专题18 阅读理解——记叙文类-2018年高考英语备考中等生百日捷进提升系列

专题18 阅读理解——记叙文类-2018年高考英语备考中等生百日捷进提升系列

专题18 阅读理解——记叙文类 方法与技巧 方法概述 记叙文类文章描述的是一件具体事情的发生、发展和结局，通常有时间、地点、人物、事件等。有些文章是按事件发展的经过为主线叙述的，在叙述的过程中有详有略；有些文章是按时间的顺序叙述的，有顺叙、倒叙等。从总体上来讲，文章的难度通常不大，在阅读过程中，我们一直在某个线索的引导下，随着作者的思路去了解一个故事或一件事情的始末，因此会感到比较轻松。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。阅读此类文章应特别注意：（1）若是一般故事性文章，应读懂故事的发生，发展，高潮和结局；（2）若是“哲理故事”，要理解故事所蕴含的哲理意义；（3）若是 “逸闻趣事”，应体会对话的风趣性，进而才能感受幽默的精髓。‎ 命题方式 考点一、细节事实理解。‎ 一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序（时间、空间、情感变化等）排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，体现文章的主旨大意。 细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴，难度较小，但在整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大，细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目。‎ 此类题通常根据文章具体内容来设问，也常使用下列方式来提问 ‎1.Which of the following statements is(not) true/correct? ‎2.Which of the following is not mentioned? ‎3.All of the following are true except... ‎4.According to the passage,when/where/why/how/how/what/which,etc...？‎ ‎1.直接事实题 ‎ 在解答这类问题时要求学生抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。 如：‎ A giant dam was built many years ago to control the Colorado River in the U.S.This dam was built to protect the land and houses around the river.‎ This huge dam is in the Black Canyon.It is possible to drive a car from one side of the river to the other on a road，which is on the top of the dam.This dam is so big that there is an elevator inside.The elevator goes down forty-four stories from the road to the bottom.There is enough concrete in this dam to build a highway from New York to San Francisco.Thousands of people ‎ worked on this dam for five years.‎ This huge dam was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in 1936.Later it was renamed Hoover Dam in honor of a president of the United States.Hoover Dam，one of the highest dams in the world，is situated between the states of Arizona and Nevada.‎ Q：Hoover Dam lies______ .‎ A.between Arizona and Nevada B.in the Black Canyon C.between New York and San Francisco D.both A and B ‎【解析】由第二段的第一句话和最后一段的最后一句话可得出正确答案是D项。‎ ‎2.间接事实题 ‎ 解答此类题，需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断或者要进行简单的计算。‎ Invited by Mr.Ye Huixian，host of the well-received TV programme“Stars Tonight”，Miss Luo Lin，Miss Asia of 1991，appeared as the guest hostess on the Shanghai TV screen last Sunday.‎ Born in Shanghai and taken to Hongkong when she was only six years old，Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia.Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess.Before she took part in the competition，she had been an airhostess in Cathay Airline for seven years.However， it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage，dancing,singing,making-up and other proper manners，designed by the Asia TV Station.‎ ‎“It’s really a hard job for me.I won’t enter for such competition any more.Anyhow，I am quite lucky.I am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I won the title.This time，in Shanghai，I’d love to make a deep impression on my TV audience，”said Luo Lin with a sweet smile.‎ Q：Which of the following is NOT true?‎ A.Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.‎ B.Luo Lin moved to Hongkong with her parents.‎ C.Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.‎ D.Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.‎ ‎【解析】A、C和D项都可在原文找到答案，而B项原文所给的是：taken to Hongkong可判断不是moved to Hongkong with her parents，因此选B。 ‎ ‎3、数据推算。‎ If you register both the VIEW qualification course and the Forum at the same time,you will save_______ .‎ A.$100　 B.$300　 C.$350　 D.$400 ‎ 这类题目要求学生就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文中其他信息的关系做简单计算和推断。在做此类题时：‎ ‎1.要抓住并正确理解与数据有关的信息含义。‎ ‎2.弄清众多信息中那些属于有用信息，那些属于干扰信息。‎ ‎3.不要孤立看待数字信息，而要抓住一些关键用语的意义。‎ 考点二、主题理解或写作意图推断。‎ 一、主旨阅读理解题考查的内容 ‎1.短文的标题（title,headline）； ‎2.短文或段落的主题（subject）； ‎3.中心思想(main idea)； ‎4.作者的写作目的(purpose)。 二、此类题的设问方式 ‎1.What would be the best title for the text? ‎2.What does the second paragraph mainly discuss? ‎3.What is the passage mainly about? ‎4.The main purpose of announcing the above events is__________. 考点三、推理推断。‎ 推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，属于深层理解题。 此类题的设问常常包括infer,imply,suggest,conclude 等词，这类题的设问方式主要有： ‎1.We can infer from the Passage that__________. ‎2.What can be inferred from the Passage? ‎3.Which of the following can be inferred from the Passage? ‎4.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that__________. ‎5.The author suggests in this paragraph that__________. ‎6.The writer implies that__________. ‎7.It can be inferred that__________. ‎8.It can be concluded from the Passage that__________. ‎9.On the whole,we can conclude that__________. ‎10.From the text we can conclude that__________. ‎11.After reading the Passage we may conclude that__________. ‎12.What conclusion can be drawn from the Passage? ‎13.The author is inclined to think that__________. ‎14.When the writer talks about,what he really means is that__________. ‎15.What’s the writer’s attitude/feeling towards...? ‎16.In the writer’s opinion,... 考点四、词义、句义猜测。‎ 词义猜测阅读理解题考查对文中关键词语的理解。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据语境来判断。 此类题的设问方式主要有 ‎1.The word “...”in Line...means/can be replaced by... ‎2.As used in the passage,the phrase “...”suggests... ‎3.From the passage,we can infer that the word/phrase “...” is/referred to... ‎4.The word “...” is closest in meaning to...猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中常用的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、上下文等线索确定词义。‎ ‎1.定义法。如:‎ Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.‎ 句子给予annealing 以明确的定义，即 “退火”。‎ It will be very hard but also very brittle—that is,it will break easily.‎ 从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle 是“脆”的意思。‎ The herdsman,who looks after sheep，earns about 650 yuan a year.‎ 定语从句中 looks after sheep 就表明了 herdsman 的词义为“牧人”。‎ ‎2.同位法。如:‎ They traveled a long way and at last got to a castle,a large building in old times.‎ 同位语部分a large building in old times 给出了 castle 的确切词义，即“城堡”。‎ We are on the night shift—from midnight to 8 a.m.—this week.‎ 两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明night shift 是“夜班”的意思。‎ ‎3.对比法。如:‎ She is usually prompt for all her class,but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.‎ but一词表转折，因此but 前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是“她今天第一节上了一半才来”，因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论。‎ ‎4.构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)。如:‎ Perhaps,we can see some possibilities for next fifty years.But the next hundred?‎ possibility 是 possible 的同根名词,据此可以判断定 possibility 意思是“可能性”。‎ ‎5.因果法。如：‎ The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken.Sometimes the weakness was permanent.So the player could never play the sport again.‎ 从后面的结果“永远不能再运动”中，可以推测 permanent 的意思为“永远的，永久”。‎ 体验高考 ‎[2017·浙江卷6月考]‎ A Benjamin West, the father of American painting, showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age. But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one. In those days, a brush was made from camel's hair. There were no camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush.