simple---simply; gentle---gently; terrible---terribly; true---truly; flexible---flexibly immediate--- immediately; brave---bravely; wise---wisely；active---actively ‎2. 下面的词或词组可以放在比较级前面修饰比较级加强语气：much/even/a lot/a little/any/still/far/slightly/a great deal.比如 I felt much happier.我感觉幸福多了.‎ 考点：考查短文改错 ‎3.【湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学2017届高三上学期期中考试】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下面画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎ 2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ The other day, some of my classmates and I took a bicycle trip along the "Huan Shan Green Road", that was specially built for people to relax ourselves. The scenery along the road was fascinating, with trees, flowers, hills and lakes on both side. We stopped by a lake for a rest, where a great many of people are playing happily. But something unpleasant caught our eyes. There was rubbish here or there, and there were many plastic bags and bottles floated on the surface of the lake. Such beautiful place was so serious polluted. What a shame! In the end, we couldn't help collecting the rubbish after we left.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1.that—which ‎2.ourselves—themselves ‎3.both side—both sides / either side ‎4.a great many of—a great many / a great number of ‎5.are playing—were playing ‎6.here or there—here and there ‎7.floated—floating ‎8.Such beautiful—Such a beautiful ‎9.serious—seriously ‎10.after—before/ when ‎4.a great many of—a great many / a great number of 固定词组：a great many+名词复数；a great number of+名词复数。故把a great many of—a great many / a great number of。‎ ‎5.are playing—were playing 句意：许多人正在高兴地在湖边玩。根据句意可知用故去完成时态，故把are playing—were playing。‎ ‎6.here or there—here and there 固定搭配：here and there到处。故把here or there—here and there。‎ ‎7.floated—floating 句意：漂浮在湖面上的塑料袋和瓶子。现在分词作后置定语，故把floated—floating。‎ ‎8.Such beautiful—Such a beautiful place是单数名词，“这样一个美丽的地方”，故把Such beautiful—Such a beautiful。‎ ‎9.serious—seriously 副词修饰过去分词，故把serious—seriously。‎ ‎10.after—before/ when 句意：当我们离开或我们离开以前，我们忍不住收集垃圾。故把after—before/ when。‎ ‎【知识拓展】‎ ‎1.so + 形容词/副词 + that + 从句,如：This story is so interesting that I want to read it again.（这个故事如此有趣以至我想再读一次.）  2.so+形容词/副词+(a/an)+(单数)复数可数名词／+that+从句,如果句中的名词是单数可数名词,其前就要用 a或an,如果是复数可数名词或者,前面就不用,如： Those are so beautiful flowers that wants to pick them.（那些花是如此漂亮以至那个女孩想要摘下它们.）  3.such+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that+从句,如：It is such an interesting story that I want to read it again.（这是一个如此有趣的故事以至我想再读一次.） ‎ 温馨提示：so+表示数量的词many/much/few/little(少)+名词，此时不能用such. ‎ 考点：考查短文改错 ‎4.【河北省保定市2017届高三11月摸底考试】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ 请修改以下作文，短文共10处错误，每句最多有两处错误。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出改加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均限一词。‎ ‎ 2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ ‎ Nowadays more and more people would rather to look for a job on the Internet than in the job market. There are many reasons for my preference, one of which is that a job hunter can find job conveniently. He needn’t bother to get recommendations from friend. Besides, a job hunter can get one by simple sending resumes by e-mail but the success rate is very high. Even if one failed to make it, he won’t feel embarrassing.‎ ‎ I believe job-hunting on the internet will win favor in more and more jobless people for its convenient, efficiency and success rate.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1.去掉to look for中的to ‎2.my---their ‎3.find ∧ job加a/his ‎4.friend--- friends ‎5.simple--- simply ‎6.but--- and ‎ ‎7.failed --- fails ‎8.embarrassing--- embarrassed ‎9.in--- with/among ‎10.convenient--- convenience ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：目前人们更喜欢在网上找工作。‎ ‎1.去掉to look for中的to would rather+动词原形，宁愿做某事，故去掉to look for中的to。‎ ‎2.my---their 根据前面的more and more people可知把my---their。‎ ‎3.find ∧ job加a/his 根据句意可知：一个找工作的人能方便地找到一份或他的工作。故在find ∧ job加a/his。‎ ‎4.friend--- friends 句意：来自朋友们的建议。名词用复数形式，故把friend--- friends。‎ ‎5.simple--- simply 副词修饰动词，故把simple--- simply。‎ ‎6.but--- and 句意：通过发送简历得到工作，并且成功率很高。此处表示递进关系，故把but--- and。‎ ‎7.failed --- fails 句意：即使一个人没有成功，他不会感到尴尬。根据句意可知用一般现在时态，故把failed --- fails。‎ ‎8.embarrassing--- embarrassed 句意：他不会感到尴尬。故把embarrassing--- embarrassed。‎ ‎9.in--- with/among 句意：我认为网上找工作会越来越受到没工作人的称赞。根据句意可知把in--- with/among。‎ ‎10.convenient--- convenience 句意：因为它的方便和有效。可知用名词形式，故把convenient--- convenience。