【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习增分技巧学案：专题二习题讲评课三

【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习增分技巧学案：专题二习题讲评课三

‎ 段中位置题的思考点(一)——并列、顺承、递进关系 一、 ‎ 根据并列关系解题 ‎ ‎[典例]　(2013·全国卷Ⅰ片段)‎ ‎...One is the establishment (制定) of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting. 74 The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments ...‎ E．The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.‎ F．In the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects.‎ ‎[解析]　选E　此题属并列关系，根据上文所提到的“One”和下文所提到的“The third”可知，这里是按照顺序排列，此处应该是第二条，与E项“The second aspect ...”相呼应。‎ ‎[增分技巧]　表示并列关系的词有：first(ly), second(ly) ...; first, then/next ...; in the first place, in the second place ...; for one thing, for another thing ...；to begin with, to conclude 等标志性词语，则表明前后两句是逻辑上的并列关系，空格处很有可能是个并列的句子。‎ 二、 ‎ 根据顺承关系解题 ‎ ‎[典例]　(2018·浙江高考片段)‎ ‎...‎ Second, take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously.When going for a walk, take along a small garbage bag. 33 This small act will let your neighbors know that you care about the area.‎ ‎...‎ E．Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it up.‎ F．People tend to take pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.‎ ‎[解析]　选E　此题属顺承关系。空格前提到，散步时随身带个小垃圾袋；空格后提到，这个小小的举动会让你的邻居知道你关心这个区域。E项“如果你碰到从路过的车里扔出的废纸，把它捡起来”，与空格前后衔接，故选E项。‎ ‎[增分技巧]‎ ‎(1)顺承关系是按时间、空间或逻辑事理上的顺序说出连续的动作或相关的情况，分句之间有先后相承的关系，重逻辑事理上的次序，较少涉及因果。‎ ‎(2)注意所选选项要在语境方面能够与原文无缝衔接。错误选项使上下文衔接不自然，不连贯，无法体现行文结构与脉络。‎ 三、 ‎ 根据递进关系解题 ‎ ‎[典例]　(2018·北京高考片段)‎ ‎...‎ Each person, no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry. 53 Also, sometimes preanger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred.‎ ‎...‎ D．Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry.‎ E．Having these personality traits implies the preanger state, where anger is in the background of your mind.‎ ‎[解析]　选E　选项与空后句构成递进关系。上文提到：每个人都有自己心理不平衡的地方。那些比较好强，气量比较小的人更容易生气。下一句提到：而且，有时候，preanger并不一定是一种持久的状态，而是一种触发事件发生前的暂时状态。该空承上启下，既要提到上一句中的那些性格特征，又要提到下一句中的preanger，故选E。本题空格后的“Also”是解题关键。‎ ‎[增分技巧]　递进关系主要指英语行文中，后一分句以前一分句为基点，并在程度或范围上比前一分句有更进一层的语义关系。表示递进关系的词有：too, also, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, what’s more, in addition, as well, to make matters worse, not ...but ..., not only ...but also等。‎ ‎[小结]‎ 英语词汇衔接关系表现为词的复现。词的复现指的是某一词以原词、同义词、近义词、概括词或其他形式重复出现在语篇中。文章的句子通过这种复现关系，达到相互衔接、意义完整。阅读七选五语篇的上下文语境中往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达等，甚至有时有相同词汇的重复使用。词汇衔接关系是我们解题很好的线索。‎ 铺阴影的题目为段中逻辑关系题 A We all know the benefits of regular physical activity.But about 80 percent of people don’t take exercise every day.Even some say they don’t enjoy exercise. Here are some tips.‎ Find an exercise that best fits your personality. Take a group exercise class, join a football team or walk with a group of friends.If you prefer having time alone, jogging or yoga will be a better fit for you.‎ Make it a habit.It can take a little while for something to become a habit. One way is to try to exercise around the same time each day.“Exercise can become addictive (上瘾的) in a positive way，” said Dr.Carnethon, who is also an American Heart Association volunteer.‎ ‎ 4 There are many ways to fit exercise into your life.You can find some exercise videos online.Do weight training with things around your home.Take a brief walk after lunch.And if you go to school or work by bus, get off a stop earlier and walk the rest of the way.‎ Keep going.If you miss a day, don’t worry about it. 5 Just make sure you get back the next day.It’s easy to make something a habit again.You will see the same benefits.And any little bit you can fit in will show benefits.‎ A．Build exercise into your lifestyle.‎ B．Everybody struggles once in a while.‎ C．So how can you make an exercise pleasant?‎ D．Break up your physical activity into smaller parts.‎ E．Therefore, give yourself the time to create a regular routine.‎ F．If you are a social person, do something that attracts you socially.‎ G．Finding a peer group is the perfect way to share your goals, lifestyles and hobbies.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。运动的益处人人皆知，但大部分人还是不喜欢运动，文章给出了一些可以让你爱上运动的建议。‎ ‎1．选C　根据本空后的“Here are some tips.”以及下文四段分别提出的四条建议可知，本句提出一个问题：如何让运动变得有趣呢？‎ ‎2．选F　本句与下文“If you prefer having time alone, jogging or yoga will be a better fit for you.”是并列关系，分别说明了两种个性的人应该如何选择适合自己的运动。‎ ‎3．选E　上一句说“培养一个习惯需要些时间”，本句紧接着说“因此，给自己一点时间养成经常锻炼的习惯”。‎ ‎4．选A　本句为本段的中心句。空后说“有许多方法把锻炼身体融入到你的生活”可推知空前应指出“把锻炼身体融入到你的日常生活”，前后句为顺承关系。‎ ‎5．选B　有一天没锻炼也不必担心，因为每个人都会偶尔懈怠，只要你第二天继续锻炼就可以。‎ B The oldfashioned art of letter writing is at risk of disappearing altogether.Yet, to me, there is something about receiving a letter that cannot be matched by any other form of communication.