‎ The brush did not last long. Soon Benjamin needed more fur. Before long, the cat began to look ragged (蓬乱). His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.‎ The cat's lot was about to improve. That year, one of Benjamin's cousins, Mr Pennington, came to visit. He was impressed with Benjamin's drawings. When he went home, he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. He also sent six engravings (版画) by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen. ‎ In 1747，when Benjamin was nine years old，Mr Pennington returned for another visit. He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift. He asked Benjamin's parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit.‎ In the city, Mr Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings. The boy began a landscape (风景) painting. William Williams, a wellknown painter，came to see him work. Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home. The books were long and dull. Benjamin could read only a little, having been a poor student. But he later said，“Those two books were my companions by day, and under my pillow at night.” While it is likely that he understood very little of the books，they were his introduction to classical paintings. The nineyearold boy decided then that he would be an artist.‎ ‎21．What is the text mainly about?‎ A. Benjamin's visit to Philadelphia.‎ B. Williams' influence on Benjamin.‎ C. The beginning of Benjamin's life as an artist.‎ D. The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.‎ ‎22．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 suggest?‎ A. The cat would be closely watched.‎ B. The cat would get some medical care.‎ C. Benjamin would leave his home shortly.‎ D. Benjamin would have real brushes soon.‎ ‎23．What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent?‎ A. He took him to see painting exhibitions.‎ B. He provided him with painting materials.‎ C. He sent him to a school in Philadelphia.‎ D. He taught him how to make engravings.‎ ‎24．Williams' two books helped Benjamin to ________．‎ A. master the use of paints B. appreciate landscape paintings C. get to know other painters D. make up his mind to be a painter ‎【文章大意】 本文是一篇人物介绍类的记叙文，主要讲述了美国绘画之父本杰明·韦斯特小时候绘画天赋的培养和他在6至9岁时受到的艺术启蒙教育。‎ ‎22. D　句意理解题。该句需要结合上下文来理解。根据上文第二段提到本杰明剪猫的毛来制作画笔，导致猫的“毁毛破相”，而第三段提到本杰明的堂兄Pennington给他送来了很多画画的颜料和画笔。由此我们可以推断，该下划线句子内容说明“猫的命运不久将得到改善”，而这一点可以从本杰明得到了很多画笔资助推断出来。故这句话隐含着“本杰明将很快不再需要用猫的毛制作画笔了，他将得到很多真正的画笔”的意思，答案选D项。‎ ‎23. B　细节理解题。根据文章第五段首句“In the city, Mr Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings.”可知，为了更好地培养本杰明的画画天赋，堂兄Pennington给了他很多帮助，提供了创作用的材料等，故选B项。‎ ‎24. D　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段本杰明说的话，以及“While it is likely that he understood…The nineyearold boy decided then that he would be an artist.”可知，著名画家William给予的两本关于绘画的著作启迪了本杰明幼小的心灵，帮助他打开了通往伟大艺术的殿堂之门，使他立志成为艺术家，所以答案选D项。‎ ‎[2017·北京卷]‎ A It was a cold March day in High Point, North Carolina. The girls on the Wesleyan Academy softball team were waiting for their next turns at bat during practice, stamping their feet to stay warm. Eighthgrader Taylor Bisbee shivered(发抖) a little as she watched her teammate Paris White play. The two didn't know each other well—Taylor had just moved to town a month or so before.‎ Suddenly, Paris fell to the ground.“Paris's eyes rolled back，” Taylor says. “She started shaking. I knew it was an emergency.”‎ It certainly was. Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure. Without immediate medical care, Paris would die. At first, no one moved. The girls were in shock. Then the softball coach shouted out, “Does anyone know CPR？”‎ CPR is a lifesaving technique. To do CPR, you press on the sick person's chest so that blood ‎ moves through the body and takes oxygen to organs. Without oxygen, the brain is damaged quickly.‎ Amazingly, Taylor had just taken a CPR course the day before. Still, she hesitated. She didn't think she knew it well enough. But when no one else came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR. “It was scary. I knew it was the difference between life and death，” says Taylor.‎ Taylor's swift action helped her teammates calm down. One girl called 911. Two more ran to get the school nurse, who brought a defibrillator, an electronic device(器械) that can shock the heart back into work. Luck stayed with them: Paris's heartbeat returned.‎ ‎“I know I was really lucky，” Paris says now. “Most people don't survive this. My team saved my life.”‎ Experts say Paris is right: for a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.‎ Today, Paris is back on the softball team. Taylor will apply to college soon. She wants to be a nurse. “I feel more confident in my actions now，” Taylor says. “I know I can act under pressure in a scary situation.”‎ ‎56．What happened to Paris on a March day?‎ A．She caught a bad cold.‎ B．She had a sudden heart problem.‎ C．She was knocked down by a ball.‎ D．She shivered terribly during practice.‎ ‎57．Why does Paris say she was lucky?‎ A．She made a worthy friend.‎ B．She recovered from shock.‎ C．She received immediate CPR.‎ D．She came back on the softball team.‎ ‎58．Which of the following words can best describe Taylor?‎ A．Enthusiastic and kind.‎ B．Courageous and calm.‎ C．Cooperative and generous.‎ D．Ambitious and professional.‎ ‎【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了垒球女孩 Paris 在打球的过程中突然心力衰竭， 队友 ‎ Taylor对其进行了紧急心肺复苏，Paris因此恢复了心跳的故事。文章旨在说明病人心力衰竭时， 其他人保持冷静并对其进行紧急心肺复苏的重要性。‎ ‎56．B　细节理解题。 根据第三段中“It certainly was. Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure.”可知， Paris突然心力衰竭，所以答案为B。‎ ‎57．C　推理判断题。根据第六段可知队友的协助使Paris得到了及时的救助，所以 Paris说自己很幸运。故答案为 C。‎ ‎ [2017·全国卷Ⅰ]‎ B ‎ I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.‎ ‎ I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl(猫头鹰) on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2 to 3weekold owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.‎ ‎ I examined the chick(雏鸟) and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.‎ ‎ The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.‎ ‎ Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to adults; they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.‎ ‎ A nervous night to be sure，but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all! The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings. I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active. And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all—LUNCH！The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.‎ ‎24．What is unavoidable in the author's rescue work according to Paragraph 1?‎ A．Efforts made in vain.‎ B．Getting injured in his work.‎ C．Feeling uncertain about his future.‎ D．Creatures forced out of their homes.‎ ‎25．Why was the author called to Muttontown?‎ A．To rescue a woman.‎ B．To take care of a woman.‎ C．To look at a baby owl.‎ D．To cure a young owl.‎ ‎26．What made the chick calm down?‎ A．A new nest.‎ B．Some food.‎ C．A recording.‎ D．Its parents.‎ ‎27．How would the author feel about the outcome of the event?‎ A．It's unexpected.‎ B．It's beautiful.‎ C．It's humorous.‎ D．It's discouraging. ‎ ‎【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要介绍了作者救助一只小猫头鹰，给它做新的窝，帮助它回到父母身边的故事。