‎ ‎【知识归纳】‎ ‎1.以e结尾的形容词变成副词时，有的直接加ly ;有的把e去掉再加ly.possible---possibly； simple---simply; gentle---gently; terrible---terribly; true---truly; flexible---flexibly；immediate--- immediately; brave---bravely; wise---wisely；active---actively ‎2.表示情感的现在分词和过去分词 surprising令人惊讶的，surprised感到惊讶；frightening令人害怕的， frightened感到害怕； moving令人感动的， moved 感动；exciting 令人兴奋的，excited 感到兴奋；boring令人厌烦的， bored感到厌烦。现在分词的主语通常指事物；过去分词的主语通常指人。‎ 考点：考查短文改错 ‎5.【安徽师范大学附属中学2017届高三上学期期中】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ 英语课上，老师要求同桌相互修改作文。假设以下作文为你同桌所写，请你对其进行修改。共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。 错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ ‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（^），并在此符号下面写出改加的词。‎ ‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。‎ ‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ ‎ 注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎ 2、只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ Once upon a time, it was a boy whose parents named him Odd(古怪的). Other children teased him about his name but kept him at a distance, thinking that he was very strange and behaved stupid. Deeply hurt, he refused to be bothered and struggle to break away from the pain. He tried to keep people off teasing him, but in vain. People continued making fun of his name—even after he became a successful lawyer. Finally, as a old man, he wrote out his last wish, “I’ve been the butt(笑柄) of jokes all my life. I’ll let others make fun of myself after I’m gone.” He insisted his tombstone not to bear his name. After his death, people passing by noticed the largest blank stone ‎ and said loudly, “Look, that’s odd.”‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1. it改成there ‎2.but改成and ‎3.stupid改成stupidly ‎4.struggle改成struggled ‎5.off 改成from ‎6.a改成an ‎7.let前加not ‎8.myself改成me ‎9.to去掉 ‎10． largest改成 large ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：一个叫odd的男孩从小就被人嘲笑他的名字，直至长大变老去世，一生都被这个名字所困扰的故事。‎ ‎1. it改成there 此句表示有的意思，应该用there be句型，故it改成there。‎ ‎2.but改成and 前后句之间是顺承关系，不是转折关系，故but改成and。‎ ‎3.stupid改成stupidly 副词修饰动词behave，所以stupid改成stupidly。‎ ‎4.struggle改成struggled and连接连个并列句时态应一致，前句是过去时，所以后句也用过去时，故struggle改成struggled ‎【名师点睛】‎ 短文改错解题步骤:‎ ‎1.通读全文，了解短文大意，把握全篇的时态、人称及行文逻辑，尤其是有的行文逻辑方面的错误在看单句时难以发现错误（比如前文用mike，后文代词用she等）。在通读全文时把一些容易的错误先改好，再进行分句改错。‎ ‎2.分局阅读，逐行找错。在完成第一步后，要进行逐行主句的改错。这是要对文中的词法、句法和语篇角度着重分析和特别注意。‎ ‎3.最后把改好的短文再阅读一遍，检查答案是否正确，感觉是否还有不妥之处，最终形成定稿。‎ 考点：考查短文改错 ‎ ‎ ‎【一年原创】 原创试题及其解析 ‎【语法填空】‎ ‎1. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Over the last few years, learning Chinese 61 (become) popular among people all over the world. Last month, I received an email from my cousin Jack, 62 lived in Canada. He said he was enthusiastic about Chinese and asked me to find him some books 63 (special) intended for Chinese beginners. 64 (feel) very happy, I couldn’t wait to find him some books. So I went from one bookstore to another to find something 65 (suit) for him. Finally I selected a set of Chinese textbooks among 66 (variety) of similar ones. Then I went to a post office to have 67 (it) delivered by air without delay. Several days 68 (late), I received Jack’s email, in which he said that he really appreciated the books I had sent 69 him. I’m very glad that Jack is beginning to learn Chinese just like many other foreigners abroad, but I know it may be 70 enjoyable challenge for him.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者为国外计划学习汉语的外甥买书的事情。‎ ‎61. has become 考查动词时态。根据时间状语Over the last few years判断用现在完成时。故填has become。‎ ‎62. who考查定语从句。非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，指代Jack，用关系代词。故填who。‎ ‎63. specially考查词性转换。修饰动词应该用副词形式。故填specially。‎ ‎64.‎ ‎ Feeling考查非谓语动词。短语作状语，动词feel和I之间是主动关系，用现在分词。故填Feeling。‎ ‎65. suitable考查词性转换。修饰不定代词应该用形容词形式。故填suitable。‎ ‎66. varieties考查名词复数。固定短语：varieties of“各种各样的”。‎ ‎67. them考查代词。空格处在句中作宾语，指代textbooks，应该用代词的复数形式。故填them。‎ ‎68. later考查副词。固定短语：时间段+later “多久以后”。故填later。‎ ‎69. to考查介词。固定短语：send sth. To sb. “送给某人某物”。‎ ‎70. an考查冠词。Challenge是可数名词，而enjoyable是以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。‎ ‎2. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ A large-scale exhibition at the Shanghai Museum features 89 tomb-wall paintings 61__(collect) by the Shanxi Museum. Most of the 62__( exhibit) have never been displayed outside of Shanxi. ‎ Art buffs(爱好者） can see ancient tomb-wall paintings 63___ the Northern Dynasty , Song, Jin and Yuan dynasties－most of 64 have never been displayed outside of Shanxi province.