‎ ‎ 6 It probably began with the little notes I would write to my mother.My mother,‎ ‎ also, always, insisted I write my own thankyou letters.It didn’t matter how short or untidy they were as long as they were letters.‎ When I left home at 18 to train as a doctor in London, I would write once a week, and so would my mother.Occasionally my father would write. 7 Of course, we also made phone calls but it is the letters that I remember most.‎ I love the letters that come with birthday or Christmas cards. And it’s even nicer when it’s an airmail envelope with beautiful stamps.My overseas letters arrive from Sri Lanka, from someone I trained with over 20 years ago, and I have a penfriend in Australia and another in Vancouver.‎ My biggest letterwriting success, however, came this summer, when my family and I stayed with my American penfriend in Texas.We had been corresponding (通信) for 29 years but had never met. The local press even considered the correspondence worth reporting on the front page.‎ ‎ 10 Like my mother, I insist they write their own thankyou letters.‎ However convenient communicating by email may appear to be, I strongly urge readers not to allow letter writing to become another “lost art”．‎ A．As it is, we now have a regular correspondence.‎ B．It was always a joy to receive his long, amusing letters.‎ C．I am pleased that my children are carrying on the tradition.‎ D．Everyone was amazed that a correspondence could last so long.‎ E．Letter writing has been part of my life for as long as I can remember.‎ F．Notes are appreciated, but how much better to have a year’s supply of news!‎ G．I found that I could often express myself more easily in writing than by talking.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者在文中叙述了她对写信情有独钟以及家人如何将这一传统代代传承。‎ ‎6．选E　第一段提到写信这种传统的交流方式已近消失，然而，作者却对它情有独钟。根据空格后的“It probably began with the little notes I would write to my mother.”可知，本段谈论的是作者是何时开始写信的。故E项(在“我”小的时候写信已经成为生活的一部分)符合语境。空格后的It指代E项中的Letter writing。‎ ‎7．选B　B项中的his指代上句中的my father。‎ ‎8．选F　F项中的“how much better to ...”与空格后的“And it’s even nicer when ...”构成递进关系。‎ ‎9．选D　本段讲述的是作者最为传奇的通信经历。D项中的“correspondence”与下一句中的“correspondence”呼应。“The local press even considered the correspondence worth reporting on the front page.”‎ 与D项(通信可以持续29年，大家对此表示难以置信)均表明了作者这段通信经历的非同寻常。‎ ‎10．选C　空格后的“they”指代C项中的“my children”。本段讲的是作者如何将写信这一传统传承下去。‎ C ‎(2018·烟台模拟)There are two types of party attendees (参加者): Those who count the minutes until they can go home, and those who stay until the early hours of morning.‎ Regardless of which category you fall into, though, you must have secretly wondered about the best time to head out the door. Not only do you want to avoid being impolite, but you also don’t want to overstay your welcome.Thankfully, Thomas Blaikie can help you out with this delicate matter.‎ According to Blaikie, there is a golden time to leave the gathering without appearing rude. If it’s a sitdown dinner party, but you have to leave for something urgent, you should remain until all courses have been served.It’s considered rude to leave before dessert. Aim to say your goodbyes at 11：15 p．m.Don’t be the last person to leave.‎ ‎ 14 Chatting with a drink in your hand can easily make you lose track of the time.And don’t worry about hurting your host if you must turn down an offer.After all, your host is tired out.‎ This advice depends on how well you know your host, of course. He also might appreciate it if you stayed behind to help clean up.In that case, you’ll need to know the best cleaning tips for a dinner party.‎ A．As for the weekends?‎ B．On a weeknight, it is best to leave at 10：30 p．m.‎ C．Undoubtedly, they have spent much time on the party.‎ D．Thank the host for the party when you are ready to leave.‎ E．Blaikie recommends politely turning down any afterdinner drinks.‎ F．A good friend might be hurt if you did happen to turn down an offer.‎ G．Finding the most natural moment to leave the party can be an art form.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了什么时候离开聚会最合适以及如何拒绝主人的餐后邀请。‎ ‎11．选G　空前谈到人们参加聚会时都思考过什么时候离开最合适。空后谈到既要避免不礼貌地过早离开，又要考虑不过度逗留。所以本空选G“找到离开聚会最自然的时间可能是一种艺术形式”。‎ ‎12．选B　空前谈到了礼仪专家Blaikie认为礼貌地离开聚会有一个黄金时间，因此本段应该谈离开聚会的具体时间。所以，本空谈在工作日的晚上聚会的话，10：30是离开的黄金时间。‎ ‎13．选A　本段第一句是主题句，再结合本空后面一句“Aim to say your goodbyes at 11：15 p．m.”可知选A。“Aim to say your goodbyes at 11：15 p．m.”实际上回答了如果在周末晚上聚会的话，什么时候离开最合适的问题。‎ ‎14．选E　根据空后的内容可知，本段在谈应该拒绝关于餐后饮品的邀请，因为这样会把控不了时间，况且主人也很累了。因此E选项作为本段主题句是最恰当的。‎ ‎15．选F　本段第一句谈到了这些建议要根据你对主人的了解程度来使用。本空后面的“He also might appreciate it if ... clean up.”暗示了好朋友可能真的希望你留下来帮助他清理。据此可推知，如果你拒绝餐后的邀请，你的好朋友可能会伤心。故选F。‎