‎ ‎25. C　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“She had found a young owl(猫头鹰) on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2 to 3weekold owl.”可知，有人给作者打电话是因为有只小猫头鹰掉在地上了，作者赶过去看看情况。文中并没有说小猫头鹰受伤了，作者只是过去看情况，所以D选项错误。故选C。‎ ‎26. A　细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.”可知，在作者把小猫头鹰放在窝里之后，它很快就平静下来，所以是窝让小猫头鹰平静下来的。故选A。‎ ‎27. B　推理判断题。根据前文描述可知作者为小猫头鹰做了窝，并且帮助它找回了它的父母。作者的救助成功了，说明结局是美好的。再结合第一段的“However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.”可推测，作者感觉很美好。故选B。‎ ‎ [2017·全国卷Ⅱ]‎ B I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. When the studio didn't want me for the film—it wanted somebody as well known as Paul—he stood up for me. I don't know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.‎ The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theatre and live TV. We were respectful of craft(技艺)and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other—but always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core (核心)of our relationship off the screen.‎ We shared the belief that if you're fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back—he with his Newman's Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn't see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.‎ I last saw him a few months ago. He'd been in and out of the hospital.He and I both knew what the deal was，and we didn't talk about it.Ours was a relationship that didn't need a lot of words.‎ ‎24．Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to the author at first?‎ A．Paul Newman wanted it.‎ B．The studio powers didn't like his agent.‎ C．He wasn't famous enough.‎ D．The director recommended someone else.‎ ‎25．Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship?‎ A．They were of the same age.‎ B．They worked in the same theatre.‎ C．They were both good actors.‎ D．They had similar characteristics.‎ ‎26．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to?‎ A．Their belief.‎ B．Their care for children.‎ C．Their success.‎ D．Their support for each other.‎ ‎27．What is the author's purpose in writing the text?‎ A．To show his love of films.‎ B．To remember a friend.‎ C．To introduce a new movie.‎ D．To share his acting experience.‎ ‎【文章大意】 这是一篇记叙文。作者深情地追忆了自己和Paul Newman志趣相投、信念相守的深厚的友情。‎ ‎24. C　推理判断题。由第一段第二句“When the studio didn't want me for the film—it wanted somebody as well known as Paul…”可知，摄制组拒绝接纳“我”，因为“我”没有Paul有名气，由此可以推断作者当时名气不足。‎ ‎25. D　推理判断题。第二段第一句后半部分及后面的内容详细说明了作者和Paul的共同志向、追求与爱好。尽管两人年龄差距很大，但是因为性格相似、志趣相投而成为忘年交。‎ ‎ [2017·天津卷]‎ B Fifteen years ago, I took a summer vacation in Lecce in southern Italy. After climbing up a hill for a panoramic(全景的) view of the blue sea, white buildings and green olive trees, I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama.‎ Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view. Like me, this woman was here to stop, sigh and appreciate the view.‎ Patient as I was, after about 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take, I grew frustrated. Was it too much to ask her to move so I could take just one picture of the landscape? Sure, I could have asked her, but something prevented me from doing so. She seemed so content in her observation. I didn't want to mess with that.‎ Another 15 minutes passed and I grew bored. The woman was still there. I decided to take the photo anyway. And now when I look at it, I think her presence in the photo is what makes the image interesting. The landscape, beautiful on its own, somehow comes to life and breathes because this woman is engaging with it.‎ This photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined” it, now hangs on a wall in my bedroom. What would she think if she knew that her figure is captured(捕捉) and frozen on some stranger's bedroom wall? A bedroom, after all, is a very private space, in which some woman I don't even know has been immortalized(使……永存). In some ways, she lives in my house.‎ Perhaps we all live in each others' spaces. Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.‎ That photo is a reminder, a captured moment, an unspoken conversation between two women, separated only by a thin square of glass.‎ ‎41．What happened when the author was about to take a photo?‎ A．Her camera stopped working.‎ B．A woman blocked her view.‎ C．Someone asked her to leave.‎ D．A friend approached from behind.‎ ‎42．According to the author, the woman was probably ________．‎ A．enjoying herself B．losing her patience C．waiting for the sunset D．thinking about her past ‎43．In the author's opinion, what makes the photo so alive?‎ A．The rich colour of the landscape.‎ B．The perfect positioning of the camera.‎ C．The woman's existence in the photo.‎ D．The soft sunlight that summer day.‎ ‎44．The photo on the bedroom wall enables the author to better understand ________．‎ A．the need to be close to nature B．the importance of private space C．the joy of the vacation in Italy D．the shared passion for beauty ‎45．The passage can be seen as the author's reflections upon ________．‎ A．a particular life experience B．the pleasure of travelling C．the art of photography D．a lost friendship ‎41. B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view.”可知“我”刚要拍照，突然一位女士从后面靠近，挡了“我”的视线。‎ ‎42. A　推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“…sigh and appreciate the view.”以及第三段中的倒数第二句“She seemed so content in her observation.”可知这位女士沉浸在美丽的风景中，非常满足。‎ ‎43. C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的最后一句“The landscape, beautiful on its own, somehow comes to life and breathes because this woman is engaging with it.”可知“我”认为这张照片之所以有了生命力，是因为那位女士在照片中的存在。‎ ‎44. D　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“…to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.”可知“我”从这张照片中更好地理解了人们对美景的共同的爱。‎ ‎45. A　推理判断题。根据文章的内容：作者要拍照，却因一位女士一直站在那里，所以只好把她一起拍进去。但后来作者发现照片因这位女士的存在显得更加生动了。因此可知这篇文章是作者对一次特殊的人生经历的思考。‎ 模拟新题精选 ‎1. 【安徽省皖南八校2018届高三第二次联考】B In high school I was very shy, content to hang around with my small group of friends and to concentrate on my courses. I was quickly labeled a “brain.” I did so well that by the end of senior year I had perfect grades and enough college credits to give up an entire quarter of coursework.‎ But in early June of senior year, the principal called me into office. He asked me to give a speech at gradation. I gaped(目瞪口呆地凝视)at him, my heart thumping. This was the reward for my hard work? I mumbled something and fled the office, blaming myself for staying away from physics, a subject sure to have broken up my perfect record.‎ I finally agreed to a compromise. I would share the honor with five other students. I agreed to introduce my friend Judy, who would then give her own, full-length speech.‎ Graduation day soon arrived. I’d been practicing my speech for days, and I had it memorized. The first half hour of the ceremony passed in a blur, and then my moment came. My name was announced. I managed to reach the podium without falling down. I faced my classmates. My voice trembled a little, but mostly it was clear and strong. But within seconds, I was done and heading back to my seat. I accomplished something I’d never dreamed of—I spoke in front of hundreds of people.