‎ The exhibition, Ancient Wall Paintings from the Shanxi Museum, which 65___(run) through March 4, features 89 tomb-wall paintings divided into 12 groups. "It is the 66___(large) exhibition of ancient wall paintings in China," such paintings 67__( date) to the Sui and Tang dynasties and earlier are hard to find today. From these murals we can see that Chinese painting had reached 68_ very high 69__(art) level in terms of figure design, coloring and even perspective. Researchers and visitors can learn about hairstyles, clothing and music," says Yang Zhigang, 70___(direct)of the Shanghai Museum.‎ ‎【语篇解读】本文讲述的是上海博物馆的一次以墓穴油画为特征的一次展览。‎ ‎61.collected 考查非谓语动词。句意：上海博物馆的大型展览展出了山西博物馆收藏的89幅墓碑壁画。collect和前面的名词paintings之间是被动关系；故填collected。‎ ‎62. exhibits 考查名词的数。句意：大部分展品都是没有在山西以外的地方展出过的。根据句意确定为复数，故填exhibits。‎ 12. ‎63.from 考查介词。句意：艺术爱好者可以看到来自于北朝、宋、金、元时期的古代壁画。根据句意确定是介词from。‎ 13. ‎64.which 考查关系词。句意：大多数从未展示山西以外的省份进行展览 ‎。这是一个非限制性定语从句，是对前面内容的补充说明。根据，先行词为paintings，且关系词在介词of之后，所以只能用which。‎ ‎65. runs 考查谓语动词。句意：大这次展览是山西博物馆的古壁画，从3月4日开始，展出了89幅墓碑壁画，分为12组。这是一个非限制性定语从句，定语从句的谓语动词由先行词。先行词为exhibition,单数，所以谓语动词用单数；故填 runs。‎ 12. ‎66.largest 考查形容词的级。句意：这是中国古代壁画最大的展览。根据句意和介词短语in China 表示范围，所以应该用最高级；故填largest 。‎ ‎67. dating 考查非谓语。句意：这些追溯到隋唐时期和更早的时候的壁画是很难找到的。此处用现在分词dating做后置定语。‎ ‎68.a 考查冠词。句意：从这些壁画中我们可以看到，中国画在人物设计、色彩、甚至透视方面都达到了很高的艺术水平。根据后面名词level和句意确定应该用不定冠词，故填a。‎ ‎69.artistic 考查形容词。句意：从这些壁画中我们可以看到，中国画在人物设计、色彩、甚至透视方面都达到了很高的艺术水平。此处用形容词修饰名词level，故填artistic。‎ ‎70.director 考查名词。后面短语是对前面名词杨志刚的补充说明，即同位语，故填director。‎ ‎3. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ James Roberts, a professor of Baylor University who 61 (study) the effects of the Big 5 personality (个性) features on online 62 (addict) now, said a better understanding of the correlations (相互关系) can help people — and particularly parents — keep away 63 the dangers.‎ ‎“We need to teach people to have 64 (much) self-control,” Roberts said. “Our brains are being prepared for fast and exciting activities online, 65 is making us forget our own responsibility we should shoulder. We talk about our personality 66 (affect) our social media use, but our social media use also affects our personality. … We’ve seen a generation or two 67 (be) crazy about the Internet so that they’re used to constant stimulation (刺激) and quick and fast and shallow interactions (相互影响).”‎ David said he hopes the growing organizations of research on the topic will help people become more aware and 68 (avoid) addiction. 69 (note) that there are apps that can count people’s daily smart phone use, he said, “Most people don’t realize they unlock their phone 200 times 70 day.”‎ ‎【文章大意】从事个性特点与网络成瘾之间关系研究的Roberts教授说：更好地理解相互关系(个性和与媒体应用之间相互影响的关系)有助于使人们远离网络成瘾。‎ ‎61. is studying考查时态。虽然say用的是一般过去时态，但它只表达“说”的动作发生在过去。因这项研究还在继续，所以study用现在进行时态，本句中的now也暗示了这一点。‎ ‎63. from考查介词。keep away from（远离）是固定搭配。‎ ‎64. more考查比较级。自控是人们与生俱来的能力。通过后天教育，人会有更多的自控，因此使用more。‎ ‎65. which考查定语从句。从“Our brains”到 “should shoulder”的句子含有三个谓语“are being prepared” “is making” 和“should shoulder”，根据原则，三个分句需两个连词连接；在第三分句中，修饰responsibility的定语从句的连词that/which省略了；第二个分句缺主语。通过逻辑和结构分析得知此分句为非限定性定语从句，先行词是第一个分句，因此使用which连接。‎ ‎66. affecting考查非谓语动词。短语“what about”中的“about”是介词，介词后使用动名词。‎ ‎67. are 考查主谓一致。or连接主语时谓语动词就近一致。此处是“a generation or two (generations必须省略)”。‎ ‎68. avoid考查非谓语动词。此处avoid是与become并列的省略to的不定式充当宾语补语。‎ ‎69. Noting考查非谓语动词。在最后一个句子中含有三个连词(, there are apps前、后的两个that,引号算作一个连词)和四个谓语(are, can count, said, don’t realize)，根据原则此处需要非谓语动词，he与note是主谓关系，所以使用现在分词。‎ ‎70. a / per考查冠词。表达频率的“每一”时，使用不定冠词a / an / per。‎ ‎4. 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 ‎ Snakes are just about the most frightening thing in the world, according to Dr. Henry Walton Jones Jr. The only thing 56 (bad) than a snake you can see is a snake you can’t see, however. And thanks 57 the photos Sunshine Coast Snake Catchers offer, you can experience the latter horror from the comfort of almost anywhere else besides the place 58 that snake is.‎ The snake-like animals’ removal(移动) and relocation 59 (serve) from Queensland, Australia posted a challenge to its 51,000 some-odd fans 60 (find) the snake in the photo below.‎ Any luck? The photo shows that this particular backyard seems like 61 regular “I Spy” book for snakes, so it’s understandable if they are still looking hard. The snake is actually in the top right corner, 62 (hide) in the crook(藤条) between the two fences.