‎ Although I didn’t realize it at the time, the successful completion of that speech gave me the confidence to participate in class at college, to give verbal reports, and to eventually break free of my shyness. I never would have chosen to give a speech at graduation-or ever. But I’m glad I did. I no longer hesitate when I’m faced with the prospect of doing something I dread. I know it may very well turn out to be one of my shining moments.‎ ‎4. Why was the writer called a “brain”?‎ A. She was a bookworm all the time B. She was the head of her small group C. She was the most intelligent student D. She did more coursework for good grades.‎ ‎5. What can we infer from the second paragraph?‎ A. She ruined her health by studying hard B. She got the reward beyond expectation C. She was grateful for giving a speech D. She wasn’t good at physics at school ‎6. How did the author feel at the beginning of the graduation speech?‎ A. Scared B. Moved C. Excited D. Embarrassed ‎7. What did the speech bring to the author at last?‎ A. She had nothing to fear in life B. She got rid of her sense of shyness C. She won enough college credits D. She desired to become a speaker ‎【答案】4. C 5. D 6. A 7. B ‎【解析】作者讲述了第一次演讲的起因、经过和结果以及对今后的积极影响。‎ ‎4. C 推理判断题。根据第一段concentrate on my courses. I did so well that by the end of senior year I had perfect grades and enough college credits to give up an entire quarter of coursework.可知作者上学时学习努力，成绩很好，是最聪明努力的学生。所以被成为“brain”，故选C.‎ ‎6. A 推理判断题。根据第四段I managed to reach the podium without falling down. I faced my classmates. My voice trembled a little, but mostly it was clear and strong.可知毕业演讲开始的时候作者脚步不稳，声音发抖，非常害怕。故选A.‎ ‎7. B 推理判断题。根据最后一段the successful completion of that speech gave me the confidence to participate in class at college, to give verbal reports, and to eventually break free of my shyness.可知这次演讲给了作者在大学里参加课堂，发表口头报告的信心，并最终摆脱羞怯。故选B.‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的题目。此类题要求在理解表面文字的基础上，做出判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含的意思和深层的意思，也就是通过文章中的文字信息，上下逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息，推断出作者没有直接表达的态度和观点。‎ 本文主要考查推测文章的观点或结论。小题1推断被成为“brain”的原因，根据第一段concentrate on my courses. I did so well that by the end of senior year I had perfect grades and enough college credits to give up an entire quarter of coursework.可知作者上学时学习努力，成绩很好，是最聪明努力的学生。所以被成为“brain”.小题2考查从第二段推断的内容，根据第二段blaming myself for staying away from physics, a subject sure to have broken up my perfect record.可知作者的物理成绩不好，打破了她的完美记录。小题3推断演讲刚开始时作者的感受，根据第四段I managed to reach the podium without falling down. I faced my classmates. My voice trembled a little, but mostly it was clear and strong.可知毕业演讲开始的时候作者脚步不稳，声音发抖，非常害怕。小题4推断演讲最后带给作者的是什么，根据最后一段the successful completion of that speech gave me the confidence to participate in class at college, to give verbal reports, and to eventually break free of my shyness.可知这次演讲给了作者在大学里参加课堂，发表口头报告的信心，并最终摆脱羞怯。‎ ‎2. 【河南省豫北豫南名校2018届高三上学期第二次联考】B I once knew a high school teacher who made, in my mind, a curious comment. Referring to a naughty student, he remarked, with a tone of gloomy resignation, “People don’t change.” I knew the kid well. He was what one would call a “juvenile delinquent(不良少年)”. But if schooling held no promise of making positive changes in kids, what was the point teaching?‎ My own son, Alyosha, growing up, was athletic, energetic, and occasionally hard to handle. But he never showed the least interest in tools, or working with his hands in any way. The result was that he couldn’t tell a screwdriver from a paintbrush. I recall one day, as I fussed under the car, calling out to him to bring me an adjustable wrench(知动扳手). He fetched a pair of pliers(钳子). “No,” I pleaded while trying to hold an oily car part in place. “Pliers.” He went back into the garage and returned with a bar. “No, no,” I corrected him. “The adjustable ‎ wrench! For loosening a nut.” To which, in his own defennce, he exclaimed, “Well, I don’t know!”‎ Years passed. And then, one day, well into his 20s, he told me he had decided on a technical school: machinery technology. I nodded approvingly, but already knew that it was a challenging field, full of moving parts, tools, and dreaded math.‎ During his period in Coast Guard technical school I thought about him daily, wondering what the outcome would be. I had prepared myself for the phone call telling me that it was just too much and he was being sent to sea as a deckhand.‎ It didn’t happen. The phone did ring, but it was Alyosha asking me to fly to Virginia to attend his graduation and pin his new rank on his collar. Prouder I couldn’t have been.‎ As I stood before my son, Alyosha, standing at attention and staring dead ahead, glanced at me. “You want me to help you, Dad?” he said. “Always,” I answered, “but not this time.”‎ Yeah, people do chance. And, in my experience, it’s usually something to see.‎ ‎4. What’s the author’s attitude towards the teacher’s remark?‎ A. He approves of it B. He argues against it C. He is interested in it D. He is uncertain about it ‎5. The examples in Paragraph 3 are used to show Alyosha___________.‎ A. lacked team spirit B. knew nothing about mechanics C. had a bad relationship with his dad D. was unwilling to learn any handwork ‎6. Before Alyosha made the final decision about his future, he ___________.‎ A. had no college education B. turned to his dad for help C. tried many different things D. learned mechanics for years ‎7. Why was the author ready to get the phone call from his son?‎ A. He missed his son very much B. He had an appointment with his son C. He expected good news about his son D. He thought his son would quit school ‎【答案】4. B 5. D 6. C 7. D ‎4. 推理判断题。根据But if schooling held no promise of making positive changes in kids, what was the point teaching?得知如果连学校教育也无法保证能给孩子带来积极的改变,要学校有什么意义？可以推断出作者是反对那位高中老师对那个孩子的评论的。故选B。‎ ‎5. 推理判断题。根据My own son, Alyosha, growing up, was athletic, energetic, and occasionally hard to handle. But he never showed the least interest in tools, or working with his hands in any way.得知作者以儿子Alyosha为例，说明孩子虽然爱运动、有活力，偶尔不好管教，但是从来对动手工作不感兴趣。Alyosha动手能力差。故选D。‎ ‎6. 推理判断题。根据Years passed. And then, one day, well into his 20s, he told me he had decided on a technical school: machinery technology.得知孩子在多年后才对自己以后要学些什么做出决定。故选C。‎ ‎7. 推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“I had prepared myself for the phone call telling me it was just too much and that he was being sent to sea as a deckhand.”可知，作者已经做好了儿子放弃机械技术的准备。故选D。‎ ‎3. 【山西省、河南省2018届高三上学期阶段性测评（四）晋豫省际大联考】B A 60-year-old homeless woman named Smokie has been sleeping outside in the dirt a few doors down from a man named Elvis Summers.‎ Most mornings, she stops by Elvis’s Los Angeles apartment and asks if he has any recyclable materials for her. Through these conversations, they struck up a friendship.‎ One morning, Elvis saw a news article about man in Oakland who has been making tiny houses out of deserted materials. He was inspired to put off paying a few bills so he could buy the wood and hardware to make Smokie a brand new shelter it took him five days to build it, and now, for the first time in ten years, Smokie a brand new shelter. It took him five days to build it, and now, for the first time in ten years, Smokie has a place to hang the sign. “Home Sweet Home”.‎ ‎“I had nowhere to really build it, so I just built it in the street outside of my apartment,” Elvis told Good News Network. “The local LAPD police have been super cool, and have told me hey support it—as long as we move it to a different spot every 72 hours.”‎ He made this pretty time-lapse(延时的) video showing how he did it. The materials, including two locks on the front door and strong wheels for moving it around, cost him about $500.‎ ‎“I’ve met so many homeless people, good people,” Elvis said in an email, “Since I built Smokie’s , I’ve had several people asking me to make them a tiny home and it’s turned into ‎ much more than just the one house I wanted to build.”‎ Although he runs an online retail store that sells EDM clothes, he has decided to launch an ambitious project to fund more shelters. He plants to get lighter and cheaper materials—without sacrificing the strength of the house—for the next round. Rick Sassen, a branch manager, kindly donated the roof shingles and cedar supporting Smokie’s house, final items Elvis couldn’t afford on his own. Sassen has promised to work out a deal on future building materials for the same cause.‎ ‎4. What is the meaning of the underlined words “struck up” in paragraph 2?‎ A. Kept on.‎ B. Established.‎ C. Gave out.‎ D. Accomplished.‎ ‎5. Where did Elvis’s inspiration to build a tiny house come from?‎ A. A news report.‎ B. A science book.‎ C. A fiction story.‎ D. An advertisement.‎ ‎6. What is the main feature of the tiny house?‎ A. It is air-conditioned.‎ B. It is very light.‎ C. It can move around.‎ D. It has no roof.‎ ‎7. What can be inferred about Elvis from the last paragraph?‎ A. He will get help from poor people.‎ B. He earns his living by building houses.‎ C. He plans to build stronger houses.‎ D. He will help more homeless people.‎ ‎【答案】4. B 5. A 6. C 7. D ‎5. A 细节理解题。根据第三段中One morning, Elvis saw a news article about man in Oakland who has been making tiny houses out of deserted materials. He was inspired to put off paying a few bills so he could buy the wood and hardware to make Smokie a brand new shelter it took him five days to build it,可知，Elvis的灵感来自一则新闻报道。故选A。‎ ‎6. C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中The materials, including two locks on the front door and strong wheels for moving it around, cost him about $500.可知，这种微型房子的主要特色是“能四处移动”，故选C。‎ ‎7. D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Rick Sassen, a branch manager, kindly donated the roof shingles and cedar supporting Smokie’s house, final items Elvis couldn’t afford on his own. Sassen has promised to work out a deal on future building materials for the same cause.可推知，他将帮助更多无家可归的人。故选D。‎ ‎4. 【山西省45校2018届高三第一次联考】B Known as “wolf girl” at her West Warwick, R.I., school, Alyssa Grayson has spent much of her young life teaching others to protect and respect animals. After starting a wolf club in second grade, Alyssa learned all she could about her favorite animals. Today, she gives presentations about protecting wolves at libraries and schools — she’s even spoken at a university. In fact, she’s become such a wolf expert that she was appointed as the first junior advisor to the National Wolfwatcher Coalition.‎ When she’s not teaching others about wolves, Alyssa can be found volunteering at her local animal shelter, taking care of dogs and cats. She’s also trained as a citizen scientist for Frog Watch USA. In short, Alyssa Grayson proves that you are never too young to make a difference for animals.‎ When asked how she got interested in saving wolves, Alyssa says, “I’ve loved wolves since ‎ I saw them in a movie when I was 2 or 3 years old. Then one day I saw a commercial about wolf hunting. I asked my mother why people do this, and she told me because people don’t like wolves. I decided from then that I wanted to save wolves.”‎ Today, wolves are hunted, trapped, or poisoned. Hunters chase wolves for miles in an airplane until the wolves are too exhausted to run anymore. Then they shoot them. The animal doesn’t have a chance to escape. Animals are also trapped for their fur. They are left to suffer in a trap with no food, water, or shelter. Alyssa thinks the fur looks better on the animal in the wild, where it’s meant to be, than on a human.‎ Alyssa believes wolves are important to our worlds. She says, “Wolves are an apex predator, which means they are at the top of the food chain. Removing them from the ecosystem is a big mistake. The ecosystem is like a chain of dominoes (多米诺骨牌)—with the apex predator as the one in front. If you were to knock down that domino, the rest of the chain would go down too.”‎ People usually think of “the Big Bad Wolf” when they hear about wolves. However, Alyssa says, “If they would base their thoughts on facts, not fairy tales, we wouldn’t have people wanting to kill wolves.”‎ ‎5. Alyssa is known as “wolf girl” at her school because .‎ A. she keeps wolves as pets B. she was raised by wolves C. she does a lot to protect wolves D. she started a wolf club at her school ‎6. According to the first and second paragraphs, Alyssa .‎ A. gained knowledge about wolves at libraries B. cares about other animals besides wolves C. started to give presentations since second grade D. is the first junior citizen scientist for Frog Watch USA ‎7. Paragraph four is mainly about .‎ A. why wolves are killed B. why wolves are trapped C. the tools used to hunt wolves D. how wolves are treated ‎8. From the last paragraph we can infer that Alyssa .‎ A. doesn’t need fairy tales B. doesn’t believe in fairy tales C. encourages people to find out the facts about wolves D. believes that more people will work to save wolves ‎【答案】5. C 6. B 7. D 8. C ‎【解析】文章主要讲述了艾丽莎在二年级开始一个狼俱乐部之后，她开始知道她最喜欢的动物是狼。她呼吁人们客观的去对待这种动物，不要因为童话故事对它存在偏见。‎ ‎5. 细节理解题。根据文章“Known as “wolf girl” at her West Warwick, R.I., school, Alyssa Grayson has spent much of her young life teaching others to protect and respect animals.” Alyssa Grayson，在West Warwick, R.I.学校众所周知被称为狼女，因为她用她的青春教会了其他人保护和尊重动物。根据题意，故选C。‎ ‎6. 推理判断题。根据“After starting a wolf club in second grade, Alyssa learned all she could about her favorite animals. Today, she gives presentations about protecting wolves at libraries and schools — she’s even spoken at a university.” 在二年级开始一个狼俱乐部之后，艾丽莎知道了她最喜欢的动物。今天，她在图书馆和学校做关于保护狼的演讲——她甚至在一所大学里演讲过。可知选项C错误；根据“In fact, she’s become such a wolf expert that she was appointed as the first junior advisor to the National Wolfwatcher Coalition.” 事实上，她成为了一个狼的专家，她被任命为国家狼观察者联盟第一初级顾问。选项D错误；根据文章第二段描述她除了关心狼之外，她还照顾其他的动物：猫、狗，还成为青蛙观察者。根据题意，故选B。 ‎ ‎7. 主旨大意题。文章第四段主要讲述了狼被猎杀、被困或中毒。人们甚至为了它的皮毛不断地去猎杀，不给它逃生的机会，可知该段讲述了狼是如何被对待的。根据题意，故选D。‎ ‎5. 【湖北八校2018届高三上学期第一次联考】B LAS VEGAS — It was different in the light of day.‎ There was no ‘pop, pop, pop’ of gunfire, no screams. Just a quiet lot of cars abandoned by those, like Kassidy Owen, who escaped with their lives.‎ ‎“It’s strange to hear the silence,” Owen said, “because all I remember was the noise.”‎ The 22-year-old was one of dozens of concertgoers who returned to the scene of the Route 91 Harvest festival on Wednesday morning to fetch the vehicles they left behind as they fled from a gunman raining down bullets from high above in the tower of the Mandalay Bay Resort and Casino across the street.