‎ Fear of snakes 63 (call) “Ophidiophobia”(蛇恐怖症) or “being a rational person” . People are afraid of a lot odd things, though.‎ This fun little puzzle proves to just be further evidence that Australia is a 64 (terrible) dangerous place where everything 65 (try) to eat you. We’ll just stick to trying to find turtles in flowers, thank you very much.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一个趣味小测试。它叙述说：蛇或许是世界上最令人害怕的动物。但是，见到蛇是糟糕的，更糟糕的是蛇就在哪儿，你却看不见。下列照片展示：在右上角，蛇隐藏在两个栅栏之间的藤条中。试试你的运气，你看到了吗？这个测试还证明了一个事实：澳大利亚是一个十分危险地方。在那里，一切动物时刻企图吃掉你。‎ ‎56. worse 考查形容词比较级。此处than暗示使用bad的比较级形式。‎ ‎57. to 考查介词。thanks to(幸亏)是固定词组。‎ ‎58. where 考查连词。此处用where引导定语从句修饰先行词place。‎ ‎59. service 考查词形与句子结构相互适应。此处需要填入充当本句主语的名词，因此将动词serve改为名词service。‎ ‎60. to find 考查非谓语动词。此处填to find充当该句的名词challenge的定语。‎ ‎61. a 考查冠词。此处regular “I Spy” book前应用不定冠词表示泛指，且regular以辅音音素开头，故填a。‎ ‎62. hiding 考查非谓语动词。此句含一个谓语动词is且没有连词，故此处应使用非谓语动词；又因为hide与本句主语snake是主谓关系，所以使用现在分词hiding充当伴随状语。‎ ‎63. is called 考查被动语态。此处需要名词复数。‎ ‎64. terribly 考查构词法。由于dangerous是形容词，需要副词修饰。因此此处使用程度副词terribly。‎ ‎65. is trying 考查时态。此处表达时时刻刻都在发生的事，因此使用现在进行时态。‎ ‎5. 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 ‎ Mrs. Smith was combing her daughter Rose’s brown hair 56 she noticed that with each comb, some of the 57 (hair) were falling out. In 20 days, Rose’s hair and eyebrows were gone, and the doctor said they would never grow back. ‎ ‎“Baldy (秃子)” isn’t painful, but 58 kids who suffer from it, the suffering comes from 59 (stand) out from the crowd. Most of her classmates were 60 (understand), but the 61 (occasion) laugh of “Baldy” made her feel much 62 (embarrass).‎ They tried covering her baldness (光秃), but wigs (假发) 63 (be) uncomfortable and scarves wouldn’t stay on. ‎ Then the school announced its “Crazy Hair Day” competition, and Mother and Rose decided not to hide her baldness, they would celebrate 64 . Mother bought scrapbook-sticker (粘膜) headwear and decorated Rose’s head with flower designs. “They just fit her personality,” Mother told CNN.‎ When the competition came, Rose overcame her 65 (nervous) and became the winner of the competition. She told people, “Now I love being bald. I can do things to my head that other kids can’t. I think it might be fun to decorate my head with some beautiful butterflies and flowers.”‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇感人故事。Smith夫人发现女儿Rose掉头发，20天内头发眉毛全不见了。就在母女俩一筹莫展之际，Rose的学校举办“疯狂发型比赛日”活动。在这次竞赛中，母亲买来头饰贴膜，用带有花图案的贴膜来装饰Rose的头。这样，Rose成为参赛获胜者。这件事使得Rose喜欢上了自己的秃头。因为，她认为能用蝴蝶和花的图案来装饰自己头是一件快乐的事情。‎ ‎56. when考查状语从句。从“Mrs. Smith”到“falling out”是一个句子。这个含有三个谓语was combing, noticed, were falling out和一个连词that(连接notice的宾语从句)。根据“在一个句子中，谓语动词数－1=连词数”的原则，此句缺一个连词。再根据句意和句子结构(不缺主语、宾语)而确定填when来连接状语从句。when在此处表达“突然/出乎预料”的意思。‎ ‎57. hairs 考查名词。hair指一头头发时为不可数名词；若指一头头发中的几根或多根时，为可数名词。此处为后一种。后面的were也暗示用“hairs”。例如：The young man has some white hairs in his black hair.‎ ‎58. for考查介词。此句含有四个名词“Baldy(isn’t painful的主语)、kids、suffering(comes from的主语)、crowd(from的宾语)”；who连接定语从句修饰kids，所以kids无可依附的词(名词、代词遇到此情况时，前面填介词)。因此，根据语境，此处使用介词for kids(对孩子来说)。‎ ‎59. standing 考查非谓语动词。介词后用动名词。‎ ‎60. understanding 考查非谓语动词。此处使用现在分词understanding(通情达理的/谅解他人的)。‎ ‎61. occasional考查构词法和句子结构。此处laugh是名词需要形容词修饰。occasional laugh(偶尔的嘲笑)。‎ ‎63. is 考查时态。虽然前一句使用一般过去时态，但是but后表达的是客观事实(假发是不舒服的)，因此使用一般现在时态(is)。‎ ‎64. it考查代词。此处“celebrate”后需要宾语使用it指代上文的baldness。 “They would celebrate baldness”的意思是：他们庆幸是秃头, (正因为是秃头才能更好的装饰它以适应“疯狂发型比赛日”的需要)。‎ ‎65. nervousness考查构词法。overcome需要宾语。因此，将形容词 “nervous”改成名词 “nervousness”。‎ ‎【短文改错】‎ ‎1. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ ‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ ‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。‎ ‎ 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎ 2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ I am good at English and always get high marks in English test. Last month, an English speech contest held in our school. I take part on behalf of our class. Proud of my excellently English, I ignored my teacher’s advice but didn’t prepare for the contest at all. The important day came in. When it was my turn, I walked onto a stage confidently. However, the moment I saw the speech topic, my mind went complete blank. I was at a loss for words because I knew something about the topic. Filled with regret and shame, I learned a good lesson: pride comes after a fall.‎ 答案：‎ I am good at English and always get high marks in English test. Last month, an English speech ‎ ‎ tests contest∧ held in our school. I take part on behalf of our class. Proud of my excellently English, I ‎ ‎ was took excellent ignored my teacher’s advice but didn’t prepare for the contest at all. The important day came in. ‎ ‎ and ‎ When it was my turn, I walked onto a stage confidently. However, the moment I saw the speech ‎ ‎ the topic, my mind went complete blank. I was at a loss for words because I knew something about ‎ ‎ completely nothing the topic. Filled with regret and shame, I learned a good lesson: pride comes after a fall.‎ ‎ before 第一处 test →tests 考查名词单复数。‎ ‎【解题思路】根据前面always可知作者总是在英语考试中获得高分，所以此处是多次考试，所以把test改为tests。‎ 第二处 在held前面加was 考查被动语态。‎ ‎【解题思路】根据句意可知句子是表示被动意思，应该用被动语态。‎ 第三处 take→ took 考查动词时态。‎ ‎【解题思路】文章介绍过去的事情，故用一般过去式。‎ 第四处 excellent →excellently考查形容词。‎ ‎【解题思路】修饰名词English应该用形容词形式。‎ 第五处 but →and 考查连词。‎ ‎【解题思路】根据句意判断前后是顺承关系，故把but改为and。‎ 第六处 去掉in 考查短语。‎ ‎【解题思路】此处指重要的一天到来了，是特指比赛那天。‎ 第七处 a →the 考查冠词。‎ ‎【解题思路】此处指演讲者所站的舞台，是特指概念，用定冠词。‎ 第八处complete →completely 考查副词。‎ ‎【解题思路】修饰动词went，用副词形式。‎ 第九处something →nothing 考查代词。‎ ‎【解题思路】根据语境判断作者一下子什么也想不出来。‎ 第十处 after→ before 考查介词。‎ ‎【解题思路】根据句意可知，骄傲在摔倒之前发生，故把after改为before。‎ ‎2. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ ‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ ‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。‎ ‎ 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎ 2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ Now, few teenagers know how to cook. That is why many parents offer their children too much love and have them only work hardly at their lessons at home instead of doing anything else. It seems to them that their children are too busy their studies and that their children’s only task is to achieve high marks in the exams. So, the parents think their children needn’t to know something about cooking.‎ Therefore, I think students are supposing to learn how to cook. In that case, children can learn many skills by cooking, such as controling time wisely, knowing about the feature of vegetables and food supplies and so on. What’s more important is that cooking can help them understand how hardships their parents have experienced when raising them.‎ ‎【答案】‎ Now, few teenagers know how to cook. That is why many parents offer their children too much love and ‎ ‎ because have them only work hardly at their lessons at home instead of doing anything else. It seems to them that their ‎ ‎ hard children are too busy ∧their studies and that their children’s only task is to achieve high marks in the exams. So, ‎ ‎ with the parents think their children needn’t to know something about cooking.‎ ‎ anything Therefore, I think students are supposing to learn how to cook. In that case, children can learn many skills by ‎ However supposed cooking, such as controling time wisely, knowing about the feature of vegetables and food supplies and so on. ‎ ‎ controlling features ‎ What’s more important is that cooking can help them understand how hardships their parents have experienced ‎ ‎ what when raising them. ‎ 第一处：why →because 考查连词。本句与前一句是因果关系，其规律是：结果，that is because…；原因， that is why…。此处前、后句的意思是：没有几个青少年会做饭，那是因为……。‎ 第二处：hardly → hard 考查副词。此处逻辑是让孩子努力(hard)学习功课。hardly(几乎不)意思反了。‎ 第三处：在busy和their之间添加with 考查固定词组。help sb with sth是固定词组。‎ 第四处：去掉needn’t和know之间的to。考查情态动词。情态动词后用动词原形。而don’t need to do是对的。‎ 第九处：feature → features考查名词复数。蔬菜和粮食有很多特点，所以应该使用复数形式(features)。‎ 第十处：how →what考查连词。how与中心词是副词、形容词或 adj +a(an) +n的短语连用，而what与中心词是名词或 a(an) + adj +n的短语连用。How tall a tree=What a tall tree。‎ ‎3. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处；每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ Many of us have had disturbing nightmares that are difficult to comprehend them. Now, research has discovered these dreams are a reflection of our daily struggles. In particular, feeling of lack in dependence and being misunderstood can cause nightmares. These feelings suggest that a person’s ‘basic psychological needs’ were not being met, and nightmares occur when we haven’t processed these emotions properly. The number of recurring themes seem to appear during disturbing dreams. These may include trapped, chased or attacked. Previous research has identified that some of these dreams might mean. For instance, people who are frustrating with their daily lives tend to having recurring dreams in which they were falling, failing or being attacked. Those that feel under pressure in real life are more likely to experience a dream in which they are unprepared for everything important like an exam.