‎ Survivors of the deadly mass shooting in Las Vegas on Sunday needed their cars to move on with their lives — to get back to work, to school, home. It was the first time they were returning to a scene that would forever change them, when joy and celebration and music turned into killing and horror.‎ Before they could move forward, they had to go back to the place where they thought they were going to die.‎ Owen had run to her car to hide and had tried to drive away, but she couldn’t. People were running, bodies dropped to the ground, and cars bottlenecked in the parking lot. During a brief pause after more than 10 minutes of gunfire, she worried the lights of her SUV made everyone inside a shining target.‎ ‎“They’re shooting again!” her best friend’s brother screamed. “‘Turn off the car!’”‎ That’s when she got out and fled.‎ ‎“I just remember shutting the door and running,” Owen said.‎ Now, nearly three days later, she was back, sitting in the driver’s seat of her SUV. Her eyes were swollen and red. This was a long way from over.‎ ‎“You just keep hearing the gunshots in your head,” Owen said.‎ ‎4. Why did Kassidy Owen return to the scene of terror?‎ A. To get back her car for daily life.‎ B. To show sympathy to the victims.‎ C. To search for her missing friends.‎ D. To look into the cause of the shooting.‎ ‎5. Where was the gunman when the mass shooting happened?‎ A. Behind a car. B. In the parking lot.‎ C. On the stage. D. In a tall building.‎ ‎6. Why did Owen keep hearing the gunshots in her head?‎ A. Because she had escaped being caught.‎ B. Because she wanted to find the gunman.‎ C. Because she couldn’t rid herself of those terrible scenes.‎ D. Because she had saved others’ lives by turning off the car.‎ ‎7. Where is the text probably taken from?‎ A. A story book. B. A newspaper.‎ C. A guide book. D. A research report.‎ ‎【答案】4. A 5. D 6. C 7. B ‎【解析】本文属于社会热点话题。本文主要介绍拉斯维加斯音乐会枪击事件。‎ ‎5. D ‎. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“…they fled from a gunman raining down bullets from high above in the tower of the Mandalay Bay Resort and Casino across the street.”注意这里的tower指的是a tall, narrow building。他们在街对面的曼德勒海湾赌场度假村大楼里出来的枪手的子弹下逃离的。选D（高大的建筑物里即塔里）‎ ‎6. C ‎　推理判断题。根据文章中的语句“Her eyes were swollen and red. This was a long way from over.” 现在，过去了三天，她回来了，坐在她的SUV的驾驶座上。她的眼睛红肿。还要好久才忘记这一切。 “You just keep hearing the gunshots in your head,” Owen said.你脑子里一直听到枪声。从这两处可知，枪击声不停地出现在Owen的脑海中是因为她无法忘掉自身经历的恐怖枪击场景。C项(因为她无法摆脱那些可怕的场面。)符合题意，故选C。‎ ‎7. B 推理判断题。由文章第一段结构和全文内容可知，这是介绍拉斯维加斯音乐会枪击事件，故其是选自新闻媒体，因此选B。‎ ‎6. 【广东省广州市2018届高三12月调研测试】B Paloma sat at a computer in the school library. She stared at the blank screen and the blinking cursor. She rummaged around in her backpack for a rubber band, and then she pulled her hair into a thick ponytail. Paloma looked at the computer screen. It was still blank. She sighed and flipped through her notebook to reread the assignment Mr. Molina had given the class three weeks ago. It was due in just two days, and Paloma knew that she couldn’t procrastinate any longer.‎ Write a creative short story using an experience that you have had recently, Paloma read. Your story should include two examples of figurative language.‎ Paloma and her family had recently taken a trip along North Carolina’s coast. They had visited four different lighthouses, and Paloma wondered what it would be like to live in a lighthouse. She knew that before lighthouses were automated, they were run by a lighthouse keeper who lived on the premises. Paloma thought she’d love to be a lighthouse keeper. Without thinking about it any longer, Paloma began to write the story.‎ I sat with my cat Sadie curled on my lap and looked out the window at the crashing waves. The heavy rain beat against my lighthouse like a thousand footsteps racing up and down the walls. I held Sadie closer, and she let out a small meow of displeasure. I knew that the coming storm could not be too dangerous if Sadie was still acting normally. I had read that animals can sense changes in weather and will seek shelter from a tornado or hurricane. I was relying on Sadie’s calmness to get me through my first hurricane on the island.‎ I knew that my lighthouse was sturdily built. It had survived more than one hundred years’ worth of hurricanes and tropical storms. There was no reason to believe that it couldn’t survive another. I looked up at the staircase that spiraled above me and worried as I felt the tower sway slightly in a gust of wind.‎ Paloma stopped and reread what she had just written. She smiled to herself in delight, saved her story, and then settled into her chair to continue writing. She wasn’t sure what was going to happen next, but she knew that if she kept going, the story would continue to tell itself. Paloma couldn’t wait to find out where it would take her.‎ ‎4. Why is Paloma feeling anxious at the beginning of the passage?‎ A. She hasn’t much time left to do her writing task.‎ B. She doesn’t know the details of her writing task.‎ C. She has completely forgotten about her writing task.‎ D. She doesn’t know what is wrong with her computer.‎ ‎5. What is the inspiration for Paloma’s story idea?‎ A. Her cat. B. Her teacher.‎ C. Her trip. D. Her dream.‎ ‎6. In Paloma’s story, how does the lighthouse keeper decide if the storm is dangerous?‎ A. By listening to the weather report.‎ B. By watching the crashing waves.‎ C. By observing the cat’s behaviour.‎ D. By measuring the movement of the lighthouse.‎ ‎7. As described in the final paragraph, how does Paloma feel after she has written the first part of her story?‎ A. Confused. B. Excited.‎ C. Relieved. D. Determined.‎ ‎【答案】4. A 5. C 6. C 7. B ‎5. C ‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段可知要写一个故事，“.Write a creative short story using an experience that you have had recently, Paloma read根据你自己的经历来写故事，第三段的内容可知，Paloma 想到自己和家人一起最近在北卡罗莱纳海岸旅行。于是开始写故事了，由此可推断出她的故事的想法是来源于她的旅行。分析选项可知C项符合题意，故选C。‎ ‎6. C ‎ 推理判断题 。根据第四段最后部分“I knew that the coming storm could not be too dangerous if Sadie was still acting normally. I had read that animals can sense changes in weather and will seek shelter from a tornado or hurricane. I was relying on Sadie’s calmness to get me through my first hurricane on the island.”我知道如果Sadie仍然表现正常，即将到来的风暴不会太危险。我读到过动物能感知天气的变化，并能躲避龙卷风或飓风。我是靠Sadie的冷静让我渡过我在岛上的第一次飓风。分析可知Paloma是靠观察她的猫行为来判断风暴是否危险的。分析选项可知C符合题意。故选C。‎ ‎7. B 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Paloma stopped and reread what she had just written. She smiled to herself in delight,…Paloma couldn’t wait to find out where it would take her” Paloma停下来重读自己刚刚写的。她高兴地笑了…。Paloma迫不及待想知道这个故事如何发生。分析句意可知她非常激动。分析选项可知B项（Excited ）符合题意。‎ ‎7. 【河北省保定市2018届高三上学期期末调研】B Allan Felix is running a big business— something hard to imagine after she lost her sight in her twenties. When she was 21 years old, she went blind due to certain illness. She recalled, “I hid in my home. I hid in the place; to me, that was the safest place in the world.”‎ Luckily Felix was not someone who gave up easily. Soon she began to explore the world by using her other senses. She touched and smelled everything she came, across. She was soon able to do certain jobs herself, like milking the cows.