‎ Many of us have had disturbing nightmares that are difficult to comprehend . Now, research has discovered these dreams are a reflection of our daily struggles. In particular, feeling of lack in dependence being misunderstood can cause nightmares. These feelings suggest that a person’s ‘basic psychological needs’ not being met, and nightmares occur when we haven’t processed these emotions properly. number of recurring themes seem to appear during disturbing dreams. These may include trapped, chased or attacked. Previous research ‎ has identified some of these dreams might mean. For instance, people who are with their daily lives tend to recurring dreams in which they were falling, failing or being attacked. Those feel under pressure in real life are more likely to experience a dream in which they are unprepared for important like an exam.‎ ‎【语篇解读】本文讲述的是现在的研究发现：恶梦其实是我们日常困境的折射。‎ 第一处：去掉them考査固定句型。句意：许多人都曾有过反复出现的难以解释的可怕恶梦。这是一个定语从句含有固定句型：主语+ be adj + to do ,在本句型中，动词不定式和主语在逻辑上具有动宾关系，所以动词不定式不能再有宾语，故把去掉them。‎ 第二处：and—or 考査连词。句意：缺乏自主性或被误解的感觉都可能引发恶梦。根据句意确定是或者即选择关系而不是并列关系，故把and 改为or。‎ 第三处：were--are 考査时态。句意：这些感觉意味着一个人的“基本心理需求”没有被满足，当我们没能适当地消化这些情感时，就产生了恶梦。根据整篇文章都是用一般现在时对恶梦原因做解释说明，故把were改为are。‎ 第四处：The---A 考査冠词。句意：许多反复出现的主题出现在恶梦中。根据a number of 许多，the number of ...的数量，由句意确定是许多而不是数量，故把The改为A。‎ 第五处：include 后加being。句意：这些可能包括被困住、被追赶、被攻击。根据句意确定应该用被动式，include+ being done 表被动，故 include 后加being。‎ 第六处：that--- what考査连词。句意：先前的研究已经确定其中一些恶梦的暗示意义。根据that引导宾语从句时，无词意，不做成分，而本句中从句中谓语动词mean后少宾语，what引导宾语从句时在从句中做主语或者宾语；故that改为what。‎ 第七处：frustrating —frustrated 考查形容词。句意：对日常生活感到沮丧的人通常会反复做坠落、失败或被攻击的恶梦。根据句子主语是人，而frustrating,令人沮丧的，修饰物，而frustrated，感到沮丧的，修饰人；故把frustrating 改为frustrated。‎ 第八处：having---have 考查非谓语。句意：对日常生活感到沮丧的人通常会反复做坠落、失败或被攻击的恶梦。根据固定短语：tend to do sth ,通常做某事，故having改为have。‎ 第九处：that—who 考査关系词。句意：在真实生活中感受到压力的那些人。这是一个定语从句，根据先行词为those，代人时只能用关系词who；故把that改为who。‎ 第十处：everything--something 考査代词。句意：那些在真实生活中感受到压力的人更可能会梦见在考试等重要事情前没做好准备。根据句意确定是某件重要的事情而不少一切事情；故把everything改为something。‎ ‎4. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ ‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ ‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。‎ ‎ 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎ 2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ Dear Mary,‎ After 3 months of my stay at High School, my high school life has impressed me deep.‎ My new school is a key high school with history of 60 years. It consists by 50 classes, about 300 teachers and over 1500 students. Each of the classrooms are equipped with a computer. And I have 29 classmates in my class. We’re got along quite well with each other. My English teacher is a respectable woman names Zhang Hua. And she has such an interesting and humorous teaching method so that no classmates feel boring in her class.‎ After class, we can enjoy us by participating in colorful after-class activity. What about yours? I’m waiting for your early reply.‎ ‎ Yours ever ‎ Jack ‎【答案】‎ Dear Mary,‎ After 3 months of my stay at High School, my high school life has impressed me . ‎ My new school is a key high school with history of 60 years. It consists 50 classes, about 300 teachers and over 1500 students. Each of the classrooms equipped with a computer.‎ ‎ And I have 29 classmates in my class. We’re along quite well with each other. My English teacher is a respectable woman Li Hua. And she has such an interesting and humorous teaching method that no classmates feel in her class.‎ After class, we can enjoy by participating in colorful after-class . What about yours? I’m waiting for your early reply.‎ ‎ Yours ever ‎ Jack 第一处：deep →deeply 考查词性变化及用法。副词 deeply修饰动词impress。‎ 第二处：在history前添加a 考查冠词。“a / an+单数名词+ of +数(量词)”是固定表达法。‎ 第三处：by → of 考查词组。“consist of由……组成”是固定词组。‎ 第四处：are → is 考查主谓一致。该句主语是each而不是classrooms，因此谓语与each保持一致。‎ 第五处：got → getting 考查时态。“get along well with sb与某人相处得好”人们相处是时时刻刻的长期过程，这种情况用进行时态表达。‎ 第六处：names → named 考查非谓语动词。因为name与woman是动宾关系，根据规则此处应该使用非谓语动词；由此确定使用去分词“named”做“woman”的定语。‎ 第八处：boring → bored 考查非谓语动词。 “Too much work bores students太多作业使学生厌烦”在此句中，students是动作bores承受者。可认为“Students are / feel bored with too much work.”是前一句的被动形式。此题与第二个句子类似，所以使用形容词化了的过去分词bored。‎ 第九处：us → ourselves考查代词。动作发出者与承受者相同时，其宾语用反身代词形式。Enjoy oneself是固定搭配。‎ 第十处：activity → activities考查名词复数。此处意思是“丰富多彩的活动”应该使用复数形式的名词。‎ ‎5. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ The day before the speech contest, my English teacher, Miss Ellen, told me she and my classmate all wished me success, but it didn’t matter that I would win or not. Stood on the stage, I saw a sea of crowds at present. I felt so nervously that I couldn’t say a word. Just then I caught sight of Miss Ellen, who was smiling but nodding at me. Soon I calm down. I did a good job and won first prize. Now my picture and the cup is hanging in our classroom. Whenever I see it I will feel happy and grateful.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎【解析】1.classmate改为classmates ‎ ‎ 考查名词复数。句意：爱伦老师告诉我她和同学们都祝我成功。分析句子可知是许多同学，因此要用复数。故classmate改为classmates。‎ ‎2.that改为whether.‎ 考查连词。句意：但是我是否能赢都没关系。根据句意可知，”是否能赢”，因此要用whether。因此把that改为whether。‎ ‎3.Stood 改为Standing 考查非谓语作状语。句意：站在舞台上，我看到眼前有一片人潮。分析句子可知是我站在舞台上，我I与stand是主动关系，要用动词的ing形式，因此要把Stood改为Standing。‎ ‎4.删除at。‎ 考查形容词作定语。句意：我看见在场的人非常多（人山人海）。at present，为固定搭配，“目前，现在”。而本句是指“在场的，出席的”，即“present”是形容词，作后置定语修饰a sea of crowds，要用present，所以去掉at.。‎ ‎5.nervously改为nervous。‎ 考查形容词作表语。句意：我紧张得说不出话来。分析句子可知nervously在句子中作 felt的表语，作表语要用形容词，而.nervously是副词，要用形容词nervous。因此.nervously改为nervous ‎6.but改为and.‎ 考查转折连词。句意：我看见了爱伦小姐，她微笑着向我点头示意。分析句意可知，“smiling（微笑）”与“nodding（点头）”是并列关系，故要用并列连词and，而不是but。‎ ‎7.calm改为calmed。‎ 考查谓语动词。本文主要讲述以前的事，因此要用一般过去时。因此要把calm改为calmed ‎8.在won后添加the。‎ 考查固定搭配。the first prize，为固定搭配，“第一名，一等奖”。故在won后加the。句意：我获得一等奖。‎ ‎9.is 改为are。‎ 考查主谓一致。句意: 现在我的照片和奖杯挂在教室里。从句意可知，主语是my picture and the cup，是复数，故要用are，因此要把is 改为are。‎ ‎10.it改为them 考查代词。 句意：每当我看到它们（照片和奖杯），我就会感到幸福和感激。分析句子可知，是每当我看到照片和奖杯（它们）是复数，要用them，而it是单数，因此把it改为them。‎ ‎【单项填空】‎ ‎1. It is always the case that the police conduct an investigation and look at the evidence that may suggest who ________ the offence.‎ A. commits B. commit C. committed D. will commit ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查时态 句意：常规的做法就是：警察先进行调查再查找犯罪的证据。此题考查时态，在that引导的定语从句中犯罪的动作明显是过去的行为，故要使用过去式，所以选C。‎ ‎【考点】考查时态 ‎2. The Alibaba Group announced Wednesday it ________a new research institute, the DAMO Academy, and invest over 100 billion yuan over the next three years in advanced technology development.‎ ‎ A. was setting up B. set up C. has set up D. will set up ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查时态语态 句意上：阿里巴巴集团周三宣布成立一个新的研究院“达摩院”，并计划在未来三年投资1000亿元进行高端技术研究。该题考查的是时态语态，依据题干中的“over the next three years”可知应该是用将来时，故D项正确。‎ ‎【考点】考查时态语态 ‎3. China _____ its first human spaceflight mission in more than three years successfully, placing into orbit a spacecraft carrying two astronauts that will dock with a new space laboratory module. ‎ ‎ A. launched B. has launched C. had launched D. would launch ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查时态 句意：时隔三年中国再次进行载人航天发射，搭载两名航天员的载人飞船进入轨道，与其他空间实验室对接。此题考查时态，依据句意可知讲述的过去发生的事情，故选A。‎ ‎【考点】考查时态 ‎4. —Mike, what’s your opinion about the problem Jack has described?‎ ‎—I’m sorry I have missed his problem, but I ______ about another one.‎ ‎ A. thought B. have thought C. had thought D. was thinking ‎5. It is always the case that the police conducted an investigation and look at the evidence that may suggest who ________ the offence.‎ ‎ A. commits B. commit C. committed D. will commit ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】考查时态 句意：在案件中通常是警察先进行调查再研究那些表明可能是谁犯罪的证据。题干中“suggest”一词较有迷惑性，此处考查的是“暗示，表明”之意，故不能使用虚拟语气，结合句意可知C项正确，‎ ‎【考点】考查时态 ‎6. Life teaches us not to regret over yesterday, for it ________ and is beyond our control.‎ A. has passed B. will pass C. passed D. had passed ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析： 句意：生活教会我们不要后悔昨天的事情，因为它已经过去，我们无法掌控。A. has passed 现在完成时。根据句意可以判断，这里表示动作已经完成，应该用现在完成时， 故选A。‎ 考点：考查动词时态的用法 ‎7. It is the 20th time in history that Chinese women’s table tennis team ___________the honorable award---M Corbillon Cup(考比伦杯).‎ A. won B. had won C. have won D. has won ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查时态。句意：这是中国女子乒乓球队历史上第20次赢得＂考比伦杯＂这一荣誉奖项。依照句子结构来看，本句主要考查 ＂It is the +序数词 time that+从句＂的时态，该句型中that从句要用现在完成时，从句的主语为＂Chinese women’s table tennis team＂，为单数，故选D。‎ ‎【考点】考查时态 ‎8. Alan Greenspan, once reported as a financial god, had to admit that he _______ some serious mistakes.‎ A. made B. had made C. has been making D. has made ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：曾经被报道为金融之神的艾伦·格林斯潘不得不承认他之前也犯过一些严重的错误。该空动作发生在主句动作“had to admit”之前，应用过去完成时。故选B项。‎ 考点：动词时态 ‎9. You will have to wear strong shoes if you _______ some climbing in such tough conditions.