‎ In her father’s farm, Allan Felix found a new way forward. She founded a company, bringing in organic wines from many different countries. She traveled from South America to Europe with the help of Hanley (a guide dog named Hanley). At first, Allan Felix resisted the idea of a Seeing Eye dog. But it’s hard to imagine her life or her business without him. She said, “When someone tells me something is organic and I don’t really believe it because I taste something funny on it, I’ll put it in front of Hanley’s face and if he likes the wine, he’ll actually go in and sniff it. If it’s not right, he’ll turn his head away. He goes to the vineyard with me. He scratches around. He makes sure that we see earthworms and butterflies. That’s how we know the soil is actually organic and that there are no chemicals.”‎ Felix told CBS News she believes the loss of her vision was a gift. She said, “It allowed me to pay attention to what I thought was important and also to be able to teach people the broken hang nail is not a big deal, you know what I mean? All things will round to him who will but wait.”‎ ‎4. Why did Allan Felix hide in her home?‎ A. She was shy and didn’t want to meet strangers.‎ B. She feared that she would be hurt outside.‎ C. She disliked being exposed to the sun.‎ D. She got used to being alone at home.‎ ‎5. Which of the following statements is TRUE about Hanley?‎ A. It is no more than a guide dog.‎ B. It likes drinking organic wine.‎ C. It can distinguish earthworms and butterflies.‎ D. It helps Allan a lot in her organic wine business.‎ ‎6. What does the underlined phrase “the broken hang nail” mean?‎ A. A nail which is of no use.‎ B. A task that is not easy to finish.‎ C. The difficulty you have to deal with.‎ D. The gift that God gives you.‎ ‎7. What plays a major role in Allan’s successful wine business?‎ A. Her guided dog, Hanley.‎ B. The loss of her vision.‎ C. Her born talent for business.‎ D. Her positive attitude to life.‎ ‎【答案】4. B 5. D 6. C 7. D ‎4. B ‎【名师点睛】细节理解题。‎ 文章细节的理解可以细化为：（1）一一对应型。答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合，一一对应，一目了然。 （2）语言转述型。这是一类间接事实细节题，答案与题目在意义上运用了词义之间的转述关系，即正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的另一种表达。 （3）语意理解型。这是一类深层事实细节理解题，答案与题目之间存在着一定的逻辑联系，这种联系需要建立在事实的基础上通过上、下文来进行判断、分析、归纳和整合，才能得出正确答案。 （4）是非辨别型。这是一类综合事实细节题，出题形式常常是“三正一误”(三项正确，只有一项不符合原文内容)或“三误一正”（三项错误，只有一项符合原文内容)。（5）事实排序型。‎ ‎【解题剖析】此题属于细节理解中的（2）语言转述型。这是一类间接事实细节题，答案与题目在意义上运用了词义之间的转述关系，即正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的另一种表达。‎ ‎【答案定位】根据第一段中的When she was 21 years old, she went blind due to certain illness. She recalled, “I hid in my home. I hid in the place; to me, that was the safest place in the world.”可知她在When she was 21 years old, she went blind due to certain illness. She recalled, “I hid in my home. I hid in the place; to me, that was the safest place in the world.”可知，当她21岁的时候，由于疾病她失明了。她躲在家里，对她来说，那是世界上最安全的地方。，也就是在家里不会被伤害。‎ ‎【推理关系】题干Why did Allan Felix hide in her home? ☞文章内容…I hid in my home. I hid in the place; to me, that was the safest place in the world. ‎ ‎【答案】that was the safest place in the world.…☞B.选项She feared that she would be hurt outside.….‎ ‎5. D ‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知，Allan Felix开了一家公司，引进了来自不同国家的有机葡萄酒，在导盲犬的帮助下，能够知道是否有机葡萄酒。尤其是从“But it’s hard to imagine her life or her business without him.”可知很难想象如果没有它（即Hanley），她的生活和生意会是什么样子。因此Hanley不仅仅是导盲犬，还对她的生意有很大的帮助。所以Ｄ是正确的。A说只是一只导盲犬，是不对的。根据“ I’ll put it in front of Hanley’s face and if he likes the wine, he’ll actually go in and sniff it.”可知B不对。根据“He scratches around. He makes sure that we see earthworms and butterflies.”可知如有蚯蚓和蝴蝶他会到处乱抓。而不是狗能知道，是主人根据它的反应来判断的。故选Ｄ项。‎ ‎6. C ‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，Felix告诉CBS新闻，“她认为视力的丧失是一种礼物，这让她注意到了她认为很重要的东西，同时也告诉人们：手上有民肉刺，这没什么大不了的，只要肯等待，一切都会发生”。分析句意可知，困难就像手上的肉刺，总会出现（不得不面对的），不放弃就会解决。分析选项可知C项符合题意，故选C项。‎ ‎7. D ‎ 推理判断题。通读全文可知，Allan在二十多岁时，因为疾病而丧失了视力，但她没有轻易放弃，而是利用她其它的感官来探索世界。她还建立了一个公司，引进不同国家的有机葡萄酒。通过触觉和嗅觉，在她的导盲犬的帮助鉴定是否是有机酒。可知她是一个积极乐观向上的人。分析选项可知D项（她积极的生活态度）符合题意，故选D项。‎ ‎8. 【四川省内江市2018届高三第一次模拟】B New York—A truck struck a 56-year-old woman riding a Citi Bike through Midtown Thursday ‎ morning, and officers Dimitri Coutsouvelis and Thomas Demery came to her rescue, officials said.‎ Two counter-terrorism policemen on Sixth Ave. near W. 47th St. spotted the white truck dragging the Citi Bike about 9:30 a. m. — moments after it struck the woman, who was found lying on the street with an injured right leg, frightened witnesses said.‎ ‎“She was just lying there in a lot of pain,” said Stanford Dawson, 57, who sells goods on the comer of Sixth Ave. and 48th St. “You could see her leg was turned back and the knee bones were sticking out through the skin.’’‎ One of the policemen ran after the truck and forced it to stop while the other tended to the woman.‎ ‎“The driver acted a little confused about what happened,” said Police Officer Thomas Demery, who ran to stop the truck after hearing the “sound of the bike being dragged.”‎ ‎“The woman suffered a deep gash on her leg from her knee to her hip,” said the policeman. “I kept telling her not to look at it, that it’s going to be fine. I kept comforting her.”‎ The ambulance rushed her to Bellevue Hospital in stable condition. The driver of the truck remained at the scene, policemen said. No charges were immediately filed.‎ ‎“I can’t tell you how proud I am of the work that the Critical Response Team does each and every day protecting New York City. Generally, people think they always face danger all day and sometimes they shall feel bored in the street,” said Counter-terrorism Chief James Waters. “They always perform admirably, including today.”‎ ‎“It feels really good to be a part of helping fellow New Yorkers. That’s what we guys want to express most,” Demery said.‎ Cars have struck and killed many bicyclists so far this year, and the reported number of deaths is a 21 % increase compared to the 13 killed during the same time last year.‎ ‎4. Which is right about the truck driver?‎ A. His over-speeding made the accident happen.‎ B. He kept driving, not knowing the accident.‎ C. He was arrested shortly after the accident.‎ D. He had his leg hurt in the accident.‎ ‎5. Who ran to take care of the injured woman?‎ A. Thomas Demery. B. James Waters.‎ C. Stanford Dawson. D. Dimitri Coutsouvelis.‎ ‎6. What do the policemen think of their work on the street?‎ A. Rewarding. B. Boring.‎ C. Acceptable. D. Dangerous.‎ ‎7. What can be inferred about the woman?‎ A. She was struck by a truck. B. She was badly injured in the foot.‎ C. She was lucky to get timely help. D. She was unconscious in hospital.‎ ‎【答案】4. B 5. D 6. A 7. C ‎【解析】文章讲述了两名纽约警察在街上帮助被货车撞伤的妇女的故事，他们表示能保护别人感到很自豪。‎ ‎4. B 细节推理题。根据One of the policemen ran after the truck and forced it to stop和“The driver acted a little confused about what happened,”可知货车司机只顾开车，根本不知道发生了事故。故选B.‎ ‎5. D ‎6. A 推理判断题。根据I can’t tell you how proud I am of the work that the Critical Response Team does each and every day protecting New York City.和It feels really good to be a part of helping fellow New Yorkers.可知警察认为能够每天保护市民很自豪是值得的，故选A.‎ ‎7. C 推理判断题。