‎ A. have done B. will do C. would do D. are to do ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：如果你打算在这种恶劣的条件下去爬山，你得穿结实的鞋。be to do sth.用于条件句，意为“如果想……，设想……”(=if ….want to do sth.)。故选D项。‎ 考点：动词时态 ‎10. —My wife ______ for new clothes, but actually her wardrobe is full. ‎ ‎—Women like spending money just for the sake of it.‎ A. always hunts B. has always hunted C. is always hunting D. will always hunt ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】考查时态。—我妻子总是买新衣服，但实际上她的衣橱里满满的都是。—女人就是因为喜欢新衣服才花钱的。此题目中依照对话的语境来看充满着抱怨、埋怨之意，故使用be always doing，所以选C适合。‎ ‎【考点】考查时态 ‎11. —Do you know where Tom is?‎ ‎—He ________ in the reading room this morning, but I don’t know if he is still there.‎ A. read B. had read C. was reading D. has read ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查时态。 句意：—你知道Tom在哪吗？—他今早在阅览室读书，但我不知道他现在是否还在那里。此题考查时态，题目表示的是他今早所处的状态，故用过去进行时，所以选C项适合。‎ ‎【考点】考查时态 ‎12. ---You look pretty tired.‎ ‎ ---That’s right. I ________ until early this morning, preparing a report for the coming meeting. I can hardly keep my eyes open.‎ ‎ A. sat up B. have sat up C. have been sitting up D. am sitting up ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：---呢看上去很累啊。---是啊，我为准备要开会的报告一直坐到今天早上，现在眼都睁不开了。从时态上看，现在两个人在进行对话故已经准备报告的事情是过去的事情了，所以应该是过去时，故选A。‎ 考点: 考查时态语态 ‎13. She is a famous lawyer in New York now, but nobody knows she ________ part-time jobs everywhere to make a living for six years.‎ A. does B. did C. had done D. has done ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：她现在是纽约的著名的律师，但是没有人知道她有6年的时间为了生存到处打工。因为现在是纽约的著名的律师，6年的打工是在过去发生的，用一般过去时，选B。‎ 考点：考查时态 ‎14. I ______ a report about the environment here over the last few days, which I have to hand in next week.‎ A. wrote B. was writing C. had written D. have been writing ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：根据语境可知，本句中用现在完成进行时表示write这一动作这些天一直在进行。故选D。‎ 考点：动词时态 ‎15. About 3.000 Chinese students will go to universities in America this year, plus 200 who _____ earlier for graduate and postgraduate studies.‎ ‎ A. admit B. are admitted C. have been admitted D. had been admitted ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：加上早些时候因为毕业和研究生学习而被录取的200名学生，今年大概会有3000名学生去美国上大学。此处表示的是“已经被录取的”故用完成时态的被动语态较为适合，故选C。‎ 考点: 考查时态语态 ‎16. I ______to meet you at the airport this morning but I was too busy for I was writing a report.‎ A. meant B. had meant C. have meant D. would mean ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：我本打算今天早上到机场接你，但是我太忙了，因为我在写一份报告。had meant to do或meant to have done本打算做某事，所以选B。‎ 考点：考查时态 ‎17. Blinda _______ changing jobs when this chance of promotion occurred, so she took it and stayed on at a much higher salary. ‎ A. was thinking of B. thought of C. had been thinking of D. was to think of ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析： 根据句意可知，有个升职机会从天而降的时候，贝琳达正在考虑换个工作。此处描述的是过去某个时间点正在进行的动作，故用过去进行时。‎ 考点：时态 ‎18. In the past several weeks, many cities in Northern China from heavy fogs and severe cold.‎ ‎ A. had suffered B. have been suffering C. were suffered D. suffered ‎【答案】B ‎ 考点 : 考查动词的时态 ‎ ‎19. —Can I borrow your tape-recorder?‎ ‎ —No. The last time you borrowed it, you _______ it for a month.‎ A.kept B. had kept C. are keeping D. have kept ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】语境：“—借一下你的录音机好吗？—不。你上次借去一个月才还。”此题较难虽然有for a month一段时间，但是语境指在过去用了一个月，故用一般过去时。本对话取材于《英国口语词典》，语言真实、地道。‎ 考点：此题考查一般过去时的用法。（原创）‎ ‎20. I’m calling about the apartment you the other day. Could you tell me more about it?‎ ‎ A. will advertise B. had advertised C. are advertising D. advertised ‎【答案】 D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：我打电话给你主要是谈几天前你广告的那所公寓。你能告诉我一些关于它的更多的信息吗？结合语境和时间the other day“几天前”可知前文定语从句中描述的是过去某时的动作，故用一般过去时态，选D。‎ 考点：考查动词时态 ‎19. This nationwide smog should serve as a reminder to all, indicating a high time that we ______ on what we've done to the environment. ‎ A. have reflected B. are reflecting C. will reflect D. reflected ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：全球范围的雾霾应该对所有的人是个提醒，表明是我们该反思我们对环境做了什么的时候了。这是句型：It’s high time that+虚拟语气的变形，that从句中用一般过去式或should do表示虚拟语气，所以选D。‎ 考点：考查虚拟语气及动词时态。‎ ‎20．The English teacher her students how to improve their comprehension skill since last week.‎ ‎ A. has told B. is telling C. has been telling D. will have told ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：根据时间状语since last week可知，自从上周英语老师一直都在告诉学生如何提高阅读理解的问题，表明动作从上周开始一直延续到现在，故用现在完成进行时。句意：英语老师从上周一直都在告诉他的学生如何提高阅读理解的技能。根据句意选C。‎ 考点：考查动词时态。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