根据while the other tended to the woman. “I kept telling her not to look at it, that it’s going to be fine. I kept comforting her.”和The ambulance rushed her to Bellevue Hospital in stable condition.可知这个妇女很幸运，及时得到了警察的救助并马上送到医院，伤情稳定。故选C.‎ ‎9. 【湖南省郴州市2018届高三第一次质量检测】B In United States history, only four presidents have ever been assassinated (暗杀). While any ‎ death causes misery, the death of a president is extremely painful as it affects the lives of millions. After the killing of Abraham Lincoln, the country was in a state of social disorder.‎ On April 14th, 1865, actor John Wilkes Booth gathered his group together. Before they parted, Booth reminded them of their missions for the night: former Confederate prisoner of war Lewis Powell was to kill Secretary of State William Seward, George Azterodt was to shoot Vice President Andrew Johnson, and David Herold was to help the actor in his getaway. And Booth was to murder Lincoln. Booth had learned of Lincoln’s upcoming visit to Ford’s Theater to watch Our American Cousin only days before and was eager to murder Lincoln. In the past, Booth had thought about killing Lincoln. Booth considered Lincoln’s trip to the theater as the perfect opportunity to carry out his plan.‎ That night, Lincoln and his wife Mary arrived merrily at Ford’s Theater and were seated in a top balcony. During a very noisy part of the play, Booth slipped into the president’s box and fired a gun into the back of Lincoln’s head. Moments later, Booth jumped onto the stage and shouted, “Sic Semper Tyrannis,” the Virginia state motto meaning “Thus ever to tyrants (暴君)!”At first, the crowd thought the unfolding drama to be part of the production. However, upon hearing Mary’s shocking screams, the audience realized they had witnessed a violent action.‎ Although Booth broke his leg in the fall, he managed to leave the theater and escape from Washington on horseback. Soon, Charles Leale, a 23-year-old doctor found the president in his chair, struggling to breathe. A few soldiers carried Lincoln to a house across the street and placed him on a bed. When the surgeon general arrived at the house, he concluded that Lincoln could not be saved and would die during the night.‎ Many reasons motivated Booth to assassinate the president. Most importantly, Booth opposed nearly all of Lincoln’s political views; he blamed Lincoln for the collapse of the Confederacy (美国南部邦联的瓦解) and the emancipation (解放) of slaves.‎ ‎4. David Herold’s mission was to .‎ A. kill William Seward B. help Booth get away C. shoot Andrew Johnson D. murder Abraham Lincoln ‎5. The audience knew something terrible had happened when .‎ A. they heard Mary’s screams B. they heard Booth’s words C. Booth fired at Lincoln D. Booth jumped onto the stage ‎6. On the night Lincoln was murdered, Booth .‎ A. got away by car B. escaped uninjured C. was killed in the theater D. successfully left the theater ‎7. What is the last paragraph mainly about?‎ A. How Booth was found. B. Booth’s political views.‎ C. Why Booth hated Lincoln. D. Lincoln’s main achievements.‎ ‎【答案】4. B 5. A 6. D 7. C ‎4. 推理判断题。根据On April 14th, 1865, actor John Wilkes Booth gathered his group together. and David Herold was to help the actor in his getaway.得知David Herold的任务是帮助演员Booth逃离现场。故选B.‎ ‎5. 细节理解题。根据However, upon hearing Mary’s shocking screams, the audience realized they had witnessed a violent action.得知观众们在听到Mary尖叫声才意识到可怕的事情发生了。故选A.‎ ‎6. 细节理解题。根据Although Booth broke his leg in the fall, he managed to leave the theater and escape from Washington on horseback.得知尽管 Booth在逃离时摔到了腿但是他成功离开了剧院，骑马逃跑了。故选D.‎ ‎7. 细节理解题。根据Many reasons motivated Booth to assassinate the president..得知Booth反对林肯的政治主张，因为美国南部邦联的瓦解和奴隶制解放指责林肯。可以推断出最后一段主要讲的是Booth刺杀林肯的原因。故选C.‎ ‎10. 【湖北省武汉市武昌区2018届高三年级元月调研】C When he looked at me, it was clear my father wasn’t sure who I was. And as I looked back at him, I wasn’t sure who he was, either.‎ My father had just gone through two heart surgeries and 6 days in intensive care. He’d returned to the hospital where he’d worked for 40 years. It was the hospital where all his children had been born. The doctors said that he may have a long period of confusion after the surgeries. And because he’s eighty-six, it may be many months before he returns to normal. It’s also possible he may never be “normal” again.‎ I sat there in this hospital room, spoon-feeding the man I’ve seen as powerful and capable all my life. It felt like the full circle of life had come around us. It felt good to support him, yet part of me wanted to tell him to “be normal” again. I wasn’t sure if I was ready to accept the full meaning of it: that my father may never be that powerful and capable person again.‎ Pain and suffering have visited my family, as it will visit all families. And while we hesitate to face pain and suffering, it has great lessons to teach us. Pain and suffering are well outside of the boundaries of our everyday life. When it comes, it breaks these boundaries and turns our world upside down. We become a family with all of the others who have known pain and suffering. And we have another chance to consider what’s truly important in our lives. This crisis will pass, and we’ll all be changed by it. The healing hands of time will do their work. I’m thankful that I’ve told my father everything I’ve wanted to say to him. And I’m thankful to have my family to lean on during this difficult time. We’ll all be challenged by this to show more support, care, and Jove.‎ This is as it should be. Sometimes, it takes a crisis to remind us of why we’re all here.‎ ‎28. What do we know about the writer’s father from the passage?‎ A. He will recover from his illness soon.‎ B. He has been lying in bed for 40 years.‎ C. He used to be a powerful and capable man.‎ D. He didn’t know the author after 2 head surgeries.‎ ‎29. How did the author feel when thinking of the pain and suffering his family had?‎ A. Grateful. B. Inspired C. Exhausted. D. Sorrowful.‎ ‎30. What does the author probably agree with?‎ A. Life is fragile than expected.‎ B. Something nice weighs light.‎ C. Pain and suffering often go hand in hand.‎ D. We should treat the old in an abnormal way.‎ ‎31. What does the author aim to express in this passage?‎ A. Pain and suffering are bound to pass.‎ B. Pain and suffering bring us beneficial experiences.‎ C. We cannot always avoid facing pain and suffering.‎ D. We will not eventually be defeated by pain and suffering.‎ ‎【答案】28. C 29. A 30. A 31. B ‎【解析】曾经高大强壮的父亲重病在床，让作者认识到了人生的脆弱，同时也发现家人能够在困难事情相依相伴，作者感悟到痛苦其实能唤醒人生诸多的美好，比如支持、关心、爱。‎ ‎28. 细节理解题。根据I sat there in this hospital room, spoon-feeding the man I’ve seen as powerful and capable all my life. 我坐在医院的房间里给曾经我视为最强大的有能力的父亲喂饭。可以得知作者的父亲曾经是强大有能力的人。故选C。‎ ‎29. 细节理解题。根据I’m thankful that I’ve told my father everything I’ve wanted to say to him. And I’m thankful to have my family to lean on during this difficult time. We’ll all be challenged by this to show more support, care, and love.得知作者对家里所经历的痛苦是心怀感激的。故选A。‎ ‎30. 推理判断题。根据The doctors said that he may have a long period of confusion after the surgeries. And because he’s eighty-six, it may be many months before he returns to normal. It’s also possible he may never be “normal” again.得知曾经强大的父亲现在躺在病床可能永远不能恢复正常，作者认为人生很脆弱。故选A。‎